Table of Contents
UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D. C. 20549
FORM 10-K
(Mark One)
| þ | ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the fiscal year ended December 27, 2008
OR
| o | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
Commission file number 1-4298
COHU, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
| Delaware (State or other jurisdiction of Incorporation or Organization) |
95-1934119 (I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
|
| 12367 Crosthwaite Circle, Poway, California (Address of principal executive offices) |
92064-6817 (Zip Code) |
Registrant’s telephone number, including area code: (858) 848-8100
Securities
registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:
| Title of Each Class | Name of Exchange on Which Registered | |
| Common Stock, $1.00 par value | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC | |
| Preferred Share Purchase Rights, $1.00 par value | The NASDAQ Stock Market LLC |
Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act:
None
None
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule
405 of the Securities Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section
13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes o No þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed
by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or
for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been
subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No o
Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation
S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in
definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference
in Part III of this Form 10-K
or any amendment to this Form 10-K. þ
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large
accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer or a smaller reporting company. See the definitions of “large accelerated filer,” “accelerated
filer” and “smaller reporting company” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
| Large accelerated filer o | Accelerated filer þ | Non-accelerated filer o (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) |
Smaller reporting company o |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of
the Act). Yes o No þ
The aggregate market value of voting stock held by nonaffiliates of the registrant was
approximately $230,000,000 based on the closing stock price as reported by the NASDAQ Stock Market
LLC as of June 27, 2008. Shares of common stock held by each officer and director and by each
person or group who owns 5% or more of the outstanding common stock have been excluded in that such
persons or groups may be deemed to be affiliates. This determination of affiliate status is not
necessarily a conclusive determination for other purposes.
As of January 24, 2009 the Registrant had 23,343,796 shares of its $1.00 par value common
stock outstanding.
DOCUMENTS INCORPORATED BY REFERENCE
Portions of the Proxy Statement for Cohu, Inc.’s 2009 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be
held on May 12, 2009, and to be filed pursuant to Regulation 14A within 120 days after registrant’s
fiscal year ended December 27, 2008, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Report.
COHU, INC.
FORM 10-K FOR THE FISCAL YEAR ENDED DECEMBER 27, 2008
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Table of Contents
The following discussion should be read in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements
and notes thereto included elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. This Annual Report on Form
10-K contains certain forward-looking statements including expectations of market conditions,
challenges and plans, within the meaning of Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as
amended (the “Exchange Act”), and is subject to the Safe Harbor provisions created by that statute.
These forward-looking statements are based on management’s current expectations and beliefs,
including estimates and projections about our industries. Statements concerning financial position,
business strategy, and plans or objectives for future operations are forward-looking statements.
These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to certain risks,
uncertainties, and assumptions that are difficult to predict and may cause actual results to differ
materially from management’s current expectations. Such risks and uncertainties include those set
forth in this Annual Report on Form 10-K under the heading “Item 1A. Risk Factors”. The
forward-looking statements in this report speak only as of the time they are made and do not
necessarily reflect management’s outlook at any other point in time. We undertake no obligation to
update publicly any forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future
events, or for any other reason. However, readers should carefully review the risk factors set
forth in other reports or documents we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange
Commission (“SEC”) after the date of this Annual Report.
PART I
Item 1. Business.
Cohu, Inc. (“Cohu”, “we”, “our” and “us”) was incorporated under the laws of California in 1947, as
Kalbfell Lab, Inc. and commenced active operations in the same year. Our name was changed to Kay
Lab in 1954. In 1957, Cohu was reincorporated under the laws of the State of Delaware as Cohu
Electronics, Inc. and in 1972, our name was changed to Cohu, Inc.
We have three reportable segments as defined by Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”)
Statement No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information”,
(“Statement No. 131”). Our three segments are: semiconductor equipment, television cameras and
microwave communications. In May 2006, we sold substantially all the assets of FRL, Incorporated
(“FRL”), which comprised our metal detection equipment segment. As a result of the divestiture of
FRL, we are reporting FRL as a discontinued operation for all periods presented. All information
presented in this Annual Report on Form 10-K covers results from our continuing operations.
Our semiconductor equipment segment, is comprised of our wholly owned subsidiary Delta Design, Inc.
(“Delta”), which develops, manufactures and sells pick-and-place semiconductor test handlers,
burn-in related equipment and thermal sub-systems to semiconductor manufacturers and semiconductor
test subcontractors throughout the world. On December 9, 2008, we added to our semiconductor
equipment segment through the acquisition of Rasco GmbH (“Rasco”). Rasco, headquartered near
Munich, Germany, develops, manufactures and sells gravity-feed and strip semiconductor test
handling equipment used in final test operations by semiconductor manufacturers and test
subcontractors. See Note 3 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere
herein. Our television camera segment (“Electronics Division”) designs, manufactures and sells
closed circuit television cameras and systems to original equipment manufacturers, contractors and
government agencies. Our other reportable segment, Broadcast Microwave Services, Inc. (“BMS”),
designs, manufactures and sells microwave communications equipment to television broadcasters,
equipment manufacturers and government agencies.
Sales by reportable segment, expressed as a percentage of total consolidated net sales, for the
last three years were as follows:
| 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||
Semiconductor equipment |
76 | % | 84 | % | 84 | % | ||||||
Television cameras |
9 | % | 7 | % | 7 | % | ||||||
Microwave communications |
15 | % | 9 | % | 9 | % | ||||||
| 100 | % | 100 | % | 100 | % | |||||||
Additional financial information on industry segments for each of the last three years is included
in Note 8 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included elsewhere herein.
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Semiconductor Equipment
We are a worldwide supplier of semiconductor test handling systems, burn-in equipment and thermal
sub-systems. Our semiconductor equipment companies develop, manufacture, sell and service a broad
line of equipment capable of handling a wide range of integrated circuit packages. Test handlers
are electromechanical systems used to automate testing of the packaged integrated circuit in the
“back end” of the semiconductor manufacturing process. Testing determines the quality and
performance of the integrated circuit prior to shipment to customers. Testers are designed to
verify the performance of the integrated circuit, such as microprocessors, logic, DRAM or mixed
signal devices. Handlers are engineered to thermally condition and present for testing, the
packages that protect the micro-circuitry within the integrated circuit. The majority of test
handlers use either pick-and-place or gravity-feed technologies. The integrated circuit package
type normally determines the appropriate handling approach. Gravity-feed handling is the preferred
solution for temperature testing of small outline leaded and non-leaded packages, as well as for
packages with leads on only two sides. In gravity-feed handlers, integrated circuits are unloaded
from plastic tubes, metal magazines or a bowl at the top of the machine and flow through the
system, from top to bottom, propelled by the force of gravity. After testing, the integrated
circuits are sorted and reloaded into tubes, magazines or tape for additional process steps or for
shipment.
Integrated circuits with leads on all four sides, such as the quad flat pack or with balls or pads
on the bottom of the package, such as ball grid array packages and certain low profile integrated
circuits with leads on two sides, such as the thin small outline package, are predominately handled
in pick-and-place systems. Pick-and-place handlers, use robotic mechanisms to move integrated
circuits from waffle-like trays and place them in precision transport boats or carriers for
processing through the system. After testing, integrated circuits are sorted and reloaded into
designated trays, based on test results.
To ensure the quality of the integrated circuits produced, semiconductor manufacturers typically
test integrated circuits at hot and/or cold temperatures, which can accelerate failures. Our test
handler products are designed to provide a precisely controlled test environment typically over the
range of -60 degrees Celsius to +160 degrees Celsius. In recent years, the performance and speed
of certain integrated circuits has increased, resulting in a substantial increase in the amount of
heat that is generated within these high performance integrated circuits during the test process.
This heat is capable of damaging or destroying the integrated circuit and can result in speed
downgrading, when devices self-heat and fail to successfully test at their maximum possible speed.
Device yields are extremely important and speed grading directly affects the selling price of the
integrated circuit and the profitability of the semiconductor manufacturer. In addition to
temperature capability, other key factors in the design of test handlers are cost, handling speed,
flexibility, parallel test capability, system size and reliability.
Delta provides thermal sub-systems for use in advanced burn-in applications. These thermal
sub-systems maintain and control the temperature of the integrated circuit during the burn-in
testing process. Burn-in equipment is used in semiconductor manufacturing for quality control
purposes. The burn-in process is used to stress devices for detection of early failures (infant
mortality) prior to distribution. The burn-in process is also used by semiconductor manufacturers
to develop reliability models of newly introduced devices. The objective of reliability testing is
to determine a device’s fault-free operation and estimated useful life by exposing the device to
various electrical and thermal conditions that impact its performance.
Our products are complex, electromechanical systems, that are used in high-volume production
environments and many are in service twenty-four hours per day, seven days a week. Customers
continuously strive to increase the utilization of their production test equipment and expect high
reliability from test handling and burn-in equipment. The availability of trained technical support
personnel is an important competitive factor in the marketplace. Our semiconductor equipment
companies deploy service engineers worldwide, often within customer production facilities, who work
with customer personnel to maintain, repair and continuously improve the performance of our
equipment.
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Our Semiconductor Equipment Products
We offer products for the pick-and-place, gravity-feed, and strip semiconductor test handler, and
burn-in markets. We currently sell the following products in the semiconductor equipment market:
Pick-and-place
The Delta Castle is a pick-and-place test handler capable of thermally conditioning devices from -60 degrees Celsius to +160 degrees Celsius. The Castle can position from one to nine devices for testing. Its large thermal soak chamber provides a continuous flow of thermally conditioned devices to the test site allowing the handler to process parts at high speed when running at temperature. The Castle incorporates an innovative vertical tray storage system that saves space on the test floor by minimizing the handler’s footprint.
The Delta Castle is a pick-and-place test handler capable of thermally conditioning devices from -60 degrees Celsius to +160 degrees Celsius. The Castle can position from one to nine devices for testing. Its large thermal soak chamber provides a continuous flow of thermally conditioned devices to the test site allowing the handler to process parts at high speed when running at temperature. The Castle incorporates an innovative vertical tray storage system that saves space on the test floor by minimizing the handler’s footprint.
Delta’s Summit series of pick-and-place handlers are designed to meet the requirements of
manufacturers of microprocessors and other high speed, high power integrated circuits. The Summit
handlers are designed around Delta’s proprietary thermal control technology. The Summit PTC, or
Passive Thermal Control, and ATC, or Active Thermal Control, models are designed to dissipate the
heat generated during test and maintain the desired temperature of the device being tested.
The Delta EDGE™ is a pick-and-place handler that combines an economical design with a small
footprint and fast index time (processing speed of the contactor placement mechanism). The EDGE™
handler is designed to meet the needs of integrated circuit manufacturers and subcontractors who
test at ambient and hot temperatures.
The Delta MATRiX is a high performance pick-and-place handler that provides increased productivity
in several dimensions of performance: up to three times higher throughput, four times higher
parallelism, and active thermal control per test site. With an adjustable test site configuration,
customers can reuse existing load-boards, including boards made for gravity handlers. The system
also provides flexibility with field upgradeable options including a chamberless tri-temperature
test site and auto contactor cleaning.
Gravity-Feed
Rasco’s SO1x00 is a high throughput gravity-feed platform that provides an economical solution for testing up to 8 devices in parallel. These handlers can be configured for tube-to-tube or metal magazine input and output, and ambient-hot or tri-temperature testing. These handlers are easily kit-able for a wide range of IC packages.
Rasco’s SO1x00 is a high throughput gravity-feed platform that provides an economical solution for testing up to 8 devices in parallel. These handlers can be configured for tube-to-tube or metal magazine input and output, and ambient-hot or tri-temperature testing. These handlers are easily kit-able for a wide range of IC packages.
Rasco’s SO2x00 is a modular platform that offers a reliable solution for testing small IC packages
and up to 8 devices in parallel. The base platform can be configured with various input and output
modules: tube, metal magazine, bowl, bulk, tape & reel, and an optional laser marking unit. These
handlers can be configured to ambient-hot or tri-temperature testing. The single, configurable
platform is a competitive differentiator for these handlers.
Test-on-strip
Rasco’s SO3000, test-on-strip handler, can plunge an entire strip at once or index the strip for single device testing. The system has tri-temperature capability, accommodates either stacked or slotted input/output media and can be configured with optional, automated vision alignment.
Rasco’s SO3000, test-on-strip handler, can plunge an entire strip at once or index the strip for single device testing. The system has tri-temperature capability, accommodates either stacked or slotted input/output media and can be configured with optional, automated vision alignment.
Burn-in
Delta’s VTS300, is an automated burn-in system that is capable of processing numerous low power circuits simultaneously. The VTS300 supports asynchronous loading and unloading of devices without system interruption to transform the burn-in process from a traditional batch-oriented process to a more efficient continuous-flow process.
Delta’s VTS300, is an automated burn-in system that is capable of processing numerous low power circuits simultaneously. The VTS300 supports asynchronous loading and unloading of devices without system interruption to transform the burn-in process from a traditional batch-oriented process to a more efficient continuous-flow process.
Thermal Sub-Systems
Delta has developed custom thermal sub-systems that incorporate our proprietary thermal control technology which are used by integrated circuit manufacturers to facilitate high performance burn-in and system level test. These thermal sub-system products maintain and control the temperature of the integrated circuit during the testing process.
Delta has developed custom thermal sub-systems that incorporate our proprietary thermal control technology which are used by integrated circuit manufacturers to facilitate high performance burn-in and system level test. These thermal sub-system products maintain and control the temperature of the integrated circuit during the testing process.
Spares
Delta and Rasco provide consumable and non-consumable items that are used to maintain, sustain or
otherwise enable purchased equipment to meet or exceed its performance, availability and production
requirements.
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Tooling (kits)
Delta and Rasco also design and manufacture a wide range of device dedication kits that enable their handler products to process different semiconductor packages.
Delta and Rasco also design and manufacture a wide range of device dedication kits that enable their handler products to process different semiconductor packages.
Validation and Characterization
Delta’s ETC 2000 is used in engineering and device characterization applications. The ETC 2000 conditions semiconductors to desired test temperature and maintains temperature set point by efficiently dissipating the heat generated during device test.
Delta’s ETC 2000 is used in engineering and device characterization applications. The ETC 2000 conditions semiconductors to desired test temperature and maintains temperature set point by efficiently dissipating the heat generated during device test.
Delta’s ETC 3000 is used in engineering and device characterization applications and offers high
performance thermal control. The ETC 3000 features fast and accurate thermal control technology
for high precision device characterization of high-power logic devices.
Both the ETC 2000 and ETC 3000 use the same thermal control technology as the Summit handler.
Sales by Product Line
During the three-year period ended December 27, 2008, sales of semiconductor test handler systems comprised approximately 46% of Delta’s sales, thermal sub-systems approximately 18% and spares, tooling (kits) and service contributing the remaining 36%. During the same three-year period Delta’s semiconductor test handler sales were comprised of approximately 99% pick-and-place handlers with the balance attributed to gravity-feed products.
During the three-year period ended December 27, 2008, sales of semiconductor test handler systems comprised approximately 46% of Delta’s sales, thermal sub-systems approximately 18% and spares, tooling (kits) and service contributing the remaining 36%. During the same three-year period Delta’s semiconductor test handler sales were comprised of approximately 99% pick-and-place handlers with the balance attributed to gravity-feed products.
Television Cameras
The Electronics Division has developed, manufactured and sold closed circuit television or CCTV
cameras, equipment and systems for over 50 years. The customer base for these products is
distributed among machine vision, traffic control and management, scientific imaging and
security/surveillance markets. The current product line consists of a broad array of indoor and
outdoor CCTV cameras and camera control equipment. Our primary products are high-performance,
high-resolution cameras that meet the most demanding performance requirements and are resistant to
harsh environments. To support its camera products, the Electronics Division offers accessories
including monitors, lenses and camera test equipment.
Microwave Communications
BMS designs, manufactures and sells microwave communications equipment, antenna systems and
associated equipment. These products are used in the transmission of video, audio and telemetry.
Applications for these microwave data-links include electronic news gathering, unmanned aerial
vehicles (UAVs), law enforcement and security and surveillance. Customers for BMS’ products
include television broadcasters, entertainment companies, professional sports teams, government
agencies, law enforcement and public safety organizations, and unmanned air vehicle program
contractors, and other commercial entities.
Customers
Semiconductor Equipment
Our customers include semiconductor manufacturers and subcontractors that perform test services for semiconductor manufacturers. Repeat sales to existing customers represent a significant portion of our sales.
Our customers include semiconductor manufacturers and subcontractors that perform test services for semiconductor manufacturers. Repeat sales to existing customers represent a significant portion of our sales.
We rely on a limited number of customers for a substantial percentage of our net sales. In 2008,
Intel, Advanced Micro Devices and Texas Instruments accounted for 30 %, 15 %, and 6 %,
respectively, of our consolidated net sales. In 2007, Intel, Advanced Micro Devices and Texas
Instruments accounted for 27%, 28%, and 8%, respectively, of our consolidated net sales. In 2006,
Intel, Advanced Micro Devices and Texas Instruments accounted for 25%, 23%, and 15%, respectively,
of our consolidated net sales. The loss of, or a significant reduction in, orders by these or
other significant customers, including reductions due to market, economic or competitive conditions
or the outsourcing of final integrated circuit test to subcontractors that are not our customers
would adversely affect our financial condition and results of operations and as a result, we
believe that our customer concentration is a significant business risk.
Television Cameras
Our customer base in the television camera industry segment is diverse and includes end-users, government agencies, original equipment manufacturers, contractors and value-added resellers throughout the world. No single customer of this segment accounted for 10% or more of our consolidated net sales in 2008, 2007 or 2006.
Our customer base in the television camera industry segment is diverse and includes end-users, government agencies, original equipment manufacturers, contractors and value-added resellers throughout the world. No single customer of this segment accounted for 10% or more of our consolidated net sales in 2008, 2007 or 2006.
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Microwave Communications
Our customer base for microwave communications equipment is also diverse and includes government agencies, original equipment manufacturers, contractors and end-users throughout the world. No single customer of this segment accounted for 10% or more of our consolidated net sales in 2008, 2007 or 2006. In 2006 our microwave communications contract with the United Arab Emirates Armed Services (“UAE”) was accepted and paid and, as a result, we recognized approximately $7.9 million in revenue which in 2006 represented 32% of our microwave communications equipment segment sales and 3% of our consolidated net sales.
Our customer base for microwave communications equipment is also diverse and includes government agencies, original equipment manufacturers, contractors and end-users throughout the world. No single customer of this segment accounted for 10% or more of our consolidated net sales in 2008, 2007 or 2006. In 2006 our microwave communications contract with the United Arab Emirates Armed Services (“UAE”) was accepted and paid and, as a result, we recognized approximately $7.9 million in revenue which in 2006 represented 32% of our microwave communications equipment segment sales and 3% of our consolidated net sales.
Sales and Marketing
We market our products worldwide through a combination of a direct sales force and independent
sales representatives. In geographic areas where we believe there is sufficient sales potential, we
generally employ our own personnel. We maintain U.S. sales offices for the semiconductor equipment
business in Tyngsborough, Massachusetts; Austin, Texas and at Delta’s Poway, California facility.
In 1993, a foreign subsidiary was formed in Singapore to handle the sales and service of our test
handling products to customers located in Southeast Asia. In 1995, a branch of the Singapore sales
and service subsidiary was opened in Taipei, Taiwan. Historically our sales in Europe were made
primarily through independent sales representatives; however, due to our acquisition of Rasco we
now have a direct sales force in Europe. Sales in Japan and Korea are made primarily through
independent sales representatives.
Competition
Semiconductor Equipment
The semiconductor equipment industry is intensely competitive and is characterized by rapid technological change and demanding worldwide service requirements. Significant competitive factors include product performance, price, reliability, customer support and installed base of products. While we are a leading worldwide supplier of semiconductor test handling equipment, we face substantial competition and there are a large number of competitors for a relatively small worldwide market. The Japanese and Korean markets for test handling equipment are large and represent a significant percentage of the worldwide market. During the last five years our sales to Japanese and Korean customers, who have historically purchased test handling equipment from Asian suppliers, have represented less than 5% of our total sales. Some of our current and potential competitors have substantially greater financial, engineering, manufacturing and customer support capabilities and offer more extensive product offerings than Cohu. To remain competitive we believe we will require significant financial resources to offer a broad range of products, maintain customer support and service centers worldwide and to invest in research and development of new products. Failure to introduce new products in a timely manner or the introduction by competitors of products with actual or perceived advantages could result in a loss of competitive position and reduced sales of existing products. No assurance can be given that we will continue to compete successfully in the U.S. or throughout the world.
The semiconductor equipment industry is intensely competitive and is characterized by rapid technological change and demanding worldwide service requirements. Significant competitive factors include product performance, price, reliability, customer support and installed base of products. While we are a leading worldwide supplier of semiconductor test handling equipment, we face substantial competition and there are a large number of competitors for a relatively small worldwide market. The Japanese and Korean markets for test handling equipment are large and represent a significant percentage of the worldwide market. During the last five years our sales to Japanese and Korean customers, who have historically purchased test handling equipment from Asian suppliers, have represented less than 5% of our total sales. Some of our current and potential competitors have substantially greater financial, engineering, manufacturing and customer support capabilities and offer more extensive product offerings than Cohu. To remain competitive we believe we will require significant financial resources to offer a broad range of products, maintain customer support and service centers worldwide and to invest in research and development of new products. Failure to introduce new products in a timely manner or the introduction by competitors of products with actual or perceived advantages could result in a loss of competitive position and reduced sales of existing products. No assurance can be given that we will continue to compete successfully in the U.S. or throughout the world.
Television Camera and Microwave Communications
Our products in the television camera and microwave communications segments are sold in highly competitive markets throughout the world, where competition is on the basis of price, product performance and integration with customer requirements, service, product quality and reliability. Many of our competitors are divisions or segments of large, diversified companies with substantially greater financial, engineering, marketing, manufacturing and customer support capabilities than Cohu. No assurance can be given that we will continue to compete successfully in these market segments.
Our products in the television camera and microwave communications segments are sold in highly competitive markets throughout the world, where competition is on the basis of price, product performance and integration with customer requirements, service, product quality and reliability. Many of our competitors are divisions or segments of large, diversified companies with substantially greater financial, engineering, marketing, manufacturing and customer support capabilities than Cohu. No assurance can be given that we will continue to compete successfully in these market segments.
Backlog
At December 27, 2008 and December 29, 2007, our backlog of unfilled orders for products was as
follows:
| (in millions) | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Backlog by segment: |
||||||||
Semiconductor equipment |
$ | 19.7 | $ | 35.3 | ||||
Television cameras |
5.0 | 5.9 | ||||||
Microwave communications |
21.9 | 18.3 | ||||||
Total consolidated backlog |
$ | 46.6 | $ | 59.5 | ||||
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Backlog is generally expected to be shipped within the next twelve months. Our backlog at any point
in time may not be representative of actual sales in any future period due to the possibility of
customer changes in delivery schedules, cancellation of orders, potential delays in product
shipments, difficulties in obtaining parts from suppliers, failure to satisfy customer acceptance
requirements and the inability to recognize revenue under accounting requirements. Certain orders
are subject to cancellation or rescheduling by the customer with limited or no penalty. There is
no significant seasonal aspect to our business.
Manufacturing and Raw Materials
Our manufacturing operations are currently located in Poway, California (BMS, Delta and Electronics
Division), Tijuana, B.C. Mexico (Delta), near Manila, in the Philippines (Delta), near Frankfurt
(BMS) and Munich (Rasco), in Germany. We currently rely on two manufacturing models in our
businesses. Our television camera and microwave communications businesses primarily rely on an
internal assembly, final integration and test manufacturing model while, during 2008, Delta began
to transition to an outsourced integration model with contract manufacturers. We expect
outsourcing to improve our ability to manage costs in a cyclical market, drive down inventory costs
and exposure, improve our responsiveness to customer demand, and place us closer to our customers.
Many of the components and subassemblies we utilize are standard products, although certain items
are made to our specifications. Certain components, particularly in our semiconductor equipment
businesses, are obtained or are available from a limited number of suppliers. We seek to reduce
our dependence on sole and limited source suppliers, however in some cases the complete or partial
loss of certain of these sources could have a material adverse effect on our operations while we
attempt to locate and qualify replacement suppliers.
Patents and Trademarks
Our proprietary technology is protected by various intellectual property laws including patents,
licenses, trademarks, copyrights and trade secrets. In addition, we believe that, due to the rapid
pace of technological change in the semiconductor equipment industry and our other business
segments, the successful manufacture and sale of our products also depend upon our experience,
technological know-how, manufacturing and marketing skills and speed of response to sales
opportunities. In the absence of patent protection, we would be vulnerable to competitors who
attempt to copy or imitate our products or processes. We believe our intellectual property has
value and we have in the past and will in the future take actions we deem appropriate to protect
such property from misappropriation. However, there can be no assurance such actions will provide
meaningful protection from competition. Protecting our intellectual property rights or defending
against claims brought by other holders of such rights, either directly against us or against
customers we have agreed to indemnify, would likely be expensive and time consuming and could have
a material adverse effect on our operations.
Research and Development
Certain of the markets in which we compete, particularly the semiconductor equipment industry, are
characterized by rapid technological change. Research and development activities are carried on in
our various subsidiaries and division and are directed toward development of new products and
equipment, as well as enhancements to existing products and equipment. Our total research and
development expense was $38.1 million in 2008, $38.3 million in 2007 and $39.1 million in 2006.
We work closely with our customers to make improvements to our existing products and in the
development of new products. We expect to continue to invest heavily in research and development
and must manage product transitions successfully as introductions of new products could adversely
impact sales of existing products.
Environmental Laws
Our business is subject to numerous federal, state, local and international environmental laws. On
occasion, we have been notified by local authorities of instances of noncompliance with local
and/or state environmental laws.
We believe we are in compliance with applicable federal, state, local and international
regulations. Compliance with foreign, federal, state and local laws which have been enacted or
adopted regulating the discharge of materials into the environment or otherwise relating to the
protection of the environment has not had a material effect and is not expected to have a material
effect upon the capital expenditures, results of operations or our competitive position. However,
future changes in regulations may require expenditures that could adversely impact earnings in
future years.
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Executive Officers of the Registrant
The following sets forth the names, ages, positions and offices held by all executive officers of
Cohu as of February 12, 2009. Executive Officers serve at the discretion of the Board of
Directors, until their successors are appointed.
| Name | Age | Position | ||||
Cohu: |
||||||
James A. Donahue
|
60 | President & Chief Executive Officer | ||||
Jeffrey D. Jones
|
47 | Vice President, Finance & Chief Financial Officer | ||||
Delta Design: |
||||||
James G. McFarlane
|
58 | Senior Vice President | ||||
Roger J. Hopkins
|
59 | Vice President, Sales and Service | ||||
James P. Walsh
|
39 | Vice President, Manufacturing | ||||
Mr. Donahue has been employed by Delta Design since 1978 and has been President of Delta Design
since May, 1983. In October, 1999, Mr. Donahue was named to the position of President and Chief
Operating Officer of Cohu and was appointed to Cohu’s Board of Directors. In June, 2000, Mr.
Donahue was promoted to Chief Executive Officer.
Mr. Jones has been employed by Delta Design since 2005 as Vice President Finance. In November,
2007, Mr. Jones was named to the position of Vice President, Finance & Chief Financial Officer of
Cohu. Prior to joining Delta Design, Mr. Jones, was a consultant from 2004 to June, 2005 and Vice
President and General Manager of the Systems Group at SBS Technologies, Inc., a designer and
manufacturer of embedded computer products, from 1998 to 2003.
Mr. McFarlane has been employed by Delta Design since 1989. He was Director of Engineering from
1992 to 1998 and was promoted to Vice President of Engineering in 1998. In 2000, Mr. McFarlane was
promoted to Senior Vice President.
Mr. Hopkins has been employed by Delta Design since April 2008 as Vice President, Sales and
Service. Prior to joining Delta, from January, 2003 until April, 2008 Mr. Hopkins was the Asian and
Western Regional Manager at Aetrium, Incorporated, a supplier of IC test handlers and semiconductor
reliability test systems. Additionally, Mr. Hopkins worked as Delta’s Director of Sales from April,
2001 until December, 2002.
Mr. Walsh has been employed by Delta Design since 2004. In October, 2007, Mr. Walsh was promoted
to Vice President, Manufacturing. Prior to joining Delta Design, Mr. Walsh was a consultant from
2003 to June, 2004, and held various positions at Asymtek (a subsidiary of Nordson Corporation) a
maker of automated dispensing equipment for the semiconductor industry from 1994 to 2003.
Employees
At December 27, 2008, we had approximately 1,100 employees. Our employee headcount has fluctuated
in the last five years primarily due to the volatile business conditions in the semiconductor
equipment industry. None of our employees are covered by collective bargaining agreements. We
believe that a great part of our future success will depend on our continued ability to attract and
retain qualified employees. Competition for the services of certain personnel, particularly those
with technical skills, is intense. There can be no assurance that we will be able to attract,
hire, assimilate and retain a sufficient number of qualified employees.
Available Information
Our web site address is www.cohu.com. We make available free of charge, on or through our
web site, our annual report on Form 10-K, quarterly reports on Form 10-Q, current reports on Form 8-K, and all
amendments to those reports, as soon as reasonably practicable after such material is
electronically filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission. Our Code of Business Conduct and
Ethics and other documents related to our corporate governance is also posted on our web site at
www.cohu.com/investors/corporategovernance. Information contained on our web site is not deemed
part of this report.
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Item 1A. Risk Factors.
Set forth below and elsewhere in this report on Form 10-K and in other documents we file with the SEC, are risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report. Before deciding to purchase, hold or sell our common stock, you should carefully consider the risks described below in addition to the other cautionary statements and risks described elsewhere, and the other information contained, in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business. If any of these known or unknown risks or uncertainties actually occurs with material adverse effects on Cohu, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed. The trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Set forth below and elsewhere in this report on Form 10-K and in other documents we file with the SEC, are risks and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results expressed or implied by the forward-looking statements contained in this Annual Report. Before deciding to purchase, hold or sell our common stock, you should carefully consider the risks described below in addition to the other cautionary statements and risks described elsewhere, and the other information contained, in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. The risks and uncertainties described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks and uncertainties not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also affect our business. If any of these known or unknown risks or uncertainties actually occurs with material adverse effects on Cohu, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be seriously harmed. The trading price of our common stock could decline due to any of these risks, and you may lose all or part of your investment.
Current global economic conditions may have an impact on our business and financial condition in
ways that we currently cannot predict.
Our operations and financial results depend on worldwide economic conditions and their impact on levels of business spending, which have deteriorated significantly in many countries and regions and may remain depressed for the foreseeable future. Uncertainties in the financial and credit markets have caused our customers to postpone deliveries of ordered systems and placement of new orders. Continued uncertainties may reduce future sales of our products and services. While we believe we have a strong customer base and have experienced strong collections in the past, if the current market conditions continue to deteriorate, we may experience increased collection times and greater write-offs, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flow.
Our operations and financial results depend on worldwide economic conditions and their impact on levels of business spending, which have deteriorated significantly in many countries and regions and may remain depressed for the foreseeable future. Uncertainties in the financial and credit markets have caused our customers to postpone deliveries of ordered systems and placement of new orders. Continued uncertainties may reduce future sales of our products and services. While we believe we have a strong customer base and have experienced strong collections in the past, if the current market conditions continue to deteriorate, we may experience increased collection times and greater write-offs, either of which could have a material adverse effect on our cash flow.
In addition, the recent tightening of credit markets and concerns regarding the availability of
credit may make it more difficult for our customers to raise capital, whether debt or equity, to
finance their purchases of capital equipment, including the products we sell. Delays in our
customers’ ability to obtain such financing, or the unavailability of such financing, would
adversely affect our product sales and revenues and therefore harm our business and operating
results. We cannot predict the timing, duration of or effect on our business of the economic
slowdown or the timing or strength of a subsequent recovery.
The semiconductor industry we serve is highly volatile and unpredictable.
Visibility into our markets is limited. Our operating results are substantially dependent on our semiconductor equipment business. This capital equipment business is in turn highly dependent on the overall strength of the semiconductor industry. Historically, the semiconductor industry has been highly cyclical with recurring periods of oversupply and excess capacity, which often have had a significant effect on the semiconductor industry’s demand for capital equipment, including equipment of the type we manufacture and market. We anticipate that the markets for newer generations of semiconductors and semiconductor equipment may also be subject to similar cycles and severe downturns. Any significant reductions in capital equipment investment by semiconductor manufacturers and semiconductor test subcontractors will materially and adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations. In addition, the volatile and unpredictable nature of semiconductor equipment demand has in the past and may in the future expose us to significant excess and obsolete and lower of cost or market inventory write-offs and reserve requirements. In 2008, 2007, and 2006, we recorded pre-tax inventory-related charges of approximately $6.2 million, $4.6 million, and $10.0 million, respectively, primarily as a result of changes in customer forecasts.
Visibility into our markets is limited. Our operating results are substantially dependent on our semiconductor equipment business. This capital equipment business is in turn highly dependent on the overall strength of the semiconductor industry. Historically, the semiconductor industry has been highly cyclical with recurring periods of oversupply and excess capacity, which often have had a significant effect on the semiconductor industry’s demand for capital equipment, including equipment of the type we manufacture and market. We anticipate that the markets for newer generations of semiconductors and semiconductor equipment may also be subject to similar cycles and severe downturns. Any significant reductions in capital equipment investment by semiconductor manufacturers and semiconductor test subcontractors will materially and adversely affect our business, financial position and results of operations. In addition, the volatile and unpredictable nature of semiconductor equipment demand has in the past and may in the future expose us to significant excess and obsolete and lower of cost or market inventory write-offs and reserve requirements. In 2008, 2007, and 2006, we recorded pre-tax inventory-related charges of approximately $6.2 million, $4.6 million, and $10.0 million, respectively, primarily as a result of changes in customer forecasts.
We are exposed to risks associated with acquisitions and investments.
We have made, and may in the future make, acquisitions of, or significant investments in, businesses with complementary products, services and/or technologies. Acquisitions and investments involve numerous risks, including, but not limited to:
We have made, and may in the future make, acquisitions of, or significant investments in, businesses with complementary products, services and/or technologies. Acquisitions and investments involve numerous risks, including, but not limited to:
| • | difficulties and increased costs in connection with integration of the personnel, operations, technologies and products of acquired businesses; | ||
| • | diversion of management’s attention from other operational matters; | ||
| • | the potential loss of key employees of acquired businesses; | ||
| • | lack of synergy, or the inability to realize expected synergies, resulting from the acquisition; | ||
| • | failure to commercialize purchased technology; and | ||
| • | the impairment of acquired intangible assets and goodwill that could result in significant charges to operating results in future periods. |
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Additionally, such acquisitions or investments may result in immediate charges to operating
results. On December 9, 2008 we closed our acquisition of Rasco and as required by FASB
Interpretation No. 4, “Applicability of FASB Statement No. 2 to Business Combinations Accounted for
by the Purchase Method”, the portion of the purchase price allocated to in-process research and
development (“IPR&D”) was expensed immediately upon the closing of the acquisition and therefore,
$2.6 million related to IPR&D was included as an operating expense in our results of operations for
the year ended December 27, 2008.
Mergers, acquisitions and investments are inherently risky and the inability to effectively manage
these risks could materially and adversely affect our business, financial condition and results of
operations. At December 27, 2008 we had goodwill and purchased intangible assets balances of $60.8
million and $41.0 million, respectively.
A limited number of customers account for a substantial percentage of our net sales.
A small number of customers historically have been responsible for a significant portion of our net sales. In the year ended December 27, 2008, three customers of the semiconductor equipment segment accounted for 51 % (63% in 2007, and 63% in 2006) of our net sales. During the past five years, the percentage of our sales derived from each of these and other significant customers has varied greatly. Such variations are due to changes in the customers’ business and their purchase of products from our competitors. It is common in the semiconductor test handler industry for customers to purchase equipment from more than one equipment supplier, increasing the risk that our competitive position with a specific customer may deteriorate. No assurance can be given that we will continue to maintain our competitive position with these or other significant customers. Furthermore, we expect the percentage of our revenues derived from significant customers will vary greatly in future periods. The loss of, or a significant reduction in, orders by these or other significant customers as a result of competitive products, market conditions, outsourcing final semiconductor test to test subcontractors that are not our customers or other factors, would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, the concentration of our revenues in a limited number of large customers is likely to cause significant fluctuations in our future annual and quarterly operating results.
A small number of customers historically have been responsible for a significant portion of our net sales. In the year ended December 27, 2008, three customers of the semiconductor equipment segment accounted for 51 % (63% in 2007, and 63% in 2006) of our net sales. During the past five years, the percentage of our sales derived from each of these and other significant customers has varied greatly. Such variations are due to changes in the customers’ business and their purchase of products from our competitors. It is common in the semiconductor test handler industry for customers to purchase equipment from more than one equipment supplier, increasing the risk that our competitive position with a specific customer may deteriorate. No assurance can be given that we will continue to maintain our competitive position with these or other significant customers. Furthermore, we expect the percentage of our revenues derived from significant customers will vary greatly in future periods. The loss of, or a significant reduction in, orders by these or other significant customers as a result of competitive products, market conditions, outsourcing final semiconductor test to test subcontractors that are not our customers or other factors, would have a material adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Furthermore, the concentration of our revenues in a limited number of large customers is likely to cause significant fluctuations in our future annual and quarterly operating results.
The semiconductor equipment industry in general and the test handler market in particular, is
highly competitive.
The semiconductor test handler industry is intensely competitive and we face substantial competition from numerous companies throughout the world. The test handler industry, while relatively small in terms of worldwide market size compared to other segments of the semiconductor equipment industry, has an inordinately large number of participants resulting in intense competitive pricing pressures. Future competition may include companies that do not currently supply test handlers. The Japanese and Korean markets for test handling equipment are large and represent a significant percentage of the worldwide market. During the last five years we have had only limited sales to Japanese and Korean customers who have historically purchased test handling equipment from Asian suppliers. Some of our competitors have substantially greater financial, engineering, manufacturing and customer support capabilities and offer more extensive product offerings than Cohu. In addition, there are emerging semiconductor equipment companies that provide or may provide innovative technology incorporated in products that may compete successfully against our products. We expect our competitors to continue to improve the design and performance of their current products and introduce new products with improved performance capabilities. Our failure to introduce new products in a timely manner, the introduction by our competitors of products with perceived or actual advantages, or disputes over rights to use certain intellectual property or technology could result in a loss of our competitive position and reduced sales of, or margins on our existing products. We believe that competitive conditions in the semiconductor test handler market have intensified over the last several years. This intense competition has adversely impacted our product average selling prices and gross margins on certain products. If we are unable to reduce the cost of our existing products and successfully introduce new lower cost products we expect these competitive conditions to negatively impact our gross margin and operating results in the foreseeable future.
The semiconductor test handler industry is intensely competitive and we face substantial competition from numerous companies throughout the world. The test handler industry, while relatively small in terms of worldwide market size compared to other segments of the semiconductor equipment industry, has an inordinately large number of participants resulting in intense competitive pricing pressures. Future competition may include companies that do not currently supply test handlers. The Japanese and Korean markets for test handling equipment are large and represent a significant percentage of the worldwide market. During the last five years we have had only limited sales to Japanese and Korean customers who have historically purchased test handling equipment from Asian suppliers. Some of our competitors have substantially greater financial, engineering, manufacturing and customer support capabilities and offer more extensive product offerings than Cohu. In addition, there are emerging semiconductor equipment companies that provide or may provide innovative technology incorporated in products that may compete successfully against our products. We expect our competitors to continue to improve the design and performance of their current products and introduce new products with improved performance capabilities. Our failure to introduce new products in a timely manner, the introduction by our competitors of products with perceived or actual advantages, or disputes over rights to use certain intellectual property or technology could result in a loss of our competitive position and reduced sales of, or margins on our existing products. We believe that competitive conditions in the semiconductor test handler market have intensified over the last several years. This intense competition has adversely impacted our product average selling prices and gross margins on certain products. If we are unable to reduce the cost of our existing products and successfully introduce new lower cost products we expect these competitive conditions to negatively impact our gross margin and operating results in the foreseeable future.
Semiconductor equipment is subject to rapid technological change, product introductions and
transitions may result in inventory write-offs and our new product development involves numerous
risks and uncertainties.
Semiconductor equipment and processes are subject to rapid technological change. We believe that our future success will depend in part on our ability to enhance existing products and develop new products with improved performance capabilities. We expect to continue to invest heavily in research and development and must manage product transitions successfully, as introductions of new products, including the products obtained in our acquisitions, may adversely impact sales and/or margins of existing products. In
Semiconductor equipment and processes are subject to rapid technological change. We believe that our future success will depend in part on our ability to enhance existing products and develop new products with improved performance capabilities. We expect to continue to invest heavily in research and development and must manage product transitions successfully, as introductions of new products, including the products obtained in our acquisitions, may adversely impact sales and/or margins of existing products. In
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addition, the introduction of new
products by us or by our competitors, the concentration of our revenues in a limited number of
large customers, the migration to new semiconductor testing methodologies and the custom nature of
our inventory parts increases the risk that our established products and related inventory may
become obsolete, resulting in significant excess and obsolete inventory exposure. This increased
exposure resulted in significant charges to operations during each of the years in the three-year
period ended December 27, 2008. Future inventory write-offs and increased inventory reserve
requirements could have a material adverse impact on our results of operations and financial
condition.
The design, development, commercial introduction and manufacture of new semiconductor equipment is
an inherently complex process that involves a number of risks and uncertainties. These risks
include potential problems in meeting customer acceptance and performance requirements, integration
of the equipment with other suppliers’ equipment and the customers’ manufacturing processes,
transitioning from product development to volume manufacturing and the ability of the equipment to
satisfy the semiconductor industry’s constantly evolving needs and achieve commercial acceptance at
prices that produce satisfactory profit margins. The design and development of new semiconductor
equipment is heavily influenced by changes in integrated circuit assembly, test and final
manufacturing processes and integrated circuit package design changes. We believe that the rate of
change in such processes and integrated circuit packages is accelerating. As a result of these
changes and other factors, assessing the market potential and commercial viability of handling and
burn-in test equipment is extremely difficult and subject to a great deal of risk. In addition,
not all integrated circuit manufacturers employ the same manufacturing processes. Differences in
such processes make it difficult to design standard test products that are capable of achieving
broad market acceptance. As a result, we might not accurately assess the semiconductor industry’s
future equipment requirements and fail to design and develop products that meet such requirements
and achieve market acceptance. Failure to accurately assess customer requirements and market
trends for new semiconductor test products may have a material adverse impact on our operations,
financial condition and results of operations.
The transition from product development to the manufacture of new semiconductor equipment is a
difficult process and delays in product introductions and problems in manufacturing such equipment
are common. We have in the past and may in the future experience difficulties in manufacturing and
volume production of our new equipment. In addition, as is common with semiconductor equipment,
our after sale support and warranty costs have typically been significantly higher with new
products than with our established products. Future technologies, processes and product
developments may render our current or future product offerings obsolete and we might not be able
to develop, introduce and successfully manufacture new products or make enhancements to our
existing products in a timely manner to satisfy customer requirements or achieve market acceptance.
Furthermore, we might not realize acceptable profit margins on such products.
If we cannot continue to develop, manufacture and market products and services that meet customer
requirements for innovation and quality, our revenue and gross margin may suffer.
The process of developing new high technology products and services and enhancing existing products and services is complex, costly and uncertain, and any failure by us to anticipate customers’ changing needs and emerging technological trends accurately could significantly harm our market share and results of operations. In addition, in the course of conducting our business, we must adequately address quality issues associated with our products and services, including defects in our engineering, design and manufacturing processes, as well as defects in third-party components included in our products. In order to address quality issues, we work extensively with our customers and suppliers and engage in product testing to determine the cause of quality problems and to determine appropriate solutions. Finding solutions to quality issues can be expensive and may result in additional warranty, replacement and other costs, adversely affecting our profits. In addition, quality issues can impair our relationships with new or existing customers and adversely affect our reputation, which could lead to a material adverse effect on our operating results.
The process of developing new high technology products and services and enhancing existing products and services is complex, costly and uncertain, and any failure by us to anticipate customers’ changing needs and emerging technological trends accurately could significantly harm our market share and results of operations. In addition, in the course of conducting our business, we must adequately address quality issues associated with our products and services, including defects in our engineering, design and manufacturing processes, as well as defects in third-party components included in our products. In order to address quality issues, we work extensively with our customers and suppliers and engage in product testing to determine the cause of quality problems and to determine appropriate solutions. Finding solutions to quality issues can be expensive and may result in additional warranty, replacement and other costs, adversely affecting our profits. In addition, quality issues can impair our relationships with new or existing customers and adversely affect our reputation, which could lead to a material adverse effect on our operating results.
We utilize contract manufacturers and changes to those relationships, expected or unexpected, may
result in delays or disruptions that could cause us to lose revenue and damage our customer
relationships.
Our reliance on contract manufacturers gives us less control over the manufacturing process and exposes us to significant risks, including limited control over capacity, late delivery, quality and costs. In addition, it is time consuming and costly to qualify and implement additional contract manufacturer relationships. Therefore, if we should fail to effectively manage our contract manufacturer relationships or if one or more of them should experience delays, disruptions or quality control problems in our manufacturing operations, or if we had to change or add additional contract manufacturers or contract manufacturing sites, our ability to ship products to our
Our reliance on contract manufacturers gives us less control over the manufacturing process and exposes us to significant risks, including limited control over capacity, late delivery, quality and costs. In addition, it is time consuming and costly to qualify and implement additional contract manufacturer relationships. Therefore, if we should fail to effectively manage our contract manufacturer relationships or if one or more of them should experience delays, disruptions or quality control problems in our manufacturing operations, or if we had to change or add additional contract manufacturers or contract manufacturing sites, our ability to ship products to our
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customers could be delayed. Also, the addition of manufacturing locations or contract
manufacturers may increase the complexity of our supply chain management. We cannot be certain that
existing or future contract manufacturers will be able to manufacture our products on a timely and
cost-effective basis, or to our quality and performance specifications. If our contract
manufacturers are unable to meet our manufacturing requirements in a timely manner, our ability to
ship products and to realize the related revenues when anticipated could be materially affected.
We have taken remedial measures to address slowdowns in the semiconductor equipment industry that
may affect our ability to be competitive.
In response to the weak business conditions in the back-end semiconductor equipment industry, we have recently taken actions to reduce costs and conserve cash, including headcount reductions, pay cuts, suspension of matching contribution to our 401(k) plan, reduced work hours and mandatory time off. Each of these measures could have long-term effects on our business by reducing our pool of technical talent, decreasing or slowing improvements in our products and making it more difficult for us to respond to our customer’s needs.
In response to the weak business conditions in the back-end semiconductor equipment industry, we have recently taken actions to reduce costs and conserve cash, including headcount reductions, pay cuts, suspension of matching contribution to our 401(k) plan, reduced work hours and mandatory time off. Each of these measures could have long-term effects on our business by reducing our pool of technical talent, decreasing or slowing improvements in our products and making it more difficult for us to respond to our customer’s needs.
Our backlog is limited and may not accurately reflect future business activity.
Our order backlog has historically represented approximately three months of business, however, at times it has been significantly in excess of revenue recognized in the following quarter. Due to the possibility of customer changes in delivery schedules, cancellation of orders, potential delays in product shipments, difficulties in obtaining inventory parts from suppliers, failure to satisfy customer acceptance requirements and the inability to recognize revenue under accounting requirements, our backlog at any point in time may not be representative of sales in any future period. Furthermore, many orders are subject to cancellation or rescheduling by the customer with limited or no penalty. A reduction in backlog during any particular period could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, our backlog at December 27, 2008, may not be a reliable indicator of revenues in future periods due to delayed delivery dates or customer requested changes to delivery schedules, order cancellations and delays in recognizing revenue due to accounting requirements.
Our order backlog has historically represented approximately three months of business, however, at times it has been significantly in excess of revenue recognized in the following quarter. Due to the possibility of customer changes in delivery schedules, cancellation of orders, potential delays in product shipments, difficulties in obtaining inventory parts from suppliers, failure to satisfy customer acceptance requirements and the inability to recognize revenue under accounting requirements, our backlog at any point in time may not be representative of sales in any future period. Furthermore, many orders are subject to cancellation or rescheduling by the customer with limited or no penalty. A reduction in backlog during any particular period could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. In addition, our backlog at December 27, 2008, may not be a reliable indicator of revenues in future periods due to delayed delivery dates or customer requested changes to delivery schedules, order cancellations and delays in recognizing revenue due to accounting requirements.
The cyclical nature of the semiconductor equipment industry places enormous demands on our
employees, operations and infrastructure.
The semiconductor equipment industry is characterized by dramatic and sometimes volatile changes in demand for its products. Changes in product demand result from a number of factors including the semiconductor industry’s continually changing and unpredictable capacity requirements and changes in integrated circuit design and packaging. Sudden changes in demand for semiconductor equipment have a significant impact on our operations. Typically, we reduce and increase our workforce, particularly in manufacturing, based on customer demand for our products. These changes in workforce levels place enormous demands on our employees, operations and infrastructure since newly hired personnel rarely possess the expertise and level of experience of current employees. Additionally, these transitions divert management time and attention from other activities and adversely impact employee morale. We have in the past and may in the future experience difficulties, particularly in manufacturing, in training and recruiting the large number of additions to our workforce. The volatility in headcount and business levels, combined with the cyclical nature of the semiconductor industry, may require that we invest substantial amounts in new operational and financial systems, procedures and controls. We may not be able to successfully adjust our systems, facilities and production capacity to meet our customers’ changing requirements. The inability to meet such requirements will have an adverse impact on our business, financial position and results of operations.
The semiconductor equipment industry is characterized by dramatic and sometimes volatile changes in demand for its products. Changes in product demand result from a number of factors including the semiconductor industry’s continually changing and unpredictable capacity requirements and changes in integrated circuit design and packaging. Sudden changes in demand for semiconductor equipment have a significant impact on our operations. Typically, we reduce and increase our workforce, particularly in manufacturing, based on customer demand for our products. These changes in workforce levels place enormous demands on our employees, operations and infrastructure since newly hired personnel rarely possess the expertise and level of experience of current employees. Additionally, these transitions divert management time and attention from other activities and adversely impact employee morale. We have in the past and may in the future experience difficulties, particularly in manufacturing, in training and recruiting the large number of additions to our workforce. The volatility in headcount and business levels, combined with the cyclical nature of the semiconductor industry, may require that we invest substantial amounts in new operational and financial systems, procedures and controls. We may not be able to successfully adjust our systems, facilities and production capacity to meet our customers’ changing requirements. The inability to meet such requirements will have an adverse impact on our business, financial position and results of operations.
We do not participate in the DRAM test handler market.
Pick-and-place handlers used in DRAM applications account for a significant portion of the worldwide test handler market. We do not participate in the DRAM market segment; therefore our total available sales market is limited.
Pick-and-place handlers used in DRAM applications account for a significant portion of the worldwide test handler market. We do not participate in the DRAM market segment; therefore our total available sales market is limited.
We are exposed to the risks of operating a global business.
We are a global corporation with offices and subsidiaries in certain foreign locations to support our sales and services to the global semiconductor industry and, as such, we face risks in doing business abroad that we do not face domestically. Certain aspects inherent in transacting business internationally could negatively impact our operating results, including:
We are a global corporation with offices and subsidiaries in certain foreign locations to support our sales and services to the global semiconductor industry and, as such, we face risks in doing business abroad that we do not face domestically. Certain aspects inherent in transacting business internationally could negatively impact our operating results, including:
| • | costs and difficulties in staffing and managing international operations; | ||
| • | unexpected changes in regulatory requirements; | ||
| • | difficulties in enforcing contractual and intellectual property rights; |
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| • | longer payment cycles; | ||
| • | local political and economic conditions; | ||
| • | potentially adverse tax consequences, including restrictions on repatriating earnings and the threat of “double taxation”; and | ||
| • | fluctuations in currency exchange rates, which can affect demand and increase our costs. |
Additionally, managing geographically dispersed operations presents difficult challenges associated
with organizational alignment and infrastructure, communications and information technology,
inventory control, customer relationship management, terrorist threats and related security matters
and cultural diversities. If we are unsuccessful in managing such operations effectively, our
business and results of operations will be adversely affected.
Compliance with regulations may impact sales to foreign customers.
Certain products and services that we offer require compliance with United States export and other regulations. Compliance with complex U.S. laws and regulations that apply to our international sales activities increases our cost of doing business in international jurisdictions and could expose us or our employees to fines and penalties. These laws and regulations include import and export requirements and U.S. laws such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and local laws prohibiting corrupt payments to governmental officials. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines, criminal sanctions against us, our officers or our employees, prohibitions on the conduct of our business and damage to our reputation. Although we have implemented policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with these laws, there can be no assurance that our employees, contractors or agents will not violate our policies, or that our policies will be effective in preventing all potential violations. Any such violations could include prohibitions on our ability to offer our products and services to one or more countries, and could also materially damage our reputation, our brand, our international expansion efforts, our ability to attract and retain employees, our business and our operating results. Further, defending against claims of violations of these laws and regulations, even if we are successful, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation, divert management’s attention and resources and cause us to incur significant expenses.
Certain products and services that we offer require compliance with United States export and other regulations. Compliance with complex U.S. laws and regulations that apply to our international sales activities increases our cost of doing business in international jurisdictions and could expose us or our employees to fines and penalties. These laws and regulations include import and export requirements and U.S. laws such as the Foreign Corrupt Practices Act, and local laws prohibiting corrupt payments to governmental officials. Violations of these laws and regulations could result in fines, criminal sanctions against us, our officers or our employees, prohibitions on the conduct of our business and damage to our reputation. Although we have implemented policies and procedures designed to ensure compliance with these laws, there can be no assurance that our employees, contractors or agents will not violate our policies, or that our policies will be effective in preventing all potential violations. Any such violations could include prohibitions on our ability to offer our products and services to one or more countries, and could also materially damage our reputation, our brand, our international expansion efforts, our ability to attract and retain employees, our business and our operating results. Further, defending against claims of violations of these laws and regulations, even if we are successful, could be time-consuming, result in costly litigation, divert management’s attention and resources and cause us to incur significant expenses.
Failure of critical suppliers to deliver sufficient quantities of parts in a timely and
cost-effective manner could adversely impact our operations.
We use numerous vendors to supply parts, components and subassemblies for the manufacture of our products. It is not always possible to maintain multiple qualified suppliers for all of our parts, components and subassemblies. As a result, certain key parts may be available only from a single supplier or a limited number of suppliers. In addition, suppliers may cease manufacturing certain components that are difficult to replace without significant reengineering of our products. On occasion, we have experienced problems in obtaining adequate and reliable quantities of various parts and components from certain key suppliers. Our results of operations may be materially and adversely impacted if we do not receive sufficient parts to meet our requirements in a timely and cost effective manner.
We use numerous vendors to supply parts, components and subassemblies for the manufacture of our products. It is not always possible to maintain multiple qualified suppliers for all of our parts, components and subassemblies. As a result, certain key parts may be available only from a single supplier or a limited number of suppliers. In addition, suppliers may cease manufacturing certain components that are difficult to replace without significant reengineering of our products. On occasion, we have experienced problems in obtaining adequate and reliable quantities of various parts and components from certain key suppliers. Our results of operations may be materially and adversely impacted if we do not receive sufficient parts to meet our requirements in a timely and cost effective manner.
We cannot provide assurance that we will continue to declare dividends at all or in any particular
amounts.
We intend to continue to pay quarterly dividends subject to capital availability and periodic determinations by our Board of Directors that cash dividends are in the best interests of our stockholders. Our dividend policy may be affected by, among other items, our views on potential future capital requirements, including those related to research and development, creation and expansion of sales distribution channels, investments and acquisitions, legal risks and stock repurchases.
We intend to continue to pay quarterly dividends subject to capital availability and periodic determinations by our Board of Directors that cash dividends are in the best interests of our stockholders. Our dividend policy may be affected by, among other items, our views on potential future capital requirements, including those related to research and development, creation and expansion of sales distribution channels, investments and acquisitions, legal risks and stock repurchases.
Third parties may violate our proprietary rights or accuse us of infringing upon their proprietary
rights.
We rely on patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws to establish and maintain proprietary rights in our technology and products. Any of our proprietary rights may expire due to patent life, or be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. In addition, from time to time, we receive notices from third parties regarding patent or copyright claims. Any such claims, with or without merit, could be time-consuming to defend, result in costly litigation, divert management’s attention and resources and cause us to incur significant expenses. In the event of a successful claim of infringement against us and our failure or inability to license the infringed technology or to substitute similar non-infringing technology, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
We rely on patent, copyright, trademark and trade secret laws to establish and maintain proprietary rights in our technology and products. Any of our proprietary rights may expire due to patent life, or be challenged, invalidated or circumvented. In addition, from time to time, we receive notices from third parties regarding patent or copyright claims. Any such claims, with or without merit, could be time-consuming to defend, result in costly litigation, divert management’s attention and resources and cause us to incur significant expenses. In the event of a successful claim of infringement against us and our failure or inability to license the infringed technology or to substitute similar non-infringing technology, our business, financial condition and results of operations could be adversely affected.
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A majority of our revenues are generated from exports to foreign countries, primarily in Asia, that
are subject to economic and political instability and we compete against a number of Asian test
handling equipment suppliers.
During the year ended December 27, 2008, 64.6% of our total net sales were exported to foreign countries, including 72.0% of the sales in the semiconductor equipment segment. The majority of our export sales are made to destinations in Asia. Political or economic instability, particularly in Asia, may adversely impact the demand for capital equipment, including equipment of the type we manufacture and market. In addition, we face intense competition from a number of Asian suppliers that have certain advantages over U.S. suppliers, including us. These advantages include, among other things, proximity to customers, favorable tariffs and affiliation with significantly larger organizations. In addition, changes in the amount or price of semiconductors produced in Asia could impact the profitability or capital equipment spending programs of our foreign and domestic customers.
During the year ended December 27, 2008, 64.6% of our total net sales were exported to foreign countries, including 72.0% of the sales in the semiconductor equipment segment. The majority of our export sales are made to destinations in Asia. Political or economic instability, particularly in Asia, may adversely impact the demand for capital equipment, including equipment of the type we manufacture and market. In addition, we face intense competition from a number of Asian suppliers that have certain advantages over U.S. suppliers, including us. These advantages include, among other things, proximity to customers, favorable tariffs and affiliation with significantly larger organizations. In addition, changes in the amount or price of semiconductors produced in Asia could impact the profitability or capital equipment spending programs of our foreign and domestic customers.
The loss of key personnel could adversely impact our business.
Certain key personnel are critical to our business. Our future operating results depend substantially upon the continued service of our key personnel, many of whom are not bound by employment or non-competition agreements. Our future operating results also depend in significant part upon our ability to attract and retain qualified management, manufacturing, technical, engineering, marketing, sales and support personnel. Competition for qualified personnel, particularly those with technical skills, is intense, and we cannot ensure success in attracting or retaining qualified personnel. In addition, the cost of living in the San Diego, California area, where the majority of our personnel are located, is very high and we have had difficulty in recruiting prospective employees from other locations. There may be only a limited number of persons with the requisite skills and relevant industry experience to serve in these positions and it may become increasingly difficult for us to hire personnel over time. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected by the loss of any of our key employees, by the failure of any key employee to perform in his or her current position, or by our inability to attract and retain skilled employees.
Certain key personnel are critical to our business. Our future operating results depend substantially upon the continued service of our key personnel, many of whom are not bound by employment or non-competition agreements. Our future operating results also depend in significant part upon our ability to attract and retain qualified management, manufacturing, technical, engineering, marketing, sales and support personnel. Competition for qualified personnel, particularly those with technical skills, is intense, and we cannot ensure success in attracting or retaining qualified personnel. In addition, the cost of living in the San Diego, California area, where the majority of our personnel are located, is very high and we have had difficulty in recruiting prospective employees from other locations. There may be only a limited number of persons with the requisite skills and relevant industry experience to serve in these positions and it may become increasingly difficult for us to hire personnel over time. Our business, financial condition and results of operations could be materially adversely affected by the loss of any of our key employees, by the failure of any key employee to perform in his or her current position, or by our inability to attract and retain skilled employees.
Our non-semiconductor equipment businesses have generated losses or minimal profits.
We develop, manufacture and sell products used in closed circuit television and microwave communications applications. These products are sold in highly competitive markets and many competitors are segments of large, diversified companies with substantially greater financial, engineering, marketing, manufacturing and customer support capabilities than Cohu. In addition, there are smaller companies that provide or may provide innovative technology in products that may compete favorably against our own products. We have seen a significant decline in the operating results of our television camera business over the last several years with increasing losses and the future prospects of this business remain uncertain. We may not be able to continue to compete successfully in these businesses.
We develop, manufacture and sell products used in closed circuit television and microwave communications applications. These products are sold in highly competitive markets and many competitors are segments of large, diversified companies with substantially greater financial, engineering, marketing, manufacturing and customer support capabilities than Cohu. In addition, there are smaller companies that provide or may provide innovative technology in products that may compete favorably against our own products. We have seen a significant decline in the operating results of our television camera business over the last several years with increasing losses and the future prospects of this business remain uncertain. We may not be able to continue to compete successfully in these businesses.
New accounting and tax rules will impact our future operating results.
A change in accounting standards or a change in existing taxation rules can have a significant effect on our reported results. New accounting pronouncements and taxation rules and varying interpretations of accounting pronouncements have occurred and may occur in the future. These new accounting pronouncements and taxation rules may adversely affect our reported financial results or the way we conduct our business.
A change in accounting standards or a change in existing taxation rules can have a significant effect on our reported results. New accounting pronouncements and taxation rules and varying interpretations of accounting pronouncements have occurred and may occur in the future. These new accounting pronouncements and taxation rules may adversely affect our reported financial results or the way we conduct our business.
Our financial and operating results may vary and may fall below analysts’ estimates, which may
cause the price of our common stock to decline.
Our operating results may fluctuate from quarter to quarter due to a variety of factors including, but not limited to:
Our operating results may fluctuate from quarter to quarter due to a variety of factors including, but not limited to:
| • | timing and amount of orders from customers and shipments to customers; | ||
| • | inability to recognize revenue due to accounting requirements; | ||
| • | inventory writedowns; | ||
| • | inability to deliver solutions as expected by our customers; and | ||
| • | intangible and deferred tax asset writedowns. |
Due to these factors or other unanticipated events, quarter-to-quarter comparisons of our operating
results may not be reliable indicators of our future performance. In addition, from time to time
our quarterly financial results may fall below the expectations of the securities and industry
analysts who publish reports on our company or of investors in general. This could cause the
market price of our stock to decline, perhaps significantly.
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We have experienced significant volatility in our stock price.
A variety of factors may cause the price of our stock to be volatile. In recent years, the stock market in general, and the market for shares of high-technology companies in particular, including ours, have experienced extreme price fluctuations, which have often been unrelated to the operating performance of affected companies. During the last three years the price of our common stock has ranged from $9.13 to $29.48. The price of our stock may be more volatile than the stock of other companies due to, among other factors, the unpredictable and cyclical nature of the semiconductor industry, our significant customer concentration, intense competition in the test handler industry, our limited backlog making earnings predictability difficult and our relatively low daily stock trading volume. The market price of our common stock is likely to continue to fluctuate significantly in the future, including fluctuations related and unrelated to our performance.
A variety of factors may cause the price of our stock to be volatile. In recent years, the stock market in general, and the market for shares of high-technology companies in particular, including ours, have experienced extreme price fluctuations, which have often been unrelated to the operating performance of affected companies. During the last three years the price of our common stock has ranged from $9.13 to $29.48. The price of our stock may be more volatile than the stock of other companies due to, among other factors, the unpredictable and cyclical nature of the semiconductor industry, our significant customer concentration, intense competition in the test handler industry, our limited backlog making earnings predictability difficult and our relatively low daily stock trading volume. The market price of our common stock is likely to continue to fluctuate significantly in the future, including fluctuations related and unrelated to our performance.
The occurrence of natural disasters in Asia and geopolitical instability caused by terrorist
attacks and threats may adversely impact our operations and sales.
Our Asian sales and service headquarters is located in Singapore and the majority of our sales are made to destinations in Asia. In addition, we have an operation in the Philippines that fabricates certain component parts used in our products. These regions are known for being vulnerable to natural disasters and other risks, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, fires, floods and Avian (bird) flu, which at times have disrupted the local economies. A significant earthquake, tsunami or other geological event could materially affect our operating results. We are not insured for most losses and business interruptions of this kind, and do not presently have redundant, multiple site capacity in the event of a natural disaster. In the event of such disaster, our business would suffer.
Our Asian sales and service headquarters is located in Singapore and the majority of our sales are made to destinations in Asia. In addition, we have an operation in the Philippines that fabricates certain component parts used in our products. These regions are known for being vulnerable to natural disasters and other risks, such as earthquakes, tsunamis, fires, floods and Avian (bird) flu, which at times have disrupted the local economies. A significant earthquake, tsunami or other geological event could materially affect our operating results. We are not insured for most losses and business interruptions of this kind, and do not presently have redundant, multiple site capacity in the event of a natural disaster. In the event of such disaster, our business would suffer.
Item 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments.
None.
Item 2. Properties.
Certain information concerning our principal properties at December 27, 2008, identified by
business segment is set forth below:
| Approximate | ||||||||
| Location | Sq. Footage | Ownership | ||||||
Poway, California (1) (2) (3) (4) |
338,000 | Owned | ||||||
Chandler, Arizona (1) |
10,000 | Owned | ||||||
Tyngsborough, Massachusetts (1) |
6,000 | Leased | ||||||
Singapore (1) |
13,000 | Leased | ||||||
Calamba City, Laguna, Philippines (1) |
27,000 | Leased | ||||||
Heidenrod — Kemel, Germany (3) |
5,000 | Leased | ||||||
Kolbermoor, Germany (1) |
40,000 | Owned | ||||||
| (1) | Semiconductor equipment | |
| (2) | Television cameras | |
| (3) | Microwave Communications | |
| (4) | Cohu Corporate offices |
In addition to the locations listed above, we lease other properties primarily for sales and
service offices in various locations including Austin, Texas, San Jose, California, and Taipei,
Taiwan. We believe our facilities are suitable for their respective uses and are adequate for our
present needs.
Item 3. Legal Proceedings.
We previously disclosed that in May, 2007 our Broadcast Microwave Services subsidiary received a
subpoena from a grand jury seated in the Southern District of California, requesting the production
of certain documents related to BMS’ export of microwave communications equipment. BMS completed
production of documents responsive to the request in September 2007 and has fully cooperated. BMS
has not been informed that it is a target of an investigation. As of the date of this report, it is
premature to assess whether this matter will have any impact on the BMS business or results of
operations.
In addition to the above matter, from time-to-time we are involved in various legal proceedings,
examinations by various tax authorities and claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of our
businesses. Although the outcome of such legal proceedings, claims and examinations cannot be
predicted with certainty, we do not believe any such matters exist at this time that will have a
material adverse effect on our financial position or results of our operations.
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Item 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders.
None.
PART II
| Item 5. | Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities. |
(a) Market Information
Cohu, Inc. stock is traded on the NASDAQ Global Select Market under the symbol “COHU”.
The following table sets forth the high and low sales prices as reported on the NASDAQ Global
Select Market during the last two years.
| 2008 | 2007 | |||||||||||||||
| High | Low | High | Low | |||||||||||||
First Quarter |
$ | 20.52 | $ | 13.27 | $ | 20.90 | $ | 18.11 | ||||||||
Second Quarter |
$ | 18.90 | $ | 16.13 | $ | 23.01 | $ | 18.51 | ||||||||
Third Quarter |
$ | 19.10 | $ | 14.31 | $ | 23.70 | $ | 17.79 | ||||||||
Fourth Quarter |
$ | 16.65 | $ | 9.13 | $ | 20.75 | $ | 14.11 | ||||||||
Holders
At February 10, 2009, Cohu had 715 stockholders of record.
Dividends
We have paid consecutive quarterly dividends since 1977 and expect to continue doing so. The
declaration and payment of future dividends are subject to the discretion of our Board of Directors
and availability of cash resources. Cash dividends, per share, declared in 2007 and 2008 were as
follows:
| Fiscal 2007 | ||||
First quarter |
$ | 0.06 | ||
Second quarter |
0.06 | |||
Third quarter |
0.06 | |||
Fourth quarter |
0.06 | |||
Total |
$ | 0.24 | ||
| Fiscal 2008 | ||||
First quarter |
$ | 0.06 | ||
Second quarter |
0.06 | |||
Third quarter |
0.06 | |||
Fourth quarter |
0.06 | |||
Total |
$ | 0.24 | ||
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Equity Compensation Plan Information
The following table summarizes information with respect to equity awards under Cohu’s equity
compensation plans at December 27, 2008:
| Number of securities | ||||||||||||
| Number of securities | available for future | |||||||||||
| to be issued upon | Weighted average | issuance under equity | ||||||||||
| exercise of | exercise price of | compensation plans | ||||||||||
| outstanding | outstanding options, | (excluding securities | ||||||||||
| options, warrants and | warrants and rights | reflected in column (a)) | ||||||||||
| Plan category | rights (a) (1) | (b) (2) | (c) | |||||||||
| (In thousands, except per share amounts) | ||||||||||||
Equity compensation plans
approved by security holders |
2,446 | $ | 15.91 | 1,570 | (3) | |||||||
Equity compensation plans not
approved by security holders |
— | — | — | |||||||||
| 2,446 | $ | 15.91 | 1,570 | |||||||||
| (1) | Includes options and restricted stock units (RSUs) outstanding under Cohu’s equity incentive plans, as no stock warrants or other rights were outstanding as of December 27, 2008. | |
| (2) | The weighted average exercise price of outstanding options, warrants and rights does not take RSUs into account as RSUs have a de minimus purchase price. | |
| (3) | Includes 506,567 shares of common stock reserved for future issuance under the Cohu 1997 Employee Stock Purchase Plan. |
For further details regarding Cohu’s equity compensation plans, see Note 5 of Notes to Consolidated
Financial Statements included in Part IV.
Comparative Stock Performance Graph
The information contained in this Stock Performance Graph section shall not be deemed to be
“soliciting material” or “filed” with the SEC or subject to the liabilities of Section 18 of the
Exchange Act except to the extent that Cohu specifically incorporates it by reference into a
document filed under the Securities Act or the Exchange Act.
The graph below compares the cumulative total stockholder return on the common stock of Cohu for
the last five fiscal years with the cumulative total return on a Peer Group Index and a NASDAQ
Market Index over the same period (assuming the investment of $100 in Cohu’s common stock, Peer
Group Index and NASDAQ Market Index on December 31, 2003 and reinvestment of all dividends). The
Peer Group Index set forth on the Performance Graph is the index for Hemscott, Inc., Industry Group
834 “Semiconductor Equipment/Material”. Industry Group 834 is comprised of approximately 45
publicly-held semiconductor equipment and other related companies. Historical stock price
performance is not necessarily indicative of future stock price performance.
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| 2003 | 2004 | 2005 | 2006 | 2007 | 2008 | |||||||||||||||||||
Cohu, Inc. |
$ | 100 | $ | 98 | $ | 122 | $ | 109 | $ | 84 | $ | 68 | ||||||||||||
Peer Group |
$ | 100 | $ | 78 | $ | 83 | $ | 93 | $ | 88 | $ | 47 | ||||||||||||
Nasdaq |
$ | 100 | $ | 108 | $ | 111 | $ | 122 | $ | 134 | $ | 79 | ||||||||||||
Item 6. Selected Financial Data.
The following selected financial data should be read in conjunction with Cohu’s Consolidated
Financial Statements and Notes thereto included in Item 15 and with Management’s Discussion and
Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations, included in Item 7. As a result of the
divestiture of FRL, we are reporting FRL as a discontinued operation for all periods presented.
See Note 2 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements for further discussion of the sale of
FRL. In December, 2008, we purchased Rasco. The results of Rasco’s operations have been included
in our consolidated financial statements since that date. In March, 2007, we purchased Tandberg
Television AVS GmbH (“AVS”). The results of AVS’ operations have been included in our consolidated
financial statements since that date. In March, 2006, we purchased certain intellectual property,
fixed assets, inventory and a customer contract of Unisys’ Unigen operation. The results of
Unigen’s operations have been included in our consolidated financial statements since that date.
| Years Ended, | Dec. 27 | Dec. 29 | Dec. 30 | Dec. 31 | Dec. 31 | |||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except per share data) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | 2005 | 2004 | |||||||||||||||
Consolidated Statement of Operations Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net sales |
$ | 199,659 | $ | 241,389 | $ | 270,106 | $ | 231,382 | $ | 169,913 | ||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations (1) |
$ | (5,443 | ) | $ | 8,021 | $ | 18,626 | $ | 34,255 | $ | 17,238 | |||||||||
Net income (loss) (1) |
$ | (5,443 | ) | $ | 7,978 | $ | 17,681 | $ | 33,974 | $ | 16,703 | |||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations per
common share — basic |
$ | (0.23 | ) | $ | 0.35 | $ | 0.82 | $ | 1.56 | $ | 0.80 | |||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations per
common share — diluted |
$ | (0.23 | ) | $ | 0.34 | $ | 0.81 | $ | 1.51 | $ | 0.78 | |||||||||
Net income (loss) per common share — basic |
$ | (0.23 | ) | $ | 0.35 | $ | 0.78 | $ | 1.55 | $ | 0.78 | |||||||||
Net income (loss) per common share —
diluted |
$ | (0.23 | ) | $ | 0.34 | $ | 0.77 | $ | 1.50 | $ | 0.76 | |||||||||
Cash dividends per share, paid quarterly |
$ | 0.24 | $ | 0.24 | $ | 0.24 | $ | 0.22 | $ | 0.20 | ||||||||||
Consolidated Balance Sheet Data: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Total consolidated assets |
$ | 344,169 | $ | 340,379 | $ | 326,339 | $ | 306,977 | $ | 250,768 | ||||||||||
Working Capital |
$ | 155,589 | $ | 234,345 | $ | 225,520 | $ | 206,295 | $ | 174,493 | ||||||||||
| (1) | On January 1, 2006, we adopted the provisions of FASB Statement No. 123R which requires the measurement and recognition of all share-based compensation under the fair value method. Total share-based compensation recorded in the years ended December 27, 2008, December 29, 2007 and December 30, 2006 under FASB Statement No. 123R was approximately $3.9 million, $4.1 million and $3.6 million, respectively. No share-based compensation expense was recorded in the years ended December 31, 2004 and 2005. |
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Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.
OVERVIEW
Our primary business activity involves the development, manufacture, marketing, sale and servicing
of test handling and burn-in related equipment and thermal sub-systems for the global semiconductor
industry. This business is significantly dependent on capital expenditures by semiconductor
manufacturers and test subcontractors, which in turn are dependent on the current and anticipated
market demand for semiconductors that are subject to significant cyclical trends in demand. Like
other companies in the backend semiconductor equipment industry, our primary business has been
severely impacted by the global economic crisis. Consumer and business confidence has decreased
dramatically, resulting in lower sales of electronic products and sharply reduced demand for
semiconductors and semiconductor equipment. We expect that the semiconductor equipment industry
will continue to be cyclical and volatile in part because consumer electronics, rather than
personal computers, are now the principal end market for integrated circuits. Demand for consumer
electronic products is difficult to accurately predict and product life cycles are becoming
shorter. Integrated circuit manufacturers are unwilling to absorb the carrying costs of excess
capacity, and as a result, delay placing large orders with equipment suppliers until business
conditions are favorable. Changes in the semiconductor, electronics, computer and
telecommunications industries, as well as rapidly shifting global economic conditions, have had and
will continue to have a significant impact on the results of operations of our primary business.
Conditions in the semiconductor equipment industry were difficult during fiscal 2008. This already
challenging environment for semiconductor equipment has been further impacted by the global
economic crisis. Customers for backend semiconductor equipment have suspended capital spending for
new equipment and reduced purchases of spares and non-essentials. Current visibility in the backend
semiconductor industry is limited and we expect business conditions to remain difficult, at least
for the next several quarters. Through this downturn, we plan to continue to invest in new product
development and key initiatives to improve gross margin and operating performance that will benefit
the results of operations of our primary business when industry conditions improve. In response to
these weak business conditions, we have taken actions to reduce costs and conserve cash, including
headcount reductions, pay cuts, suspension of the company’s matching contribution to our 401(k)
plan, reduced work hours and mandatory time off.
On December 9, 2008 we completed the acquisition of Rasco. Through this acquisition we combine
Delta, a leading supplier of logic pick and place IC test handlers with Rasco, a leading supplier
of gravity feed handlers. This expands our semiconductor test handling product line total available
market, extends our market leadership in IC test, expands our customer base, broadens our product
and technology offerings and further strengthens our global sales and service network.
Our operating results in the last three years have been impacted by charges to cost of sales
related to excess, obsolete and lower of cost or market inventory issues. These charges totaled
approximately $20.8 million during the three-year period ended December 27, 2008 (approximately
$6.2 million in the year ended December 27, 2008) and were primarily the result of decreases in
customer forecasts, competitive conditions in the test handler industry and, to a lesser extent,
changes in our sales product mix. Exposure related to inventories is common in the semiconductor
equipment industry due to the narrow customer base, the custom nature of the products and
inventory and the shortened product life cycles caused by rapid changes in semiconductor
manufacturing technology. Increased competition, particularly in the last several years, has also
negatively impacted our gross margins on certain products and we believe it is likely these
conditions will exist for the foreseeable future.
Our non-semiconductor equipment businesses have comprised approximately 18% of our consolidated
revenues during the last three years and have not seen the same drop-off in business as our
semiconductor equipment business. Customers in our microwave communications and television camera
business are primarily government and military in nature and the buying cycles are typically longer
that in the commercial market place. During fiscal 2007, our television camera and microwave
communications businesses underperformed and we implemented strategies which we believed would help
improve the profitability of these businesses. These initiatives included the introduction of new
products and a strategic acquisition. During fiscal 2008 we saw improved sales, operating income
and orders within our microwave equipment operation. During 2008, BMS achieved record sales and
order backlog. While the net operating results of our television camera business have continued to
underperform during fiscal 2008, customer interest is strong for new products developed for the
high-end security and surveillance markets and we anticipate that order levels will increase in the
future.
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Our management team uses several performance metrics to manage our various businesses. These
metrics, which tend to focus on near-term forecasts due to the limited order backlog in our
businesses, include (i) order bookings and backlog for the most recently completed quarter and the
forecast for the next quarter; (ii) inventory levels and related excess exposures typically based
on the next twelve month’s forecast; (iii) gross margin and other operating expense trends; (iv)
industry data and trends noted in various publicly available sources; and (v) competitive factors
and information. Due to the short-term nature of our order backlog that historically has
represented about three months of business and the inherent volatility of the semiconductor
equipment business, our past performance is frequently not indicative of future near term operating
results or cash flows.
Application of Critical Accounting Estimates and Policies
Our discussion and analysis of our financial condition and results of operations are based upon our
consolidated financial statements, which have been prepared in accordance with accounting
principles generally accepted in the United States of America. The preparation of these financial
statements requires us to make estimates and judgments that affect the reported amounts of assets,
liabilities, revenues and expenses, and related disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities. We
base our estimates on historical experience, forecasts and on various other assumptions that are
believed to be reasonable under the circumstances, however actual results may differ from those
estimates under different assumptions or conditions. The methods, estimates and judgments we use in
applying our accounting policies have a significant impact on the results we report in our
financial statements. Some of our accounting policies require us to make difficult and subjective
judgments, often as a result of the need to make estimates of matters that are inherently
uncertain. Our most critical accounting estimates, that are more fully described in our
Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 15 of this Annual Report on Form 10-K for the
fiscal year ended December 27, 2008, that we believe are the most important to an investor’s
understanding of our financial results and condition and require complex management judgment
include:
| • | revenue recognition, including the deferral of revenue on sales to customers, which impacts our results from operations; | ||
| • | estimation of valuation allowances and accrued liabilities, specifically product warranty, inventory reserves and allowance for doubtful accounts, which impact gross margin or operating expenses; | ||
| • | the recognition and measurement of current and deferred income tax assets and liabilities and unrecognized tax benefits, which impact our tax provision; | ||
| • | the assessment of recoverability of long-lived assets, which primarily impacts gross margin or operating expenses if we are required to record impairments of assets or accelerate their depreciation; and | ||
| • | the valuation and recognition of share-based compensation, which impacts gross margin, research and development expense, and selling, general and administrative expense. |
We also have other policies that we consider key accounting policies; however, these policies
typically do not require us to make estimates or judgments that are difficult or subjective.
Share-based Compensation: On January 1, 2006, we adopted the provisions of FASB Statement No. 123
(revised 2004), “Share-based Payment”, (“Statement No. 123R”) and SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No.
107,
(“SAB No. 107”) requiring the measurement and recognition of all share-based compensation under the
fair value method. During fiscal 2006, we began recognizing share-based compensation, under
Statement No. 123R, for all awards granted in fiscal 2006 and for the unvested portion of previous
award grants based on each award’s grant date fair value. We implemented Statement No. 123R using
the modified prospective transition method. Under this transition method our financial statements
and related information presented pertaining to periods prior to our adoption of Statement No.
123R, have not been adjusted to reflect the fair value of share-based compensation expense.
We estimate the fair value of each share-based award on the grant date using the Black-Scholes
valuation model. Option valuation models, including Black-Scholes, require the input of highly
subjective assumptions, and changes in the assumptions used can materially affect the grant date
fair value of an award. These assumptions include the risk-free rate of interest, expected
dividend yield, expected volatility, and the expected life of the award. The risk-free rate of
interest is based on the U.S. Treasury rates appropriate for the expected term of the award.
Expected dividends are based primarily on historical factors related to our common stock. Expected
volatility is based on historic, weekly stock price observations of our common stock during the
period immediately preceding the share-based award grant that is equal in length to the award’s
expected term. We believe that historical volatility is the best estimate of future volatility and
utilize historical option exercise data for estimating the expected life of awards. Statement No.
123R also requires that estimated forfeitures be included as a part of the grant date estimate. We
used historical data to estimate expected employee behaviors related to option exercises and
forfeitures.
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At December 27, 2008, excluding a reduction for forfeitures, we had approximately $2.0 million and
$4.0 million of pre-tax unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options and
unvested restricted stock units which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period
of approximately 2.3 years and 2.4 years, respectively.
Revenue Recognition: We generally recognize revenue upon shipment and title passage for established
products (i.e., those that have previously satisfied customer acceptance requirements) that provide
for full payment tied to shipment. Revenue for products that have not previously satisfied
customer acceptance requirements or from sales where customer payment dates are not determinable is
recognized upon customer acceptance. For arrangements containing multiple elements, the revenue
relating to the undelivered elements is deferred at estimated fair value until delivery of the
deferred elements.
Accounts Receivable: We maintain an allowance for doubtful accounts for estimated losses resulting
from the inability of our customers to make required payments. If the financial condition of our
customers deteriorates, resulting in an impairment of their ability to make payments, additional
allowances may be required.
Warranty: We provide for the estimated costs of product warranties in the period sales are
recognized. Our warranty obligation estimates are affected by historical product shipment levels,
product performance and material and labor costs incurred in correcting product performance
problems. Should product performance, material usage or labor repair costs differ from our
estimates, revisions to the estimated warranty liability would be required.
Inventory: The valuation of inventory requires us to estimate obsolete or excess inventory as well
as inventory that is not of saleable quality. The determination of obsolete or excess inventory
requires us to estimate the future demand for our products. The demand forecast is a direct input
in the development of our short-term manufacturing plans. We record valuation reserves on our
inventory for estimated excess and obsolete inventory and lower of cost or market concerns equal to
the difference between the cost of inventory and the estimated market value based upon assumptions
about future product demand, market conditions and product selling prices. If future product
demand, market conditions or product selling prices are less than those projected by management or
if continued modifications to products are required to meet specifications or other customer
requirements, increases to inventory reserves may be required which would have a negative impact on
our gross margin.
Income Taxes: We estimate our liability for income taxes based on the various jurisdictions where
we conduct business. This requires us to estimate our (i) current tax exposure; (ii) temporary
differences that result from differing treatment of certain items for tax and accounting purposes
and (iii) unrecognized tax benefits. Temporary differences result in deferred tax assets and
liabilities that are reflected in the consolidated balance
sheet. The net deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if, based upon all
available evidence, it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not
be realized. Establishing, reducing or increasing a valuation allowance in an accounting period
results in an increase or decrease in tax expense in the statement of operations. We must make
significant judgments to determine the provision for income taxes, deferred tax assets and
liabilities, unrecognized tax benefits and any valuation allowance to be recorded against net
deferred tax assets. Our gross deferred tax asset balance as of December 27, 2008 was $27.6
million, with a valuation allowance of $4.3 million for state tax credit and loss carryforwards.
The deferred tax assets consist primarily of deductible temporary differences and tax credit and
net operating loss carryforwards.
Goodwill, Other Intangible Assets and Long-lived assets: At December 27, 2008, finite intangible
assets other than goodwill were evaluated for impairment using undiscounted cash flows expected to
result from the use of the assets as required by FASB Statement No. 144, “Accounting for the
Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets”, (“Statement No. 144”), and we concluded there was no
impairment loss.
We are required to assess goodwill impairment using the methodology prescribed by FASB Statement
No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets”, (“Statement No. 142”). Under the provisions
prescribed in Statement No. 142 we evaluate goodwill for impairment annually and if any events
occur that suggest that the carrying value may not be recoverable. Our annual testing date is
October 1. We test goodwill for impairment by first comparing the book value of net assets to the
fair value of the related operations. If the fair value is determined to be less than book value, a
second step is performed to compute the amount of impairment. We estimate fair value using
discounted cash flows of reporting units. Forecasts of future cash flow are based on our best
estimate of future net sales and operating expenses. The financial and credit market volatility
directly impacts our fair value
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measurement through our weighted average cost of capital that we
use to determine our discount rate and through our stock price that we use to determine our market
capitalization. During times of volatility, significant judgment must be applied to determine
whether credit or stock price changes are a short-term swing or a longer-term trend. We did not
recognize any goodwill impairment as a result of performing this annual test in 2008 and subsequent
to October 1, 2008, we do not believe there have been any events or circumstances that would
require us to perform an interim goodwill impairment review.
Contingencies: We are subject to certain contingencies that arise in the ordinary course of our
businesses. In accordance with FASB Statement No. 5, “Accounting for Contingencies”, (“Statement
No. 5”) we assess the likelihood that future events will confirm the existence of a loss or an
impairment of an asset. If a loss or asset impairment is probable, as defined in Statement No. 5
and the amount of the loss or impairment is reasonably estimable, we accrue a charge to operations
in the period such conditions become known.
Recent Accounting Pronouncements: In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement No. 141 (Revised
2007), “Business Combinations", (“Statement No. 141R”), which establishes principles and
requirements for the reporting entity in a business combination, including recognition and
measurement in the financial statements of the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities
assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree. This statement also establishes
disclosure requirements to enable financial statement users to evaluate the nature and financial
effects of the business combination. Statement No. 141R applies prospectively to business
combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual
reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal
years. Statement No. 141R will become effective for our fiscal year beginning in 2009. We expect
Statement No. 141R will have an impact on our consolidated financial statements when effective, but
the nature and magnitude of the specific effects will depend upon the nature, terms and size of the
acquisitions we consummate after the effective date of the revised standard.
We adopted FASB Statement No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements”, (“Statement No. 157”) on December 30,
2007, the first day of fiscal year 2008. Statement No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a
methodology for measuring fair value, and expands the required disclosure for fair value
measurements. In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. FAS 157-2, “Effective Date
of FASB Statement No. 157”, which amends Statement No. 157 by delaying its effective date by one
year for non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except for items that are recognized
or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. Therefore, beginning
on December 30, 2007, this standard applies prospectively to new fair value measurements of
financial instruments and recurring fair value measurements of non-financial assets and
non-financial liabilities. On December 28, 2008, the beginning of our 2009 fiscal year, the standard will also apply to all
other fair value measurements. See Note 13, “Fair Value Measurements”, of the notes to unaudited
condensed consolidated financial statements included elsewhere herein for additional information.
In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets
and Financial Liabilities”, (“Statement No. 159”). Statement No. 159 expands the use of fair value
measurement by permitting entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain
other items at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. This
statement is effective for us on December 30, 2007, the first day of our 2008 fiscal year. We have
not elected to measure any items at fair value under Statement No. 159 and, as a result, Statement
No. 159 did not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements.
In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated
Financial Statements—an amendment of ARB No. 51”, (“Statement No. 160”). Statement No. 160
requires that ownership interests in subsidiaries held by parties other than the parent, and the
amount of consolidated net income, be clearly identified, labeled, and presented in the
consolidated financial statements. It also requires, once a subsidiary is deconsolidated, any
retained noncontrolling equity investment in the former subsidiary be initially measured at fair
value. Sufficient disclosures are required to clearly identify and distinguish between the
interests of the parent and the interests of the noncontrolling owners. It is effective for fiscal
years beginning on or after December 15, 2008 and requires retrospective adoption of the
presentation and disclosure requirements for existing minority interests. All other requirements
shall be applied prospectively. We are currently assessing the impact that Statement No. 160 may
have on our consolidated financial statements upon adoption in fiscal year 2009.
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In March 2008, the FASB issued Statement No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and
Hedging Activities-an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133”, (“Statement No. 161”). Statement No.
161 expands the current disclosure requirements of FASB Statement No. 133, “Accounting for
Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” and requires that companies must now provide
enhanced disclosures on a quarterly basis regarding how and why the entity uses derivatives, how
derivatives and related hedged items are accounted for under FASB Statement No. 133 and how
derivatives and related hedged items affect the company’s financial position, performance and cash
flows. Statement No. 161 is effective prospectively for periods beginning after November 15, 2008.
As we do not currently enter into any derivative or hedging instruments we do not expect that
Statement No. 161 will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements upon our
adoption in fiscal year 2009.
RESULTS OF OPERATIONS
The following table summarizes certain operating data from continuing operations as a percentage of
net sales for the three-year period.
| 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||
Net sales |
100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | 100.0 | % | ||||||
Cost of sales |
(67.5 | ) | (67.4 | ) | (65.6 | ) | ||||||
Gross margin |
32.5 | 32.6 | 34.4 | |||||||||
Research and development |
(19.1 | ) | (15.9 | ) | (14.5 | ) | ||||||
Selling, general and administrative |
(18.3 | ) | (15.0 | ) | (13.7 | ) | ||||||
Acquired in-process research and
development |
(1.3 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
Gain on sale of facilities |
— | — | 1.1 | |||||||||
Income (loss) from operations |
(6.2 | )% | 1.7 | % | 7.3 | % | ||||||
In May, 2006, we sold our metal detection equipment business, FRL. Subsequent to the sale, the
operating results of FRL are being presented as discontinued operations and the consolidated
financial statements for all prior periods have been reclassified accordingly. Unless otherwise
indicated, the discussion and amounts provided in the “Results of Operations” section and elsewhere
in this Annual Report on Form 10-K relate to continuing operations only.
In December, 2008, we purchased Rasco. The results of Rasco’s operations have been included in our
consolidated financial statements since that date. As required by FASB Interpretation No. 4,
"Applicability of FASB Statement No. 2 to Business Combinations Accounted for by the Purchase
Method”, the portion of the purchase price allocated to IPR&D was expensed immediately upon the
closing of the acquisition and therefore, $2.6 million related to IPR&D was included as an
operating expense in our results of operations for the year ended December 27, 2008.
2008 Compared to 2007
Net Sales
Our net sales decreased 17 % to $199.7 million in 2008, compared to net sales of $241.4 million in
2007. Sales of semiconductor equipment in 2008 decreased 25.1% from the comparable 2007 period and
accounted for 76.2% of consolidated net sales versus 84.1% in 2007. The decrease in sales of
semiconductor equipment was a result of weak conditions in the semiconductor equipment industry,
particularly in the second half of fiscal 2008 as overall global economic conditions deteriorated.
Additionally, 2007 sales of our semiconductor equipment business benefitted from the recognition of
approximately $17.4 million in net deferred revenue related to a certain semiconductor equipment
product, on which customer acceptance was obtained in fiscal 2007.
Sales of television cameras accounted for 9.2% of net sales in 2008 and increased 12.2% when
compared to the same period of 2007. The primary cause of this increase in sales was a result of
demand for our specialty surveillance camera products and price increases. Additionally, 2008 sales
of our television camera business benefitted from the recognition of approximately $0.5 million in
net deferred revenue.
Sales of microwave communications equipment accounted for 14.6% of net sales in 2008 and increased
33.0% when compared to 2007. The increase in sales of our microwave communications business during
fiscal 2008 was primarily attributable to demand for our products in surveillance and military
applications and approximately $1.7 million in incremental sales recognized as a result of our
March 30, 2007 acquisition of AVS. Additionally, 2008 sales of our microwave communications
equipment business benefitted from the recognition of approximately $2.5 million in previously
deferred revenue.
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Gross Margin
Gross margin consists of net sales less cost of sales. Cost of sales consists primarily of the cost
of materials, assembly and test labor, and overhead from operations. Our gross margin can fluctuate
due to a number of factors, including, but not limited to, the mix of products sold; product
support costs; inventory reserve adjustments; and utilization of manufacturing capacity. Our gross
margin, as a percentage of net sales, was 32.5% in 2008 and 32.6% in 2007. In 2006 we recorded a
charge to cost of sales of approximately $4.6 million for excess and obsolete inventory as a result
of a decline in customer forecasts for a burn-in system, acquired from Unisys’ Unigen operation
(“Unigen”). During fiscal 2008 we sold certain of this inventory and our gross margin was favorably
impacted by approximately $4.5 million.
Our gross margin has been impacted by charges to cost of sales related to excess, obsolete and
lower of cost or market inventory issues and higher warranty costs associated with certain test
handlers. We compute the majority of our excess and obsolete inventory reserve requirements using a
forward one-year inventory usage forecast. During 2008 and 2007, we recorded charges to cost of
sales of approximately $6.2 million and $4.6 million, respectively, for excess and obsolete
inventory. While we believe our reserves for excess and obsolete inventory and lower of cost or
market concerns are adequate to cover our known exposures at December 27, 2008, reductions in
customer forecasts or continued modifications to products, as a result of our failure to meet
specifications or other customer requirements, will result in additional charges to operations that
could negatively impact our gross margin in future periods. Conversely, if our actual inventory
usage is greater than our forecasted usage, our gross margin in future periods may be favorably
impacted.
Research and Development Expense (“R&D Expense”)
R&D expense consists primarily of salaries and related costs of employees engaged in ongoing
research, product design and development activities, costs of engineering materials and supplies,
and professional consulting expenses. R&D expense as a percentage of net sales was 19.1% in 2008,
compared to 15.9% in 2007, decreasing
from $38.3 million in 2007 to $38.1 million in 2008. Decreased R&D expense in 2008 was primarily a
result of decreased labor and material costs within our semiconductor equipment businesses of
approximately $1.0 million, offset by an additional $0.5 million and $0.3 million of R&D related
costs incurred by our microwave communications and television camera businesses, respectively,
resulting from the increased material costs associated with the design and development of new
products and incremental costs associated with our March 30, 2007 acquisition of AVS.
Selling, General and Administrative Expense (“SG&A Expense”)
SG&A expense consists primarily of salaries and benefit costs of employees, commission expense for
independent sales representatives, product promotion and costs of professional services. SG&A
expense as a percentage of net sales was 18.3% in 2008, compared to 15.0% in 2007, increasing from
$36.2 million in 2007 to $36.6 million in 2008. The increase in SG&A expense in 2008 was primarily
a result of an additional $1.4 million of SG&A related costs incurred by our microwave
communications business resulting primarily from increased sales commissions related to increased
business volume, additional headcount, professional service costs and incremental expense
associated with the March 30, 2007 acquisition of AVS. During 2008 administrative costs within our
corporate organization increased $0.6 million. The increase in costs incurred by our microwave
communications segment and corporate organization were offset by decreased costs within our
semiconductor equipment segment of approximately $1.5 million. The decrease in costs incurred by
our semiconductor equipment business is a result of decreased sales commissions and bad debt
expense as a result of decreased business volume.
Interest Income
Interest income was approximately $5.5 million and $8.4 million in 2008 and 2007, respectively. The
decrease in interest income resulted from lower short-term interest rates and a decrease in our
average cash and cash equivalents and investment balances. Additionally, during fiscal 2008 our
interest income was negatively impacted by a loss of approximately $0.4 million recorded on the
sale of short-term investments.
Income Taxes
The
provision (benefit) for income taxes expressed as a percentage of
pre-tax income was (20.2%) in 2008 and
36.8% in 2007. The benefit for income taxes for the year ended December 27, 2008 differs from the
U.S. federal statutory rate primarily due to state taxes, research and development tax credits,
settlement of prior year tax returns, IPR&D with no tax benefit and changes in the valuation
allowance on deferred tax assets and the liability for unrecognized tax benefits, by the effects of
Statement No. 123R that does not allow deferred tax benefits to be initially recognized on
compensation expense related to incentive stock options and employee stock purchase plans and
interest expense recorded on unrecognized tax benefits.
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Realization of our deferred tax assets is based upon the weight of all available evidence,
including such factors as our recent earnings history and expected future taxable income. We
believe that it is more likely than not that the majority of these assets will be realized;
however, ultimate realization could be negatively impacted by market conditions or other factors
not currently known or anticipated. If the current worldwide economic and financial crisis
continues for an extended period of time, realization of our deferred tax assets will be
jeopardized and this may require us to increase our valuation allowance with a significant charge
to income tax expense in future periods. In accordance with FASB Statement No. 109, “Accounting
for Income Taxes”, (“Statement No. 109”), net deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation
allowance if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be
realized. A valuation allowance, net of federal benefit, of approximately $4.3 million and $2.4
million was provided on our deferred tax assets at December 27, 2008 and December 29, 2007,
respectively, for state tax credit and net operating loss carryforwards that, in the opinion of
management, are more likely than not to expire before we can use them.
Our unrecognized tax benefits, excluding accrued interest, totaled approximately $4.6 million and
$4.8 million at December 27, 2008 and December 29, 2007, respectively. If these unrecognized tax
benefits are ultimately recognized, this amount, less the related federal benefit for state items
of approximately $1.0 million and excluding any increase in our valuation allowance for deferred
tax assets, would result in a reduction in our income tax expense and effective tax rate. We do not
expect that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits
will significantly change over the next 12 months.
We recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits, net of federal and state tax
benefits, in income tax expense. Cohu had approximately $0.4 million and $0.3 million accrued for
the payment of interest at December 27, 2008 and December 29, 2007, respectively. Interest expense
recognized in 2008 and 2007 was approximately $0.1 million and $0.2 million, respectively.
In
October, 2007 the Internal Revenue Service commenced a routine examination of our U.S. income tax return for 2005.
This examination was substantially completed in 2008 and is expected to be finalized in 2009
without any material adjustments.
Other Items
As a result of the factors set forth above, our net loss was $5.4 million in 2008, compared to net
income of $8.0 million in 2007.
2007 Compared to 2006
Net Sales
Our net sales decreased 10.6% to $241.4 million in 2007, compared to net sales of $270.1 million in
2006. Sales of semiconductor equipment in 2007 decreased 10.7% from the comparable 2006 period and
accounted for 84.1% of consolidated net sales versus 84.2% in 2006. The primary cause of the
decrease in sales of semiconductor equipment was a result of a decline in orders for our test
handling and burn-in related equipment which began in the second half of 2006 and carried into
2007. Conditions in the back-end semiconductor equipment industry were generally weak in 2007. At
Delta, these underlying and challenging industry dynamics were intensified by a sharp decline in
orders for our highest-margin product, the Summit handler. The decline in semiconductor test
handler and burn-in equipment orders was partially offset by the success of our new thermal
sub-system that began shipping during 2007; however, this thermal sub-system has a much lower
selling price and gross margin than our Summit test handler.
Sales of television cameras accounted for 6.8% of net sales in 2007 and decreased 10.7% when
compared to the same period of 2006. The primary cause of this decrease in sales is a result of
decreased demand for our traffic camera products in transportation related applications.
Sales of microwave communications equipment accounted for 9.1% of net sales in 2007 and decreased
10.1% when compared to 2006. During 2007 we saw an increase in demand for our microwave
communications products primarily as a result of the acquisition of AVS in March 2007 and strong
demand from government agencies, however, total sales recognized by this segment decreased in 2007
due to the recognition of approximately $7.9 million in revenue associated with our contract with
the UAE that was accepted and paid in the third quarter of 2006.
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Gross Margin
Our gross margin, as a percentage of net sales, decreased to 32.6% in 2007 from 34.4% in 2006. Our
lower gross margin in 2007 was the result of lower margins in our semiconductor equipment business
due to a change in product mix from our thermal test handlers to thermal sub-system products. Our
thermal sub-system products have significantly lower gross margins than our thermal test handlers.
In addition to a shift in product mix, our gross margin has been impacted by charges to cost of
sales related to excess, obsolete and lower of cost or market inventory issues and higher warranty
costs associated with certain test handlers. During 2007 and 2006, we recorded net charges to cost
of sales of approximately $4.6 million and $10.0 million, respectively, for excess and obsolete
inventory. Approximately $4.6 million of the charge recorded during 2006 was a result of a decline
in customer forecasts for a burn-in system, acquired from Unigen, which negatively impacted our
forecasted inventory usage.
Research and Development Expense
R&D expense as a percentage of net sales was 15.9% in 2007, compared to 14.5% in 2006, decreasing
from $39.1 million in 2006 to $38.3 million in 2007. Decreased R&D expense in 2007 was primarily a
result of decreased labor and material costs within our semiconductor equipment and television
camera businesses of
approximately $1.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively, offset by an additional $1.0 million of
R&D related costs incurred by our microwave communications business resulting from the March 2007
acquisition of AVS, and other costs associated with new product development within that segment.
Selling, General and Administrative Expense
SG&A expense as a percentage of net sales was 15.0% in 2007, compared to 13.7% in 2006, decreasing
from $37.1 million in 2006 to $36.2 million in 2007. The decrease in SG&A expense in 2007 was
primarily a result of: a $2.2 million decline in costs incurred by our semiconductor equipment
business resulting from lower business volume due to the weak business conditions that existed
within the back-end semiconductor equipment industry during 2007; a $0.2 million decrease in costs
incurred by our television camera business due to lower sales in 2007; and $0.5 million in
decreased administrative costs within our corporate organization. These reductions were offset by
an additional $1.9 million of SG&A related costs incurred by our microwave communications business
resulting from the March 2007 acquisition of AVS, and increased legal costs.
Interest Income
Interest income was approximately $8.4 million and $6.7 million in 2007 and 2006, respectively. The
increase in interest income resulted from an increase in our average cash and cash equivalents and
investment balances and higher interest rates.
Income Taxes
The provision for income taxes expressed as a percentage of pre-tax income was 36.8% in 2007 and
29.5% in 2006. The provision for income taxes for the year ended December 29, 2007 differs from the
U.S. federal statutory rate primarily due to research and development tax credits, the effect of
Statement No. 123R that does not allow deferred tax benefits to be recognized on compensation
expense related to incentive stock options and employee stock purchase plans and an increase in the
valuation allowance on deferred tax assets.
Other Items
In May, 2006, we sold the land and building previously used by our operations in Littleton,
Massachusetts. The property was sold for $6.5 million in cash, less related costs, resulting in a
net pretax gain of approximately $3.0 million that was recognized in 2006.
In May, 2006, we sold substantially all the assets of our metal detection equipment business, FRL.
The disposition resulted in a loss of approximately $1.4 million that was recorded in 2006.
Amounts incurred in 2007 related to the disposition were not significant.
As a result of the factors set forth above, our income from continuing operations was $8.0 million
in 2007, compared to $18.6 million in 2006. Our net income was $8.0 million in 2007, compared to
$17.7 million in 2006.
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LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES
Our business is dependent on capital expenditures by semiconductor manufacturers and test
subcontractors that are, in turn, dependent on the current and anticipated market demand for
semiconductors. Demand for semiconductors is cyclical and volatile. We have implemented cost
reduction programs aimed at aligning our ongoing operating costs with our currently expected
revenues over the near term. These cost management initiatives include consolidating facilities,
reductions to headcount and reduced spending. The cyclical and volatile nature of our industry
makes estimates of future revenues, results of operations and net cash flows difficult.
Our primary historical source of liquidity and capital resources has been cash flow generated by
operations. While we maintain a credit facility, we have not used this as a source of cash and do
not intend to do so. We use cash to fund growth in our operating assets, including accounts
receivable and inventory, and to fund new products and product enhancements primarily through
research and development.
Liquidity
Working Capital: The following summarizes our cash, cash equivalents, short-term investments and
working capital:
| December 27, | December 29, | Percentage | ||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | Decrease | Change | ||||||||||||
Cash, cash
equivalents and
short-term
investments |
$ | 88,385 | $ | 170,118 | $ | (81,733 | ) | (48.0 | )% | |||||||
Working capital |
155,589 | 234,345 | (78,756 | ) | (33.6 | )% | ||||||||||
Cash Flows
Operating Activities: Cash generated from operating activities consists of net income or loss,
adjusted for non-cash expenses and changes in operating assets and liabilities. Non-cash items
include depreciation and amortization; non-cash share-based compensation expense; and deferred
income taxes. Our net cash flows provided from operating activities in 2008 totaled $7.8 million
compared to $33.8 million in 2007. The decrease in cash provided by operating activities was
primarily due to a decrease in profitability in 2008 and changes in current assets and liabilities
which included a decrease in accounts receivable and accounts payable of $20.9 million and $7.0
million, respectively and an increase in inventories of $7.9 million. Additionally, accrued
compensation, warranty and other liabilities decreased $5.6 million in 2008. The decrease in
accounts receivable was a result of decreased business volume within our semiconductor equipment
segment. The decrease in accounts payable and accrued compensation, warranty and other liabilities
was primarily a result of decreased business volume and of the timing of cash payments primarily
within our semiconductor equipment business. The increase in inventory was primarily a result of
purchases made to meet manufacturing requirements for new products developed by our semiconductor
equipment business and a sudden drop in demand in the fourth quarter as a result of the global
economic crisis.
Investing Activities: Investing cash flows consist primarily of cash used for capital expenditures
in support of our businesses, proceeds from investment maturities, asset disposals and
divestitures, and cash used for purchases of investments and business acquisitions. Our net cash
used for investing activities in 2008 totaled $51.1 million and was primarily the result of $156.2
million in net proceeds from sales and maturities of short-term investments, offset by $122.5
million in cash used for purchases of short-term investments and the purchase of Rasco for $80.8
million, net. We invest our excess cash, in an attempt to seek the highest available return while
preserving capital, in short-term investments since excess cash is only temporarily available and
may be required for a business-related purpose. The acquisition of Rasco was a strategic
transaction to expand our semiconductor test handling product line total available market, extend
our market leadership in IC test, expand our customer base, broaden our product and technology
offerings and strengthen our global service network. Other expenditures in 2008 included the
purchases of property, plant and equipment of $3.9 million. The purchases of property, plant and
equipment were primarily made to support activities in our semiconductor equipment and microwave
communications business and consisted primarily of equipment used in engineering, manufacturing and
related functions.
Financing Activities: Cash flows from financing activities consist primarily of net proceeds from
the issuance of common stock under our stock option and employee stock purchase plans which totaled
$2.4 million during 2008. We issue stock options and maintain an employee stock purchase plan as
components of our overall employee compensation. We declared and paid dividends totaling $5.6
million, or $0.24 per common share, during 2008. On February 5, 2009, we announced a cash dividend
of $0.06 per share on our common stock, payable on, April 24, 2009 to stockholders of record as of
March 10, 2009. We intend to continue to pay quarterly dividends subject to capital availability
and periodic determinations by our Board of Directors that cash dividends are in the best interests
of our stockholders.
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Capital Resources
In June, 2008, we renewed our $5.0 million unsecured bank line of credit bearing interest at the
bank’s prime rate. The line of credit will expire in July, 2009, and requires that we maintain
specified minimum levels of net worth, limits the amount of our capital expenditures and requires
us to meet certain other financial covenants. We are currently in compliance with these covenants.
No borrowings were outstanding at December 27, 2008; however, approximately $1.3 million of the
credit facility was allocated to standby letters of credit at December 28, 2008,
leaving the balance of $3.7 million available for future borrowings.
We expect that we will continue to make capital expenditures to support our business and we
anticipate that present working capital and available borrowings under our line of credit will be
sufficient to meet our operating requirements for at least the next twelve months.
Contractual Obligations
The following table summarizes our significant contractual obligations at December 27, 2008, and
the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.
This table excludes amounts already recorded on our balance sheet as current liabilities at
December 27, 2008. Amounts excluded include our liability for unrecognized tax benefits that
totaled approximately $4.6 million at December 27, 2008. We are currently unable to provide a
reasonably reliable estimate of the amount or periods cash settlement of this liability may occur.
| Fiscal Year | 2009 | 2010 | 2011 | 2012 | 2013 | Total | ||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Non-cancelable
operating leases |
$ | 1,767 | $ | 835 | $ | 552 | $ | 99 | $ | 10 | $ | 3,263 | ||||||||||||
Purchase Commitments: From time to time, we enter into commitments with our vendors to purchase
inventory at fixed prices or in guaranteed quantities. We are not able to determine the aggregate
amount of such purchase orders that represent contractual obligations, as purchase orders may
represent authorizations to purchase rather than binding agreements. Our purchase orders are based
on our current manufacturing needs and are fulfilled by our vendors within relatively short time
horizons. We typically do not have significant agreements for the purchase of raw materials or
other goods specifying minimum quantities or set prices that exceed our expected requirements for
the next three months.
Off-Balance Sheet Arrangements: During the ordinary course of business, we provide standby letters
of credit instruments to certain parties as required. As of December 27, 2008, the maximum
potential amount of future payments that we could be required to make under these standby letters
of credit was approximately $1.3 million. No liability has been recorded in connection with these
arrangements beyond those required to appropriately account for the underlying transaction being
guaranteed. Based on historical experience and information currently available, we do not believe
it is probable that any amounts will be required to be paid under these arrangements.
Item 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk.
Interest rate risk.
At December 27, 2008, our investment portfolio included short-term, fixed-income investment
securities with a fair value of approximately $58.2 million. These securities are subject to
interest rate risk and will decline in value if interest rates increase. Due to the relatively
short duration of our investment portfolio, an immediate ten percent change in interest rates (e.g.
3.00% to 3.30%) would have no material impact on our financial condition or results of operations.
Foreign currency exchange risk.
We conduct business on a global basis and, as such, we are potentially exposed to adverse as well
as beneficial movements in foreign currency exchange rates. Except for our subsidiaries located in
Germany which conduct business in Euros, we generally conduct business, including sales to foreign
customers, in U.S. dollars and as a result we have limited foreign currency exchange rate risk. The
effect of an immediate ten percent change in foreign exchange rates would not have a material
impact on our financial condition or results of operations.
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Item 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data.
The information required by this Item is included in Part IV Item 15(a).
Item 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure.
None.
Item 9A. Controls and Procedures.
Conclusion Regarding the Effectiveness of Disclosure Controls and Procedures — Under the
supervision and with the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer
and principal financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of our disclosure controls and
procedures, as such term is defined under Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) promulgated under the
Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”). Based on this evaluation, our
principal executive officer and our principal financial officer concluded that our disclosure
controls and procedures were effective as of December 27, 2008, the end of the period covered by
this annual report.
Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control Over Financial Reporting — Our management is
responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting, as
such term is defined in Exchange Act Rules 13a-15(f) and 15d-15(f). Under the supervision and with
the participation of our management, including our principal executive officer and principal
financial officer, we conducted an evaluation of the effectiveness of our internal control over
financial reporting based on the framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework issued by the
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission. Based on our evaluation under
the framework in Internal Control — Integrated Framework, our management concluded that our
internal control over financial reporting was effective as of December 27, 2008.
Ernst & Young LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the consolidated
financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, has also audited the
effectiveness of our internal control over financial reporting as of December 27, 2008, as stated
in their report which is included herein.
29
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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Cohu, Inc.
We have audited Cohu, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 27, 2008,
based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO criteria”). Cohu, Inc.’s management
is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting, and for its
assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the
accompanying Management’s Annual Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our
responsibility is to express an opinion on the company’s internal control over financial reporting
based on our audit.
We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight
Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was
maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal
control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and
evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk,
and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe
that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.
A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable
assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial
statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A
company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1)
pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the
transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that
transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance
with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company
are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company;
and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized
acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the
financial statements.
Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or
detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are
subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that
the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.
In our opinion, Cohu, Inc. maintained, in all material respects, effective internal control over
financial reporting as of December 27, 2008, based on the COSO criteria.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight
Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of Cohu, Inc. as of December 27, 2008 and
December 29, 2007, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity, and
cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 27, 2008 of Cohu, Inc. and our
report dated February 20, 2009 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP
San Diego, California
February 20, 2009
February 20, 2009
30
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Changes in Internal Control Over Financial Reporting — There have been no changes in our internal
control over financial reporting that occurred during the fourth quarter of 2008 that have
materially affected, or are reasonably likely to materially affect, our internal control over
financial reporting.
Item 9B. Other Information.
None.
PART III
Item 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance.
Information regarding Directors and Executive Officers of the Registrant, is hereby incorporated by
reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement, which will be filed with the Securities and
Exchange Commission (“SEC”) within 120 days after the close of fiscal 2008.
Item 11. Executive Compensation.
Information regarding Executive Compensation is hereby incorporated by reference to the Company’s
definitive proxy statement, which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the close of
fiscal 2008.
| Item 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters. |
Information regarding Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related
Stockholder Matters is hereby incorporated by reference to the Company’s definitive proxy
statement, which will be filed with the SEC within 120 days after the close of fiscal 2008.
Item 13. Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence
Information regarding Certain Relationships and Related Transactions is hereby incorporated by
reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement, which will be filed with the SEC within 120
days after the close of fiscal 2008.
Item 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services.
Information regarding the Principal Accounting Fees and Services is hereby incorporated by
reference to the Company’s definitive proxy statement, which will be filed with the SEC within 120
days after the close of fiscal 2008.
31
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PART IV
Item 15. Exhibits, Financial Statement Schedules.
| (a) | The following documents are filed as part of, or incorporated by reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K. |
| (1) | Financial Statements |
The following Consolidated Financial Statements of Cohu, Inc., including the report
thereon of Ernst & Young LLP, are included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K beginning on
page 33:
| Form 10-K | ||||
| Description | Page Number | |||
| 33 | ||||
| 34 | ||||
| 35 | ||||
| 36 | ||||
| 38-59 | ||||
| 60 | ||||
(2) Financial Statement Schedule |
||||
| 64 | ||||
All other financial statement schedules have been omitted because the required
information is not applicable or not present in amounts sufficient to require submission of
the schedule, or because the information required is included in the consolidated financial
statements or the notes thereto.
| (3) | Exhibits |
The exhibits listed under Item 15(b) hereof are filed with, or incorporated by
reference into, this Annual Report on Form 10-K.
32
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COHU, INC.
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS (in thousands, except par value)
CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS
| December 27, | December 29, | |||||||
| 2008 | 2007 | |||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||
Current assets: |
||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 30,194 | $ | 77,281 | ||||
Short-term investments |
58,191 | 92,837 | ||||||
Accounts receivable, less allowance for bad debts of $1,610 in 2008
and $1,555 in 2007 |
31,945 | 45,491 | ||||||
Inventories: |
||||||||
Raw materials and purchased parts |
27,557 | 22,568 | ||||||
Work in process |
14,159 | 9,810 | ||||||
Finished goods |
11,598 | 9,787 | ||||||
| 53,314 | 42,165 | |||||||
Deferred income taxes |
16,270 | 18,832 | ||||||
Other current assets |
9,345 | 7,120 | ||||||
Current assets of discontinued operations |
5 | 28 | ||||||
Total current assets |
199,264 | 283,754 | ||||||
Property, plant and equipment, at cost: |
||||||||
Land and land improvements |
11,824 | 7,015 | ||||||
Buildings and building improvements |
28,341 | 23,538 | ||||||
Machinery and equipment |
33,522 | 32,312 | ||||||
| 73,687 | 62,865 | |||||||
Less accumulated depreciation and amortization |
(34,258 | ) | (33,047 | ) | ||||
Net property, plant and equipment |
39,429 | 29,818 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes |
2,307 | 3,092 | ||||||
Goodwill |
60,820 | 16,377 | ||||||
Intangible assets, net of accumulated amortization of $7,150 in 2008 and
$4,684 in 2007 |
40,993 | 6,695 | ||||||
Other assets |
887 | 172 | ||||||
Noncurrent assets of discontinued operations |
469 | 471 | ||||||
| $ | 344,169 | $ | 340,379 | |||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY |
||||||||
Current liabilities: |
||||||||
Accounts payable |
$ | 11,720 | $ | 16,650 | ||||
Accrued compensation and benefits |
9,867 | 11,230 | ||||||
Accrued warranty |
4,924 | 6,760 | ||||||
Customer advances |
2,636 | 3,361 | ||||||
Deferred profit |
4,434 | 4,868 | ||||||
Income taxes payable |
1,282 | 2,058 | ||||||
Other accrued liabilities |
8,678 | 4,324 | ||||||
Current liabilities of discontinued operations |
134 | 158 | ||||||
Total current liabilities |
43,675 | 49,409 | ||||||
Other accrued liabilities |
3,499 | 3,023 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes |
11,456 | 4,479 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies |
||||||||
Stockholders’ equity: |
||||||||
Preferred stock, $1 par value; 1,000 shares authorized, none issued |
— | — | ||||||
Common stock, $1 par value; 60,000 shares authorized,
23,344 shares issued and outstanding in 2008 and 23,045 shares in 2007 |
23,344 | 23,045 | ||||||
Paid-in capital |
61,076 | 54,940 | ||||||
Retained earnings |
193,985 | 204,997 | ||||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income |
7,134 | 486 | ||||||
Total stockholders’ equity |
285,539 | 283,468 | ||||||
| $ | 344,169 | $ | 340,379 | |||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
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COHU, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS (in thousands, except per share amounts)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
| Years ended | ||||||||||||
| December 27, | December 29, | December 30, | ||||||||||
| 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||
Net sales |
$ | 199,659 | $ | 241,389 | $ | 270,106 | ||||||
Cost and expenses: |
||||||||||||
Cost of sales |
134,691 | 162,577 | 177,170 | |||||||||
Research and development |
38,084 | 38,336 | 39,062 | |||||||||
Selling, general and administrative |
36,612 | 36,188 | 37,089 | |||||||||
Acquired in-process research and development |
2,577 | — | — | |||||||||
Gain on sale of facilities |
— | — | (2,963 | ) | ||||||||
| 211,964 | 237,101 | 250,358 | ||||||||||
Income (loss) from operations |
(12,305 | ) | 4,288 | 19,748 | ||||||||
Interest income |
5,483 | 8,400 | 6,678 | |||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes |
(6,822 | ) | 12,688 | 26,426 | ||||||||
Income tax provision (benefit) |
(1,379 | ) | 4,667 | 7,800 | ||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations |
(5,443 | ) | 8,021 | 18,626 | ||||||||
Discontinued operations (Note 2): |
||||||||||||
Loss from discontinued metal detection equipment operation,
including loss on sale of approximately $1.4 million for the
year ended December 30, 2006 before income taxes |
— | (66 | ) | (1,545 | ) | |||||||
Income tax benefit |
— | (23 | ) | (600 | ) | |||||||
Loss from discontinued operations |
— | (43 | ) | (945 | ) | |||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | (5,443 | ) | $ | 7,978 | $ | 17,681 | |||||
Income (loss) per share: |
||||||||||||
Basic: |
||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations |
$ | (0.23 | ) | $ | 0.35 | $ | 0.82 | |||||
Loss from discontinued operations |
— | (0.00 | ) | (0.04 | ) | |||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | (0.23 | ) | $ | 0.35 | $ | 0.78 | |||||
Diluted: |
||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations |
$ | (0.23 | ) | $ | 0.34 | $ | 0.81 | |||||
Loss from discontinued operations |
— | (0.00 | ) | (0.04 | ) | |||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | (0.23 | ) | $ | 0.34 | $ | 0.77 | |||||
Weighted average shares used in computing
income (loss) per share: |
||||||||||||
Basic |
23,179 | 22,880 | 22,588 | |||||||||
Diluted |
23,179 | 23,270 | 22,934 | |||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
34
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COHU, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
(in thousands, except par value and per share amounts)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY
| Accumulated | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Common | other | |||||||||||||||||||
| stock | Paid-in | Retained | comprehensive | |||||||||||||||||
| $1 par value | capital | earnings | income (loss) | Total | ||||||||||||||||
Balance at December 31, 2005 |
$ | 22,380 | $ | 37,717 | $ | 190,225 | $ | (197 | ) | $ | 250,125 | |||||||||
Components of comprehensive income (loss): |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
— | — | 17,681 | — | 17,681 | |||||||||||||||
Changes in unrealized gain (loss) on
investments, net of income taxes |
— | — | — | 167 | 167 | |||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income |
17,848 | |||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends — $0.24 per share |
— | — | (5,429 | ) | — | (5,429 | ) | |||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options |
247 | 3,227 | — | — | 3,474 | |||||||||||||||
Shares issued under employee stock purchase
plan |
73 | 1,112 | — | — | 1,185 | |||||||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense |
— | 3,559 | — | — | 3,559 | |||||||||||||||
Tax benefit from stock options |
— | 1,210 | — | — | 1,210 | |||||||||||||||
Adjustment to initially apply FASB Statement |
— | |||||||||||||||||||
No. 158, net of income taxes |
— | — | — | (384 | ) | (384 | ) | |||||||||||||
Balance at December 30, 2006 |
22,700 | 46,825 | 202,477 | (414 | ) | 271,588 | ||||||||||||||
Adjustment to implement FIN 48 |
— | — | 42 | — | 42 | |||||||||||||||
Components of comprehensive income (loss): |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net income |
— | — | 7,978 | — | 7,978 | |||||||||||||||
Changes in cumulative translation
adjustment |
— | — | — | 700 | 700 | |||||||||||||||
Adjustment to Statement No. 158 transition
obligation, net of income taxes |
— | — | — | 123 | 123 | |||||||||||||||
Changes in unrealized gain (loss) on
investments, net of income taxes |
— | — | — | 77 | 77 | |||||||||||||||
Comprehensive income |
8,878 | |||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends — $0.24 per share |
— | — | (5,500 | ) | — | (5,500 | ) | |||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options |
222 | 2,953 | — | — | 3,175 | |||||||||||||||
Shares issued under employee stock purchase
plan |
83 | 1,170 | — | — | 1,253 | |||||||||||||||
Shares issued for restricted stock units vested |
65 | (65 | ) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Repurchase and retirement of stock |
(25 | ) | (502 | ) | — | — | (527 | ) | ||||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense |
— | 4,078 | — | — | 4,078 | |||||||||||||||
Tax benefit from equity awards |
— | 481 | — | — | 481 | |||||||||||||||
Balance at December 29, 2007 |
23,045 | 54,940 | 204,997 | 486 | 283,468 | |||||||||||||||
Components of comprehensive income (loss): |
||||||||||||||||||||
Net loss |
— | — | (5,443 | ) | — | (5,443 | ) | |||||||||||||
Changes in cumulative translation
adjustment |
— | — | — | 6,929 | 6,929 | |||||||||||||||
Adjustment to Statement No. 158 transition |
— | |||||||||||||||||||
obligation, net of income taxes |
— | — | — | 102 | 102 | |||||||||||||||
Changes in unrealized gain (loss) on
investments, net of income taxes |
— | — | — | (383 | ) | (383 | ) | |||||||||||||
Comprehensive income |
1,205 | |||||||||||||||||||
Cash dividends — $0.24 per share |
— | — | (5,569 | ) | (5,569 | ) | ||||||||||||||
Exercise of stock options |
133 | 1,566 | — | — | 1,699 | |||||||||||||||
Shares issued under employee stock purchase
plan |
96 | 1,100 | — | — | 1,196 | |||||||||||||||
Shares issued for restricted stock units vested |
105 | (105 | ) | — | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Repurchase and retirement of stock |
(35 | ) | (461 | ) | — | — | (496 | ) | ||||||||||||
Share-based compensation expense |
— | 3,949 | — | — | 3,949 | |||||||||||||||
Tax benefit from equity awards |
— | 87 | — | — | 87 | |||||||||||||||
Balance at December 27, 2008 |
$ | 23,344 | $ | 61,076 | $ | 193,985 | $ | 7,134 | $ | 285,539 | ||||||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
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COHU, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(in thousands)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
| Years ended | ||||||||||||
| December 27, | December 29, | December 30, | ||||||||||
| 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||
Cash flows from continuing operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
$ | (5,443 | ) | $ | 7,978 | $ | 17,681 | |||||
Loss from discontinued operations |
— | 43 | 945 | |||||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash
provided from continuing operating activities: |
||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization |
6,943 | 7,439 | 6,479 | |||||||||
Acquired in-process research and development |
2,577 | — | — | |||||||||
Gain on sale of facilities |
— | — | (2,963 | ) | ||||||||
Loss on investment writedown |
350 | — | — | |||||||||
Share-based compensation expense |
3,949 | 4,078 | 3,559 | |||||||||
Deferred income taxes |
1,573 | 1,154 | (2,801 | ) | ||||||||
Increase in accrued retiree medical benefits |
867 | 68 | 81 | |||||||||
Excess tax benefit from equity compensation plans |
(87 | ) | (481 | ) | (1,210 | ) | ||||||
Changes in current assets and liabilities, excluding effects
from acquisitions and divestitures: |
||||||||||||
Accounts receivable |
20,878 | 4,764 | (1,822 | ) | ||||||||
Inventories |
(7,854 | ) | 6,829 | (2,577 | ) | |||||||
Other current assets |
616 | 272 | 8 | |||||||||
Accounts payable |
(7,021 | ) | 8,638 | (4,245 | ) | |||||||
Income taxes payable, including excess stock option
exercise benefits |
(2,758 | ) | (263 | ) | 1,123 | |||||||
Customer advances |
(725 | ) | 1,086 | (535 | ) | |||||||
Deferred profit |
(434 | ) | (4,973 | ) | (4,089 | ) | ||||||
Accrued compensation, warranty and other liabilities |
(5,588 | ) | (2,824 | ) | 2,830 | |||||||
Net cash provided from continuing operating activities |
7,843 | 33,808 | 12,464 | |||||||||
Cash flows from continuing investing activities, excluding effects
from acquisitions and divestitures: |
||||||||||||
Purchases of short-term investments |
(122,517 | ) | (152,603 | ) | (110,330 | ) | ||||||
Sales and maturities of short-term investments |
156,196 | 182,978 | 87,711 | |||||||||
Purchases of property, plant and equipment |
(3,870 | ) | (2,400 | ) | (4,680 | ) | ||||||
Payment for purchase of Rasco, net of cash received |
(80,823 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
Payment for purchase of AVS, net of cash received |
— | (8,169 | ) | — | ||||||||
Payment for purchase of Unigen assets |
— | — | (7,700 | ) | ||||||||
Cash received from facility sale |
— | — | 6,239 | |||||||||
Cash received from disposition of discontinued operations, net |
— | — | 2,663 | |||||||||
Cash advances to discontinued operations, net |
(22 | ) | (147 | ) | (580 | ) | ||||||
Other assets |
(80 | ) | (10 | ) | 37 | |||||||
Net cash provided from (used for) continuing investing activities |
(51,116 | ) | 19,649 | (26,640 | ) | |||||||
Cash flows from continuing financing activities : |
||||||||||||
Issuance of stock, net |
2,399 | 3,901 | 4,659 | |||||||||
Excess tax benefit from equity compensation plans |
87 | 481 | 1,210 | |||||||||
Cash dividends |
(5,554 | ) | (5,478 | ) | (5,407 | ) | ||||||
Net cash provided from (used for) continuing financing activities |
(3,068 | ) | (1,096 | ) | 462 | |||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
(746 | ) | 91 | — | ||||||||
Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents from
continuing operations |
(47,087 | ) | 52,452 | (13,714 | ) | |||||||
Cash and cash equivalents of continuing operations at beginning of year |
77,281 | 24,829 | 38,543 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents of continuing operations at end of year |
$ | 30,194 | $ | 77,281 | $ | 24,829 | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
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COHU, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS — CONTINUED
(in thousands)
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS — CONTINUED
| Years ended | ||||||||||||
| December 27, | December 29, | December 30, | ||||||||||
| 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||
Cash flows from discontinued operations: |
||||||||||||
Cash used for operating activities of
discontinued operations |
$ | (22 | ) | $ | (147 | ) | $ | (775 | ) | |||
Cash used for investing activities of discontinued operations |
— | — | (9 | ) | ||||||||
Cash advances from continuing operations, net |
22 | 147 | 580 | |||||||||
Decrease in cash and cash equivalents from
discontinued operations |
— | — | (204 | ) | ||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents of discontinued operations at beginning
of year |
— | — | 204 | |||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents of discontinued operations at end of year |
$ | — | $ | — | $ | — | ||||||
Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information: |
||||||||||||
Cash paid (refunded) during the year for: |
||||||||||||
Income taxes |
$ | (262 | ) | $ | 3,668 | $ | 9,197 | |||||
Inventory capitalized as capital assets |
$ | 855 | $ | 1,882 | $ | 508 | ||||||
Dividends declared but not yet paid |
$ | 1,398 | $ | 1,383 | $ | 1,362 | ||||||
The accompanying notes are an integral part of these statements.
37
Table of Contents
COHU, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| 1. | Summary of Significant Accounting Policies | |
| Principles of Consolidation — The consolidated financial statements include the assets, liabilities and operating results of Cohu, Inc. and our wholly-owned subsidiaries (“Cohu”, “we”, “our” and “us”). All significant intercompany balances and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. | ||
| Financial Statement Preparation — The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts and the disclosure of contingent amounts in our financial statements and the accompanying notes. These estimates include assessing the collectibility of accounts receivable, usage and recoverability of inventory and long-lived and deferred tax assets and incurrence of warranty costs. Actual results could differ from those estimates. | ||
| Fiscal Year — Our current fiscal year ended on December 27, 2008 and consisted of 52 weeks. Our fiscal years ended December 29, 2007 and December 30, 2006 also consisted of 52 weeks. | ||
| Risks and Uncertainties — We are subject to a number of risks and uncertainties that may significantly impact our future operating results. These risks and uncertainties are discussed under Item 1A. “Risk Factors” included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K. Understanding these risks and uncertainties is integral to the review of our consolidated financial statements. | ||
| Discontinued Operations — In May 2006, we sold our metal detection equipment business, FRL. Subsequent to the sale, the operating results of FRL are being presented as discontinued operations and all prior period financial statements have been reclassified accordingly. | ||
| Share-based Compensation — On January 1, 2006, we adopted the provisions of Statement No. 123R and SAB No. 107 requiring the measurement and recognition of all share-based compensation under the fair value method. During fiscal 2006, we began recognizing share-based compensation under Statement No. 123R for all awards granted during 2006 and for the unvested portion of previous award grants based on each award’s grant date fair value. Our estimate of share-based compensation expense requires a number of complex and subjective assumptions including our stock price volatility, employee exercise patterns (expected life of the options), future forfeitures and related tax effects. The assumptions used in calculating the fair value of share-based awards represent our best estimates, but these estimates involve inherent uncertainties and the application of management judgment. Although we believe the assumptions and estimates we have made are reasonable and appropriate, changes in assumptions could materially impact our reported financial results. | ||
| Income (Loss) Per Share — Income (loss) per share is computed in accordance with FASB Statement No. 128, “Earnings Per Share”. Basic income (loss) per share is computed using the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during each period. In loss years potentially dilutive securities are excluded from the per share computations due to their anti-dilutive effect. Diluted income per share includes the dilutive effect of common shares potentially issuable upon the exercise of stock options and issuance of restricted stock units. For purposes of computing diluted income per share, stock options with exercise prices that exceed the average fair market value of our common stock for the period are excluded. For the years ended December 29, 2007 and December 30, 2006 approximately 684,000, and 910,000 shares of our common stock, respectively, were excluded from the computation. Had we reported net income instead of a net loss in 2008 approximately 1,505,000 shares of our common stock would have been excluded from the computation. |
38
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COHU, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| The following table reconciles the denominators used in computing basic and diluted income (loss) per share: |
| (in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Weighted average common shares outstanding |
23,179 | 22,880 | 22,588 | |||||||||
Effect of dilutive stock options and
restricted stock units |
— | 390 | 346 | |||||||||
| 23,179 | 23,270 | 22,934 | ||||||||||
| Had we reported net income instead of a net loss in 2008, approximately 192,000 shares of our common stock would have been included in the calculation of diluted earnings per share. | ||
| Investments — Highly liquid investments with insignificant interest rate risk and original maturities of three months or less are classified as cash and cash equivalents. Cash equivalents are comprised of money market funds and corporate debt securities. The carrying amounts approximate fair value due to the short maturities of these instruments. Investments with maturities greater than three months are classified as short-term investments. All of our short-term investments are classified as available-for-sale and are reported at fair value, with any unrealized gains and losses, net of tax, recorded as a separate component of accumulated other comprehensive income in stockholders’ equity. We manage our cash equivalents and short-term investments as a single portfolio of highly marketable securities. We have the ability and intent, if necessary, to liquidate any of our investments in order to meet the liquidity needs of our current operations during the next 12 months. Accordingly, investments with contractual maturities greater than one year from December 27, 2008 have been classified as current assets in the accompanying consolidated balance sheets. | ||
| Concentration of Credit Risk — Financial instruments that potentially subject us to significant credit risk consist principally of cash equivalents, short-term investments and trade accounts receivable. We invest in a variety of financial instruments and, by policy, limit the amount of credit exposure with any one issuer. Our customers include semiconductor manufacturers and semiconductor test subcontractors and other customers located throughout many areas of the world. We perform ongoing credit evaluations of our customers and generally require no collateral. | ||
| Inventories — Inventories are stated at the lower of cost, determined on a current average or first-in, first-out basis, or market. Cost includes labor, material and overhead costs. Determining market value of inventories involves numerous estimates and judgments including projecting average selling prices and sales volumes for future periods and costs to complete and dispose of inventory. As a result of these analyses, we record a charge to cost of sales in advance of the period when the inventory is sold when market values are below our costs. Charges to cost of sales for excess and obsolete inventories aggregated $6.2 million, $4.6 million, and $10.0 million in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. During fiscal 2008 we sold certain inventory that was reserved in 2006 and our gross margin was favorably impacted by approximately $4.5 million. | ||
| Property, Plant and Equipment — Depreciation and amortization of property, plant and equipment is calculated principally on the straight-line method based on estimated useful lives of thirty to forty years for buildings, five to fifteen years for building improvements and three to ten years for machinery, equipment and software. | ||
| On May 5, 2006, we completed the sale of the land and building previously used by our operations in Littleton, Massachusetts. The property was sold for $6.5 million in cash, less related costs, resulting in a net pre-tax gain of approximately $3.0 million. | ||
| Goodwill, Other Intangible Assets and Long-lived assets — Under Statement No. 142, goodwill and other intangible assets with indefinite useful lives are not amortized, but are reviewed annually for impairment or more frequently if impairment indicators arise. We perform the required annual goodwill impairment test as of October 1 of each year, and have determined there to be no impairment in 2008 or 2007. There were no events or circumstances from the date of our assessment through December 27, 2008 that would impact this conclusion. |
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COHU, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| Separable long-lived assets that have finite lives are amortized over their useful lives and are reviewed for impairment whenever events or changes in circumstances indicate that the carrying amount of the assets might not be recoverable. Conditions that would necessitate an impairment assessment include a significant decline in the observable market value of an asset, a significant change in the extent or manner in which an asset is used, or any other significant adverse change that would indicate that the carrying amount of an asset or group of assets may not be recoverable. | ||
| Revenue Recognition — In accordance with the guidance provided by SEC Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 104 (“SAB No. 104”), we recognize revenue when there is persuasive evidence of an arrangement, title and risk of loss have passed, delivery has occurred or the services have been rendered, the sales price is fixed or determinable and collection of the related receivable is reasonably assured. Title and risk of loss generally pass to our customers upon shipment. In circumstances where either title or risk of loss pass upon destination or acceptance, we defer revenue recognition until such events occur. | ||
| Revenue for established products that have previously satisfied a customer’s acceptance requirements and provide for full payment tied to shipment is generally recognized upon shipment and passage of title. In certain instances, customer payment terms may provide that a minority portion (e.g. 20%) of the equipment purchase price be paid only upon customer acceptance. In those situations, the majority portion (e.g. 80%) of revenue where payment is tied to shipment and the entire product cost of sale are recognized upon shipment and passage of title and the minority portion of the purchase price related to customer acceptance is deferred and recognized upon receipt of customer acceptance. | ||
| In cases where a prior history of customer acceptance cannot be demonstrated or from sales where customer payment dates are not determinable and in the case of new products, revenue is deferred until customer acceptance has been received. Our post-shipment obligations typically include installation, training services and standard warranties. The estimated fair value of installation related revenue is recognized in the period the installation is performed. Service revenue is recognized ratably over the period of the related contract. Spares and kit revenue is generally recognized upon shipment. | ||
| Certain of our equipment sales are accounted for as multiple-element arrangements. A multiple-element arrangement is a transaction which may involve the delivery or performance of multiple products, services, or rights to use assets, and performance may occur at different points in time or over different periods of time. For arrangements containing multiple elements, the revenue relating to the undelivered elements is deferred at estimated fair value until delivery of the deferred elements. | ||
| On shipments where sales are not recognized, gross profit is generally recorded as deferred profit in our consolidated balance sheet representing the difference between the receivable recorded and the inventory shipped. In certain instances where customer payments are received prior to product shipment, the customer’s payments are recorded as customer advances in our consolidated balance sheet. At December 27, 2008, we had total deferred revenue of approximately $6.7 million and deferred profit of $4.4 million. At December 29, 2007, we had total deferred revenue of approximately $9.2 million and deferred profit of $4.9 million. | ||
| Product Warranty — Product warranty costs are accrued in the period sales are recognized. Our products are generally sold with standard warranty periods, which differ by product, ranging from 12- to 36-months. Parts and labor are typically covered under the terms of the warranty agreement. Our warranty expense accruals are based on historical and estimated costs by product and configuration. From time-to-time we offer customers extended warranties beyond the standard warranty period. In those situations the revenue relating to the extended warranty is deferred at its estimated fair value and recognized on a straight-line basis over the contract period. Related costs are expensed as incurred. |
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COHU, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| Income Taxes — In June 2006, the FASB issued FIN 48, “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes—an interpretation of FASB Statement No. 109”, (“FIN 48”). FIN 48 prescribes the recognition threshold and measurement criteria for determining the tax benefit amounts to recognize in the financial statements. We adopted the provisions of FIN 48 on December 31, 2006, the first day of our 2007 fiscal year (see Note 7). | ||
| We assess our income tax positions and record tax benefits for all years subject to examination based upon management’s evaluation of the facts, circumstances and information available at the reporting dates. For those tax positions where it is more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will be sustained, we have recorded the largest amount of tax benefit with a greater than 50 percent likelihood of being realized upon ultimate settlement with a taxing authority that has full knowledge of all relevant information. For those income tax positions where it is not more-likely-than-not that a tax benefit will be sustained, no tax benefit has been recognized in the financial statements. Where applicable, associated interest has also been recognized and recorded, net of federal and state tax benefits, in income tax expense. | ||
| Contingencies and Litigation — We assess the probability of adverse judgments in connection with current and threatened litigation. We would accrue the cost of an adverse judgment if, in our estimation, the adverse outcome is probable and we can reasonably estimate the ultimate cost. | ||
| Foreign Currency Translation — We follow FASB Statement No. 52, “Foreign Currency Translation”, for both the translation and remeasurement of balance sheet and statement of operations items into U.S. Dollars. Our foreign subsidiaries, with the exception of our subsidiaries located in Germany, use the U.S. dollar as their functional currency. Accordingly, assets and liabilities of these subsidiaries are translated using exchange rates in effect at the end of the period, except for nonmonetary assets, such as inventories and property, plant and equipment, which are translated using historical exchange rates. Revenues and costs are translated using average exchange rates for the period, except for costs related to those balance sheet items that are translated using historical exchange rates. Gains and losses on foreign currency transactions are recognized as incurred. Our subsidiaries located in Germany, acquired in December, 2008 and March, 2007, use the Euro as their functional currency and, as a result, their assets and liabilities are translated at the rate of exchange at the balance sheet date, while revenue and expenses are translated using the average exchange rate for the period. Cumulative translation adjustments resulting from the translation of the financial statements are included as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. Foreign currency gains and losses were not significant in any period and are included in the consolidated statements of operations. | ||
| Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities — FASB Statement No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities”, requires, among other things, that all derivatives be recognized in the balance sheet at fair value and special accounting for hedging activities that meet certain criteria. We generally do not hold derivative instruments or engage in hedging activities. | ||
| Fair Value of Financial Instruments — The carrying amounts of our financial instruments, including cash and cash equivalents, short-term investments, accounts receivable, accounts payable and accrued expenses, approximate fair value due to the short maturities of these financial instruments. | ||
| Advertising Costs — Advertising costs are expensed as incurred. Advertising costs were not material for all periods presented. | ||
| Recent Accounting Pronouncements — In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement No. 141 (Revised 2007), “Business Combinations”, (“Statement No. 141R”), which establishes principles and requirements for the reporting entity in a business combination, including recognition and measurement in the financial statements of the identifiable assets acquired, the liabilities assumed, and any non-controlling interest in the acquiree. This statement also establishes disclosure requirements to enable financial statement users to evaluate the nature and financial effects of the business combination. Statement No. 141R applies prospectively to business combinations for which the acquisition date is on or after the beginning of the first annual reporting period beginning on or after December 15, 2008, and interim periods within those fiscal years. Statement No. 141R will become effective for our fiscal year beginning in 2009. We expect Statement No. 141R will have an impact on our consolidated financial statements when effective, but the nature and magnitude of the specific effects will depend upon the nature, terms and size of the acquisitions we consummate after the effective date of the revised standard. |
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COHU, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| We adopted FASB Statement No. 157, “Fair Value Measurements”, (“Statement No. 157”) on December 30, 2007, the first day of fiscal year 2008. Statement No. 157 defines fair value, establishes a methodology for measuring fair value, and expands the required disclosure for fair value measurements. In February 2008, the FASB issued FASB Staff Position No. FAS 157-2, “Effective Date of FASB Statement No. 157”, which amends Statement No. 157 by delaying its effective date by one year for non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities, except for items that are recognized or disclosed at fair value in the financial statements on a recurring basis. Therefore, beginning on December 30, 2007, this standard applies prospectively to new fair value measurements of financial instruments and recurring fair value measurements of non-financial assets and non-financial liabilities. On December 28, 2008, the beginning of our 2009 fiscal year, the standard will also apply to all other fair value measurements. See Note 13, “Fair Value Measurements,” of the notes to the consolidated financial statements for additional information. | ||
| In February 2007, the FASB issued Statement No. 159, “The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities” (“Statement No. 159”). Statement No. 159 expands the use of fair value measurement by permitting entities to choose to measure many financial instruments and certain other items at fair value that are not currently required to be measured at fair value. This statement was effective for us on December 30, 2007, the first day of our 2008 fiscal year. We have not elected to measure any items at fair value under Statement No. 159 and, as a result, Statement No. 159 did not have any impact on our consolidated financial statements. | ||
| In December 2007, the FASB issued Statement No. 160, “Noncontrolling Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment of ARB No. 51” (“Statement No. 160”). Statement No. 160 requires that ownership interests in subsidiaries held by parties other than the parent, and the amount of consolidated net income, be clearly identified, labeled, and presented in the consolidated financial statements. It also requires, once a subsidiary is deconsolidated, any retained noncontrolling equity investment in the former subsidiary be initially measured at fair value. Sufficient disclosures are required to clearly identify and distinguish between the interests of the parent and the interests of the noncontrolling owners. It is effective for fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008 and requires retrospective adoption of the presentation and disclosure requirements for existing minority interests. All other requirements shall be applied prospectively. We are currently assessing the impact that Statement No. 160 may have on our consolidated financial statements upon adoption in fiscal year 2009. | ||
| In March 2008, the FASB issued Statement No. 161, “Disclosures about Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities-an amendment of FASB Statement No. 133” (“Statement No. 161”). Statement No. 161 expands the current disclosure requirements of FASB Statement No. 133, “Accounting for Derivative Instruments and Hedging Activities,” and requires that companies must now provide enhanced disclosures on a quarterly basis regarding how and why the entity uses derivatives, how derivatives and related hedged items are accounted for under FASB Statement No. 133 and how derivatives and related hedged items affect the company’s financial position, performance and cash flows. Statement No. 161 is effective prospectively for periods beginning after November 15, 2008. As we do not currently enter into any derivative or hedging instruments we do not expect that Statement No. 161 will have a material impact on our consolidated financial statements upon our adoption in fiscal year 2009. |
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COHU, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| 2. | Discontinued Operations | |
| In May 2006, we sold substantially all the assets of our metal detection equipment business, FRL. Our decision to sell FRL resulted from management’s determination that this industry segment was no longer a strategic fit within our organization. We are currently attempting to sell our FRL facility in Los Banos, California and believe the current fair value of the property is in excess of its $0.5 million carrying value at December 27, 2008. | ||
| A summary of key financial information of our discontinued operations is as follows (in thousands): |
| December 27, | December 29, | December 30, | ||||||||||
| 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||
Net sales |
$ | — | $ | — | $ | 2,356 | ||||||
Loss from operations |
$ | — | $ | — | $ | (158 | ) | |||||
Loss on sale of metal detection
equipment business |
— | (66 | ) | (1,387 | ) | |||||||
Loss from discontinued
operations |
— | (66 | ) | (1,545 | ) | |||||||
Income tax benefit |
— | (23 | ) | (600 | ) | |||||||
Discontinued operations, net |
$ | — | $ | (43 | ) | $ | (945 | ) | ||||
| 3. | Strategic Technology Transactions, Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets | |
| Rasco | ||
| On December 9, 2008, our wholly owned semiconductor equipment subsidiary, Delta Design, Inc., and certain subsidiaries of Delta acquired all of the outstanding share capital of Rasco GmbH, Rosenheim Automation Systems Corporation, and certain assets of Rasco Automation Asia (collectively “Rasco”). The results of Rasco’s operations have been included in our consolidated financial statements since that date. Rasco, headquartered near Munich, Germany, designs, manufactures and sells gravity-feed and strip semiconductor test handlers used in final test operations by semiconductor manufacturers and test subcontractors. | ||
| The purchase price of this acquisition was approximately $81.6 million, and was funded primarily by cash reserves ($80.0 million), other acquisition costs ($1.6 million) and certain liabilities assumed ($18.6 million which includes approximately $8.2 million of deferred tax liabilities and $3.7 million of contractual obligations to purchase inventory). The acquisition was considered a business in accordance with EITF 98-3, “Determining Whether a Nonmonetary Transaction Involves Receipt of Productive Assets or of a Business” and the total cost of the acquisition was allocated on a preliminary basis to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated respective fair values, in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board (“FASB”) Statement No. 141, Business Combinations, (“Statement No. 141”). The Rasco acquisition resulted in the recognition of a preliminary estimate of goodwill of approximately $41.3 million. The acquisition was nontaxable and certain of the assets acquired, including goodwill and intangibles, will generally not be deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill has been assigned to our semiconductor equipment segment. |
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COHU, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| Under the purchase method of accounting, the total estimated purchase price has been allocated to Rasco’s net tangible and intangible assets based on their estimated fair values as of December 9, 2008, the effective date of the acquisition. The table below represents a preliminary allocation of purchase price based on management’s internal evaluation to estimate their respective fair values (in thousands): |
Current assets |
$ | 14,173 | ||
Fixed assets |
8,375 | |||
Other assets |
636 | |||
Intangible assets |
33,360 | |||
In-process research and development (IPR&D) |
2,400 | |||
Goodwill |
41,336 | |||
Total assets acquired |
100,280 | |||
Liabilities assumed |
(18,643 | ) | ||
Net assets acquired |
$ | 81,637 | ||
| The preliminary allocation of the other intangible assets is as follows: |
| Estimated | ||||||||
| Fair Value | Estimated Average | |||||||
| Description | (in thousands) | Remaining Useful Life | ||||||
Unpatented complete
technology |
$ | 26,300 | 8 years | |||||
Customer relationships |
4,860 | 8 years | ||||||
Trade name |
2,200 | Indefinite | ||||||
| $ | 33,360 | |||||||
| As required by FASB Interpretation No. 4, “Applicability of FASB Statement No. 2 to Business Combinations Accounted for by the Purchase Method”, the portion of the purchase price allocated to IPR&D was expensed immediately upon the closing of the acquisition. Therefore, the $2.6 million charged to IPR&D was included as an expense in our results of operations for the year ended December 27, 2008. The amount of the IPR&D charge in our results of operations for the year ended December 27, 2008 increased from $2.4 million at December 9, 2008 solely due to the strengthening of the Euro against the US dollar during that period. Fluctuations in the exchange rate of the Euro, the functional currency of Rasco, impact the U.S. dollar value of the goodwill and intangible assets in our consolidated financial statements and, as a result, the future gross carrying value and amortization of the acquired intangible assets may differ from the amounts presented herein. | ||
| The primary areas of the purchase price allocation that have not been finalized relate to a pre-acquisition contingency related to contractual obligations to purchase inventory from suppliers and residual goodwill. Upon completion of the fair value assessment, Cohu anticipates that the ultimate purchase price allocation may differ from the preliminary assessment outlined above. Any changes to the initial estimates of the fair value of the assets and liabilities will be allocated to intangible assets (excluding IPR&D) or residual goodwill. | ||
| Pro Forma Financial Information | ||
| The unaudited financial information in the table below summarizes the combined results of operations of Cohu and Rasco on a pro forma basis, as though the companies had been combined as of the beginning of each of the periods presented. The pro forma financial information is presented for informational purposes only and is not indicative of the results of operations that would have been achieved if the acquisition had taken place at the beginning of each of the periods presented. The pro forma financial information for all periods presented also includes adjustments to, amortization charges for acquired intangible assets, adjustments to interest income, and related tax effects. |
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COHU, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| The pro forma financial information for the twelve months ended December 27, 2008 combines our results for that period, which include the results of Rasco subsequent to December 9, 2008, the date of acquisition. The pro forma financial information for the twelve months ended December 29, 2007 and December 30, 2006 combines our historical results for that period with the historical results of Rasco. | ||
| The following table summarizes the unaudited pro forma financial information: |
| Twelve Months Ended | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| December 27, | December 29, | December 30, | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except per share amounts) | As Reported | Pro Forma | As Reported | Pro Forma | As Reported | Pro Forma | ||||||||||||||||||
Net sales |
$ | 199,659 | $ | 242,761 | $ | 241,389 | $ | 287,242 | $ | 270,106 | $ | 330,467 | ||||||||||||
Net income (loss) from continuing
operations |
$ | (5,443 | ) | $ | (5,003 | ) | $ | 8,021 | $ | 7,636 | $ | 18,626 | $ | 26,960 | ||||||||||
Basic net income (loss) per share
from continuing operations |
$ | (0.23 | ) | $ | (0.22 | ) | $ | 0.35 | $ | 0.33 | $ | 0.82 | $ | 1.19 | ||||||||||
Diluted net income (loss) per
share
from continuing operations |
$ | (0.23 | ) | $ | (0.22 | ) | $ | 0.34 | $ | 0.33 | $ | 0.81 | $ | 1.18 | ||||||||||
| Tandberg Television AVS GmbH | ||
| On March 30, 2007, we purchased Tandberg Television AVS GmbH (“AVS”). The results of AVS’ operations have been included in our consolidated financial statements since that date. Pro forma results of operations have not been presented because the effect of the acquisition was not material. AVS, located near Frankfurt, Germany, designs, develops, manufactures and sells digital microwave transmitters, receivers and communications systems. This acquisition expands our digital microwave communications solutions, especially in high definition broadcast television and public safety and law enforcement applications. | ||
| The purchase price of this acquisition was approximately $8.2 million, and was funded primarily by our cash reserves ($8.0 million), other acquisition costs ($0.2 million) and certain AVS liabilities assumed ($2.3 million). The acquisition was considered a business in accordance with EITF 98-3, and the total cost of the acquisition was allocated to the assets acquired and liabilities assumed based on their estimated respective fair values, in accordance with Statement No. 141. The acquisition was nontaxable and certain of the assets acquired, including goodwill and intangibles, will not be deductible for tax purposes. The goodwill was assigned to our microwave communications segment. | ||
| The allocation of purchase price to the acquired assets and assumed liabilities was as follows (in thousands): |
Current assets |
$ | 4,344 | ||
Fixed assets |
831 | |||
Intangible assets |
2,190 | |||
Goodwill |
3,140 | |||
Total assets acquired |
10,505 | |||
Liabilities assumed |
(2,336 | ) | ||
Net assets acquired |
$ | 8,169 | ||
| Amounts allocated to intangible assets are being amortized on a straight-line basis over their useful lives of four years. Fluctuations in the exchange rate of the Euro, the functional currency of AVS, impact the U.S. dollar value of the goodwill and intangible assets in our consolidated financial statements and, as a result, future amortization of the acquired intangible assets may differ from the amounts presented below. |
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COHU, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| Purchased intangible assets, subject to amortization, were as follows (in thousands): |
| December 27, 2008 | December 29, 2007 | |||||||||||||||
| Gross Carrying | Accumulated | Gross Carrying | Accumulated | |||||||||||||
| Amount | Amortization | Amount | Amortization | |||||||||||||
Unigen technology |
$ | 7,020 | $ | 3,935 | $ | 7,020 | $ | 2,517 | ||||||||
KryoTech technology |
1,950 | 1,950 | 1,950 | 1,730 | ||||||||||||
AVS technology |
2,309 | 996 | 2,409 | 437 | ||||||||||||
Rasco Technology |
34,433 | 269 | — | — | ||||||||||||
| $ | 45,712 | $ | 7,150 | $ | 11,379 | $ | 4,684 | |||||||||
| The amounts included in the table above for the year ended December 27, 2008 exclude approximately $2.4 million related to the Rasco trade name which has an indefinite life and is not being amortized. | ||
| Amortization expense related to purchased intangible assets, subject to amortization, was approximately $2.5 million in both 2008 and 2007 and was $1.7 million in 2006. As of December 27, 2008, we expect amortization expense in future periods to be as follows: 2009 — $6,284,000; 2010 — $6,284,000; 2011 — $4,737,000; 2012 — $4,303,000; 2013 — $4,303,000; and thereafter $12,651,000. | ||
| The changes in the carrying value of goodwill, by segment for the year ended December 27, 2008 was as follows (in thousands): |
| December 29, | Other | December 27, | ||||||||||||||
| 2007 | Additions | Changes | 2008 | |||||||||||||
Semiconductor equipment |
$ | 12,898 | $ | 41,336 | $ | 3,201 | $ | 57,435 | ||||||||
Microwave
communications |
3,479 | — | (94 | ) | 3,385 | |||||||||||
| $ | 16,377 | $ | 41,336 | $ | 3,107 | $ | 60,820 | |||||||||
| Other changes consist of the impact of currency exchange rates. | ||
| 4. | Investments | |
| Short-term investments by security type were as follows (in thousands): |
| 2008 | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross | Gross | Estimated | ||||||||||||||
| Amortized | Unrealized | Unrealized | Fair | |||||||||||||
| Cost | Gains | Losses | Value | |||||||||||||
Bank certificates of deposit |
$ | 3,000 | $ | 11 | $ | — | $ | 3,011 | ||||||||
Asset-backed securities |
17,329 | — | 270 | 17,059 | ||||||||||||
Corporate debt securities |
38,402 | 34 | 315 | 38,121 | ||||||||||||
| $ | 58,731 | $ | 45 | $ | 585 | $ | 58,191 | |||||||||
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COHU, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| 2007 | ||||||||||||||||
| Gross | Gross | Estimated | ||||||||||||||
| Amortized | Unrealized | Unrealized | Fair | |||||||||||||
| Cost | Gains | Losses | Value | |||||||||||||
Bank certificates of deposit |
$ | 4,000 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 4,000 | ||||||||
Asset-backed securities |
33,807 | 36 | 37 | 33,806 | ||||||||||||
Corporate debt securities |
48,167 | 85 | 64 | 48,188 | ||||||||||||
U.S. government agencies |
1,798 | 9 | — | 1,807 | ||||||||||||
Government-sponsored
enterprise securities |
4,998 | 38 | — | 5,036 | ||||||||||||
| $ | 92,770 | $ | 168 | $ | 101 | $ | 92,837 | |||||||||
| Contractual maturities of short-term investments at December 27, 2008, were as follows: |
| Amortized | Estimated | |||||||
| (in thousands) | Cost | Fair Value | ||||||
Due in one year or less |
$ | 28,073 | $ | 27,896 | ||||
Due after one year through two years |
13,329 | 13,236 | ||||||
Asset-backed securities not due at a single maturity date |
17,329 | 17,059 | ||||||
| $ | 58,731 | $ | 58,191 | |||||
| Gross realized gains and losses on sales of short-term investments are included in interest income. During 2008 we had realized losses of approximately $0.4 million. Realized gains and losses in 2007 and 2006 were not significant in either period. | ||
| 5. | Employee Benefit Plans | |
| Retirement Plans — We have a voluntary defined contribution retirement 401(k) plan whereby we match contributions up to 4% of employee compensation. During 2008, 2007 and 2006 our contributions to the plan were approximately $1.5 million, $1.5 million and $1.6 million, respectively. Certain of our foreign employees participate in defined benefit pension plans. The related expense and benefit obligation of these plans were not significant for any period presented. | ||
| Retiree Medical Benefits — We provide post-retirement health benefits to certain executives and directors under a noncontributory plan. The net periodic benefit cost was $192,000, $143,000 and $160,000 in 2008, 2007 and 2006, respectively. We fund benefits as costs are incurred and as a result there are no plan assets. | ||
| The weighted average discount rate used in determining the accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation was 6.2% in 2008, 6.4% in 2007 and 5.75% in 2006. The weighted average discount rate used in determining the periodic benefit cost was 6.4% in 2008, 5.75% in 2007 and 5.5% in 2006. Annual rates of increase of the cost of health benefits were assumed to be 8.5% for 2008. These rates were then assumed to decrease 0.50% per year to 5.0% in 2015 and remain level thereafter. A 1% increase (decrease) in health care cost trend rates would increase (decrease) the 2008 net periodic benefit cost by approximately $20,000 ($17,000) and the accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation as of December 27, 2008, by approximately $286,000 ($240,000). |
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COHU, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| The following table sets forth the post-retirement benefit obligation, funded status and the accrued liability recognized in the consolidated balance sheets. |
| (in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation at beginning of year |
$ | 1,850 | $ | 1,985 | ||||
Service cost |
18 | 11 | ||||||
Interest cost |
127 | 111 | ||||||
Actuarial (gain) loss |
226 | (184 | ) | |||||
Benefits paid |
(93 | ) | (73 | ) | ||||
Accumulated post-retirement benefit obligation at end of year |
2,128 | 1,850 | ||||||
Plan assets at end of year |
— | — | ||||||
Funded status |
(2,128 | ) | (1,850 | ) | ||||
Unrecognized net actuarial loss |
435 | 256 | ||||||
Amount recognized prior to application of Statement No.158 |
(1,693 | ) | (1,594 | ) | ||||
Transition obligation |
(435 | ) | (256 | ) | ||||
Accrued liability recognized in the consolidated balance sheet |
$ | (2,128 | ) | $ | (1,850 | ) | ||
| Deferred Compensation — The Cohu, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan allows certain of our officers to defer a portion of their current compensation. We have purchased life insurance policies on the participants with Cohu as the named beneficiary. Participant contributions, distributions and investment earnings and losses are accumulated in a separate account for each participant. At December 27, 2008 and December 29, 2007, the payroll liability to participants, included in accrued compensation and benefits in the consolidated balance sheet, was approximately $1.4 million and $2.6 million, respectively and the cash surrender value of the related life insurance policies included in other current assets was approximately $1.4 million and $2.5 million, respectively. | ||
| Employee Stock Purchase Plan — The Cohu, Inc. 1997 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (“the Plan”) provides for the issuance of a maximum of 1,400,000 shares of our common stock. Under the Plan, eligible employees may purchase shares of common stock through payroll deductions. The price paid for the common stock is equal to 85% of the fair market value of our common stock on specified dates. In 2008, 2007, and 2006, 95,452, 83,108, and 73,338 shares, respectively, were issued under the Plan. At December 27, 2008, there were 506,567 shares reserved for issuance under the Plan. | ||
| Stock Options — Under our equity incentive plans, stock options may be granted to employees, consultants and outside directors to purchase a fixed number of shares of our common stock at prices not less than 100% of the fair market value at the date of grant. Options generally vest and become exercisable after one year or in four annual increments beginning one year after the grant date and expire five to ten years from the grant date. At December 27, 2008, 1,063,071 shares were available for future equity grants under the Cohu, Inc. 2005 Equity Incentive Plan. We have historically issued new shares of Cohu common stock upon share option exercise. |
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COHU, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| Stock option activity under our share-based compensation plans was as follows: |
| 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wt. Avg. | Wt. Avg. | Wt. Avg. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except per share data) | Shares | Ex. Price | Shares | Ex. Price | Shares | Ex. Price | ||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding, beginning
of year |
2,356 | $ | 15.97 | 2,430 | $ | 15.88 | 2,504 | $ | 15.66 | |||||||||||||||
Granted |
113 | $ | 13.20 | 219 | $ | 15.98 | 298 | $ | 16.48 | |||||||||||||||
Exercised |
(133 | ) | $ | 12.77 | (222 | ) | $ | 14.31 | (247 | ) | $ | 14.06 | ||||||||||||
Canceled |
(143 | ) | $ | 17.74 | (71 | ) | $ | 17.96 | (125 | ) | $ | 16.56 | ||||||||||||
Outstanding, end of year |
2,193 | $ | 15.91 | 2,356 | $ | 15.97 | 2,430 | $ | 15.88 | |||||||||||||||
Options exercisable at
year end |
1,764 | $ | 16.03 | 1,693 | $ | 15.83 | 1,529 | $ | 15.48 | |||||||||||||||
| The aggregate intrinsic value of options exercised during 2008, 2007 and 2006 was approximately $0.3 million, $1.1 million, and $2.7 million, respectively. At December 27, 2008, the aggregate intrinsic value of options outstanding, vested and expected to vest were each approximately $0.1 million and the aggregate intrinsic value of options exercisable was approximately $40,000. | ||
| Information about stock options outstanding at December 27, 2008 is as follows (options in thousands): |
| Options Outstanding | Options Exercisable | |||||||||||||||||||
| Approximate | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Wt. Avg. | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Range of | Number | Remaining | Wt. Avg. | Number | Wt. Avg. | |||||||||||||||
| Exercise Prices | Outstanding | Life (Years) | Ex. Price | Exercisable | Ex. Price | |||||||||||||||
$11.16 — $16.74
|
1,402 | 5.4 | $ | 14.39 | 1,059 | $ | 14.24 | |||||||||||||
$16.75 — $25.13
|
754 | 5.1 | $ | 18.03 | 668 | $ | 18.06 | |||||||||||||
$25.14 — $37.70
|
32 | 2.6 | $ | 28.99 | 32 | $ | 28.99 | |||||||||||||
$37.71 — $38.81
|
5 | 1.2 | $ | 38.81 | 5 | $ | 38.81 | |||||||||||||
| 2,193 | 5.2 | $ | 15.91 | 1,764 | $ | 16.03 | ||||||||||||||
| Restricted Stock Units — During 2006, we began issuing restricted stock units to certain employees and directors. Restricted stock units vest over either a one-year or a four-year period from the date of grant. Prior to vesting, restricted stock units do not have dividend equivalent rights, do not have voting rights and the shares underlying the restricted stock units are not considered issued and outstanding. Shares of our common stock will be issued on the date the restricted stock units vest. | ||
| Restricted stock unit activity under our share-based compensation plans was as follows: |
| 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| Wt. Avg. | Wt. Avg. | Wt. Avg. | ||||||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except per share data) | Units | Fair Value | Units | Fair Value | Units | Fair Value | ||||||||||||||||||
Outstanding, beginning
of year |
373 | $ | 15.39 | 253 | $ | 15.56 | — | — | ||||||||||||||||
Granted |
23 | $ | 16.63 | 210 | $ | 15.00 | 259 | $ | 15.56 | |||||||||||||||
Vested |
(105 | ) | $ | 15.57 | (65 | ) | $ | 15.60 | — | — | ||||||||||||||
Canceled |
(38 | ) | $ | 15.59 | (25 | ) | $ | 15.70 | (6 | ) | $ | 15.51 | ||||||||||||
Outstanding, end of year |
253 | $ | 15.40 | 373 | $ | 15.39 | 253 | $ | 15.56 | |||||||||||||||
| The total fair value of restricted stock units that vested during 2008 and 2007 was approximately $1.6 million and $1.0 million, respectively. |
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COHU, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| Share-based Compensation — We estimate the fair value of each share-based award on the grant date using the Black-Scholes valuation model. To facilitate our adoption of Statement No. 123R, we applied the provisions of SAB No. 107 in developing our methodologies to estimate our Black-Scholes model inputs for certain options. Option valuation models, including Black-Scholes, require the input of highly subjective assumptions, and changes in the assumptions used can materially affect the grant date fair value of an award. These assumptions include the risk-free rate of interest, expected dividend yield, expected volatility, and the expected life of the award. The risk-free rate of interest is based on the U.S. Treasury rates appropriate for the expected term of the award. Expected dividends are based, primarily, on historical factors related to our common stock. Expected volatility is based on historic, weekly stock price observations of our common stock during the period immediately preceding the share-based award grant that is equal in length to the award’s expected term. We believe that historical volatility is the best estimate of future volatility. Expected life of the award is based on historical option exercise data. Statement No. 123R also requires that estimated forfeitures be included as a part of the grant date expense estimate. We used historical data to estimate expected employee behaviors related to option exercises and forfeitures. | ||
| Share-based compensation expense related to restricted stock unit awards is calculated based on the market price of our common stock on the date of grant, reduced by the present value of dividends expected to be paid on our common stock prior to vesting of the restricted stock unit. | ||
| The following weighted average assumptions were used to value share-based awards granted: |
| Employee Stock Purchase Plan | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Dividend yield |
1.6 | % | 1.3 | % | 1.3 | % | ||||||
Expected volatility |
53.5 | % | 34.7 | % | 42.2 | % | ||||||
Risk-free interest rate |
3.0 | % | 4.9 | % | 4.7 | % | ||||||
Expected term of options |
0.5 years | 0.5 years | 0.5 years | |||||||||
Weighted-average grant date fair
value per share |
$ | 4.65 | $ | 4.63 | $ | 5.48 | ||||||
| Employee Stock Options | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Dividend yield |
1.9 | % | 1.5 | % | 1.4 | % | ||||||
Expected volatility |
44.2 | % | 38.9 | % | 48.1 | % | ||||||
Risk-free interest rate |
2.5 | % | 3.9 | % | 4.7 | % | ||||||
Expected term of options |
4.5 years | 4.5 years | 4.5 years | |||||||||
Weighted-average grant date fair
value per share |
$ | 4.51 | $ | 5.34 | $ | 6.71 | ||||||
| Restricted Stock Units | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Dividend yield |
1.4 | % | 1.6 | % | 1.4 | % | ||||||
| Reported share-based compensation is classified, in the consolidated financial statements, as follows: |
| (in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Cost of sales |
$ | 343 | $ | 437 | $ | 389 | ||||||
Research and development |
1,189 | 1,173 | 959 | |||||||||
Selling, general and administrative |
2,417 | 2,468 | 2,211 | |||||||||
Total share-based compensation |
3,949 | 4,078 | 3,559 | |||||||||
Income tax benefit |
(1,015 | ) | (979 | ) | (531 | ) | ||||||
Total share-based compensation,
net of tax |
$ | 2,934 | $ | 3,099 | $ | 3,028 | ||||||
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COHU, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| At December 27, 2008, excluding a reduction for forfeitures, we had approximately $2.0 million of pre-tax unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested stock options which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.3 years. | ||
| At December 27, 2008, excluding a reduction for forfeitures, we had approximately $4.0 million of pre-tax unrecognized compensation cost related to unvested restricted stock units which is expected to be recognized over a weighted-average period of approximately 2.4 years. | ||
| 6. | Line of Credit | |
| In June 2008, we renewed our $5.0 million unsecured bank line of credit bearing interest at the bank’s prime rate. The line of credit will expire in July, 2009, and requires that we maintain specified minimum levels of net worth, limits the amount of our capital expenditures and requires us to meet certain other financial covenants. We are currently in compliance with these covenants. No borrowings were outstanding as of December 27, 2008 or December 29, 2007. At December 27, 2008, approximately $1.3 million of the credit facility was allocated to standby letters of credit, leaving the balance of $3.7 million available for future borrowings. | ||
| 7. | Income Taxes | |
| Significant components of the provision (benefit) for income taxes are as follows: |
| (in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Current: |
||||||||||||
Federal |
$ | (3,689 | ) | $ | 2,497 | $ | 10,036 | |||||
State |
68 | 533 | 571 | |||||||||
Foreign |
669 | 483 | (6 | ) | ||||||||
Total current |
(2,952 | ) | 3,513 | 10,601 | ||||||||
Deferred: |
||||||||||||
Federal |
64 | 1,097 | (1,814 | ) | ||||||||
State |
2,074 | 223 | (987 | ) | ||||||||
Foreign |
(565 | ) | (166 | ) | — | |||||||
Total deferred |
1,573 | 1,154 | (2,801 | ) | ||||||||
| $ | (1,379 | ) | $ | 4,667 | $ | 7,800 | ||||||
| Income (loss) from continuing operations before income taxes consisted of the following: |
| (in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Domestic |
$ | (4,806 | ) | $ | 10,631 | $ | 25,566 | |||||
Foreign |
(2,016 | ) | 2,057 | 860 | ||||||||
Total |
$ | (6,822 | ) | $ | 12,688 | $ | 26,426 | |||||
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COHU, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting and tax purposes. Significant components of our deferred tax assets and liabilities were as follows: |
| (in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Deferred tax assets: |
||||||||
Inventory, receivable and warranty reserves |
$ | 13,224 | $ | 15,680 | ||||
Net operating and unrealized loss carryforwards |
896 | 202 | ||||||
Tax credit carryforwards |
5,388 | 3,141 | ||||||
Accrued employee benefits |
1,876 | 2,200 | ||||||
Deferred profit under SAB 104 |
1,555 | 1,874 | ||||||
Stock-based compensation |
1,349 | 998 | ||||||
Acquisition basis differences |
2,360 | 2,152 | ||||||
Capitalized research expenses |
96 | 122 | ||||||
Book over tax depreciation |
806 | 811 | ||||||
Gross deferred tax assets |
27,550 | 27,180 | ||||||
Less valuation allowance |
(4,328 | ) | (2,411 | ) | ||||
Total deferred tax assets |
23,222 | 24,769 | ||||||
Deferred tax liabilities: |
||||||||
Gain on facilities sale |
2,929 | 2,983 | ||||||
Acquisition basis differences |
12,760 | 4,001 | ||||||
Prepaid and other expenses |
412 | 340 | ||||||
Total deferred tax liabilities |
16,101 | 7,324 | ||||||
Net deferred tax assets |
$ | 7,121 | $ | 17,445 | ||||
| Realization of our deferred tax assets is based upon the weight of all available evidence, including such factors as our recent earnings history and expected future taxable income. We believe that it is more likely than not that the majority of these assets will be realized; however, ultimate realization could be negatively impacted by market conditions or other factors not currently known or anticipated. If the current worldwide economic and financial crisis continues for an extended period of time, realization of our deferred tax assets will be jeopardized and this may require us to increase our valuation allowance with a significant charge to income tax expense in future periods. In accordance with Statement No. 109, net deferred tax assets are reduced by a valuation allowance if it is more likely than not that some or all of the deferred tax assets will not be realized. A valuation allowance, net of federal benefit, of approximately $4.3 million and $2.4 million was provided on our deferred tax assets at December 27, 2008 and December 29, 2007, respectively, for state tax credit and net operating loss carryforwards that, in the opinion of management, are more likely than not to expire before we can use them. |
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COHU, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| The reconciliation of income tax computed at the U.S. federal statutory tax rate to the provision (benefit) for income taxes is as follows: |
| (in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Tax at U.S. 35% statutory rate |
$ | (2,388 | ) | $ | 4,441 | $ | 9,249 | |||||
State income taxes, net of federal tax benefit |
(296 | ) | (118 | ) | 160 | |||||||
Export sales and manufacturing tax benefits |
— | (71 | ) | (1,003 | ) | |||||||
Settlement of prior year tax returns |
(844 | ) | (75 | ) | — | |||||||
Adjustments to prior year tax accounts |
(156 | ) | 79 | 83 | ||||||||
Federal tax credits |
(1,000 | ) | (887 | ) | (1,147 | ) | ||||||
Stock-based compensation on which no tax benefit provided |
327 | 538 | 713 | |||||||||
Change in valuation allowance |
1,917 | 795 | (168 | ) | ||||||||
In-process research and development charge with no
tax benefit |
902 | — | — | |||||||||
Foreign income taxed at different rates |
(17 | ) | (419 | ) | (307 | ) | ||||||
Other — net |
176 | 384 | 220 | |||||||||
| $ | (1,379 | ) | $ | 4,667 | $ | 7,800 | ||||||
| State income taxes have been reduced by research tax credits totaling approximately $833,000, $849,000 and $886,000 in 2008, 2007 and 2006 respectively. | ||
| At December 27, 2008, we had state and foreign net operating loss carryforwards of approximately $9.6 million and $0.9 million, respectively, that expire in various tax years through 2028. We also have federal and state tax credit carryforwards of approximately $1.3 million and $7.8 million, respectively, certain of which expire in various tax years beginning in 2014. | ||
| U.S. income taxes have not been provided on approximately $4.4 million of accumulated undistributed earnings of certain foreign subsidiaries, as we currently intend to reinvest these earnings in operations outside the U.S. It is not practicable to estimate the amount of tax that might be payable if some or all of such earnings were to be remitted. | ||
| We adopted the provisions of FIN 48 on December 31, 2006, the first day of our 2007 fiscal year. As a result of the adoption of FIN 48, we recognized a decrease in the liability for unrecognized tax benefits of approximately $423,000, a decrease in deferred tax assets of approximately $381,000 and a corresponding increase in the December 31, 2006 balance of retained earnings of approximately $42,000. | ||
| A reconciliation of the beginning and ending amount of unrecognized tax benefits is as follows (in thousands): |
| 2008 | 2007 | |||||||
Balance at beginning of year |
$ | 4,802 | $ | 3,692 | ||||
Additions based on tax positions related to the current year |
761 | 1,031 | ||||||
Additions (reductions) for tax positions of prior years |
(60 | ) | 171 | |||||
Reductions as a result of settlements with tax authorities |
(151 | ) | — | |||||
Reductions as a result of a lapse of the statute of limitations |
(790 | ) | (92 | ) | ||||
Balance at end of year |
$ | 4,562 | $ | 4,802 | ||||
| If the unrecognized tax benefits at December 27, 2008 are ultimately recognized, the amount of $4,562,000 less the related federal benefit for state items of approximately $985,000, and excluding any increase in our valuation allowance for deferred tax assets, would result in a reduction in our income tax expense and effective tax rate. We do not expect that the total amount of unrecognized tax benefits will significantly change over the next 12 months. | ||
| We recognize interest accrued related to unrecognized tax benefits, net of federal and state tax benefits, in income tax expense. Cohu had approximately $0.4 million and $0.3 million accrued for the payment of interest at December 27, 2008 and December 29, 2007, respectively. Interest expense recognized in 2008, 2007 and 2006 was approximately $0.1 million, $0.2 million and $0.1 million, respectively. |
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COHU, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| In October, 2007 the Internal Revenue Service commenced a routine examination of our U.S. income tax return for 2005. This examination was substantially completed in 2008 and is expected to be finalized in 2009 without any material adjustments. | ||
| 8. | Segment and Related Information | |
| We have three reportable segments as defined by Statement No. 131. As discussed in Note 2, in May 2006, we sold substantially all the assets of FRL, which comprised our metal detection equipment segment and have presented financial information for this segment as discontinued operations. Our reportable segments are business units that offer different products and are managed separately because each business requires different technology and marketing strategies. Our semiconductor equipment segment, Delta and Rasco, develops, manufactures and sells semiconductor equipment to semiconductor manufacturers and test subcontractors throughout the world and accounted for 76% of net sales in 2008. Our television camera segment, Cohu Electronics, designs, manufactures and sells closed circuit television cameras and systems to original equipment manufacturers, contractors and government agencies and accounted for 9% of net sales in 2008. Our other reportable segment is a microwave communications equipment company, Broadcast Microwave Services, which accounted for 15% of net sales in 2008. | ||
| The accounting policies of the reportable segments are the same as those described in the summary of significant accounting policies. We allocate resources and evaluate the performance of segments based on profit or loss from operations, excluding interest, corporate expenses and unusual gains or losses. Intersegment sales were not significant for any period. | ||
| Financial information by industry segment is presented below: |
| (in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Net sales by segment: |
||||||||||||
Semiconductor equipment |
$ | 152,136 | $ | 203,105 | $ | 227,399 | ||||||
Television cameras |
18,299 | 16,315 | 18,280 | |||||||||
Microwave communications |
29,224 | 21,969 | 24,427 | |||||||||
Total consolidated net sales and net sales for
reportable segments |
$ | 199,659 | $ | 241,389 | $ | 270,106 | ||||||
Segment profit (loss): |
||||||||||||
Semiconductor equipment |
$ | (4,612 | ) | $ | 11,382 | $ | 20,854 | |||||
Television cameras |
(1,242 | ) | (1,730 | ) | (916 | ) | ||||||
Microwave communications |
242 | (1,802 | ) | 810 | ||||||||
Profit (loss) for reportable segments |
(5,612 | ) | 7,850 | 20,748 | ||||||||
Other unallocated amounts: |
||||||||||||
Corporate expenses |
(4,116 | ) | (3,562 | ) | (3,963 | ) | ||||||
Interest income |
5,483 | 8,400 | 6,678 | |||||||||
Acquired in-process research and development |
(2,577 | ) | — | — | ||||||||
Gain from sale of facilities |
— | — | 2,963 | |||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing operations before
income taxes |
$ | (6,822 | ) | $ | 12,688 | $ | 26,426 | |||||
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COHU, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| (in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Depreciation and amortization by segment deducted
in arriving at profit (loss): |
||||||||||||
Semiconductor equipment |
$ | 3,088 | $ | 3,507 | $ | 4,233 | ||||||
Television cameras |
184 | 218 | 217 | |||||||||
Microwave communications |
1,154 | 1,208 | 284 | |||||||||
| 4,426 | 4,933 | 4,734 | ||||||||||
Intangible amortization |
2,517 | 2,506 | 1,745 | |||||||||
Total depreciation and amortization for
reportable segments |
$ | 6,943 | $ | 7,439 | $ | 6,479 | ||||||
Capital expenditures by segment: |
||||||||||||
Semiconductor equipment |
$ | 3,251 | $ | 2,231 | $ | 5,820 | ||||||
Television cameras |
611 | 128 | 152 | |||||||||
Microwave communications |
1,181 | 2,005 | 738 | |||||||||
Total consolidated capital expenditures |
$ | 5,043 | $ | 4,364 | $ | 6,710 | ||||||
| (in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Total assets by segment: |
||||||||||||
Semiconductor equipment |
$ | 206,199 | $ | 111,787 | $ | 128,609 | ||||||
Television cameras |
10,458 | 9,505 | 10,537 | |||||||||
Microwave communications |
22,793 | 27,704 | 12,239 | |||||||||
Total assets for reportable segments |
239,450 | 148,996 | 151,385 | |||||||||
Corporate, principally cash and investments
and deferred taxes |
104,245 | 190,885 | 173,802 | |||||||||
Discontinued operations |
474 | 498 | 1,152 | |||||||||
Total consolidated assets |
$ | 344,169 | $ | 340,379 | $ | 326,339 | ||||||
Customers from the semiconductor equipment segment comprising 10% or greater of our consolidated
net sales are summarized as follows:
| 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | ||||||||||
Intel |
30 | % | 27 | % | 25 | % | ||||||
Advanced Micro Devices |
15 | % | 28 | % | 23 | % | ||||||
Texas Instruments |
6 | % | 8 | % | 15 | % | ||||||
Net sales to customers, attributed to countries based on product shipment destination, were as
follows:
| (in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
United States |
$ | 70,659 | $ | 75,385 | $ | 64,724 | ||||||
Singapore |
22,442 | 69,276 | 56,756 | |||||||||
Malaysia |
26,254 | 22,424 | 29,625 | |||||||||
Philippines |
9,940 | 21,787 | 34,893 | |||||||||
China |
26,650 | 17,074 | 32,927 | |||||||||
Costa Rica |
6,064 | 3,593 | 7,642 | |||||||||
Other foreign countries |
37,650 | 31,850 | 43,539 | |||||||||
Total |
$ | 199,659 | $ | 241,389 | $ | 270,106 | ||||||
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COHU, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
Geographic location of our property, plant and equipment and other long-lived assets was as
follows:
| (in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | ||||||
Property, plant and equipment: |
||||||||
United States |
$ | 26,559 | $ | 27,735 | ||||
Asia (Singapore, Taiwan and the Philippines) |
2,705 | 1,133 | ||||||
Germany |
10,165 | 950 | ||||||
Total, net |
$ | 39,429 | $ | 29,818 | ||||
Goodwill and other intangible assets: |
||||||||
United States |
$ | 20,287 | $ | 17,621 | ||||
Singapore |
6,558 | — | ||||||
Germany |
74,968 | 5,451 | ||||||
Total, net |
$ | 101,813 | $ | 23,072 | ||||
9. Stockholder Rights Plan
In November, 1996, we adopted a Stockholder Rights Plan (“Rights Plan”) and declared a dividend
distribution of one Preferred Stock Purchase Right (“Right”) for each share of common stock,
payable to holders of record on December 3, 1996. Under the Rights Plan, each stockholder
received one Right for each share of common stock owned. Each Right entitled the holder to buy
one one-hundredth (1/100) of a share of Cohu’s Series A Preferred Stock for $90. As a result of
the two-for-one stock split in September, 1999, each share of common stock was associated with
one-half of a Right entitling the holder to purchase one two-hundredth (1/200) of a share of
Series A Preferred Stock for $45. In November, 2006, we amended and restated our existing
Rights Plan to extend its term to November 9, 2016 and make certain other changes. Pursuant to
the amendment, to reflect the increase in the price of our common stock since the adoption of
the Rights Plan, the exercise price of each Right was increased to $190. Consequently, each
one-half of a Right entitles the holder to purchase one two-hundredth (1/200) of a share of
Series A Preferred Stock for $95. The Rights are not presently exercisable and will only become
exercisable following the occurrence of certain specified events. If these specified events
occur, each Right will be adjusted to entitle its holder to receive, upon exercise, common stock
having a value equal to two times the exercise price of the Right, or each Right will be
adjusted to entitle its holder to receive common stock of the acquiring company having a value
equal to two times the exercise price of the Right, depending on the circumstances. The Rights
expire on November 9, 2016, and we may redeem them for $0.001 per Right. The Rights do not have
voting or dividend rights and, until they become exercisable, have no dilutive effect on our
earnings per share.
10. Commitments and Contingencies
We lease certain of our facilities and equipment under non-cancelable
operating leases. Rental expense for the years 2008, 2007 and 2006
was approximately $1.7 million, $1.6 million and $1.5 million,
respectively. Future minimum lease payments at December 27, 2008 are:
2009 — $1,767,000; 2010 — $835,000; 2011 — $552,000; 2012 — $99,000;
and 2013- $10,000, totaling $3,263,000.
We previously disclosed that in May, 2007 BMS received a subpoena from a grand jury seated in
the Southern District of California, requesting the production of certain documents related to
BMS’ export of
microwave communications equipment. BMS completed production of documents responsive to the
request in September 2007 and has fully cooperated. BMS has not been informed that it is a
target of an investigation. As of the date of this report, it is premature to assess whether
this matter will have any impact on the BMS business or results of operations.
56
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COHU, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
In addition to the above matter, from time-to-time we are involved in various legal proceedings,
examinations by various tax authorities and claims that have arisen in the ordinary course of
our businesses. Although the outcome of such legal proceedings, claims and examinations cannot
be predicted with certainty, we do not believe any such matters exist at this time that will
have a material adverse effect on our financial position or results of our operations.
11. Guarantees
Changes in accrued warranty during the three-year period ended December 27, 2008 were as follows:
| (in thousands) | 2008 | 2007 | 2006 | |||||||||
Beginning balance |
$ | 6,760 | $ | 8,118 | $ | 4,561 | ||||||
Warranty accruals |
7,467 | 8,690 | 13,198 | |||||||||
Warranty payments |
(10,215 | ) | (10,198 | ) | (9,670 | ) | ||||||
Warranty liability assumed |
912 | 150 | 29 | |||||||||
Ending balance |
$ | 4,924 | $ | 6,760 | $ | 8,118 | ||||||
During the ordinary course of business, we provide standby letters of credit instruments to
certain parties as required. At December 27, 2008, the maximum potential amount of future
payments that we could be required to make under these standby letters of credit was
approximately $1.3 million. We have not recorded any liability in connection with these
arrangements beyond that required to appropriately account for the underlying transaction being
guaranteed. We do not believe, based on historical experience and information currently
available, that it is probable that any amounts will be required to be paid under these
arrangements.
12. Comprehensive Income (Loss)
Our accumulated other comprehensive income totaled approximately $7.1 million and $0.5 million
at December 27, 2008 and December 29, 2007, respectively, and was attributed to, net of income
taxes where applicable, unrealized losses and gains on investments, adjustments resulting from
the adoption of Statement No. 158 and foreign currency adjustments resulting from the
translation of certain accounts into U.S. dollars where the functional currency is the Euro.
A rollforward of amounts included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) for 2008,
2007, and 2006, is as follows:
| Unrealized | Foreign Currency | Accumulated Other | ||||||||||||||
| Investment Gain | Postretirement | Translation | Comprehensive | |||||||||||||
| (in thousands) | (Loss) | Obligations | Adjustments | Income (Loss) | ||||||||||||
Balance, December
31, 2005 |
$ | (197 | ) | $ | — | $ | — | $ | (197 | ) | ||||||
Fiscal 2006 activity |
167 | (384 | ) | — | (217 | ) | ||||||||||
Balance, December
30, 2006 |
(30 | ) | (384 | ) | — | (414 | ) | |||||||||
Fiscal 2007 activity |
77 | 123 | 700 | 900 | ||||||||||||
Balance, December
29, 2007 |
47 | (261 | ) | 700 | 486 | |||||||||||
Fiscal 2008 activity |
(383 | ) | 102 | 6,929 | 6,648 | |||||||||||
Balance, December
27, 2008 |
$ | (336 | ) | $ | (159 | ) | $ | 7,629 | $ | 7,134 | ||||||
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COHU, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
13. Fair Value Measurements
In September 2006, the FASB issued Statement No. 157, which is effective for fiscal years
beginning after November 15, 2007 and for interim periods within those years. This statement
defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands the related
disclosure requirements. This statement applies under other accounting pronouncements that
require or permit fair value measurements. The statement indicates, among other things, that a
fair value measurement assumes that the transaction to sell an asset or transfer a liability
occurs in the principal market for the asset or liability or, in the absence of a principal
market, the most advantageous market for the asset or liability. Statement No. 157 defines fair
value based upon an exit price model.
We adopted Statement No. 157 on December 30, 2007, with the exception of the application of the
statement to non-recurring nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities. Non-recurring
nonfinancial assets and nonfinancial liabilities for which we have not applied the provisions of
Statement No. 157 include those measured at fair value in goodwill impairment testing and those
initially measured at fair value in a business combination.
Statement No. 157 establishes a valuation hierarchy for disclosure of the inputs to valuation
used to measure fair value. This hierarchy prioritizes the inputs into three broad levels as
follows. Level 1 inputs are quoted prices (unadjusted) in active markets for identical assets or
liabilities. Level 2 inputs are quoted prices for similar assets and liabilities in active
markets or inputs that are observable for the asset or liability, either directly or indirectly
through market corroboration, for substantially the full term of the financial instrument. Level
3 inputs are unobservable inputs for the asset or liability and are only used when there is
little, if any, market activity for the asset or liability at the measurement date. A financial
asset or liability’s classification within the hierarchy is determined based on the lowest level
input that is significant to the fair value measurement.
The following table provides the assets carried at fair value measured on a recurring basis as
of December 27, 2008 (in thousands):
| Fair value measurements at December 27, 2008 using: | ||||||||||||||||
| Significant other | Significant | |||||||||||||||
| Quoted prices in | observable | unobservable | Total estimated | |||||||||||||
| active markets | inputs | inputs | fair value at | |||||||||||||
| (Level 1) | (Level 2) | (Level 3) | December 27, 2008 | |||||||||||||
Cash |
$ | 8,893 | $ | — | $ | — | $ | 8,893 | ||||||||
Money market funds |
21,301 | — | — | 21,301 | ||||||||||||
Bank certificates of deposit |
— | 3,011 | — | 3,011 | ||||||||||||
Corporate debt securities |
— | 38,121 | — | 38,121 | ||||||||||||
Asset-backed securities |
— | 17,059 | — | 17,059 | ||||||||||||
| $ | 30,194 | $ | 58,191 | $ | — | $ | 88,385 | |||||||||
When available, we use quoted market prices to determine the fair value of our investments, and
they are included in Level 1. When quoted market prices are unobservable, we use quotes from
independent pricing vendors based on recent trading activity and other relevant information. These
investments are included in Level 2 and primarily comprise our portfolio of corporate debt
securities, bank certificates of deposit and asset-backed securities.
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COHU, INC.
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS
| 14. | Related Party Transactions | |
| James A. Donahue, President and CEO of Cohu, is a member of the Board of Directors of Standard Microsystems Corporation (“SMSC”), a customer of Delta. During 2008, 2007, and 2006, total sales to SMSC were approximately $1.1 million, $2.2 million, and $3.9 million, respectively. | ||
| 15. | Quarterly Financial Data (Unaudited) |
| Quarter | First (a) | Second (a) | Third (a) | Fourth (a) | Year | |||||||||||||||||||
| (in thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
Net sales: |
2008 | $ | 58,409 | $ | 51,833 | $ | 48,016 | $ | 41,401 | $ | 199,659 | |||||||||||||
| 2007 | $ | 53,368 | $ | 66,407 | $ | 64,490 | $ | 57,124 | $ | 241,389 | ||||||||||||||
Gross profit: |
2008 | $ | 20,807 | $ | 18,440 | $ | 17,558 | $ | 8,163 | $ | 64,968 | |||||||||||||
| 2007 | $ | 19,665 | $ | 19,304 | $ | 20,605 | $ | 19,238 | $ | 78,812 | ||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing
operations (c): |
2008 | $ | 1,952 | $ | 174 | $ | 37 | $ | (7,606 | ) | $ | (5,443 | ) | |||||||||||
| 2007 | $ | 1,716 | $ | 2,040 | $ | 2,235 | $ | 2,030 | $ | 8,021 | ||||||||||||||
Net income (loss): |
2008 | $ | 1,952 | $ | 174 | $ | 37 | $ | (7,606 | ) | $ | (5,443 | ) | |||||||||||
| 2007 | $ | 1,691 | $ | 2,022 | $ | 2,235 | $ | 2,030 | $ | 7,978 | ||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) per share (b): |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Basic: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income (loss) from continuing
operations |
2008 | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.01 | $ | 0.00 | $ | (0.33 | ) | $ | (0.23 | ) | |||||||||||
| 2007 | $ | 0.07 | $ | 0.09 | $ | 0.10 | $ | 0.09 | $ | 0.35 | ||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
2008 | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.01 | $ | 0.00 | $ | (0.33 | ) | $ | (0.23 | ) | |||||||||||
| 2007 | $ | 0.07 | $ | 0.09 | $ | 0.10 | $ | 0.09 | $ | 0.35 | ||||||||||||||
Diluted: |
||||||||||||||||||||||||
Income
(loss) from continuing operations |
2008 | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.01 | $ | 0.00 | $ | (0.33 | ) | $ | (0.23 | ) | |||||||||||
| 2007 | $ | 0.07 | $ | 0.09 | $ | 0.10 | $ | 0.09 | $ | 0.34 | ||||||||||||||
Net income (loss) |
2008 | $ | 0.08 | $ | 0.01 | $ | 0.00 | $ | (0.33 | ) | $ | (0.23 | ) | |||||||||||
| 2007 | $ | 0.07 | $ | 0.09 | $ | 0.10 | $ | 0.09 | $ | 0.34 | ||||||||||||||
| (a) | Each of the four quarters during 2008 and 2007 was comprised of 13 weeks. | |
| (b) | The sum of the four quarters may not agree to the year total due to rounding within a quarter. | |
| (c) | The fourth quarter of 2008 includes a charge for excess inventory of $5.5 million at Delta and a charge of $2.6 million for acquired in-process research and development from the acquisition of Rasco. |
| 16. | Subsequent Event | |
| On February 5, 2009, we announced that the Cohu Board of Directors declared a $0.06 per share cash dividend payable on April 24, 2009 to stockholders of record on March 10, 2009. |
59
Table of Contents
Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
The Board of Directors and Stockholders
Cohu, Inc.
Cohu, Inc.
We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Cohu, Inc. as of December 27, 2008
and December 29, 2007, and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity,
and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 27, 2008. Our audits also
included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(a). These financial
statements and schedule are the responsibility of the company’s management. Our responsibility is
to express an opinion on these financial statements and the schedule based on our audits.
We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight
Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain
reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An
audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the
financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and
significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement
presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.
In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material
respects, the consolidated financial position of Cohu, Inc. at December 27, 2008 and December 29,
2007, and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years
in the period ended December 27, 2008, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting
principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule, when considered in
relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly, in all material
respects the information set forth therein.
As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, Cohu, Inc. adopted FASB
Interpretation No. 48 “Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes — an interpretation of FASB
Statement No. 109,” effective December 31, 2006.
We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight
Board (United States), Cohu, Inc.’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 27,
2008, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the
Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 20,
2009 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.
| /s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP | ||||
San Diego, California
February 20, 2009
February 20, 2009
60
Table of Contents
Index to Exhibits
| 15. | (b) The following exhibits are filed as part of, or incorporated into, the 2008 Cohu, Inc. Annual Report on Form 10-K: |
| Exhibit No. | Description | |
3.1
|
Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Cohu, Inc. incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.1(a) from the Cohu, Inc. Form 10-Q for the quarterly period ended June 30, 1999 | |
3.1(a)
|
Certificate of Amendment of Amended and Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Cohu, Inc. incorporated herein by reference from the Cohu, Inc. Form S-8 filed June 30, 2000, Exhibit 4.1(a) | |
3.2
|
Amended and Restated Bylaws of Cohu, Inc. incorporated herein by reference to Exhibit 3.2 from the Cohu, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 12, 1996 | |
4.1
|
Amended and Restated Rights Agreement dated November 10, 2006, between Cohu, Inc. and Mellon Investor Services LLC, as Rights Agent, incorporated herein by reference from the Cohu, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K, filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on November 13, 2006, Exhibit 99.1 | |
10.1
|
Performance goals and targets for 2008 Executive Officer bonus awards incorporated herein by reference from the Cohu, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on March 24, 2008* | |
10.2
|
Loan Agreement between Cohu, Inc. and Bank of America, N.A. dated June 18, 2008, incorporated herein by reference from the Cohu, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on June 20, 2008, Exhibit 99.1 | |
10.3
|
Amended Cohu, Inc. 1997 Employee Stock Purchase Plan, incorporated herein by reference from the Cohu, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on May 10, 2006, Exhibit 10.2* | |
10.4
|
Cohu, Inc. Deferred Compensation Plan (as amended and restated) incorporated herein by reference from the Cohu, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 29, 2008, Exhibit 10.1* | |
10.5
|
Cohu, Inc. 2005 Equity Incentive Plan, incorporated herein by reference from the Cohu, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K/A filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on February 22, 2007, Exhibit 10.1* | |
10.6
|
Share Purchase and Transfer Agreement dated December 5, 2008 by and among Delta Design, Inc. (and certain of its subsidiaries) and Dover Electronic Technologies, Inc. (and certain of its subsidiaries), incorporated herein by reference from the Cohu, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 11, 2008, Exhibit 10.1 | |
10.7
|
Asset Purchase Agreement dated December 9, 2008 by and between a subsidiary of Delta Design, Inc. and certain subsidiaries of Dover Electronic Technologies, Inc., incorporated herein by reference from the Cohu, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 11, 2008, Exhibit 10.2 | |
10.8
|
Capital Equipment, Goods and Services Agreement, dated January 10, 2007, by and between Delta and Intel Corporation, incorporated by reference from the Cohu, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed April 25, 2007, Exhibit 99.1 | |
10.9
|
Corporate Purchase Option Agreement dated April 25, 2002 between Delta Design, Inc. and Texas Instruments Incorporated, incorporated by reference from the Cohu, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 18, 2005, Exhibit 99.3 | |
10.10
|
Business Agreement and Addendum by and between Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. and Delta Design, Inc. incorporated by reference from the Cohu, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed February 22, 2006, Exhibit 99.1 |
61
Table of Contents
| Exhibit No. | Description | |
10.11
|
Form of stock option agreement for use with stock options granted pursuant to the Cohu, Inc. 2005 Equity Incentive Plan incorporated herein by reference from the Cohu, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on August 7, 2006* | |
10.12
|
Restricted stock unit agreement for use with resticted stock units granted pursuant to the Cohu, Inc. 2005 Equity Incentive Plan incorporated herein by reference from the Cohu, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 20, 2006* | |
10.13
|
Offer Letter dated April 24, 2008, by and between Delta Design, Inc. and Roger J. Hopkins incorporated herein by reference from the Cohu, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on April 25, 2008, Exhibit 10.1* | |
10.14
|
Cohu, Inc. Retiree Health Benefits Agreement (as amended) incorporated herein by reference from the Cohu, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 29, 2008, Exhibit 10.2* | |
10.15
|
Cohu, Inc. Change in Control Agreement incorporated herein by reference from the Cohu, Inc. Current Report on Form 8-K filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission on December 29, 2008, Exhibit 10.3* | |
14
|
Cohu, Inc. Code of Business Conduct and Ethics, incorporated herein by reference from the Cohu 2003 Annual Report on Form 10-K, Exhibit 14 | |
21
|
Subsidiaries of Cohu, Inc. | |
23
|
Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm | |
31.1
|
Certification pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for James A. Donahue | |
31.2
|
Certification pursuant to Section 302(a) of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for Jeffrey D. Jones | |
32.1
|
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for James A. Donahue | |
32.2
|
Certification pursuant to 18 U.S.C. Section 1350, as adopted pursuant to Section 906 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 for Jeffrey D. Jones |
| * | Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement |
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Table of Contents
SIGNATURES
Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934,
the registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto
duly authorized.
| COHU, INC. |
||||
| Date: February 23, 2009 | By | /s/ James A. Donahue | ||
| James A. Donahue | ||||
| President & Chief Executive Officer | ||||
Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been
signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant and in the capacities and on the
dates indicated.
| Signature | Title | Date | ||
/s/ Charles A. Schwan
|
Chairman of the Board, | February 23, 2009 | ||
Charles A. Schwan
|
Director | |||
/s/ James A. Donahue
|
President & Chief Executive Officer, | February 23, 2009 | ||
James A. Donahue
|
Director (Principal Executive Officer) | |||
/s/ Jeffrey D. Jones
|
Vice President, Finance & Chief | February 23, 2009 | ||
Jeffrey D. Jones
|
Financial Officer (Principal Financial & Accounting Officer) |
|||
/s/ Harry L. Casari
|
Director | February 23, 2009 | ||
Harry L. Casari |
||||
/s/ Robert L. Ciardella
|
Director | February 23, 2009 | ||
Robert L. Ciardella |
||||
/s/ Harold Harrigian
|
Director | February 23, 2009 | ||
Harold Harrigian |
63
Table of Contents
COHU, INC.
SCHEDULE II
VALUATION AND QUALIFYING ACCOUNTS
(in thousands)
(in thousands)
| Additions | ||||||||||||||||||||
| Additions | (Reductions) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Balance at | Not | Charged | Balance | |||||||||||||||||
| Beginning | Charged | (Credited) | Deductions/ | at End | ||||||||||||||||
| Description | of Year | to Expense | to Expense | Write-offs | of Year | |||||||||||||||
Allowance for doubtful
accounts *: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Year ended December 30, 2006 |
$ | 1,258 | $ | — | $ | 422 | $ | 36 | $ | 1,644 | ||||||||||
Year ended December 29, 2007 |
$ | 1,644 | $ | 15 | (1) | $ | (92 | ) | $ | 12 | $ | 1,555 | ||||||||
Year ended December 27, 2008 |
$ | 1,555 | $ | 136 | (2) | $ | 68 | $ | 149 | $ | 1,610 | |||||||||
Reserve for excess and obsolete
inventories *: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Year ended December 30, 2006 |
$ | 23,783 | (3) | $ | 1,508 | (4) | $ | 10,016 | $ | 4,904 | $ | 30,403 | (5) | |||||||
Year ended December 29, 2007 |
$ | 30,403 | $ | 1,279 | (6) | $ | 4,556 | $ | 4,701 | $ | 31,537 | |||||||||
Year ended December 27, 2008 |
$ | 31,537 | $ | 1,512 | (7) | $ | 1,693 | (8) | $ | 4,449 | $ | 30,293 | ||||||||
| * | Amounts exclude discontinued business (FRL) sold in May, 2006. | |
| (1) | Addition resulting from AVS acquisition in March, 2007. | |
| (2) | Includes $127 resulting from Rasco acquisition in December, 2008 and foreign currency impact. | |
| (3) | Includes $447 for lower of cost or market reserve. | |
| (4) | Addition resulting from Unigen acquisition in March, 2006 | |
| (5) | Includes $95 for lower of cost or market reserve. | |
| (6) | Addition resulting from AVS acquisition in March, 2007 and reclass from other reserves. | |
| (7) | Addition resulting from Rasco acquisition in December, 2008 and foreign currency impact. | |
| (8) | Includes $4.5 million credited to expense for products sold in 2008 that were reserved in 2006. |
64