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C3 AI Announces Second Quarter Fiscal 2022 Results

Q2 Revenue of $58.3 million, increased 41% year over year

FY 22 Revenue Guidance raised to 35% - 37% growth, up from 17% growth in FY 21

C3.ai, Inc. (NYSE: AI), the Enterprise AI software company, today announced results for its fiscal second quarter ended October 31, 2021.

“We closed another strong quarter, including a revenue increase of 41% from a year ago that exceeds our guidance and sell-side analysts’ expectations,” said CEO Thomas M. Siebel. “We expanded our important relationship with Baker Hughes extending the contract term, significantly increasing its value, and securing that value as a guaranteed future C3 AI revenue stream. We further diversified our enterprise AI production footprint across many industries and continued to innovate with the delivery of C3 AI Data Vision, that fundamentally reinvents the enterprise software user experience.”

Second Quarter Financial Highlights

  • Revenue: Total revenue for the quarter was $58.3 million, up from $41.3 million one year ago, an increase of 41% year over year, exceeding company guidance and sell-side analysts’ expectations.
  • Subscription Revenue: Subscription revenue for the quarter was $47.4 million, up from $35.9 million one year ago, an increase of 32% year over year.
  • Gross Profit: GAAP Gross profit for the quarter was $42.3 million, up from $31.3 million one year ago. Non-GAAP gross profit for the quarter was $45.3 million, up from $31.5 million one year ago, exceeding sell-side analysts’ consensus expectations by $1.6 million.
  • Remaining Performance Obligations (“RPO”): GAAP RPO was $465.5 million, up from $267.4 million one year ago. Non-GAAP RPO was $529.3 million, up from $304.5 million one year ago.
  • Net Loss per Share: GAAP net loss per share was $(0.55), compared to $(0.39) one year ago. Non-GAAP net loss per share was $(0.23), compared to $(0.26) one year ago, well above sell-side analysts' consensus expectations.

Recent Business Highlights

  • C3 AI significantly expanded and restructured its strategic relationship with Baker Hughes for the second time, increasing the value of the contract by $45 million to $495 million, extending its term from five to six years, and guaranteeing C3 AI a minimum of $357 million of GAAP revenue over the next 3.5 years. The newly expanded contract also introduced a new pricing model and selling structure designed to further accelerate sales of C3 AI software products into the Baker Hughes customer base.
  • C3 AI increased its customer count to 104 customers, representing 63% year over year growth.
  • C3 AI expanded its enterprise AI footprint in Manufacturing, Oil & Gas, Chemicals, Agriculture, Agricultural Implements, Building Equipment, Financial Services, Insurance, Life Sciences, and Energy, with new production deployments at Cargill, Johnson Controls, and Shell; new contracts signed with CNH Industrial, Liberty Mutual, and a top 5 Life Sciences company; and new additional business with Cargill, Enel, FIS, Mosaic, and PTT Global Chemical.
  • C3 AI production applications showed expanded industry diversification, growing to 14 industries in Q2 FY 22 compared to 7 industries a year ago, including notable expansions in Agriculture, Financial Services, Life Sciences, Healthcare, and Manufacturing.
  • C3 AI substantially increased its Public Sector business in defense and intelligence, with new production deployments at the U.S. Air Force, new business with the U.S. Space Force, and additional business with the Missile Defense Agency. The year over year growth is 33%. The company expects this growth rate to accelerate substantially in the second half of the year.
  • C3 AI strengthened its leadership team with the addition of Lt. Gen. H.R. McMaster (U.S. Army, retired) to the C3 AI Advisory Board. A graduate of the U.S. Military Academy and veteran of the Gulf War, Operation Enduring Freedom, and Operation Iraqi Freedom, Lt. Gen. McMaster served as National Security Advisor from 2017 to 2018. He has held multiple roles in the United States Central Command, and is a Senior Fellow at the Hoover Institution and lecturer at the Stanford Graduate School of Business.
  • C3 AI expanded its university relations program though the C3 AI Digital Transformation Institute, a public-private partnership with C3 AI, Microsoft, Lawrence Berkeley Labs, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications, UC Berkeley, University of Illinois-Urbana, MIT, Carnegie Mellon, Princeton, Stanford, and KTH in Sweden. The C3 AI DTI sponsors advanced primary research in AI for digital transformation, hold regular industry AI colloquia, and has awarded significant research funding to develop advanced AI techniques in precision medicine, COVID and pandemic mitigation, and energy and climate security.
  • C3 AI announced the launch of C3 AI Data Vision. C3 AI believes that C3 AI Data Vision represents a fundamental paradigm shift in the enterprise application user experience model from today’s clunky forms and table-based model to a highly visual dynamic knowledge graph experience.
  • C3 AI's partnership with Google Cloud is off to a strong start. The companies' teams have developed a comprehensive pipeline of over 100 qualified deals across multiple industry verticals and recently closed their first deal, in the form of a trial in the Financial Services sector. The teams have engaged and developed joint product roadmaps and sales enablement collateral. All C3 AI solutions are now available on the Google Cloud marketplace.
  • C3 AI introduced two new applications to serve the needs of country tax assessors. The new C3 AI applications--C3 AI Residential Property Appraisal and C3 AI Commercial Property Appraisal--will be marketed nationally and have broad applicability for local and state governments, as well as financial services institutions engaged in mortgage lending and related services, representing a significant new growth opportunity for C3 AI. Along with C3 AI CRM and C3 Ex Machina, this initiative furthers our efforts to increase revenue diversity.
  • Through its partnership with energy-services leader ENGIE, C3 AI advanced its position in energy and sustainability across multiple industries, with deployments at an iconic global coffee shop brand where C3 AI is helping manage energy consumption and GHG emissions at more than 12,000 sites, a multinational packaging leader, and a major hotel group.
  • C3 AI continued to attract exceptional talent to the company and ended the quarter with 668 full-time employees, an increase of 39% year over year. The company received over 18,000 employment applications in Q2.

Financial Outlook:

Our guidance includes GAAP and non-GAAP financial measures.

The following table summarizes our guidance for the third quarter of fiscal 2022 and full-year fiscal 2022:

(in millions)

Third Quarter Fiscal 2022

Guidance

 

Full Year Fiscal 2022

Guidance

Total revenue

$66.0 - $68.0

 

$248.0 - $251.0

Non-GAAP loss from operations

($26.0) - ($30.0)

 

($100.0) - ($108.0)

A reconciliation of non-GAAP guidance measures to corresponding GAAP measures is not available on a forward-looking basis without unreasonable effort due to the uncertainty regarding, and the potential variability of, expenses that may be incurred in the future. Stock-based compensation expense-related charges, including employer payroll tax-related items on employee stock transactions, are impacted by the timing of employee stock transactions, the future fair market value of our common stock, and our future hiring and retention needs, all of which are difficult to predict and subject to constant change. We have provided a reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures in the financial statement tables for our historical non-GAAP results included in this press release. Our fiscal year ends April 30, and numbers are rounded for presentation purposes.

Conference Call Details

What:

C3 AI Second Quarter Fiscal 2022 Financial Results Conference Call

When:

Wednesday, December 1, 2021

Time:

2:00 p.m. PT / 5:00 p.m. ET

Live Call:

(833) 927-1758, Domestic

 

(929) 526-1599, International

 

Conference ID: 231349

Webcast:

https://event.on24.com/wcc/r/3517030/E997933270FA0332196F8207563DD9C8 (live and replay)

Investor Presentation Details

An investor presentation providing additional information and analysis can be found at our investor relations page at ir.c3.ai.

Statement Regarding Use of Non-GAAP Financial Measures

We report the following non-GAAP financial measures, which have not been prepared in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (GAAP), in addition to, and not as a substitute for, or superior to, financial measures calculated in accordance with GAAP.

  • Non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP gross margin, non-GAAP loss from operations, and non-GAAP net loss per share. Our non-GAAP gross profit, non-GAAP gross margin, non-GAAP loss from operations, and non-GAAP net loss per share exclude the effect of stock-based compensation expense-related charges and employer payroll tax expense related to employee stock-based compensation. We believe the presentation of operating results that exclude these non-cash items provides useful supplemental information to investors and facilitates the analysis of our operating results and comparison of operating results across reporting periods.
  • Non-GAAP RPO: Non-GAAP RPO represents our GAAP RPO plus the associated cancellable contracted backlog. We believe the presentation of our RPO inclusive of the cancellable backlog provides useful supplemental information to investors about our aggregate contractual backlog and facilitates the analysis of our operating results and comparison of operating results across reporting periods.

We use these non-GAAP financial measures internally for financial and operational decision-making purposes and as a means to evaluate period-to-period comparisons. Non-GAAP financial measures are not meant to be considered in isolation or as a substitute for comparable GAAP financial measures and should be read only in conjunction with our condensed consolidated financial statements prepared in accordance with GAAP. Our presentation of non-GAAP financial measures may not be comparable to similar measures used by other companies. We encourage investors to carefully consider our results under GAAP, as well as our supplemental non-GAAP information and the reconciliation between these presentations, to more fully understand our business. Please see the tables included at the end of this release for the reconciliation of GAAP to non-GAAP financial measures.

Analyst expectations gathered by FactSet as of November 30, 2021; consensus represents arithmetic average of this guidance. Any opinions, estimates or forecasts regarding C3 AI’s performance made by any analysts are theirs alone and do not represent the opinions, forecasts or predictions of C3 AI. C3 AI does not endorse or concur with any such opinions, estimates or forecasts.

Use of Forward-Looking Statements

This press release contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. All statements contained in this press release other than statements of historical facts, including our market leadership position, anticipated benefits from our partnerships and investments, financial outlook, our business strategies, plans, and objectives for future operations, are forward-looking statements. The words “anticipate,” “believe,” “continue,” “estimate,” “expect,” “intend,” “may,” “will” and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. We have based these forward-looking statements largely on our current expectations and projections about future events and trends that we believe may affect our financial condition, results of operations, business strategy, short-term and long-term business operations and objectives, and financial needs. These forward-looking statements are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties. Some of these risks are described in greater detail in our filings with the Securities and Exchange Commission, including our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q for the fiscal quarters ended July 31, 2021 and, when available, October 31, 2021, although new and unanticipated risks may arise. The future events and trends discussed in this press release may not occur and actual results could differ materially and adversely from those anticipated or implied in the forward-looking statements. Although we believe that the expectations reflected in the forward-looking statements are reasonable, we cannot guarantee future results, levels of activity, performance, achievements, or events and circumstances reflected in the forward-looking statements will occur. Except to the extent required by law, we do not undertake to update any of these forward-looking statements after the date of this press release to conform these statements to actual results or revised expectations.

About C3.ai, Inc.

C3.ai, Inc. (NYSE:AI) is the leading provider of enterprise AI software for accelerating digital transformation. C3 AI delivers a family of fully integrated products: C3 AI® Suite, an end-to-end platform for developing, deploying, and operating large-scale AI applications; C3 AI Applications, a portfolio of industry-specific SaaS AI applications; C3 AI CRM, a suite of industry-specific CRM applications designed for AI and machine learning; and C3 AI Ex Machina, a no-code AI solution to apply data science to everyday business problems. The core of the C3 AI offering is an open, model-driven AI architecture that dramatically simplifies data science and application development. Learn more at: www.c3.ai.

C3.AI, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)

(Unaudited)

 

 

Three Months Ended October 31,

 

Six Months Ended October 31,

 

2021

 

2020

 

2021

 

2020

Revenue

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Subscription(1)

$

47,408

 

 

$

35,854

 

 

$

93,530

 

 

$

71,549

 

Professional services(2)

10,855

 

 

5,487

 

 

17,139

 

 

10,275

 

Total revenue

58,263

 

 

41,341

 

 

110,669

 

 

81,824

 

Cost of revenue

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Subscription(3)

11,392

 

 

7,084

 

 

20,605

 

 

15,671

 

Professional services

4,579

 

 

2,997

 

 

8,391

 

 

4,909

 

Total cost of revenue

15,971

 

 

10,081

 

 

28,996

 

 

20,580

 

Gross profit

42,292

 

 

31,260

 

 

81,673

 

 

61,244

 

Operating expenses

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Sales and marketing(4)

46,166

 

 

22,088

 

 

82,988

 

 

36,446

 

Research and development

36,523

 

 

16,134

 

 

63,235

 

 

29,398

 

General and administrative

15,279

 

 

7,562

 

 

27,643

 

 

13,249

 

Total operating expenses

97,968

 

 

45,784

 

 

173,866

 

 

79,093

 

Loss from operations

(55,676

)

 

(14,524

)

 

(92,193

)

 

(17,849

)

Interest income

322

 

 

288

 

 

667

 

 

868

 

Other (expense) income, net

(1,372

)

 

(578

)

 

(2,271

)

 

2,440

 

Net loss before provision for income taxes

(56,726

)

 

(14,814

)

 

(93,797

)

 

(14,541

)

Provision for income taxes

13

 

 

130

 

 

401

 

 

253

 

Net loss

$

(56,739

)

 

$

(14,944

)

 

$

(94,198

)

 

$

(14,794

)

Net loss per share attributable to Class A common shareholders, basic and diluted

$

(0.55

)

 

$

(0.39

)

 

$

(0.91

)

 

$

(0.39

)

Net loss per share attributable to Class A-1 common shareholders, basic and diluted

$

 

 

$

(0.39

)

 

$

 

 

$

(0.39

)

Net loss per share attributable to Class B common shareholders, basic and diluted

$

(0.55

)

 

$

0.00

 

 

$

(0.91

)

 

$

0.00

 

Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to Class A common stockholders, basic and diluted

100,246

 

 

31,387

 

 

99,558

 

 

31,006

 

Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to Class A-1 common stockholders, basic and diluted

 

 

6,667

 

 

 

 

6,667

 

Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to Class B common stockholders, basic and diluted

3,500

 

 

 

 

3,500

 

 

 

(1)

Including related party revenue of $10,012 and $6,810 for the three months ended October 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $20,220 and $13,620 for the six months ended October 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

(2)

Including related party revenue of $5,924 and nil for the three months ended October 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $7,998 and nil for the six months ended October 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

(3)

Including related party cost of revenue of $80 and nil for the three months ended October 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $197 and nil for the six months ended October 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

(4)

Including related party sales and marketing expense of $131 and nil for the three months ended October 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively, and $192 and nil for the six months ended October 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

C3.AI, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except for share and per share data)

(Unaudited)

 

 

October 31, 2021

 

April 30, 2021

Assets

 

 

 

Current assets

 

 

 

Cash and cash equivalents

$

167,436

 

 

$

115,355

 

Short-term investments

802,986

 

 

978,020

 

Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $57 and $812 as of October 31, 2021 and April 30, 2021, respectively(1)

27,168

 

 

65,460

 

Prepaid expenses and other current assets(2)

18,536

 

 

14,302

 

Total current assets

1,016,126

 

 

1,173,137

 

Property and equipment, net

5,239

 

 

6,133

 

Goodwill

625

 

 

625

 

Long-term investments

101,719

 

 

 

Other assets, non-current(3)

41,161

 

 

16,582

 

Total assets

$

1,164,870

 

 

$

1,196,477

 

Liabilities and stockholders’ equity

 

 

 

Current liabilities

 

 

 

Accounts payable(4)

$

10,129

 

 

$

12,075

 

Accrued compensation and employee benefits

16,478

 

 

21,829

 

Deferred revenue, current(5)

71,901

 

 

72,263

 

Accrued and other current liabilities(6)

33,675

 

 

18,318

 

Total current liabilities

132,183

 

 

124,485

 

Deferred revenue, non-current

980

 

 

2,964

 

Other long-term liabilities(7)

5,197

 

 

7,853

 

Total liabilities

138,360

 

 

135,302

 

Commitments and contingencies

 

 

 

Stockholders’ equity

 

 

 

Class A common stock, $0.001 par value. 1,000,000,000 shares authorized as of October 31, 2021 and April 30, 2021; 101,370,907 and 98,667,121 shares issued and outstanding as of October 31, 2021 and April 30, 2021, respectively

102

 

 

99

 

Class B common stock, $0.001 par value; 3,500,000 shares authorized as of October 31, 2021 and April 30, 2021; 3,499,992 and 3,499,992 shares issued and outstanding as of October 31, 2021 and April 30, 2021, respectively

3

 

 

3

 

Additional paid-in capital

1,470,176

 

 

1,410,325

 

Accumulated other comprehensive (loss) income

(240

)

 

81

 

Accumulated deficit

(443,531

)

 

(349,333

)

Total stockholders’ equity

1,026,510

 

 

1,061,175

 

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

$

1,164,870

 

 

$

1,196,477

 

(1)

Including amounts from a related party of $9,384 and $15,180 as of October 31, 2021 and April 30, 2021, respectively.

(2)

Including amounts from a related party of $5,015 and $1,662 as of October 31, 2021 and April 30, 2021, respectively.

(3)

Including amounts from a related party of $18,572 and $6,602 as of October 31, 2021 and April 30, 2021, respectively.

(4)

Including amounts from a related party of $84 and $56 as of October 31, 2021 and April 30, 2021, respectively.

(5)

Including amounts from a related party of $17,516 and $7,697 as of October 31, 2021 and April 30, 2021, respectively.

(6)

Including amounts from a related party of $18,458 and $3,413 as of October 31, 2021 and April 30, 2021, respectively.

(7)

Including amounts from a related party of $2,448 and $4,895 as of October 31, 2021 and April 30, 2021, respectively.

C3.AI, INC.

CONDENSED CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

(Unaudited)

 

 

Six Months Ended October 31,

 

2021

 

2020

Cash flows from operating activities:

 

 

 

Net loss

$

(94,198

)

 

$

(14,794

)

Adjustments to reconcile net loss to net cash (used in) provided by operating activities

 

 

 

Depreciation and amortization

2,364

 

 

2,098

 

Non-cash operating lease cost

1,100

 

 

1,650

 

Stock-based compensation expense

46,452

 

 

7,681

 

Other

(538

)

 

(75

)

Changes in operating assets and liabilities

 

 

 

Accounts receivable(1)

39,047

 

 

(2,380

)

Prepaid expenses, other current assets and other assets(2)

(15,074

)

 

(48

)

Accounts payable(3)

(1,682

)

 

3,159

 

Accrued compensation and employee benefits

(5,351

)

 

(716

)

Operating lease liabilities

(1,214

)

 

(1,745

)

Other liabilities(4)

13,564

 

 

2,345

 

Deferred revenue(5)

(2,346

)

 

21,661

 

Net cash (used in) provided by operating activities

(17,876

)

 

18,836

 

Cash flows from investing activities:

 

 

 

Purchases of property and equipment

(1,429

)

 

(919

)

Capitalized software development costs

(500

)

 

 

Purchases of investments

(388,870

)

 

(128,330

)

Maturities and sales of investments

461,648

 

 

164,098

 

Net cash provided by investing activities

70,849

 

 

34,849

 

Cash flows from financing activities:

 

 

 

Proceeds from repayment of shareholder loan

 

 

26,003

 

Payment of deferred offering costs

(105

)

 

(2,325

)

Proceeds from exercise of Class A common stock options

11,305

 

 

4,536

 

Net cash provided by financing activities

11,200

 

 

28,214

 

Net increase in cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

64,173

 

 

81,899

 

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at beginning of period

116,255

 

 

33,604

 

Cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash at end of period

$

180,428

 

 

$

115,503

 

Cash and cash equivalents

$

167,436

 

 

$

114,603

 

Restricted cash included in other assets

12,992

 

 

900

 

Total cash, cash equivalents and restricted cash

$

180,428

 

 

$

115,503

 

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information—cash paid for income taxes

$

625

 

 

$

323

 

Supplemental disclosures of non-cash investing and financing activities:

 

 

 

Purchases of property and equipment included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities

$

52

 

 

$

146

 

Unpaid liabilities related to intangible purchases

$

2,500

 

 

$

 

Deferred offering costs included in accounts payable and accrued liabilities

$

 

 

$

2,994

 

Vesting of early exercised stock options

$

1,908

 

 

$

1,325

 

(1)

Including changes in related party balances of $(5,796) and $(150) for the six months ended October 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

(2)

Including changes in related party balances of $15,323 and nil for the six months ended October 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

(3)

Including changes in related party balances of $28 and nil for the six months ended October 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

(4)

Including changes in related party balances of $12,598 and nil for the six months ended October 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

(5)

Including changes in related party balances of $9,819 and $14,780 for the six ended October 31, 2021 and 2020, respectively.

C3.AI, INC.

RECONCILIATION OF GAAP TO NON-GAAP FINANCIAL MEASURES

(In thousands, except percentages)

(Unaudited)

 

 

Three Months Ended October 31,

 

Six Months Ended October 31,

 

2021

 

2020

 

2021

 

2020

Reconciliation of GAAP gross profit to non-GAAP gross profit:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gross profit on a GAAP basis

$

42,292

 

 

$

31,260

 

 

$

81,673

 

 

$

61,244

 

Stock-based compensation expense (1)

3,049

 

 

248

 

 

4,472

 

 

480

 

Employer payroll tax expense related to employee stock-based compensation (2)

 

 

 

 

65

 

 

 

Gross profit on a non-GAAP basis

$

45,341

 

 

$

31,508

 

 

$

86,210

 

 

$

61,724

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Gross margin on a GAAP basis

73

%

 

76

%

 

74

%

 

75

%

Gross margin on a non-GAAP basis

78

%

 

76

%

 

78

%

 

75

%

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reconciliation of GAAP loss from operations to non-GAAP loss from operations:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Loss from operations on a GAAP basis

$

(55,676

)

 

$

(14,524

)

 

$

(92,193

)

 

$

(17,849

)

Stock-based compensation expense (1)

32,540

 

 

5,201

 

 

46,452

 

 

7,681

 

Employer payroll tax expense related to employee stock-based compensation (2)

583

 

 

 

 

1,438

 

 

 

Loss from operations on a non-GAAP basis

$

(22,553

)

 

$

(9,323

)

 

$

(44,303

)

 

$

(10,168

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Reconciliation of GAAP net loss per share to non-GAAP net loss per share:

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Net loss on a GAAP basis

$

(56,739

)

 

$

(14,944

)

 

$

(94,198

)

 

$

(14,794

)

Stock-based compensation expense (1)

32,540

 

 

5,201

 

 

46,452

 

 

7,681

 

Employer payroll tax expense related to employee stock-based compensation (2)

583

 

 

 

 

1,438

 

 

 

Net loss on a non-GAAP basis

$

(23,616

)

 

$

(9,743

)

 

$

(46,308

)

 

$

(7,113

)

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

GAAP net loss per share attributable common shareholders, basic and diluted

$

(0.55

)

 

$

(0.39

)

 

$

(0.91

)

 

$

(0.39

)

Non-GAAP net loss per share attributable common shareholders, basic and diluted

$

(0.23

)

 

$

(0.26

)

 

$

(0.45

)

 

$

(0.19

)

Weighted-average shares used in computing net loss per share attributable to common stockholders, basic and diluted

103,746

 

 

38,054

 

 

103,058

 

 

37,673

(1)

Stock-based compensation expense for gross profits and gross margin includes costs of subscription and cost of professional services as follows. Stock-based compensation expense for loss from operations includes total stock-based compensation expense as follows:

 

Three Months Ended October 31,

 

Six Months Ended October 31,

 

2021

 

2020

 

2021

 

2020

Cost of subscription

$

2,364

 

 

$

159

 

 

$

3,185

 

 

$

343

 

Cost of professional services

685

 

 

89

 

 

1,287

 

 

137

 

Sales and marketing

13,555

 

 

2,190

 

 

19,690

 

 

3,045

 

Research and development

10,256

 

 

648

 

 

13,014

 

 

1,106

 

General and administrative

5,680

 

 

2,115

 

 

9,276

 

 

3,050

 

Total stock-based compensation expense

$

32,540

 

 

$

5,201

 

 

$

46,452

 

 

$

7,681

 

(2)

Employer payroll tax expense related to employee stock-based compensation were immaterial and as such were excluded in periods prior to January 31, 2021. Employer payroll tax expense to employee stock-based compensation for gross profits, gross margin and loss from operations includes employer payroll tax expense to employee stock-based compensation as follows:

 

Three Months Ended October 31,

 

Six Months Ended October 31,

 

2021

 

2020

 

2021

 

2020

Cost of subscription

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

 

$

 

Cost of professional services

 

 

 

 

65

 

 

 

Sales and marketing

215

 

 

 

 

516

 

 

 

Research and development

217

 

 

 

 

399

 

 

 

General and administrative

151

 

 

 

 

458

 

 

 

Total employer payroll tax expense

$

583

 

 

$

 

 

$

1,438

 

 

$

 

Reconciliation of remaining performance obligations (“RPO”) to Non-GAAP RPO:

The following table presents a reconciliation of RPO to Non-GAAP RPO:

 

As of October 31,

 

2021

 

2020

RPO

$

465,526

 

 

$

267,352

 

Cancellable amount of contract value

63,766

 

 

37,119

 

Non-GAAP RPO

$

529,292

 

 

$

304,471

 

 

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