e6vk
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
Washington, D.C. 20549
Form 6-K
REPORT OF FOREIGN PRIVATE ISSUER
PURSUANT TO RULE 13a-16 OR 15d-16
OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934
For the
month of March 2007
Bayer Aktiengesellschaft
Bayer Corporation*
(Translation of registrants name into English)
Bayerwerk, Gebaeude W11
Kaiser-Wilhelm-Allee
51368 Leverkusen
Germany
(Address of principal executive offices)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant files or will file annual reports under cover of
Form 20-F or Form 40-F.
Form 20-F X Form 40-F
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by
Regulation S-T Rule 101 (b)(1): N/A
Indicate by check mark if the registrant is submitting the Form 6-K in paper as permitted by
Regulation S-T Rule 101 (b)(7): N/A
Indicate by check mark whether, by furnishing the information contained in this form, the
registrant is also thereby furnishing the information to the Commission pursuant to Rule 12g3-2(b)
under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934.
Yes No X
If Yes is marked, indicate below the file number assigned to the registrant in connection
with Rule 12g3-2(b): N/A
|
|
|
* |
|
Bayer Corporation is also the name of a wholly-owned subsidiary of the registrant in the United
States. |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Science For A Better Life
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Bayer: Science For A Better Life
... is more than a corporate slogan. Its a call to action. A truly ambitious goal. A claim that
demands to be vindicated every day, and that essentially means one thing: striving for improvement.
The images on the opening pages of this Annual Report contain impressive examples of how the inventor company
Bayer justifies that claim with products and services that enhance the quality of life. But
research never stops. The companys scientists are constantly on the track of innovations to
address future challenges. And it is this that defines the fascination of Bayer.
Bayer Group Key Data
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Bayer Group |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales |
|
|
24,701 |
|
|
|
28,956 |
|
|
|
+17.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA1 |
|
|
4,122 |
|
|
|
4,675 |
|
|
|
+13.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA before special items |
|
|
4,602 |
|
|
|
5,584 |
|
|
|
+21.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT2 |
|
|
2,514 |
|
|
|
2,762 |
|
|
|
+9.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT before special items |
|
|
3,047 |
|
|
|
3,479 |
|
|
|
+14.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before income taxes |
|
|
1,912 |
|
|
|
1,980 |
|
|
|
+3.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
|
1,597 |
|
|
|
1,683 |
|
|
|
+5.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Earnings per share ()3 |
|
|
2.19 |
|
|
|
2.22 |
|
|
|
+1.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow4 |
|
|
3,114 |
|
|
|
3,913 |
|
|
|
+25.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flow5 |
|
|
3,227 |
|
|
|
3,928 |
|
|
|
+21.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures |
|
|
1,210 |
|
|
|
1,739 |
|
|
|
+43.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development expenses |
|
|
1,729 |
|
|
|
2,297 |
|
|
|
+32.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividend per Bayer AG share () |
|
|
0.95 |
|
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
|
+5.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer HealthCare |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net external sales |
|
|
7,996 |
|
|
|
11,724 |
|
|
|
+46.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA1 |
|
|
1,280 |
|
|
|
1,947 |
|
|
|
+52.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA before special items |
|
|
1,487 |
|
|
|
2,613 |
|
|
|
+75.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT2 |
|
|
923 |
|
|
|
1,313 |
|
|
|
+42.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT before special items |
|
|
1,177 |
|
|
|
1,715 |
|
|
|
+45.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow4 |
|
|
923 |
|
|
|
1,720 |
|
|
|
+86.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flow5 |
|
|
1,087 |
|
|
|
1,526 |
|
|
|
+40.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures |
|
|
225 |
|
|
|
576 |
|
|
|
+156.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer CropScience |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net external sales |
|
|
5,896 |
|
|
|
5,700 |
|
|
|
-3.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA1 |
|
|
1,284 |
|
|
|
1,166 |
|
|
|
-9.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA before special items |
|
|
1,273 |
|
|
|
1,204 |
|
|
|
-5.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT2 |
|
|
690 |
|
|
|
584 |
|
|
|
-15.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT before special items |
|
|
685 |
|
|
|
641 |
|
|
|
-6.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow4 |
|
|
964 |
|
|
|
900 |
|
|
|
-6.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flow5 |
|
|
904 |
|
|
|
898 |
|
|
|
-0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures |
|
|
201 |
|
|
|
197 |
|
|
|
-2.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer MaterialScience |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net external sales |
|
|
9,446 |
|
|
|
10,161 |
|
|
|
+7.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA1 |
|
|
1,721 |
|
|
|
1,499 |
|
|
|
-12.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA before special items |
|
|
1,764 |
|
|
|
1,677 |
|
|
|
-4.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT2 |
|
|
1,250 |
|
|
|
992 |
|
|
|
-20.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT before special items |
|
|
1,293 |
|
|
|
1,210 |
|
|
|
-6.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow4 |
|
|
1,254 |
|
|
|
1,166 |
|
|
|
-7.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flow5 |
|
|
1,337 |
|
|
|
1,281 |
|
|
|
-4.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures |
|
|
642 |
|
|
|
753 |
|
|
|
+17.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 figures restated |
|
1 |
|
EBITDA = EBIT plus amortization of intangible assets and depreciation of
property, plant and equipment. EBITDA, EBITDA before special items and EBITDA
margin are not defined in the International Financial Reporting Standards and
should therefore be regarded only as supplementary information. The company
considers underlying EBITDA to be a more suitable indicator of operating
performance since it is not affected by depreciation, amortization,
write-downs/write-backs or special items. The company also believes that this
indicator gives readers a clearer picture of the results of operations and ensures
greater comparability of data over time. The underlying EBITDA margin is calculated
by dividing underlying EBITDA by sales. |
|
2 |
|
EBIT as shown in the income statement. |
|
3 |
|
Earnings per share as defined in IAS 33 = net income divided by the average
number of shares. For details see Note [16] to the financial statements. For
details on core earnings per share see page 25. |
|
4 |
|
Gross cash flow = income after taxes from continuing operations plus income
taxes, plus/minus non-operating result, minus income taxes paid, plus depreciation,
amortization and write-downs, minus write-backs, plus/minus changes in pension
provisions, minus gains/plus losses on retirements of noncurrent assets, plus
non-cash effects of the remeasurement of acquired assets. The change in pension
provisions includes the elimination of non-cash components of the operating result.
It also contains benefit payments during the year. For details see Note [25]. |
|
5 |
|
Net cash flow = cash flow from operating activities according to IAS 7 |
Bayer
Bayer AG defines common values, goals and strategies for the entire Group. The
subgroups and service companies operate independently, led by the management holding
company. The Corporate Center supports the Group Management Board in its task of
strategic leadership.
Bayer HealthCare
Bayer HealthCare is among the worlds foremost innovators in the field of
pharmaceutical and medical products. This subgroups mission is to research, develop,
manufacture and market innovative products that improve the health of people and
animals throughout the world.
Bayer CropScience
Bayer CropScience, with its highly effective products, pioneering innovations and keen
customer focus, holds global leadership positions in crop protection and
non-agricultural pest control. The company also has major activities in seeds and crop
plants with genetically optimized properties.
Bayer MaterialScience
Bayer MaterialScience is a renowned supplier of high-performance materials such as
polycarbonates and polyurethanes, and innovative system solutions such as coatings,
for a wide range of everyday uses. Products holding leading positions on the world
market account for a large proportion of its sales.
Bayer Business Services
Bayer Business Services is the Bayer Groups international competence center for
it-based services. The focus of this companys offering is on integrated services in
the core areas of
it infrastructure and applications, procurement and logistics,
human resources and management services, and finance and accounting.
Bayer Technology Services
Bayer Technology Services is engaged in process development and in process and plant
engineering, construction and optimization. As the technological backbone of the Bayer
Group worldwide, this service company offers integrated solutions throughout the life
cycles of facilities, processes and products.
Bayer Industry Services
Bayer Industry Services offers services for the chemical industry including utility
supply, waste management, infrastructure, safety, security, technical services,
analytics and vocational training. This service company a joint venture between
Bayer and lanxess operates Bayers chemical parks at Leverkusen, Dormagen and
Krefeld-Uerdingen in Germany.
Working to Create Value through Innovation and Growth
Bayer is a global enterprise with core competencies in the fields of health care,
nutrition and high-tech materials. Our products and services are designed to benefit
people and improve their quality of life. At the same time we want to create value
through innovation, growth and high earning power.
We are firmly aligned to our mission statement Bayer: Science For A Better
Life and continue to optimize our portfolio, concentrating our activities in three
high-potential, efficient subgroups with largely independent operations: HealthCare,
CropScience and MaterialScience, supported by three service companies. Our operating
companies provide us with access to major global growth markets.
As an inventor company, we plan to continue setting trends in research-intensive
areas. Innovation is the foundation for competitiveness and growth, and thus for our
companys success in the future.
Our expertise and our products are helping to diagnose, alleviate or cure diseases,
improving the quality and adequacy of the global food supply, and contributing
significantly to an active, modern lifestyle. All these aspects define the fascination
of Bayer.
We are committed to the principles of sustainable development, and to our role as a
socially and ethically responsible corporate citizen. For us, there is a clear link
between technical and economic expertise and corporate social
responsibility. This, in
turn, we define as our responsibility to work for the benefit of humankind, become
socially involved and make a lasting contribution to sustainable development. At
Bayer, we regard economy, ecology and social commitment as objectives of equal rank.
We seek to retain societys confidence through performance, flexibility and open
communication as we work in pursuit of our overriding goals: to steadily create
corporate value and generate high value-added for the benefit of our stockholders, our
employees and the community in every country in which we operate.
Bayer HealthCare: Innovative drugs for heart and circulation
Bayer HealthCare is particularly dedicated to combating cardiovascular
disease, the worlds number one cause of death. Apart from its innovative medicines,
the company also focuses on new diagnostic techniques. It recently developed and
brought to market Vasovist®, an innovative contrast medium for
comprehensive vascular diagnosis. A promising drug candidate for the future is
rivaroxaban, an anticoagulant for the prevention and treatment of life-threatening
conditions such as stroke, thrombosis and pulmonary embolism.
These two examples demonstrate how Bayer HealthCare fulfills its role as a
global health care company. This holds true over its entire range of products:
from the wonder drug Aspirin ® through innovative anti-cancer drugs
and contraceptives to cutting-edge diagnostic techniques and animal health
products.
Bayer CropScience: Better seed for tomorrows harvests
Bayer CropScience has improved the oil profile of the canola plant so that the
oils naturally healthy mix of fatty acids is maintained even upon heating. The
companys seed not only ensures a better-quality product but also raises yields. The
high-yielding canola is a promising source of biofuel as well.
The innovative capability of the scientists at Bayer CropScience has already led to
numerous milestones and continues to do so in conventional crop protection, as it
does in the areas of biotechnology and seed development.
Bayer MaterialScience: Toward a shining future
Materials for visions for Bayer MaterialScience this is both a claim and a
commitment. One example is high-tech films. These are found everywhere: instrument
panels, cellphone displays, forgery-proof identity cards. And in the future theyll
be able to shine around corners too.
Scientists at Bayer MaterialScience came up with an electroluminescent film that
lights up when an electric current is applied even when the film is bent, rolled or
folded. Development of this exciting new material has been entrusted to start-up
company
lyttron Technology, a subsidiary of Bayer MaterialScience.
For designers this is undoubtedly a dream come true. And for Bayer MaterialScience
one of the worlds largest manufacturers of high-tech polymers its another
milestone in customer-oriented innovation. This companys portfolio also includes
polyurethane and polycarbonate products, along with materials for coatings,
adhesives, insulating materials and sealants. With this spectrum of activities, the
company has one overriding goal: to continually enhance the quality of life.
|
|
|
2 Contents
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Schering acquisition crowns a strong year
Dear Stockholders:
We look back with satisfaction on an eventful and successful 2006 a landmark
year for Bayer, both strategically and operationally. Our employees around the
world have good reason to be proud of last years accomplishments:
|
|
By acquiring Schering, Berlin, Germany, in what was the
largest corporate transaction in Bayers history, we further
optimized our product portfolio and successfully continued the
Groups realignment. |
|
|
We increased sales considerably, and operating
performance (
ebit and ebitda before special items) was at an all-time
high. |
|
|
In China, we inaugurated production facilities
representing Bayers largest-ever capital expenditure project outside
Germany. |
The years outstanding event was our acquisition of Schering AG for
approximately 17 billion. The Schering business ideally complements our
existing pharmaceutical activities, and the new Bayer Schering Pharma AG is
among the worlds leading suppliers of specialty pharmaceuticals. Our
attractive product portfolio and well-stocked research and development pipeline
offer excellent prospects for future success. We are convinced that Bayer
Schering Pharma will strengthen our HealthCare business and with it the
entire Bayer Group for the long term.
The integration process is proceeding as planned. We are well on track to
achieve the communicated synergy goal of 700 million annually by 2009.
The Schering acquisition is founded on a balanced financing package of cash,
borrowings and equity transactions. In addition to the mandatory convertible
bond issued in March, we successfully placed 34 million new Bayer shares, worth
1.2 billion, in July.
We continued to focus our portfolio by divesting the diagnostics business and
the subsidiaries H.C. Starck and Wolff Walsrode. The substantial proceeds of
these transactions will help to reduce debt.
We also scored considerable success in our business operations:
|
|
Sales rose 17 percent to 29 billion. Adjusted for
currency fluctuations, the effect of the Schering acquisition and other
portfolio changes, growth amounted to 5 percent. |
|
|
ebitda before special items climbed by 21 percent from the
prior year, to 5.6 billion. That gave us an underlying ebitda
margin of 19.3 percent, in line with our earnings guidance for 2006. |
|
|
ebit before special items moved ahead 14 percent to a
record high of 3.5 billion, while ebit after special items advanced
by 10 percent to 2.8 billion. |
|
|
|
4 Chairmans Letter |
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
Of course we want you, our stockholders, to benefit from our
economic success. We therefore propose to raise the dividend for 2006 by 5
percent to 1.00 per share.
Our good business performance is also reflected in the value of Bayer stock.
The share price rose above 40 in 2006 for the first time in five years.
Last year alone, our market capitalization grew by 20 percent to more than
31 billion. We will do all we can to ensure that this encouraging
performance continues in the future.
Our success greatly depends on the skills and the dedication of more than
100,000 Bayer employees throughout the world, whom I would expressly like to
thank on behalf of the entire Board of Management. Without their support, we
could not have accomplished so much over the past year. We continue to rely on
their high commitment and motivation.
Now let us look at the performance of the subgroups.
Sales of Bayer HealthCare rose considerably, thanks to the Schering
acquisition and above-market growth in all divisions. We successfully
introduced new products to the market and boosted the potential of existing
products through expanded registrations.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
Chairmans Letter 5 |
Including Scherings sales prior to the acquisition date as well
gave Bayer Schering Pharma total pro forma sales of more than 10
billion for 2006 a very substantial revenue base.
Together with the Consumer Care, Diabetes Care and Animal Health divisions,
which all hold leading international positions and also performed impressively
last year, HealthCare will account for nearly 50 percent of Bayer Group sales in
the future. As you can see, these activities are growing quickly and profitably.
Bayer CropScience stood up comparatively well to difficult market conditions in
2006. Our conventional crop protection business in particular had to contend
with adverse weather conditions, heightening competition from generic products
and the increasing cultivation of genetically modified crops. The company is
implementing a new cost structure program to sustainably improve earnings.
Innovation and growth prospects at Bayer CropScience are closely linked to the
major opportunities presented by plant biotechnology. I for one believe that
biotechnology is one of the most important technologies of the 21st century
and it will be of fundamental value to Bayer CropScience in mastering future
challenges.
At Bayer MaterialScience, sales again developed well and earnings almost matched
the high level of the previous year. Margins were squeezed primarily by the
sharp rise in petrochemical feedstock and energy costs, along with unplanned
production interruptions.
In polycarbonates we achieved a special milestone in 2006 , becoming the worlds
number one supplier. This means Bayer is now the global leader in both
polyurethanes and poly-carbonates.
In China we are implementing our biggest capital expenditure project to date
outside Germany, with a volume of approximately US$ 1.8 billion through 2009.
By building the facilities at the Bayer Integrated Site in Shanghai, Bayer
MaterialScience has laid the foundation for further growth in the highly
promising Asia-Pacific region, and China in particular.
We remain confident for 2007 and aim to boost Group sales by more than 10
percent. Adjusted for portfolio and currency effects, business should expand by
about 5 percent. We plan to increase underlying ebitda by more than 10 percent
as well, and also slightly improve our underlying ebitda margin.
Yet apart from the kind of corporate success that can be expressed in terms of
sales and earnings, another aspect is very important to me. Our products are
of great value to humankind and contribute substantially to improving the
quality of life. They extend the health of people and animals, help ensure the
quality and adequacy of food supplies, make cars safer, improve home living
and contribute to climate protection. Thus the achievements of our employees
are in evidence everywhere.
|
|
|
6 Chairmans Letter |
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Our products save lives, improve conditions and are indispensable to
many people. That is enormously motivating and a source of great satisfaction
and pride.
In 2006 we also ran more than 300 activities that testify to our corporate
social responsibility, ranging from training for young environmentalists around
the world through programs for school students and talented scientists to the
development of health care plans and projects to ease social hardship.
Bayer is mindful of its social responsibilities and is particularly committed
to the principle of sustainability. We are a strong advocate of responsible
corporate governance and business ethics, and we require strict observance of
our corporate compliance program.
This year again, we want to live up to our mission statement Bayer: Science
For A Better Life. And Im already sure we can succeed not least because we
can count on an exceptionally dedicated workforce. An example is the response
to our new Triple-i initiative (inspiration, ideas, innovation), which is
helping to strengthen the innovation culture throughout the Bayer Group.
Employees around the world had already submitted more than 1,900 business ideas
by the end of 2006. Many of these proposals show how Bayer could help to solve
problems in the future by developing new lines of business that are in keeping
with our mission statement.
We believe one of our most important tasks is not just to ensure a strong
current performance, but at the same time to create the conditions for
long-term success. Last year we took a major stride in that direction in the
interest of the company, our employees and, of course, our stockholders.
In closing, I would like to thank you on behalf of the Board of Management for
your trust and your support. We will do everything in our power to live up to
the expectations placed in us for 2007.
Sincerely,
/s/ Werner Wennig
Werner Wenning
Chairman of the Board of Management of Bayer AG
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
Board of Management 7 |
WERNER WENNING
Chairman of the Bayer AG Board of Management since April 2002. Born in
1946, Werner Wenning joined the company in 1966 as a commercial trainee. He held
a number of positions with Bayer in Germany and abroad, serving as managing
director of Bayer subsidiaries in Peru and Spain and later as Head of the
Corporate Planning and Controlling Division. Wenning was appointed to the Board
of Management as Chief Financial Officer in February 1997. Since September 2005
he has also been President of the German Chemical Industry Association.
KLAUS KüHN
Chief Financial Officer and responsible for the Europe region. Born in
1952, Klaus Kühn studied mathematics and physics at the Technical University of
Berlin, Germany, gaining a mathematics degree in 1978. He also studied in the
United States, where he obtained a Master of Business Administration. Kühn
joined Bayer AG in 1998 as Head of the Finance Section, and shortly afterwards
was made Head of the Group Finance Division. He was appointed to the Bayer AG
Board of Management in May 2002.
DR. WOLFGANG PLISCHKE
Responsible for Innovation, Technology and Environment and the Asia-Pacific region. Born in 1951, Wolfgang Plischke studied biology at the University
of Hohenheim, Germany. After gaining his Ph.D., Plischke began his career with
Bayer in 1980, first joining the subsidiary Miles Diagnostics. After holding a
number of positions in Germany and abroad, he became Head of the Pharmaceuticals
Business Group in North America in 2000, and two years later took over
responsibility for the Pharmaceuticals Business Group of Bayer AG. Plischke was
appointed to the Bayer AG Board of Management in March 2006.
DR. RICHARD POTT
The member responsible for Strategy and Human Resources and the Americas,
Africa and Middle East regions, Dr. Richard Pott is also Bayer AGs Labor
Director. Born in 1953, Richard Pott studied physics at the University of Cologne,
Germany, where he obtained his Ph.D. In 1984 he joined the companys Central
Research Division. After holding various positions in the Corporate Staff Division
he became Head of the former Specialty Products Business Group in 1999. Pott was
appointed to the Bayer AG Board of Management in May 2002.
|
|
|
8 Board of Management |
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
Report of the Supervisory Board 9 |
Report of the Supervisory Board |
Dear Stockholders:
During 2006 the Supervisory Board monitored the conduct of the companys
business and acted in an advisory capacity. We performed these functions on the
basis of detailed written and oral reports received from the Board of
Management. In addition, the Chairman of the Supervisory Board and the Chairman
of the Board of Management maintained a constant exchange of information and
ideas. In this way the Supervisory Board was kept continuously informed about
the companys intended business strategy, corporate planning (including
financial, investment and human resources planning), earnings performance, the
state of the business and the situation in the company and the Group as a
whole.
The documents relating to Board of Management decisions or actions which by
law or under the articles of incorporation or the rules of procedure required
the approval of the Supervisory Board were inspected by the Supervisory Board at
its plenary meetings, sometimes after preparatory work by the committees. In
certain cases the Supervisory Board gave its approval on the basis of documents
circulated to its members. The meetings of the Supervisory Board were regularly
attended by the members of the Board of Management. The Supervisory Board was
involved in decisions of material importance to the company. We discussed at
length the business trends described in the reports from the Board of Management
and the prospects for the development of the Bayer Group as a whole, the
individual organizational units and the principal affiliated companies in
Germany and abroad. During 2006 there were six plenary meetings of the
Supervisory Board. On several further occasions, decisions relating to specific
acquisition or divestiture projects were made after circulation of documents to
the members. No member of the Supervisory Board attended fewer than half of the
meetings.
Principal topics discussed by the Supervisory Board
A major focus of the Supervisory Boards deliberations in 2006 was the
acquisition of Schering AG (now Bayer Schering Pharma AG). At an extraordinary
meeting on March 23, 2006, the Supervisory Board considered the acquisition
project and consented to the submission of a takeover offer.
The Supervisory Board also discussed and resolved upon measures to finance this
project through debt and equity issuances and divestments of subsidiaries. This
included the conclusion of agreements on a bridge financing and a syndicated
loan of 7 billion each and an equity raising of up to 4 billion.
The Supervisory Board formed a committee from among its members to which
decision-making powers in connection with the Schering AG acquisition project
and certain related financing measures were transferred to the extent legally
permissible, in order to allow a rapid response to new developments. The members
elected to this committee were Manfred Schneider, Hubertus Schmoldt, Ekkehard
Schulz and Thomas de Win.
|
|
|
10 Report of the Supervisory Board |
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
The Board of Management reported in detail at the Supervisory Board
meetings about the steps necessary to integrate Bayer Schering Pharma AG,
including the conclusion of a domination and profit and loss transfer agreement
and the squeeze-out of outside stockholders and transfer of their shares to the
principal stockholder.
At an extraordinary meeting on June 29, 2006, the Supervisory Board consented
to the sale of the global diagnostics business to Siemens. The Board of
Management presented status reports on other projects to develop the Groups
portfolio, such as the sale of the subsidiaries Wolff Walsrode and H.C. Starck
and the interest in GE Bayer Silicones, and the acquisition of the consumer
care business of Topsun. These projects received the Supervisory Boards
approval.
At the meeting in December 2006, the Board of Management presented its
operational, financial and balance sheet planning for the years 2007 through
2009, which was the subject of detailed discussion.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
Report of the Supervisory Board 11 |
Work of the committees
The Presidial Committee of the Supervisory Board, acting on authorizations
given by the plenary meeting, made decisions at four telephone conferences
relating to the issuance of a bond under the existing emtn program in May 2006
and the capital increase out of authorized capital in July 2006. The Presidial
Committee did not need to convene during 2006 in its capacity as the mediation
committee pursuant to Section 27, Paragraph 3 of the German Codetermination
Act.
The Audit Committee met four times during the year, concerning itself in
particular with the companys and the Groups financial reporting, including the
annual report to the u.s. Securities and Exchange Commission on Form 20-f.
Another area of focus was the Groups risk management system. The Audit Committee
solicited and discussed verbal reports from the Head of Corporate Auditing and
the Group Compliance Officer. The Audit Committee also set the budget for the
services of the external auditor and discussed with the auditor the main areas of
the audit for the 2006 fiscal year. It also discussed measures to implement
various requirements of the u.s. Sarbanes-Oxley Act including, in particular, the
submission of an assessment, attested to by the auditor, regarding the internal
controls over financial reporting introduced in the Group pursuant to Section 404
of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The auditor was present at all the meetings of the
Audit Committee, reporting in detail on the audit work and auditor review of
interim financial statements.
The Human Resources Committee convened on two occasions. It dealt with
matters relating to the remuneration of the Board of Management and with the
renewal of the contracts of Werner Wenning, Klaus Kühn and Richard Pott.
The committee formed in connection with the Schering AG acquisition project
held five telephone conferences and made decisions. It considered the
conditions for the purchase of shares, compensation offers to stockholders, and
the issuance of a mandatory convertible bond in April 2006 as part of the
related financing package.
The meetings and decisions of the committees were prepared on the basis of
reports and other information provided by the Board of Management, whose
members regularly attended the committee meetings. Reports on the committee
meetings were presented at the plenary meetings of the Supervisory Board.
Corporate governance
The Supervisory Board dealt with the ongoing development of corporate
governance at Bayer, taking into account the amendments made to the German
Corporate Governance Code in June 2006. In December 2006 the Board of
Management and the Supervisory Board issued a new Declaration of Conformity,
which is also contained in the Corporate Governance Report on page 19 forming
part of this Annual Report.
At its meeting in December 2006, the Supervisory Board reviewed the
efficiency of its own work and came to a positive conclusion.
|
|
|
12 Report of the Supervisory Board |
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Financial statements and audits
The financial statements and management report of Bayer AG were drawn up
according to the requirements of the German Commercial Code, while the
consolidated financial statements and management report of the Bayer Group
were prepared according to the principles of the International Financial
Reporting Standards (ifrs).
The financial statements of Bayer AG, the consolidated financial statements of
the Bayer Group, the management report of Bayer AG and the management report of
the Bayer Group have been examined by the auditor, PricewaterhouseCoopers
Aktiengesellschaft, Wirtschaftsprüfungsgesellschaft, Essen. The conduct of the
audit is explained in the Independent Auditors Report. The auditor finds that
Bayer has complied with the requirements of the German Commercial Code and the
International Financial Reporting Standards, respectively, and issues an
unqualified opinion on the financial statements of Bayer AG and the
consolidated financial statements of the Bayer Group. The financial statements
and management report of Bayer AG, the consolidated financial statements and
management report of the Bayer Group, and the audit reports were submitted to
all members of the Supervisory Board. They were discussed in detail by the
Audit Committee and at a plenary meeting of the Supervisory Board. The auditor
submitted a report on both occasions and was present during the discussions.
We examined the financial statements and management report of Bayer AG, the
proposal for distribution of the profit, and the consolidated financial
statements and management report of the Bayer Group. We found no objections,
thus we concur with the result of the audit. We have approved the financial
statements of Bayer AG and the consolidated financial statements of the Bayer
Group prepared by the Board of Management. The financial statements of Bayer AG
are thus confirmed. We are in agreement with the management reports of Bayer AG
and the Bayer Group and, in particular, with the assessment of the future
development of the enterprise. We also concur with the dividend policy and the
decisions concerning earnings retention by the company. We assent to the
proposal for distribution of the profit, which provides for payment of a
dividend of 1.00 per share.
Information pursuant to Section 289, Paragraph 4 and Section 315, Paragraph 4
of the German Commercial Code
At its meeting on March 12, 2007, the Supervisory Board considered the
information, and the report thereon, provided in the management report pursuant
to Section 289, Paragraph 4 and Section 315, Paragraph 4 of the German
Commercial Code. Reference is hereby made to this information, and the report
thereon, to be found in the management report on page 56 ff., which the
Supervisory Board has reviewed and with which it fully concurs.
The Supervisory Board would like to thank the Board of Management and all
employees for their dedication and hard work in 2006.
Leverkusen, March 2007
For the Supervisory
Board
/s/ Manfred Schneider
Dr. Manfred
Schneider
Chairman
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
Corporate Governance Report 13 |
Bayer again in compliance with the German Corporate Governance Code*
Bayer has always placed great importance on responsible corporate governance and will
continue to do so. Last year the company renewed its declaration that it is in full compliance with
the recommendations of the German Corporate Governance Code.
In 2006 the Board of Management and Supervisory Board again addressed the question of code
compliance, particularly in light of the new recommendations issued on June 12. The resulting
Declaration of Conformity (see page 19 ) was published in December 2006 and posted on Bayers
website along with previous declarations.
Supervisory Board: oversight and control functions
The role of the 20-member Supervisory Board is to oversee and advise the Board of Management. Under
the German Codetermination Act, half the members of the Supervisory Board are elected by the
stockholders, and half by the companys employees. The Supervisory Board is directly involved in
decisions on matters of fundamental importance to the company and confers with the Board of
Management on the companys strategic alignment. It also holds regular discussions with the Board
of Management on the companys business strategy and status of its implementation.
The Chairman of the Supervisory Board coordinates its work and presides over the meetings. Through
regular discussions with the Board of Management, the Supervisory Board is kept constantly informed
of business policy, corporate planning and strategy. The annual budget and the consolidated
financial statements of Bayer AG and the Bayer Group are submitted to the Supervisory Board to
obtain its approval, which must also take the auditors report into account. Details are provided
in the Report of the Supervisory Board on page 10 ff. of this Annual Report. The committees set up
by the Supervisory Board operate in compliance with the German Stock Corporation Act, the German
Corporate Governance Code, the u.s. Sarbanes-Oxley Act and the rules of the New York Stock
Exchange. The committees of the Supervisory Board are as follows:
Presidial Committee: This comprises two stockholder representatives and two employee
representatives. Its main task is to serve as the mediation committee pursuant to the German
Codetermination Act. It submits proposals to the Supervisory Board on the appointment of members of
the Board of Management if the necessary two-thirds majority is not achieved in the first vote at
a plenary meeting. The Supervisory Board has also delegated certain decision-making powers relating
to capital measures to the Presidial Committee.
|
|
|
* report pursuant to Section 3.10 of the German Corporate Governance Code |
|
|
www.bayer.com
> Bayer Group
> Corporate
Governance
|
|
|
14 Corporate Governance Report |
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Audit Committee: The Audit Committee, comprising three stockholder
representatives and three employee representatives, meets four times a year.
Its tasks include examining the companys internal and external accounting and
the quarterly reports and annual financial statements prepared by the Board of
Management. On the basis of the auditors report on the annual financial
statements, the Audit Committee submits proposals concerning their approval by
the full Supervisory Board. The Audit Committee also oversees the companys
internal control system along with the procedures used to identify, track and
manage risk, and monitors compliance with laws and statutory regulations.
The companys Corporate Auditing department reports regularly to the Audit
Committee, which also is responsible for the companys relationship with the
external auditors. The Audit Committee prepares the awarding of the audit
contract to the audit firm appointed by the Annual Stockholders Meeting,
suggests areas of focus for the audit and determines the auditors
remuneration. It also monitors the independence, qualifications, rotation and
efficiency of the auditors.
The Supervisory Board of Bayer AG has designated Dr. Manfred Schneider as an
Audit Committee Financial Expert pursuant to the Sarbanes-Oxley Act.
Human Resources Committee: On this committee, too, there is parity of
representation between stockholders and employees. It consists of the Chairman
of the Supervisory Board, one other stockholder representative and two employee
representatives. The Human Resources Committee prepares the personnel decisions
to be made by the Supervisory Board. In particular, it concludes service
contracts with the members of the Board of Management on behalf of the
Supervisory Board. It also provides advice on long-term succession planning for
the Board of Management.
Bayer Schering Pharma Committee: The Supervisory Board formed a committee from
among its members to which decision-making powers in connection with the
Schering AG acquisition project and certain related financing measures were
transferred to the extent legally permissible, in order to allow a rapid
response to new developments.
Compensation report
The compensation of the Supervisory Board is based on the provisions of the
Articles of Incorporation, the current version of which was adopted by the
stockholders at the Annual Stockholders Meeting on April 29, 2005. This
provides that, in addition to reimbursement of their expenses, each member of
the Supervisory Board receives fixed annual remuneration of 60,000 and a
variable annual remuneration component. The variable remuneration component is
based on corporate performance in terms of the gross cash flow reported in the
Group financial statements for the fiscal year. The members of the Supervisory
Board receive 2,000 for every 50,000,000 or part thereof by which the
gross cash flow exceeds 3,100,000,000, but the variable component for each
member may not exceed 30,000.
In accordance with the provisions of the German Corporate Governance Code,
additional remuneration is paid to the Chairman and Vice Chairman of the
Supervisory Board and for chairing and membership of committees. The Chairman of
the Supervisory Board receives three times the basic remuneration, while the
Vice Chairman receives one-and-a-half times the basic remuneration. Members of
the Supervisory Board who are also members of a committee receive an additional
one quarter of the amount, with those chairing a committee receiving a further
quarter. However, no member of the Supervisory Board may receive total
remuneration exceeding three times the basic remuneration. If changes are made
to the Supervisory Board and its committees during the fiscal year, members
receive remuneration on a pro-rated basis. The following table shows the
remuneration of individual members of the Supervisory Board for fiscal 2006. No
remuneration or benefits were paid for personal services, in particular, the
provision of consultancy or intermediary services.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
Corporate Governance Report 15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed |
|
|
Variable |
|
|
|
|
Remuneration of the Members of the Supervisory Board |
|
Remuneration |
|
|
Remuneration |
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dr. Paul Achleitner |
|
|
75,000.00 |
|
|
|
37,500.00 |
|
|
|
112,500.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dr. Josef Ackermann |
|
|
60,000.00 |
|
|
|
30,000.00 |
|
|
|
90,000.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Andreas Becker |
|
|
60,000.00 |
|
|
|
30,000.00 |
|
|
|
90,000.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Karl-Josef Ellrich |
|
|
75,000.00 |
|
|
|
37,500.00 |
|
|
|
112,500.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dr. Thomas Fischer |
|
|
75,000.00 |
|
|
|
37,500.00 |
|
|
|
112,500.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Erhard Gipperich |
|
|
8,917.81 |
|
|
|
4,458.91 |
|
|
|
13,376.72 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Peter Hausmann |
|
|
50,958.90 |
|
|
|
25,479.45 |
|
|
|
76,438.35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thomas Hellmuth |
|
|
60,000.00 |
|
|
|
30,000.00 |
|
|
|
90,000.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prof. Dr.-Ing. e. h. Hans-Olaf Henkel |
|
|
75,000.00 |
|
|
|
37,500.00 |
|
|
|
112,500.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reiner Hoffmann |
|
|
13,479.45 |
|
|
|
6,739.73 |
|
|
|
20,219.18 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gregor Jüsten |
|
|
54,904.11 |
|
|
|
27,452.05 |
|
|
|
82,356.16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dr. rer. pol. Klaus Kleinfeld |
|
|
60,000.00 |
|
|
|
30,000.00 |
|
|
|
90,000.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dr. h. c. Martin Kohlhaussen |
|
|
105,000.00 |
|
|
|
52,500.00 |
|
|
|
157,500.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
John Christian Kornblum |
|
|
60,000.00 |
|
|
|
30,000.00 |
|
|
|
90,000.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Petra Kronen |
|
|
75,000.00 |
|
|
|
37,500.00 |
|
|
|
112,500.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hubertus Schmoldt |
|
|
86,671.23 |
|
|
|
43,335.62 |
|
|
|
130,006.85 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dr. Manfred Schneider (Chairman) |
|
|
180,000.00 |
|
|
|
90,000.00 |
|
|
|
270,000.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dieter Schulte |
|
|
42,904.11 |
|
|
|
21,452.05 |
|
|
|
64,356.16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dr.-Ing. Ekkehard D. Schulz |
|
|
71,671.23 |
|
|
|
35,835.62 |
|
|
|
107,506.85 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dipl.-Ing. Dr.-Ing. e. h. Jürgen Weber |
|
|
60,000.00 |
|
|
|
30,000.00 |
|
|
|
90,000.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Siegfried Wendlandt |
|
|
24,246.58 |
|
|
|
12,123.29 |
|
|
|
36,369.87 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thomas de Win (Vice Chairman) |
|
|
124,273.97 |
|
|
|
62,136.99 |
|
|
|
186,410.96 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prof. Dr. Dr. h. c. Ernst-Ludwig Winnacker |
|
|
60,000.00 |
|
|
|
30,000.00 |
|
|
|
90,000.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Legislation on the disclosure of the compensation paid to members of the
Board of Management came into force in Germany during the fiscal year. It
specifies where such compensation is to be disclosed and the content of
individual disclosures. In accordance with the provisions of this law, the
compensation of the Board of Management is presented and published uniformly in
a compensation report in the management reports of Bayer AG and the Bayer
Group. To avoid dual presentation of the data, this Corporate Governance Report
explicitly adopts, and makes reference to, the presentation in the management
reports of Bayer AG and the Bayer Group (see page 76 ff.). This also applies to
the description of stock option programs for the Board of Management (see page
76 ff.) and employees (see Note [26.1] to the financial statements (page 177
ff.).
Personal liability in place of a deductible
With regard to the recommendation in the German Corporate Governance Code that
a deductible be agreed for any d&o (directors and officers liability)
insurance, the companys d&o insurance does not cover intentional breach of
duty and thus there is no deductible.
Instead, personal declarations have been given by the members of the Board of
Management and Supervisory Board that, should they cause damage to the company
or third parties through gross negligence (by German standards) in the
performance of their duties, they undertake to pay for such damage up to the
equivalent of half their total annual remuneration for the year in which such
damage occurs. The members of the Supervisory Board undertake to pay for such
damage, if caused by them, up to the equivalent of the variable portion of
their respective annual remuneration as Supervisory Board members for the
relevant year.
|
|
|
16 Corporate Governance Report |
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Disclosure of securities transactions by members of the
Supervisory Board and Board of Management
To comply with Section 15a of the German Securities Trading Act, members of the
Board of Management and Supervisory Board and their close relatives are
required to disclose all transactions involving the purchase or sale of Bayer
stock where such transactions total 5,000 or more in a calendar year. Bayer
publishes details of such transactions immediately on its website and also
notifies the German Financial Supervisory Authority accordingly. No reportable
securities transactions were made in fiscal 2006 .
According to information filed with the company by members of the Board of
Management and Supervisory Board, their total holdings of Bayer stock and
related financial instruments amounted to less than 1 percent of the issued
stock on the closing date for the financial statements.
Systematic monitoring of all business activities
Bayer has an internal control system in place to ensure early identification of
any business or financial risks and enable it to manage such risks so as to
minimize any impact on the achievement of its commercial objectives. The control
system is designed to ensure timely and accurate accounting for all business
processes and the constant availability of reliable data on the companys
financial position. Where acquisitions are made during a fiscal year, we aim to
bring the acquired units internal control systems into line with those of the
Bayer Group as quickly as possible. However, the control and risk management
system cannot protect the company from all business risks. In particular, it
cannot provide absolute protection against losses or fraudulent actions.
Corporate Compliance Program
Our corporate activity is governed by national and local laws and statutes that
place a range of obligations on the Bayer Group and its employees throughout
the world. Bayer manages its business responsibly in compliance with the
statutory and regulatory requirements of the countries in which it operates.
The Board of Management has also issued guidelines to support legal compliance.
These are summarized in the Program for Legal Compliance and Corporate
Responsibility at Bayer (Corporate Compliance Program), which contains binding
rules on complying with international trade law, adhering to the principle of
fair competition and concluding contracts with business partners on fair terms.
To avoid conflicts of interest, every employee is required to separate
corporate and private interests. The program also lays down clear rules for
employee integrity toward the company and the responsible handling of insider
information.
Compliance Committees have been established at Bayer AG and each of its
subgroups and service companies. Each Compliance Committee includes at least
one legal counsel.
The role of these committees is to initiate and monitor systematic,
business-specific training and other measures necessary to ensure implementation
of the Corporate Compliance Program. They are also responsible for investigating
any suspected violations of the Corporate Compliance Program and, if necessary,
taking steps to rectify them. All Compliance Committees report at least once a
year to a coordination committee chaired by the Chief Financial Officer on any
violations notified to them, the investigations carried out and their outcomes,
and any corrective or disciplinary action taken. They also report on the
systematic training and implementation measures they have initiated to foster
compliance.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
Corporate Governance Report 17 |
All Bayer employees are required to immediately report any violations of
the Compliance Program. In Germany, a telephone hotline to a law firm has been
set up to allow this to be done anonymously.
Common values and leadership principles
The mission statement published in 2004 supplements the Corporate Compliance
Program and sets out the principles underlying Bayers corporate strategy. It
outlines the foundation of our corporate philosophy and activity to
stockholders, customers, employees and the general public. Common values and
leadership principles are considered essential for every employees daily work.
The values include a will to succeed; a passion for our stakeholders;
integrity, openness and honesty; respect for people and nature; and the
sustainability of our actions. The assessment of managers performance on the
basis of defined leadership principles helps to ensure adherence to these
values throughout the enterprise.
Detailed reporting
To maximize transparency, we provide regular and timely information on the
companys position and significant changes in business activities for
stockholders, financial analysts, stockholders associations, the media and the
general public. Bayer complies with the recommendations of the Corporate
Governance Code by publishing reports on business trends, earnings and the
Groups financial position four times a year. The annual consolidated financial
statements of the Bayer Group are published within 90 days following the end of
the fiscal year. In addition to the annual report, quarterly reports, news
conferences and analysts meetings, Bayer publishes the reports on Form 20-f
(annual report) and Form 6-k (e.g. quarterly report) as required by the u.s.
Securities and Exchange Commission (sec). Bayer also uses the Internet as a
platform for timely disclosure of information, including details of the dates of
major publications and events such as the annual and quarterly reports and the
Annual Stockholders Meeting.
In line with the principle of fair disclosure, we provide the same
information to all stockholders and all main target groups. All significant
new facts are disclosed immediately. Stockholders also have timely access to
the information that Bayer publishes in foreign countries in compliance with
local stock market regulations.
In addition to our regular reporting, we issue ad-hoc statements on developments
that might not otherwise become publicly known but have the potential to
materially affect the price of Bayer stock.
Investor protection in compliance with the Sarbanes-Oxley Act
Since Bayer stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange (nyse), the Bayer
Group also has to comply with certain u.s. capital market laws, including the
rules of the u.s. stock exchange regulator, the Securities and Exchange
Commission (sec) , and the Sarbanes-Oxley Act adopted in 2002. Section 404 of
the Sarbanes-Oxley Act requires companies to establish and maintain a system of
internal controls over financial reporting to protect investors and maintain
their confidence in corporate accounting, management and oversight.
At the end of 2003, Bayer initiated a Group-wide project to implement an
internal control system for financial reporting in order to ensure compliance
with Section 404 (Management Assessment of Internal Controls) of the
Sarbanes-Oxley Act. The main focus of this project was to ensure uniform
Group-wide procedures to document material business processes, identify risks
affecting financial reporting, audit the effectiveness of internal controls and
perform a central assessment of the internal control system for the Bayer
Group. Compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act resulted in a
substantial increase in the documentation and auditing workload in 2006.
www.investor.bayer.com
> Events
> Calendar
|
|
|
18 Corporate Governance Report |
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
A separate department was established at the holding company in 2005 to
define and introduce Group-wide standards for the internal control system (ics)
and to coordinate and monitor their implementation at Group companies. A system
applied throughout the Group ensures uniform and audit-proof documentation and
archiving of all ics -relevant business processes, together with the associated
risks and controls. The management assesses the effectiveness of the controls
during the year. The findings are documented and presented transparently at
Group level in a central it system. These data are the basis for the central
assessment of the Groups internal control system at year end.
The management of Group companies holds local responsibility for ensuring and
overseeing compliance with Section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act. That
includes in particular providing guidance and support for line functions on
establishing, maintaining and upgrading their internal control systems to
align them with Group-wide ics standards. Many companies in the Bayer Group
have appointed ics managers to support local management in these tasks.
The Bayer Groups internal control system is designed to enable the Board of
Management and senior executives to assess the reliability of financial
reporting with a sufficient degree of assurance. As of December 31, 2006, the
Board of Management and senior executives assessed the effectiveness of the
internal control system on the basis of the coso framework (Committee of
Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission) for internal control
systems. With reference to these criteria, the Board of Management established
that as of December 31, 2006, the Bayer Group had an effective system of
internal controls over financial reporting.
Declaration by the Board of Management and the Supervisory Board of Bayer AG
concerning the German Corporate Governance Code (June 12, 2006 version)
pursuant to Section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act *
Under section 161 of the German Stock Corporation Act, the Board of
Management and the Supervisory Board of Bayer AG are required to issue an
annual declaration that the company has been, and is, in compliance with the
recommendations of the Government Commission on the German Corporate
Governance Code as published by the Federal Ministry of Justice in the
official section of the electronic Federal Gazette (Bundesanzeiger), or to
advise of any recommendations that have not been, or are not being, applied.
The declaration pursuant to section 161 of the Stock Corporation Act shall be
available to shareholders at all times. An annual declaration was last issued
in December 2005.
The Board of Management and the Supervisory Board declared in July 2006 that
Section 7.1.2. Sentence 3 of the Code, according to which interim reports are
to be publicly accessible within 45 days of the end of the reporting period,
would not be complied with for the interim reports as of June 30, 2006 or
September 30, 2006 because of the additional workload involved in including
Schering AG and its subsidiaries in the consolidated financial statements of
the Bayer Group.
With respect to the past, the following declaration refers to the June 2,
2005 version of the Code. With respect to present and future corporate
governance practices at Bayer AG, the following declaration refers to the
recommendations in the June 12, 2006 version of the Code.
The Board of Management and the Supervisory Board of Bayer AG hereby declare
that the company is in compliance with the recommendations of the Government
Commission on the German Corporate Governance Code as published by the
Federal Ministry of Justice in the official section of the electronic Federal
Gazette and has been in compliance except as stated in the supplementary
declaration of July 2006 since issuance of the last declaration of
conformity in December 2005.
|
|
|
|
|
Leverkusen, December 2006 |
|
|
|
|
For the Board of Management:
|
|
|
|
For the Supervisory Board: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wenning
|
|
Kühn
|
|
Dr. Schneider |
|
|
|
* |
|
This is an English translation of a German document. The German
document is the official and controlling version, and this English
translation in no event modifies, interprets or limits the official
German version. |
Acquisition of Schering gives Bayer stock further impetus
Bayer stock continued to appreciate in 2006, posting an overall
performance of 18.3 percent. Investor interest focused on the acquisition of
Schering. Dividend rises to 1.00 per share.
2006: a volatile stock market year ends on a positive note
The German equity market proved volatile in fiscal 2006. The dax initially
continued on the previous years upward path. However, concern about inflation
and interest rates in the United States triggered a global market downtrend in
May and June, with substantial falls in some stocks. Sound corporate profits
and buoyant mergers and acquisitions activity revived investor confidence at
the start of the second half and ushered in a new rally. The dax ended the year
up 22.0 percent at 6,597 points.
Performance of Bayer stock exceeds 18 percent
Bayer stock again developed very well, its price gaining 15.2 percent on the
year. Including the dividend of 0.95 per share paid in 2006, our stock
achieved a performance of 18.3 percent. This was only just below the
daxs performance but slightly above the Dow Jones euro stoxx
50sm index, in which Bayer is also included.
During the year the share price was driven mainly by factors relating to our
acquisition of Schering, Berlin, Germany. The announcement on March 23, 2006 of
our intention to acquire Schering triggered a period of turbulent trading in
Bayer stock, with a very high turnover at times. The tide turned in mid-June
2006, when it became increasingly clear that our public takeover offer would
succeed, and Bayer shares went on from there to gain over 30 percent by
year-end.
A 1.2 billion capital increase as part of the financing of this acquisition
raised the number of shares in issue by 34 million to 764.34 million. Market
capitalization increased by a total of 5.3 billion (+20.5 percent) on the
year, to 31.1 billion.
This capital increase and the effect of the 2.3 billion mandatory
convertible bond launched in April 2006 have to be taken into account in
calculating earnings per share for fiscal 2006. In computing earnings per share,
ordinary shares to be issued when the conversion rights from this bond issue are
exercised have to be counted together with already issued shares, so basic and
diluted earnings per share are identical. Details on the calculation of earnings
per share are given on page 152.
|
|
|
20 Investor Information |
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
Investor Information 21 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Stock Data |
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Earnings per share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.19 |
|
|
|
2.22 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core earnings per share1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2.84 |
|
|
|
3.24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash flow per share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
4.26 |
|
|
|
5.12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity per share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
15.28 |
|
|
|
16.81 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividend per share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
0.95 |
|
|
|
1.00 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Year-end price2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
35.29 |
|
|
|
40.66 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
High for the year2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
35.92 |
|
|
|
40.92 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Low for the year2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
22.02 |
|
|
|
30.56 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total dividend payment |
|
|
million |
|
|
|
694 |
|
|
|
764 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares entitled to the dividend (Dec. 31) |
|
million |
|
|
|
730.34 |
|
|
|
764.34 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Market capitalization (Dec. 31) |
|
|
billion |
|
|
|
25.8 |
|
|
|
31.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average daily trading volume |
|
million |
|
|
|
4.1 |
|
|
|
5.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Price/earnings ratio2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
16.1 |
|
|
|
18.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Price/cash flow ratio2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
8.3 |
|
|
|
7.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dividend yield |
|
|
% |
|
|
|
2.7 |
|
|
|
2.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
For details on the calculation of core earnings per share, see page 25. |
|
2 |
|
XETRA closing prices; Source: Bloomberg |
Proposed dividend of 1.00 per share
The Board of Management and Supervisory Board will propose to the Annual
Stockholders Meeting that that the dividend be raised by 5.3 percent to
1.00 per share. The higher per-share amount and the larger number of
shares due to the capital increase boost the payout by 10.1 percent to 764
million. The dividend yield calculated on the year-end price amounts to 2.5
percent.
Despite the substantial expenditures for the Schering acquisition, this dividend
is intended to ensure that stockholders participate in the success Bayer
experienced in 2006 and demonstrate the confidence of the Board of Management and
Supervisory Board in the Groups future development.
Debt issues support financing of Schering acquisition
Bayers borrowings generally take the form of bond issues under the companys
European Medium Term Notes (emtn) program. The larger Bayer AG bonds launched
under this program are included in the major bond indices in light of their
benchmark issue volumes and their liquidity. In addition, the Group issues
innovative, separately documented debenture types and u.s. bonds under Rule
144a.
In 2006 Bayer offered investors several attractive issues. As part of the
financing package for the Schering acquisition, a 2.3 billion mandatory
convertible bond was issued by Bayer Capital Corp. in April 2006 and placed with
institutional investors. This subordinated bond, which is guaranteed by Bayer
AG, has a coupon of 6.625% . It was the largest mandatory convertible bond
placement in Europe to date. Investors may convert the bond into shares of Bayer
AG during the term of the bond, which runs until June 2009. If they have not
done so by then, the bond will automatically convert into shares. Because of its
structure, the rating agencies Moodys and Standard & Poors treat the mandatory
convertible bond entirely as
equity and do not regard it as debt for credit rating purposes. For information
on Bayers credit rating, see section on financial strategy on page 52.
|
|
|
22 Investor Information |
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
Investor Information 23 |
|
|
|
In May 2006 Bayer AG issued three bonds under its emtn program, again to help finance the
acquisition of Schering. The first is a three-year floating rate note in a nominal amount of
1.6 billion which bears interest at 0.225 percent above the 3-month Euribor rate. The second is
a 1 billion issue with a seven-year term and a coupon of 4.5 percent. The third, a sterling
(gbp) issue, has a coupon of 5.625 percent and a maturity of 13 years. In December 2006 Bayer
utilized the very favorable capital market conditions to increase this issue by gbp 100 million to
a total of gbp 350 million, giving Bayers first-ever sterling bond benchmark volume and appealing
to investors in a further currency zone. The issue was fully swapped into euros.
The hybrid bond in the nominal amount of 1.3 billion issued in 2005 was reclassified by
Standard & Poors as a result of a change to that agencys rating methodology. In computing debt
indicators, s&p now treats 50 percent of this issue as equity and 50 percent as debt. Moodys
continues to treat 75 percent as equity.
Investor relations activities focus on the acquisition
Investors interest in 2006 centered on the acquisition of Schering. Bayers management and
investor relations team met with analysts and investors at roadshows and investor conferences on
nearly 60 days.
The principal topics addressed at these meetings, apart from the strategic reasons for acquiring
Schering, were the late-stage projects in Bayers pharmaceuticals development pipeline, the
restructuring of CropScience, trends on the polymers markets and the impact of the Schering
acquisition on Bayers credit rating.
An innovative conference format entitled Meet Management, which was introduced in May, proved
especially attractive. Representatives of the investment community were invited to Leverkusen for
intensive small-group discussions with members of the management boards of our holding company and
subgroups about the performance of the Bayer Group and its subsidiaries.
We also set up a hotline on the Schering acquisition to give private investors full and timely
information on matters relating to the tender of their shares. The Internet was used as an
additional information channel, particularly to reach individual stockholders. Wherever
practicable, all conference calls and meetings are streamed live on the Internet to ensure their
accessibility to all interested parties.
www.investor.bayer.com
|
|
|
24 Investor Information
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
Calculation of core earnings per share
Earnings per share according to ifrs are affected by the purchase price allocation (see page 136
ff.) and other special factors. To enhance comparability, we also determine core net income from
continuing operations after elimination of the amortization of intangible assets, asset write-downs
(including any impairment losses), special items in ebitda and extraordinary factors affecting
income from investments in affiliated companies (such as divestment gains or write-downs),
including the related tax effects.
The calculation of earnings per share in accordance with ifrs is explained in the notes to the
financial statements on page 152. Adjusted core net income, core earnings per share and core ebit
are not defined in the International Financial Reporting Standards. Therefore they should be
regarded as supplementary information rather than stand-alone indicators.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Calculation of Core EBIT and Core Earnings per Share |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT as per income statement |
|
|
2,514 |
|
|
|
2,762 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Amortization and write-downs of intangible assets |
|
|
550 |
|
|
|
734 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Write-downs of property, plant and equipment |
|
|
55 |
|
|
|
107 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items (other than write-downs) |
|
|
480 |
|
|
|
909 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core EBIT |
|
|
3,599 |
|
|
|
4,512 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-operating result (as per income statement) |
|
|
(602 |
) |
|
|
(782 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Extraordinary income/loss from investments in affiliated companies |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(236 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes (as per income statement) |
|
|
(538 |
) |
|
|
(454 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Tax adjustment |
|
|
(386 |
) |
|
|
(531 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income after taxes attributable to minority interest (as per income statement) |
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
(12 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core net income from continuing operations |
|
|
2,075 |
|
|
|
2,497 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financing expenses for the mandatory convertible bond, net of tax effects |
|
|
|
|
|
|
72 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted core net income |
|
|
2,075 |
|
|
|
2,569 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Shares
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Weighted average number of issued ordinary shares* |
|
|
730,341,920 |
|
|
|
746,456,988 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Potential shares to be issued upon conversion of the mandatory convertible bond |
|
|
|
|
|
|
45,300,595 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adjusted weighted average total number of issued and potential |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ordinary shares |
|
|
730,341,920 |
|
|
|
791,757,583 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Core earnings per share from continuing operations () |
|
|
2.84 |
|
|
|
3.24 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
including new shares from the capital increase on a pro-rated basis |
|
|
|
Management Report
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
|
à Overview of Sales, Earnings and Financial Position |
|
à Operating Environment in 2006 |
|
à Changes in Corporate Structure |
|
à Performance by Subgroup and Segment |
|
à Performance by Region |
|
à Value Management |
|
à Liquidity and Capital Resources |
|
à Earnings Performance |
|
à Asset and Capital Structure |
|
à Proposal for Distribution of the Profit |
|
à Employees |
|
à Procurement and Distribution |
|
à Research and Development |
|
à Sustainable Development |
|
à Corporate Social Responsibility |
|
à Compensation Report |
|
à Risk Report |
|
à Subsequent Events |
|
à Future Perspectives |
|
à Economic outlook and market opportunities in 2007 |
|
à Business strategy |
|
à Bayer Group sales and earnings forecast |
|
à Subgroups sales and earnings forecasts |
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Management Report 25 |
|
|
|
2006 a record year for Bayer
Pharmaceuticals business decisively strengthened
|
|
Sales up 17 percent to 29 billion |
|
|
|
Operating performance at an all-time high
ebitda before special items climbs 21 percent to
5.6 billion
ebit before special items advances 14 percent to 3.5 billion |
|
|
|
Group net income rises 5 percent to 1.7 billion |
|
|
|
Earning power expected to further improve in 2007 |
Overview of Sales, Earnings and Financial Position
Bayer had a very successful year in 2006, both operationally and strategically. In June, we
decisively strengthened our pharmaceuticals business with the acquisition of Schering AG, Berlin,
Germany. This is the most significant corporate transaction in Bayers history and gives us leading
market positions in specialty pharmaceuticals. We successfully implemented our divestiture program
with the sale of our Diagnostics Division and the H.C. Starck and Wolff Walsrode activities.
We improved the performance data of our businesses, in some cases substantially, compared to the
previous year.
Sales of
the Bayer Group grew 17.2 percent to 29.0 billion, from 24.7 billion in 2005. The
total for 2006 includes 3.1 billion in revenues from the Schering business in the period from
June 23, 2006. Adjusted for currency and portfolio effects, Group sales rose by 5.2 percent, with
HealthCare and MaterialScience up 10.0 and 7.2 percent, respectively, and CropScience down 2.3
percent, from the prior year.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in Sales |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Volumes |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
+5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Prices |
|
|
+7 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Exchange rates |
|
|
+1 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Portfolio changes |
|
|
+10 |
|
|
|
+12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
ebitda
before special items rose by 21.3 percent to the record level of 5,584 million,
from 4,602 million in 2005, yielding an underlying ebitda margin of 19.3 percent in line with
our 2006 target. HealthCare saw a 75.7 percent jump in earnings, with ebitda before special items
advancing to
2,613 million, from 1,487 million in 2005. The increase was due to a 774
million contribution from the acquired business of Schering AG, Germany, and gratifying business
development in all divisions. CropScience posted underlying ebitda of 1,204 million, a decline
of 5.4 percent in difficult market conditions. Here, cost savings partially offset a price- and
volume-related squeeze on margins. MaterialScience
|
|
|
26 Management Report
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
Bayer Group Quarterly Sales in 2006
million
HealthCare Quarterly Sales in 2006
million
CropScience Quarterly Sales in 2006
million
MaterialScience Quarterly Sales in 2006
million
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Management Report 27 |
|
|
|
earnings nearly equaled the previous years outstanding level, with underlying ebitda falling
just 4.9 percent to 1,677 million. However, earnings were diminished by a sharp increase in raw
material costs and by unscheduled production interruptions in the fourth quarter.
Bayer Group ebit before special items, boosted by a 178 million contribution from
the
Schering business, climbed by 14.2 percent to a record high of 3,479 million, from 3,047
million in 2005.
ebit in 2006 was diminished by net special charges of 717 million, compared with
533
million in the prior year. Of the net special charges for 2006, HealthCare accounted for 402
million, CropScience for 57 million and MaterialScience for 218 million. Special charges of
273 million (net) were related to the acquisition and integration of Schering AG, Germany,
200 million (2005 : 109 million) to restructuring, 172 million
(net) (2005: 451
million) to litigation, and 72 million (net) (2005: 27 million net gain) to other effects.
ebit
after special items improved by 9.9 percent to 2,762 million, from 2,514 million in 2005.
After a
non-operating result of minus 782 million ( 2005: minus 602 million), pre-tax
income was 1,980 million (2005: 1,912 million). The non-operating result contained a
236 million gain from the sale of our 49.9 percent interest in GE Bayer Silicones and net
interest expense of
728 million (2005: 338 million), including 370 million in interest
expense for the immediate financing of the Schering AG acquisition. After tax expense of 454
million (2005: 538 million), income after taxes from continuing operations rose to 1,526
million (2005: 1,374 million). The reduction in tax expense was due primarily to one-time
income due to increased usability of tax loss carryforwards. Including the result of discontinued
operations and after minority stockholders interest, net income of the Bayer Group improved to
1,683 million (2005: 1,597 million). Earnings per share came to 2.22
(2005: 2.19).
Gross cash flow increased by 799 million to 3,913 million (2005:
3,114 million) due to
the gratifying growth in business and the inclusion of Schering AG, Germany. Net cash flow advanced
by 21.7 percent to 3,928 million. The total net cash flow including discontinued operations was
4,203 million.
Net debt
amounted to 17.5 billion at December 31, 2006, compared to 5.5 billion at the end
of 2005. Thus, despite the purchase price of approximately 17 billion for Schering AG, net debt
rose by only 12 billion, taking into account the Schering shares not yet acquired and an
advance payment of 0.4 billion received on the sale of the Diagnostics Division. The purchase
price payments received at the beginning of 2007 for Diagnostics and H.C. Starck, along with the
expected proceeds from the divestiture of Wolff Walsrode, are intended to contribute to a further
substantial reduction in net debt during 2007.
|
|
|
28 Management Report
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
Bayer Group Quarterly EBITDA Before Special Items in 2006
million
HealthCare Quarterly EBITDA Before Special Items in 2006
million
CropScience Quarterly EBITDA Before Special Items in 2006
million
MaterialScience Quarterly EBITDA Before Special Items in 2006
million
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Management Report 29 |
We also had a successful fourth quarter. Thanks to strong business gains in HealthCare, Group
sales moved ahead 25.1 percent to 8.0 billion, of which Schering, Berlin, Germany, accounted
for 1.5 billion. Adjusted for currency and portfolio effects, Group sales rose by 5.7 percent,
with business expanding by 10.6 percent at HealthCare and 7.4 percent at MaterialScience. Currency-
and portfolio-adjusted sales of CropScience were at the previous years level (+0.4 percent), with
business at a low level in Brazil.
Underlying
ebitda in the fourth quarter climbed by 34.3 percent year on year, to 1,258 million,
including a 352 million contribution from the Schering business. There was again a pleasing
improvement in EBITDA performance of all the HealthCare divisions in the fourth quarter, while
earnings of MaterialScience and CropScience declined. ebit before special items amounted to 622
million, against 553 million in the same period of 2005. Net special charges came to 416
million, with Bayer HealthCare accounting for most of these items. EBIT after special items came in
at
206 million (Q4 2005: 129 million). Including tax income of 130 million, Group net
income was 311 million (Q4 2005: 46 million). Earnings per share for the quarter were
0.41 (Q4
2005: 0.06). Net cash flow advanced 26.3 percent to 1,493 million (Q4 2005:
1,182 million). The total net cash flow including discontinued operations was 1,578 million
(Q4 2005: 1,309 million).
Operating Environment in 2006
The dynamic pace of global economic growth established in 2005 continued into 2006, although
the upswing slowed somewhat during the course of the year. Economic expansion nonetheless remained
remarkably robust and became much more broadly based. The positive economic trend spurred the
employment markets of the major industrialized countries, boosting private consumption. Growth in
the emerging economies remained basically robust throughout the year.
The economy of the United States showed very good growth in the first quarter, but weakened
markedly as the year progressed due to tighter monetary policy and higher energy prices. Although
dampened by the weakness of the real estate market, private
consumption remained the
u.s. economys
primary growth engine, with a substantial year-on-year increase. Industry investment also trended
very well through the fall of the year thanks to healthy corporate earnings and high capacity
utilization, but slowed toward year end.
In Europe, the upswing gained considerable steam, especially in the first half. The strong recovery
in Germany, in particular, stimulated the economies of the other
e.u. member states, and the euro
zone economy has since gathered significant momentum. On top of robust foreign demand, firmer
domestic demand also contributed increasingly to economic growth in this region. Private
consumption expanded far more strongly than in previous years, thanks primarily to fuller
employment. In addition, corporate investment activity picked up during the year thanks to higher
capacity utilization and continuing good financing conditions.
In Japan the economy continued to expand, even if the pace of growth temporarily weakened in the
summer. Buoyed by the sharp depreciation of the yen, exports rose rapidly and helped to stimulate
the economy, but domestic demand proved to be the real growth
|
|
|
30 Management Report
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
engine. The improvement in the employment market spurred private consumption, although
consumer sentiment deteriorated considerably in the second half. With capacity utilization at a
high level, order books well filled and corporate earnings strong, companies were more willing to
invest, thereby propping up the economy. By contrast, government spending declined markedly.
The emerging economies in Asia continued their robust expansion in the wake of strong global
economic growth, albeit at a slower pace in the second half. These countries benefited particularly
from high export demand from China, Japan and the United States, while private consumption showed a
slight decline almost throughout the region. A general increase in interest rates dampened
corporate investment activity. Despite government efforts to check the pace of expansion, the
Chinese economy again showed rapid growth, which continued to be driven by domestic demand.
Investment posted a double-digit increase and private consumption boomed. Exports again grew
strongly in addition, despite the slight appreciation of the yuan.
The economy remained strong in most countries of Latin America thanks to robust domestic demand and
the sharp rise in raw material prices in the first half of 2006, which benefited the raw material
exporters. Private consumer demand rose considerably, spurred by higher real incomes. The regions
economy is thus increasingly broadly based. The Mexican economy evolved better than expected during
the year, with high crude oil prices and continuing steady demand from the United States resulting
in stable growth despite political turbulence. Argentina and Venezuela also developed well, but had
to contend with high inflation rates. The only exception to this favorable overall picture was
Brazil, where growth was comparatively moderate.
The prescription medicines market posted stable growth of more than 6 percent in 2006, although the
pace of expansion was down slightly compared to the prior year. Trends varied greatly by region and
product segment. In North America, the
u.s. pharmaceuticals market recovered, expanding slightly
faster than the average, as was already the case in Canada. The major
u.s. companies saw sales of
some blockbuster drugs fall dramatically due to numerous patent expirations, but these declines
were offset by significant gains for cancer drugs and other specialty pharmaceuticals. Europe
continued to suffer from the health care policy environment, with the result that below-average
growth was recorded in all countries. Cardiovascular products and antibiotics, in particular,
showed a very weak trend, while cancer drugs posted double-digit growth rates. The Japanese market
stagnated due to the governments biennial price cuts, which took place in April. Emerging markets
such as Brazil, Mexico and China made particularly large contributions to the overall expansion in
the sector. In these markets, unlike those of the highly industrialized countries, growth was
strongest in the traditional primary care segments such as cardiovascular risk management and
metabolic disorders.
The crop protection market weakened in 2006 due to adverse weather conditions in the major
agricultural regions and the weakness of the Brazilian farming economy. Agriculture was
additionally hampered by high energy and fertilizer prices. The North and Latin American markets,
in particular, recorded sharp declines, though in Latin America there was some improvement toward
the end of the year. The European market held steady
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Management Report 31 |
|
|
|
year on year after conditions improved in the second half. The Asian market as a whole
trended slightly downward. In China, however, rising demand and the switch to modern chemical
products led to strong growth.
The three major industry sectors relevant to Bayer MaterialScience registered good to above-average
growth in 2006.
The expansion of the automotive industry in 2006 was spurred by strong growth in Asia
particularly in China and India and also in Japan, which is still the regions largest producer. By
contrast, the automotive sector shrank in western Europe and North America, the regions where there
is high replacement demand. The decline in western Europe was partly the result of a shift in
production toward eastern Europe and the Middle East. The slump in car sales in the United States
particularly impacted the big three
u.s. producers, which failed to respond to the growing demand
for more fuel-efficient vehicles.
The global construction industry posted growth of 3 percent in 2006 , thanks to the positive trend
not only in Asia and Latin America, but also in eastern Europe, Africa and the Middle East. On the
heels of market weakness in recent years, there was a gratifying performance in western Europe, due
partly to the turnaround in Germany. In the
u.s. residential construction stagnated, while the
non-residential segment showed good growth.
The electrical and electronics sector again proved the most dynamic of the three, driven by brisk
demand for capital equipment in areas such as automation technology, along with innovative products
for the consumer electronics and communications technology markets. All regions contributed
significantly to this industrys expansion in 2006, led by China with double-digit increases.
Changes in Corporate Structure
Since June 23, 2006, we have held a majority of the shares of Schering AG, Berlin, Germany,
and therefore have included Schering in our consolidated financial statements as of that date. The
names Bayer Schering Pharma or Schering as used in this Annual Report always refer to Bayer
Schering Pharma AG, Berlin, Germany, or its predecessor, Schering AG, Berlin, Germany,
respectively. The reference to Bayer Schering Pharma AG or Schering AG also includes business
conducted by affiliated entities in countries outside Germany. Bayer Schering Pharma AG and
Schering-Plough Corporation, New Jersey, are unaffiliated companies that have been totally
independent of each other for many years. On October 27, 2006, the domination and profit and loss
transfer agreement between Bayer Schering GmbH and Schering AG was entered in the commercial
register. The renaming of Schering AG to Bayer Schering Pharma AG took effect on December 29, 2006.
As of December 31, 2006, our interest in the voting capital of Bayer Schering Pharma AG amounted to
96.2 percent. The 95 percent majority required to squeeze out the minority stockholders in return
for cash compensation pursuant to Sections 327a through 327f of the German Stock Corporation Act
was exceeded in the third quarter. The Extraordinary Stockholders Meeting on January 17, 2007,
resolved to effect a squeeze-out of the remaining minority stockholders of Bayer Schering Pharma
AG.
The sale of the Diagnostics Division of Bayer HealthCare to Siemens, announced in the second
quarter of 2006, was closed in January 2007. The divestment of H.C. Starck to Advent International
and The Carlyle Group was completed in February 2007. The transfer of our Wolff Walsrode activities
to The Dow Chemical Company is planned for the second quarter of 2007. These three businesses are
recognized as discontinued operations.
|
|
|
32 Management Report
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
To ensure comparability between reporting periods, the following table provides a reconciliation of
Bayers sales and earnings data in the corporate structure existing at the beginning of 2006 to
those in the new structure in place on December 31, 2006.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer excl. Schering, |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operations Reported |
|
|
|
|
Bayer Key Data for the Previous and |
|
|
|
incl. Discontinued |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
as Discontinued |
|
|
Continuing Operations |
|
Current Corporate Structures |
|
Operations |
|
|
Schering AG, Germany 1 |
|
|
as of 2006 4 |
|
|
incl. Schering 1 |
|
|
million |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Sales |
|
|
27,383 |
|
|
|
28,719 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3,082 |
|
|
|
2,682 |
|
|
|
2,845 |
|
|
|
24,701 |
|
|
|
28,956 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA2 |
|
|
4,647 |
|
|
|
4,986 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
151 |
|
|
|
525 |
|
|
|
462 |
|
|
|
4,122 |
|
|
|
4,675 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA before special items |
|
|
5,082 |
|
|
|
5,291 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
774 |
|
|
|
480 |
|
|
|
481 |
|
|
|
4,602 |
|
|
|
5,584 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA margin before special items |
|
|
18.6 |
% |
|
|
18.4 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
25.1 |
% |
|
|
17.9 |
% |
|
|
16.9 |
% |
|
|
18.6 |
% |
|
|
19.3 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT 2 |
|
|
2,812 |
|
|
|
3,1793 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
(119 |
) |
|
|
298 |
|
|
|
298 |
3 |
|
|
2,514 |
|
|
|
2,762 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT before special items |
|
|
3,300 |
|
|
|
3,6353 |
3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
178 |
|
|
|
253 |
|
|
|
334 |
3 |
|
|
3,047 |
|
|
|
3,479 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
Schering AG business for the period June 23 December 31, 2006 |
|
2 |
|
For definition see Bayer Group Key Data table on front flap |
|
3 |
|
For a year-on-year comparison of data, it should be borne in mind that depreciation
and amortization for the Diagnostics Division only took place for the first half of 2006. According
to International Financial Reporting Standards, depreciation and amortization must cease from the
date on which operations are classified as discontinued. |
|
4 |
|
Diagnostics, H.C. Starck, Wolff Walsrode |
Calculation of ebit(da) before special items for the Schering AG business
The purchase price paid for Schering AG, Germany, was allocated among the acquired assets and
assumed liabilities in accordance with the International Financial Reporting Standards (ifrs) (see
also Note [7.2] to the consolidated financial statements).
One of the effects of the preliminary purchase price allocation is an upward revaluation or
step-up of the acquired inventories and noncurrent assets. The greater part of the noncurrent
asset step-up relates to assets used for production. Depreciation of the step-up amount results in
a long-term increase in the cost of production of goods manufactured after the acquisition date.
The work-down of the inventory step-up as the acquired inventories are sold off results in
charges to earnings in the short term.
To ensure comparability with future earnings data, the expected long-term effects of the step-up
are reflected in ebit and ebitda before special items, whereas temporary, non-cash effects of the
purchase price allocation are eliminated.
Special
items in ebit and ebitda for 2006 include 84 million and 429 million, respectively,
in charges resulting from the purchase price allocation.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Management Report 33 |
|
|
|
Performance by Subgroup and Segment
Our business activities are grouped into the HealthCare, CropScience and Material-Science
subgroups. The following changes apply compared to the 2005 Annual Report: as of the first quarter
of 2006, the Pharmaceuticals, Biological Products segment was renamed Pharmaceuticals. As of
the second quarter of 2006 , this segment also includes the acquired Schering AG business. Also
since the second quarter of 2006 , the Diagnostics Division has been reported in the financial
statements of the Bayer Group as a discontinued operation. At the same time, the former Consumer
Care and Animal Health segments were grouped together with the Diabetes Care Division to form the
new segment Consumer Health.
Furthermore, the H.C. Starck and Wolff Walsrode activities of Bayer MaterialScience are reported in
the 2006 financial statements of the Bayer Group as discontinued operations. The commentaries in
this report relate exclusively to continuing operations, except where specific reference is made to
discontinued operations or to a total value (total). The 2005 data are restated accordingly.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 share |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2006 share |
|
Sales by Subgroup and Segment |
|
2005 |
|
|
of Group |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
of Group |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
HealthCare |
|
|
7,996 |
|
|
|
32 |
|
|
|
11,724 |
|
|
|
40 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pharmaceuticals |
|
|
4,067 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
7,478 |
|
|
|
26 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consumer Health |
|
|
3,929 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
4,246 |
|
|
|
14 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
CropScience |
|
|
5,896 |
|
|
|
24 |
|
|
|
5,700 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Crop Protection |
|
|
4,874 |
|
|
|
20 |
|
|
|
4,644 |
|
|
|
16 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Environmental Science, BioScience |
|
|
1,022 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
1,056 |
|
|
|
4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
MaterialScience |
|
|
9,446 |
|
|
|
38 |
|
|
|
10,161 |
|
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Materials |
|
|
2,837 |
|
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
2,925 |
|
|
|
10 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Systems |
|
|
6,609 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
7,236 |
|
|
|
25 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reconciliation |
|
|
1,363 |
|
|
|
6 |
|
|
|
1,371 |
|
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Continuing operations |
|
|
24,701 |
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
28,956 |
|
|
|
100 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
34 Management Report
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
Bayer HealthCare
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer HealthCare |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Sales |
|
|
7,996 |
|
|
|
11,724 |
|
|
|
+46.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA1 |
|
|
1,280 |
|
|
|
1,947 |
|
|
|
+52.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
(207 |
) |
|
|
(666 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA before special items 2 |
|
|
1,487 |
|
|
|
2,613 |
|
|
|
+75.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA margin before special items |
|
|
18.6 |
% |
|
|
22.3 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT1 |
|
|
923 |
|
|
|
1,313 |
|
|
|
+42.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
(254 |
) |
|
|
(402 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT before special items 2 |
|
|
1,177 |
|
|
|
1,715 |
|
|
|
+45.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow 1 |
|
|
923 |
|
|
|
1,720 |
|
|
|
+86.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flow 1 |
|
|
1,087 |
|
|
|
1,526 |
|
|
|
+40.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 figures restated |
|
1 |
|
for definition see Bayer Group Key Data on front flap |
|
2 |
|
for definition see page 33 |
Sales of Bayer HealthCare in 2006 rose by 46.6 percent, or 3,728 million, to
11,724 million. The acquisition of Schering AG, Berlin, Germany, contributed 3,082 million
to this figure. Currency- and portfolio-adjusted sales climbed by 10.0 percent. All divisions
outperformed the market in terms of sales growth.
ebitda
of the subgroup before special items advanced by 75.7 percent to 2,613 million (2005:
1,487 million), with the Schering business accounting for 774 million. ebit
before special
items rose by 538 million to 1,715 million (2005: 1,177 million).
The net special
charges of 402 million resulted primarily from expenses relating to the Schering integration.
ebit of Bayer
HealthCare moved ahead by 390 million, or 42.3 percent, to 1,313 million.
Pharmaceuticals
Sales
of our Pharmaceuticals segment climbed by 83.9 percent to 7,478 million (2005: 4,067
million). This figure contains sales of 3,082 million due to the inclusion of the Schering AG
business. Adjusted for currency and portfolio changes, business expanded by 11.5 percent. This
encouraging growth in sales was particularly attributable to our Primary Care and Oncology business
units.
The 2006 sales figures include the acquired business of Schering AG as of June 23, 2006. The Bayer
Group financial statements do not include Schering AG results for the previous years. The
commentaries given below on business developments related to the acquired Schering AG products are
based on full year data that do not form part of the Bayer Group financial statements. Sales per
product for the following discussion are based on sales data for the years ended December 31, 2006
and 2005 as prepared by Schering AG. We refer to those figures as pro forma.
Sales of the Primary Care business unit rose by 9.2 percent in 2006, to 3,091 million. This
increase was due particularly to higher sales of Levitra® (+20.8 percent),
Aspirin®
Cardio (+18.1 percent) and Avalox®/Avelox® (+8.8
percent). Sales were additionally boosted by the inclusion of the blood pressure treatments
Pritor® and PritorPlus®, for which we acquired the marketing rights for
certain European countries from GlaxoSmith-Kline in
January 2006. Sales from the acquired Schering
AG andrology business in 2006 were included for the first time, amounting to 31 million in
2006. Mounting competition from generic products led to a slight 2.3 percent decline in sales of
Cipro®/Ciprobay®.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Management Report 35 |
|
|
|
Performance by Subgroup and Segment
In our Womens Health business unit, which focuses on contraception, we achieved sales of
1,320 million. The main growth drivers were the oral contraceptives in the Yasmin®/
yaz®/Yasminelle® product line, pro forma sales of which were up by 35.5
percent in 2006. The fda has since expanded the registration for yaz®, which is thus
the first and only oral contraceptive approved to effectively treat the emotional and physical
symptoms of pre-menstrual dysphoric disorder as well as acne in women. Pro-forma sales of our
intra-uterine system Mirena® also advanced by a pleasing 23.9 percent.
Sales of the Diagnostic Imaging business unit came to 697 million. Pro forma sales of our two
main products Magnevist® and Ultravist® dropped by 1.5 and 10.5 percent,
respectively, with lower sales of the latter attributable to the voluntary withdrawal of the 370
mgI/ml formulation. We resumed sales of this product in numerous countries in the first quarter of
2007. Medrad, which markets application technologies for contrast agents worldwide, grew pro forma
sales by a pleasing 13.1 percent.
Sales of the Specialized Therapeutics business unit amounted to 678 million. Pro forma business
with our top product
Betaferon®/Betaseron® to treat multiple sclerosis (ms)
expanded by 14.3 percent. The fda has expanded marketing authorization for Betaseron®
so that it can now also be used to treat patients who have first clinical symptoms and diagnostic
features consistent with
ms.
Sales of the Hematology/Cardiology business unit receded by 4.9 percent to 1,142 million. The
effects of terminating our plasma distribution in Canada at the end of March 2006 and markedly
lower sales of Trasylol® (-33.5 percent) were nearly offset by the pleasing growth in
sales of Kogenate® (+18.7 percent). Two separate observational studies reported on a
possible correlation between the administration of Trasylol® (aprotinin), our product
for use during open-heart surgery, and severe renal dysfunction and vasoconstriction (myocardial
infarction and stroke). A follow-up study to one of them reported on a possible correlation between
administration of this product and increased long-term mortality. Based on our study data and many
years of experience with Trasylol®, Bayer believes that this product is a safe and
effective medicine when used correctly. We are currently cooperating closely with the relevant
regulatory authorities to resolve the questions that have arisen.
Our
Oncology business unit increased sales by 397 million to 432 million. This figure
contains 238 million in sales of the Schering AG oncology business with the key products
Fludara®, Androcur® and Campath®. Our new cancer drug
Nexavar®, first launched in December 2005, performed very well in the market, with sales of
130 million.
The Dermatology (Intendis) business unit had sales of 118 million. The units two bestselling
products, Skinoren® (+17.1 percent pro forma) and Advantan® (+10.6 percent
pro forma) developed particularly well.
|
|
|
36 Management Report
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pharmaceuticals |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Sales |
|
|
4,067 |
|
|
|
7,478 |
|
|
|
+83.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Primary Care |
|
|
2,831 |
|
|
|
3,091 |
|
|
|
+9.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Womens Health |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,320 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diagnostic Imaging (including Medrad) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
697 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Specialized Therapeutics |
|
|
|
|
|
|
678 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hematology/Cardiology |
|
|
1,201 |
|
|
|
1,142 |
|
|
|
-4.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Oncology |
|
|
35 |
|
|
|
432 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dermatology (Intendis) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA1 |
|
|
663 |
|
|
|
1,051 |
|
|
|
+58.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
(108 |
) |
|
|
(635 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA before special items2 |
|
|
771 |
|
|
|
1,686 |
|
|
|
+118.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA margin before special items |
|
|
19.0 |
% |
|
|
22.5 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT1 |
|
|
475 |
|
|
|
563 |
|
|
|
+18.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
(140 |
) |
|
|
(371 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT before special items2 |
|
|
615 |
|
|
|
934 |
|
|
|
+51.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow1 |
|
|
449 |
|
|
|
1,086 |
|
|
|
+141.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flow1 |
|
|
481 |
|
|
|
1,053 |
|
|
|
+118.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 figures restated |
|
Data for the acquired Schering AG business are reflected for the period June 23 December 31,
2006. |
|
1 |
|
for definition see Bayer Group Key Data on front flap |
|
2 |
|
for definition see also page 33 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Best-Selling Pharmaceutical Products |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Betaferon®/Betaseron®* (Specialized Therapeutics) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
535 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yasmin®/YAZ®/Yasminelle®* (Womens Health) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
451 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Kogenate® (Hematology/Cardiology) |
|
|
663 |
|
|
|
787 |
|
|
|
+18.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Adalat® (Primary Care) |
|
|
659 |
|
|
|
657 |
|
|
|
-0.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cipro®/Ciprobay® (Primary Care) |
|
|
525 |
|
|
|
513 |
|
|
|
-2.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Avalox®/Avelox® (Primary Care) |
|
|
364 |
|
|
|
396 |
|
|
|
+8.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Levitra® (Primary Care) |
|
|
260 |
|
|
|
314 |
|
|
|
+20.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mirena®* (Womens Health) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
166 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Magnevist® * (Diagnostic Imaging) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
171 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Glucobay® (Primary Care) |
|
|
295 |
|
|
|
308 |
|
|
|
+4.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
2,766 |
|
|
|
4,298 |
|
|
|
+55.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proportion of Pharmaceutical sales |
|
|
68 |
% |
|
|
57 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Products are ranked by fourth-quarter sales. |
|
* |
|
acquired Schering AG product (sales included for the period June 23 December 31, 2006). |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Best-Selling Schering AG Products (pro forma, unaudited) |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Betaferon®/Betaseron® |
|
|
867 |
|
|
|
991 |
|
|
|
+14.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Yasmin®/YAZ®/Yasminelle® |
|
|
586 |
|
|
|
794 |
|
|
|
+35.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Magnevist® |
|
|
328 |
|
|
|
323 |
|
|
|
-1.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mirena® |
|
|
243 |
|
|
|
301 |
|
|
|
+23.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Management Report 37 |
|
|
|
Performance by Subgroup and Segment
ebitda of the Pharmaceuticals segment before special items advanced by 118.7 percent to
1,686 million (2005: 771 million), with the business acquired from Schering AG in June 2006
accounting for 774 million. When adjusted for portfolio effects, earnings rose by 141
million, due especially to a gratifying sales performance by
Kogenate®,
Levitra® and Avalox®/Avelox®. ebit before special items rose by 319
million, or 51.9 percent, to 934 million. The net special charges of 371 million in the
Pharmaceuticals segment resulted chiefly from expenses for the integration of Schering AG,
including a special gain of 74 million from the sale of an office building. ebit moved ahead by
88 million, or 18.5 percent, to 563 million.
Consumer Health
All divisions contributed to the gratifying performance of our Consumer Health segment, sales of
which improved by 8.1 percent to 4,246 million. Adjusted for currency and portfolio effects,
sales rose by 8.4 percent.
Business in the Consumer Care Division expanded by 7.5 percent to 2,531 million. Among our top
products,
Aleve® (+27.5 percent), Bepanthen®/Bepanthol® (+14.9
percent) and Canesten® (+11.7 percent) posted the largest sales gains.
There was a significant increase in sales of our Diabetes Care Division, where business improved by
12.8 percent to 810 million thanks mainly to the strong performance of our blood glucose
monitoring system Ascensia® Contour® (+69.6 percent), which replaces the
older Elite systems in the Ascensia® product line, sales of which rose by 12.4 percent
overall.
Sales of the Animal Health Division rose by 5.7 percent to 905 million, due primarily to the
pleasing performance of our Advantage® product line, where business was up 10.4 percent,
and the continued market introduction of Profender®.
ebitda
of the Consumer Health segment before special items grew by 211 million, or 29.5
percent, to 927 million. This increase was attributable to positive sales development and
reduced production costs. ebit before special items advanced by 39.0 percent to 781 million.
Earnings for 2006 were diminished by special charges totaling 31 million (2005: 114
million), the main items being expenses for the integration of the Roche consumer health business,
which is largely completed, and restructuring activities in the United States. After special items,
ebit improved by 67.4 percent to 750 million.
The strong growth in sales led to an increase in current assets, particularly inventories and
receivables, diminishing net cash flow from 606 million in the prior year to 473 million in
2006.
|
|
|
38 Management Report
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consumer Health |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Sales |
|
|
3,929 |
|
|
|
4,246 |
|
|
|
+8.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consumer Care |
|
|
2,355 |
|
|
|
2,531 |
|
|
|
+7.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diabetes Care |
|
|
718 |
|
|
|
810 |
|
|
|
+12.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Animal Health |
|
|
856 |
|
|
|
905 |
|
|
|
+5.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA* |
|
|
617 |
|
|
|
896 |
|
|
|
+45.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
(99 |
) |
|
|
(31 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA before special items |
|
|
716 |
|
|
|
927 |
|
|
|
+29.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA margin before special items |
|
|
18.2 |
% |
|
|
21.8 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT* |
|
|
448 |
|
|
|
750 |
|
|
|
+67.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
(114 |
) |
|
|
(31 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT before special items |
|
|
562 |
|
|
|
781 |
|
|
|
+39.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow * |
|
|
474 |
|
|
|
634 |
|
|
|
+33.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flow * |
|
|
606 |
|
|
|
473 |
|
|
|
-21.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 figures restated |
|
* |
|
for definition see Bayer Group Key Data on front flap |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Best-Selling Consumer Health Products |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Ascensia® product line (Diabetes Care) |
|
|
701 |
|
|
|
788 |
|
|
|
+12.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aspirin® * (Consumer Care) |
|
|
453 |
|
|
|
465 |
|
|
|
+2.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Advantage®/Advantix® (Animal Health) |
|
|
249 |
|
|
|
275 |
|
|
|
+10.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Aleve®/ naproxen (Consumer Care) |
|
|
178 |
|
|
|
227 |
|
|
|
+27.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Canesten® (Consumer Care) |
|
|
145 |
|
|
|
162 |
|
|
|
+11.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Baytril® (Animal Health) |
|
|
163 |
|
|
|
162 |
|
|
|
-0.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bepanthen
®/ Bepanthol® (Consumer Care) |
|
|
114 |
|
|
|
131 |
|
|
|
+14.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Supradyn® (Consumer Care) |
|
|
125 |
|
|
|
130 |
|
|
|
+4.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
One-A-Day® (Consumer Care) |
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
124 |
|
|
|
+5.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Alka-Seltzer® (Consumer Care) |
|
|
95 |
|
|
|
101 |
|
|
|
+6.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
2,341 |
|
|
|
2,565 |
|
|
|
+9.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proportion of Consumer Health sales |
|
|
60 |
% |
|
|
60 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
total Aspirin® sales = 674 million (2005: 630 million),
including
Aspirin® Cardio, which is reflected in sales of the Pharmaceuticals segment |
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Management Report 39 |
|
|
|
Performance by Subgroup and Segment
Bayer CropScience
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer CropScience |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Sales |
|
|
5,896 |
|
|
|
5,700 |
|
|
|
-3.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA* |
|
|
1,284 |
|
|
|
1,166 |
|
|
|
-9.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
11 |
|
|
|
(38 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA before special items |
|
|
1,273 |
|
|
|
1,204 |
|
|
|
-5.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA margin before special items |
|
|
21.6 |
% |
|
|
21.1 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT* |
|
|
690 |
|
|
|
584 |
|
|
|
-15.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
5 |
|
|
|
(57 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT before special items |
|
|
685 |
|
|
|
641 |
|
|
|
-6.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow* |
|
|
964 |
|
|
|
900 |
|
|
|
-6.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flow* |
|
|
904 |
|
|
|
898 |
|
|
|
-0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
for definition see Bayer Group Key Data on front flap |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Best-Selling Bayer CropScience Products * |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Confidor®/Gaucho®/Admire®/Merit®
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
(Insecticides/Seed Treatment/Environmental Science) |
|
|
587 |
|
|
|
564 |
|
|
|
-3.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Folicur®/Raxil® (Fungicides/Seed Treatment) |
|
|
339 |
|
|
|
276 |
|
|
|
-18.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Basta®/Liberty® (Herbicides) |
|
|
219 |
|
|
|
229 |
|
|
|
+4.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Puma® (Herbicides) |
|
|
205 |
|
|
|
196 |
|
|
|
-4.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Decis®/K-Othrine® (Insecticides/Environmental Science) |
|
|
159 |
|
|
|
183 |
|
|
|
+15.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Flint®/Stratego®/Sphere® (Fungicides) |
|
|
193 |
|
|
|
181 |
|
|
|
-6.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Atlantis® (Herbicides) |
|
|
142 |
|
|
|
169 |
|
|
|
+19.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proline® (Fungicides) |
|
|
91 |
|
|
|
144 |
|
|
|
+58.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Poncho® (Seed Treatment) |
|
|
110 |
|
|
|
127 |
|
|
|
+15.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Betanal® (Herbicides) |
|
|
128 |
|
|
|
120 |
|
|
|
-6.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
2,173 |
|
|
|
2,189 |
|
|
|
+0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Proportion of Bayer CropScience sales |
|
|
37 |
% |
|
|
38 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
figures based on active ingredient class. For the sake of clarity, only the principal
brands and business units are listed. |
Sales of Bayer CropScience in 2006 came in at 5,700 million, down just 3.3 percent in a
declining crop protection market. With selling prices in Brazil
pegged to the u.s. dollar, the
sharp appreciation of the local currency led to a decline in sales. Adjusted for this effect and
for currency and portfolio changes, business at CropScience shrank by 2.3 percent.
ebitda before special items was down by 69 million, or 5.4 percent, in
2006 to 1,204
million. The savings achieved through cost structure and efficiency improvement programs partly
compensated for the squeeze on margins brought about by price erosion, lower volumes and adverse
currency effects. ebit before special items was down 44 million, or 6.4 percent, from the
previous year to 641 million in 2006, hampered by special charges connected with the
restructuring program initiated in summer 2006 . These charges were only partially offset by
non-recurring income from the divestment of a family of mature herbicide products. After special
items, ebit for 2006 amounted to 584 million (2005: 690 million).
|
|
|
40 Management Report
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
Crop Protection
Sales
in the Crop Protection segment declined by 4.7 percent to 4,644 million, from 4,874
million in 2005. With selling prices in Brazil pegged to the
u.s. dollar, the sharp appreciation of
the local currency led to a decline in sales. Adjusted for this effect and for currency and
portfolio changes, business in this segment shrank by 3.5 percent.
Fiscal 2006 was marked by adverse weather conditions in major agricultural markets, a difficult
business environment in Brazil, heightening pressure on prices from generic products and an
increasing trend toward genetically modified crops. The resulting decline in sales was partially
offset by the successful marketing of innovative active ingredients introduced over the past few
years. Sales of products containing these new ingredients, which have been introduced in core
markets since 2000, achieved the 2006 target of 1 billion. Contributing to this performance
were our cereal herbicide Atlantis®, the seed treatment Poncho® and the
cereal fungicide Proline®. Including our Flint® fungicide, four of our
recent market introductions were among our ten best-selling products.
Sales of our Insecticides business unit fell by 7.0 percent overall, to 1,219 million (2005:
1,311 million). The decline was attributable to the adverse market environment in Brazil,
unfavorable regional weather conditions, increasing competition from generics and the absence of
business in certain mature insecticide products that have been divested. Business with insecticides
in China, however, developed well. Global sales of our new ketoenols Oberon® and
Envidor® posted significant increases.
Sales of the Fungicides business unit receded 3.8 percent to 1,200 million. One reason for the
decrease was the prolonged drought in Australia, the United States and parts of Europe, which led
to a decrease in fungal infestation. Another was the weakness of the farm economy in Brazil, which
led to declining acreages, particularly for soybeans. These effects primarily impacted sales of our
Folicur® and Flint® product lines.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Crop Protection |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Sales |
|
|
4,874 |
|
|
|
4,644 |
|
|
|
-4.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Insecticides |
|
|
1,311 |
|
|
|
1,219 |
|
|
|
-7.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fungicides |
|
|
1,248 |
|
|
|
1,200 |
|
|
|
-3.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Herbicides |
|
|
1,840 |
|
|
|
1,758 |
|
|
|
-4.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Seed Treatment |
|
|
475 |
|
|
|
467 |
|
|
|
-1.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA* |
|
|
1,026 |
|
|
|
889 |
|
|
|
-13.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
(38 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA before special items |
|
|
1,014 |
|
|
|
927 |
|
|
|
-8.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA margin before special items |
|
|
20.8 |
% |
|
|
20.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT* |
|
|
532 |
|
|
|
384 |
|
|
|
-27.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
7 |
|
|
|
(57 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT before special items |
|
|
525 |
|
|
|
441 |
|
|
|
-16.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow* |
|
|
762 |
|
|
|
691 |
|
|
|
-9.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flow* |
|
|
699 |
|
|
|
748 |
|
|
|
+7.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
for definition see Bayer Group Key Data on front flap |
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Management Report 41 |
|
|
|
Performance by Subgroup and Segment
In the Herbicides business unit, sales dropped by 4.5 percent to 1,758 million, from
1,840 million in 2005. Herbicide sales, too, were hampered by the drought conditions in many
regions and the increasing cultivation of genetically modified corn and soybeans in the United
States and Latin America. Atlantis® and Olympus® performed very strongly in
the market, further strengthening our position as one of the leading suppliers of cereal
herbicides. Business with our herbicides
Basta® and Liberty® moved ahead.
Sales of our Seed Treatment business unit dipped by 1.7 percent to 467 million. Adjusted for
portfolio effects, however, sales were slightly above the prior year. Business with our recently
introduced seed treatment products
Poncho®, EfA®, Bariton® and
Scenic® compensated for the decline in sales due to the drought in Australia and the
e.u. sugar market reform.
ebitda
before special items for the Crop Protection business decreased to 927 million. The
price-related decline in margins was partly offset by savings achieved through our cost structure
and efficiency improvement programs.
ebit before special items fell by 16.0 percent to 441 million. After
net special charges of
57 million,
ebit for 2006 came in at 384 million, down from 532 million in the previous
year.
Environmental Science, BioScience
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Environmental Science, BioScience |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Sales |
|
|
1,022 |
|
|
|
1,056 |
|
|
|
+3.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Environmental Science |
|
|
694 |
|
|
|
714 |
|
|
|
+2.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
BioScience |
|
|
328 |
|
|
|
342 |
|
|
|
+4.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA* |
|
|
258 |
|
|
|
277 |
|
|
|
+7.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
(1 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA before special items |
|
|
259 |
|
|
|
277 |
|
|
|
+6.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA margin before special items |
|
|
25.3 |
% |
|
|
26.2 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT* |
|
|
158 |
|
|
|
200 |
|
|
|
+26.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT before special items |
|
|
160 |
|
|
|
200 |
|
|
|
+25.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow* |
|
|
202 |
|
|
|
209 |
|
|
|
+3.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flow* |
|
|
205 |
|
|
|
150 |
|
|
|
-26.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
for definition see Bayer Group Key Data on front flap |
Sales of the Environmental Science, BioScience segment rose by 3.3 percent in 2006 to
1,056 million, or by 3.7 percent when adjusted for currency and portfolio changes.
The
Environmental Science unit saw business expand by 2.9 percent to 714 million, from 694
million in 2005, in light of strong sales gains by our products for professional users.
BioScience increased sales by 4.3 percent to 342 million, thanks mainly to buoyant sales of
vegetable and canola seed products.
|
|
|
42 Management Report
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
ebitda
for Environmental Science, BioScience before special items rose by 277 million, or 6.9
percent, thanks to the growth in business. Costs savings in Environmental Science also had a
positive effect. ebit before special items advanced by 25.0 percent from the prior year to 200
million. ebit after special items rose by 26.6 percent.
Due to an
increase in working capital, net cash flow dropped to 150 million, from 205
million in the previous year.
Bayer MaterialScience
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer MaterialScience |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Sales |
|
|
9,446 |
|
|
|
10,161 |
|
|
|
+7.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA* |
|
|
1,721 |
|
|
|
1,499 |
|
|
|
-12.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
(43 |
) |
|
|
(178 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA before special items |
|
|
1,764 |
|
|
|
1,677 |
|
|
|
-4.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA margin before special items |
|
|
18.7 |
% |
|
|
16.5 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT* |
|
|
1,250 |
|
|
|
992 |
|
|
|
-20.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
(43 |
) |
|
|
(218 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT before special items |
|
|
1,293 |
|
|
|
1,210 |
|
|
|
-6.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow* |
|
|
1,254 |
|
|
|
1,166 |
|
|
|
-7.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flow* |
|
|
1,337 |
|
|
|
1,281 |
|
|
|
-4.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 figures restated |
|
* |
|
for definition see Bayer Group Key Data on front flap |
The upward business trend at Bayer MaterialScience continued in 2006 , with sales advancing a
further 7.6 percent from the previous years high level to 10,161 million, or by 7.2 percent
when adjusted for currency and portfolio effects. This encouraging growth in business was due
primarily to higher volumes in all business units, while selling prices rose slightly on average.
ebitda before special items almost matched the previous years level, dipping just 4.9 percent to
1,677 million. Substantial price hikes for petrochemical feedstocks, especially in the second
half, were offset by volume growth and price increases, but fourth-quarter earnings were held back
by a temporary loss of production in Krefeld-Uerdingen, Germany. In addition, the expansion of our
sales organization in the growth market of Asia and expenses for the start-up of our production
facilities in China led to an increase in costs.
ebit before special items dropped by 83 million, or 6.4 percent, to
1,210 million. Special
charges amounted to 218 million, including 153 million in litigation-related expenses. The
prior-year figure contained net special charges of 43 million. ebit after special items was
down by 258 million, or 20.6 percent, to 992 million.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Management Report 43 |
|
|
|
Performance by Subgroup and Segment
Materials
Our Materials segment saw sales rise by 3.1 percent in 2006, to 2,925 million. Adjusted for
currency and portfolio changes, the increase was 3.3 percent. Volumes in the Poly-carbonates
business unit moved higher, particularly in Europe and Asia/Pacific, with sales up 2.8 percent
over 2005 despite heavy pressure on prices. The Thermoplastic Poly-urethanes business unit grew
sales by 6.8 percent, mainly as a result of higher volumes.
ebitda
before special items fell by a substantial 30.7 percent in 2006 , to 448 million, as a
result of a squeeze on margins caused by lower selling prices and rising raw material costs, which
were not outweighed by the higher volumes. ebit before special items fell by 41.6 percent to
289 million, while ebit after special items dropped by 225 million to 289 million.
Systems
Sales of the Systems segment climbed by 9.5 percent year on year to 7,236 million, or by 8.9
percent when adjusted for currency and portfolio effects. This expansion was attributable to both
selling price and volume increases in all business units.
ebitda
before special items in 2006 advanced by 9.9 percent to 1,229 million, with selling
price increases and higher volumes more than compensating for the rise in raw material costs. ebit
before special items climbed by
123 million, or 15.4 percent, to 921 million. ebit of the
Systems segment was hampered by special charges of 218 million, resulting primarily from an
arbitration proceeding in the United States relating to the production of propylene oxide. Other
special charges were incurred in connection with pending antitrust proceedings and the
restructuring of our
u.s. sites in New Martinsville, West Virginia, and Baytown, Texas. After
special items, ebit declined by 33 million, or 4.5 percent, to 703 million.
|
|
|
44 Management Report
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Materials |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Sales |
|
|
2,837 |
|
|
|
2,925 |
|
|
|
+3.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Polycarbonates |
|
|
2,645 |
|
|
|
2,720 |
|
|
|
+2.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Thermoplastic Polyurethanes |
|
|
192 |
|
|
|
205 |
|
|
|
+6.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA* |
|
|
665 |
|
|
|
448 |
|
|
|
-32.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA before special items |
|
|
646 |
|
|
|
448 |
|
|
|
-30.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA margin before special items |
|
|
22.8 |
% |
|
|
15.3 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT* |
|
|
514 |
|
|
|
289 |
|
|
|
-43.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
19 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT before special items |
|
|
495 |
|
|
|
289 |
|
|
|
-41.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow* |
|
|
473 |
|
|
|
364 |
|
|
|
-23.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flow* |
|
|
466 |
|
|
|
324 |
|
|
|
-30.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 figures restated |
|
* |
|
for definition see Bayer Group Key Data on front flap |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Systems |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Sales |
|
|
6,609 |
|
|
|
7,236 |
|
|
|
+9.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Polyurethanes |
|
|
4,792 |
|
|
|
5,182 |
|
|
|
+8.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants |
|
|
1,330 |
|
|
|
1,488 |
|
|
|
+11.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inorganic Basic Chemicals |
|
|
380 |
|
|
|
403 |
|
|
|
+6.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other |
|
|
107 |
|
|
|
163 |
|
|
|
+52.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA* |
|
|
1,056 |
|
|
|
1,051 |
|
|
|
-0.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
(62 |
) |
|
|
(178 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA before special items |
|
|
1,118 |
|
|
|
1,229 |
|
|
|
+9.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA margin before special items |
|
|
16.9 |
% |
|
|
17.0 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT* |
|
|
736 |
|
|
|
703 |
|
|
|
-4.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Special items |
|
|
(62 |
) |
|
|
(218 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT before special items |
|
|
798 |
|
|
|
921 |
|
|
|
+15.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow* |
|
|
781 |
|
|
|
802 |
|
|
|
+2.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash flow* |
|
|
871 |
|
|
|
957 |
|
|
|
+9.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
for definition see Bayer Group Key Data on front flap |
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Management Report 45 |
|
|
|
Performance by Region
In 2006
Bayers global business expanded by 4,255 million, or 17.2 percent, to 28,956
million. Adjusted for shifts in exchange rates, sales rose by 17.4 percent.
The largest increase in absolute terms was achieved in the Europe region, where sales climbed by
17.5 percent to 12,652 million. Portfolio-adjusted sales in Europe expanded by 5.1 percent,
driven by HealthCare and MaterialScience. Sales of the CropScience subgroup remained steady at the
previous years level due to unfavorable weather conditions, particularly in southern Europe. Sales
in Germany grew 17.7 percent to 4,525 million, or by 7.9 percent when adjusted for portfolio
effects.
Sales in North America advanced by 19.8 percent in 2006, to 7,779 million. Adjusted for
portfolio effects, the increase came to 5.9 percent. In this region too, improvements were recorded
by HealthCare, thanks to strong sales in the Consumer Health segment, as well as by MaterialScience
in the Polyurethanes business unit and in Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants. In the Crop Protection
segment, on the other hand, sales declined due to adverse weather patterns and increasing
cultivation of genetically modified crops.
In the Asia/Pacific and Latin America/Africa/Middle East regions, sales rose by 13.2 percent and
16.5 percent, respectively. Notably, sales in Greater China advanced by a gratifying 24.1 percent
from the previous year, to 1.5 billion. Portfolio-adjusted sales in the two regions advanced by
3.7 and 4.3 percent, respectively, thanks to growth in HealthCare and MaterialScience. However,
CropScience sales in the Latin America/Africa/ Middle East region receded by 9.1 percent due to the
difficult market environment in Brazil, but dipped by only 1.0 percent in the Asia/Pacific region
when adjusted for currency effects.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Sales
by Region and Segment (by market) |
|
|
Europe |
|
|
North America |
|
|
Asia/Pacific |
|
|
Latin America/Africa/Middle East |
|
|
Continuing operations |
million |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
% |
|
|
adj. % |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
% |
|
|
adj. |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
% |
|
|
adj. % |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
% |
|
|
adj. % |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
% |
|
|
adj. % |
|
Bayer HealthCare |
|
|
3,192 |
|
|
|
4,737 |
|
|
|
+48.4 |
|
|
|
+48.3 |
|
|
|
2,450 |
|
|
|
3,689 |
|
|
|
+50.6 |
|
|
|
+50.5 |
|
|
|
1,201 |
|
|
|
1,649 |
|
|
|
+37.3 |
|
|
|
+40.9 |
|
|
|
1,153 |
|
|
|
1,649 |
|
|
|
+43.0 |
|
|
|
+44.6 |
|
|
|
7,996 |
|
|
|
11,724 |
|
|
|
+46.6 |
|
|
|
+47.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Pharmaceuticals |
|
|
1,600 |
|
|
|
3,046 |
|
|
|
+90.4 |
|
|
|
+90.2 |
|
|
|
1,129 |
|
|
|
2,226 |
|
|
|
+97.2 |
|
|
|
+96.6 |
|
|
|
900 |
|
|
|
1,313 |
|
|
|
+45.9 |
|
|
|
+50.5 |
|
|
|
438 |
|
|
|
893 |
|
|
|
+103.9 |
|
|
|
+105.7 |
|
|
|
4,067 |
|
|
|
7,478 |
|
|
|
+83.9 |
|
|
|
+84.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consumer Health |
|
|
1,592 |
|
|
|
1,691 |
|
|
|
+6.2 |
|
|
|
+6.3 |
|
|
|
1,321 |
|
|
|
1,463 |
|
|
|
+10.7 |
|
|
|
+11.1 |
|
|
|
301 |
|
|
|
336 |
|
|
|
+11.6 |
|
|
|
+12.1 |
|
|
|
715 |
|
|
|
756 |
|
|
|
+5.7 |
|
|
|
+7.3 |
|
|
|
3,929 |
|
|
|
4,246 |
|
|
|
+8.1 |
|
|
|
+8.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer CropScience |
|
|
2,241 |
|
|
|
2,251 |
|
|
|
+0.4 |
|
|
|
+0.3 |
|
|
|
1,528 |
|
|
|
1,457 |
|
|
|
-4.6 |
|
|
|
-5.1 |
|
|
|
933 |
|
|
|
907 |
|
|
|
-2.8 |
|
|
|
-1.0 |
|
|
|
1,194 |
|
|
|
1,085 |
|
|
|
-9.1 |
|
|
|
-11.4 |
|
|
|
5,896 |
|
|
|
5,700 |
|
|
|
-3.3 |
|
|
|
-3.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Crop Protection |
|
|
1,901 |
|
|
|
1,909 |
|
|
|
+0.4 |
|
|
|
+0.2 |
|
|
|
1,076 |
|
|
|
996 |
|
|
|
-7.4 |
|
|
|
-8.1 |
|
|
|
811 |
|
|
|
772 |
|
|
|
-4.8 |
|
|
|
-3.1 |
|
|
|
1,086 |
|
|
|
967 |
|
|
|
-11.0 |
|
|
|
-13.5 |
|
|
|
4,874 |
|
|
|
4,644 |
|
|
|
-4.7 |
|
|
|
-5.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Environmental Science, BioScience |
|
|
340 |
|
|
|
342 |
|
|
|
+0.6 |
|
|
|
+0.5 |
|
|
|
452 |
|
|
|
461 |
|
|
|
+2.0 |
|
|
|
+2.1 |
|
|
|
122 |
|
|
|
135 |
|
|
|
+10.7 |
|
|
|
+13.2 |
|
|
|
108 |
|
|
|
118 |
|
|
|
+9.3 |
|
|
|
+9.9 |
|
|
|
1,022 |
|
|
|
1,056 |
|
|
|
+3.3 |
|
|
|
+3.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer MaterialScience |
|
|
4,098 |
|
|
|
4,402 |
|
|
|
+7.4 |
|
|
|
+7.4 |
|
|
|
2,500 |
|
|
|
2,622 |
|
|
|
+4.9 |
|
|
|
+5.4 |
|
|
|
1,887 |
|
|
|
2,007 |
|
|
|
+6.4 |
|
|
|
+7.2 |
|
|
|
961 |
|
|
|
1,130 |
|
|
|
+17.6 |
|
|
|
+16.8 |
|
|
|
9,446 |
|
|
|
10,161 |
|
|
|
+7.6 |
|
|
|
+7.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Materials |
|
|
1,063 |
|
|
|
1,100 |
|
|
|
+3.5 |
|
|
|
+3.4 |
|
|
|
609 |
|
|
|
599 |
|
|
|
-1.6 |
|
|
|
-1.0 |
|
|
|
908 |
|
|
|
947 |
|
|
|
+4.3 |
|
|
|
+4.9 |
|
|
|
257 |
|
|
|
279 |
|
|
|
+8.6 |
|
|
|
+8.8 |
|
|
|
2,837 |
|
|
|
2,925 |
|
|
|
+3.1 |
|
|
|
+3.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Systems |
|
|
3,035 |
|
|
|
3,302 |
|
|
|
+8.8 |
|
|
|
+8.8 |
|
|
|
1,891 |
|
|
|
2,023 |
|
|
|
+7.0 |
|
|
|
+7.5 |
|
|
|
979 |
|
|
|
1,060 |
|
|
|
+8.3 |
|
|
|
+9.3 |
|
|
|
704 |
|
|
|
851 |
|
|
|
+20.9 |
|
|
|
+19.8 |
|
|
|
6,609 |
|
|
|
7,236 |
|
|
|
+9.5 |
|
|
|
+9.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Continuing
operations (incl. reconciliation) |
|
|
10,771 |
|
|
|
12,652 |
|
|
|
+17.5 |
|
|
|
+17.4 |
|
|
|
6,496 |
|
|
|
7,779 |
|
|
|
+19.8 |
|
|
|
+19.9 |
|
|
|
4,073 |
|
|
|
4,610 |
|
|
|
+13.2 |
|
|
|
+15.0 |
|
|
|
3,361 |
|
|
|
3,915 |
|
|
|
+16.5 |
|
|
|
+16.0 |
|
|
|
24,701 |
|
|
|
28,956 |
|
|
|
+17.2 |
|
|
|
+17.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 figures restated |
|
adj.= currency-adjusted |
|
|
|
46 Management Report
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
Value Management
Our goal is to steadily increase Bayers enterprise value and generate high value-added for
the benefit of our stockholders, our employees and society as a whole in every country in which we
do business.
Werner Wenning, Chairman of the Board of Management of Bayer AG
Cash value added-based system
One of the prime objectives of the Bayer Group is to sustainably increase enterprise value. In 1994
we became one of the first German companies to embark on the development of a value management
system, which we introduced throughout the Group in 1997. The system is used for the planning,
controlling and monitoring of our businesses. Our primary value-based indicator is the cash value
added (cva), which shows the degree to which the cash flows needed to cover the costs of equity and
debt and of reproducing depletable assets have been generated. If the cva is positive, the company
or business entity concerned has created additional value. If it is negative, the anticipated
capital and asset reproduction costs have not been earned. Gross cash flow (gcf) and cva are
profitability indicators for a single reporting period. For a year-on-year comparison we therefore
use the delta cva, which is the difference between the cvas of two consecutive periods. A
positive delta cva shows that value creation has improved from one period to the next.
Calculating the cost of capital
Bayer calculates the cost of capital according to the debt/equity ratio by the weighted average
cost of capital (wacc) formula. The cost of equity capital is the return expected by stockholders,
computed from capital market information. The cost of debt used in calculating wacc is based on the
terms for a ten-year corporate bond issue.
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
Management Report 47 |
|
|
|
To take into account the different risk and return profiles of our principal businesses, we
calculate the cost of capital after taxes for each of our subgroups. In 2006 this was 7.5 percent
(2005: 8.0 percent) for Bayer HealthCare, 7.0 percent (2005 : 6.5 percent) for Bayer CropScience
and 6.5 percent (2005: 6.0 percent) for Bayer MaterialScience. The minimum return required for the
Bayer Group as a whole was 7.0 percent ( 2005 : 7.0 percent).
Gross cash flow, cash flow return on investment, and cash value added as performance yardsticks
The gcf, as published in our cash flow statement, is the measure of our internal financing
capability. Bayer has chosen this parameter because it is relatively free of accounting influences
and thus a more meaningful performance indicator.
The profitability of the Group and of its individual business entities is measured by the cash
flow return on investment (cfroi). This is the ratio of the gcf to the capital invested (ci). The
ci can be derived from the balance sheet and basically comprises the property, plant and equipment
and intangible assets required for operations stated at cost of acquisition or construction -
plus working capital, less interest-free liabilities (such as short-term provisions). To allow for
fluctuations during the year, the cfroi is computed on the basis of the average ci for the
respective year.
Taking into account the costs of capital and of reproducing depletable assets, we determine the gcf
hurdle. If the gcf hurdle is equaled or exceeded, the required return on equity and debt plus the
cost of asset reproduction has been earned. The cfroi hurdle for 2006 was 10.0 percent, while the
corresponding gcf hurdle was 3,188 million.
Actual gcf came in at 3,913 million, exceeding the hurdle by a substantial
22.7 percent. Thus
in 2006 we earned our entire capital and asset reproduction costs, and the positive cva of 725
million shows we created additional value. Given the previous years cva of 746 million, the
Bayer Group therefore achieved a delta cva of minus 21 million. With a cfroi of
12.1 percent in
2006 (2005: 12.5 percent), we thus almost equaled the previous years record level despite the
acquisition-related increase in the capital invested.
The HealthCare and MaterialScience subgroups exceeded their target returns including asset
reproduction. The cfroi for HealthCare declined from 15.5 percent in the previous year to 12.4
percent, due to the increase in capital invested associated with the Schering AG acquisition and
also because of integration-related charges. MaterialScience achieved a cfroi of 15.6 percent
(2005: 17.8 percent). The figure for CropScience dipped from 11.2 percent in the prior year to
10.3 percent in 2006 .
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Value
Management Indicators by Subgroup |
|
HealthCare |
|
|
CropScience |
|
|
MaterialScience |
|
|
Bayer Group |
|
million |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Gross cash flow hurdle (GCF hurdle) |
|
|
690 |
|
|
|
1,536 |
|
|
|
935 |
|
|
|
1,000 |
|
|
|
610 |
|
|
|
649 |
|
|
|
2,368 |
|
|
|
3,188 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow* (GCF) |
|
|
923 |
|
|
|
1,720 |
|
|
|
964 |
|
|
|
900 |
|
|
|
1,254 |
|
|
|
1,166 |
|
|
|
3,114 |
|
|
|
3,913 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash value added (CVA) |
|
|
233 |
|
|
|
184 |
|
|
|
29 |
|
|
|
(100 |
) |
|
|
644 |
|
|
|
517 |
|
|
|
746 |
|
|
|
725 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash fl ow return on investment (CFROI) |
|
|
15.5 |
% |
|
|
12.4 |
% |
|
|
11.2 |
% |
|
|
10.3 |
% |
|
|
17.8 |
% |
|
|
15.6 |
% |
|
|
12.5 |
% |
|
|
12.1 |
% |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average capital invested (ACI) |
|
|
5,955 |
|
|
|
13,865 |
|
|
|
8,618 |
|
|
|
8,728 |
|
|
|
7,054 |
|
|
|
7,489 |
|
|
|
24,893 |
|
|
|
32,276 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 figures restated |
|
* |
|
for definition see Bayer Group Key Data on front flap |
|
|
|
|
|
48 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Liquidity and Capital Resources
Operating cash flow
Gross cash flow in 2006 amounted to 3,913 million, up 25.7 percent from the
previous year (3,114 million). The increase was mainly the result of the
strong business performance in HealthCare and the inclusion of Schering AG,
Berlin, Germany. Higher tax payments had a negative effect. Earnings for 2005
contained tax-free gains of 238 million from changes in our company pension
plans, while in 2006 the charges resulting from the revaluation of acquired
assets of Schering AG were not tax-deductible.
Net cash flow from continuing operations rose by 21.7 percent, or 701
million including 483 million from the Schering business to 3,928
million (2005: 3,227 million).
Investing cash flow
There was a net cash outflow of 14.7 billion for investing activities in
2006, compared to a 1.7 billion inflow in the previous year. This was
chiefly attributable to disbursements totaling 15.2 billion for the
Schering AG acquisition, including the purchase price payments for 96.2 percent
of Bayer Schering Pharma AG shares as of December 31, 2006, less approximately
1 billion in acquired cash. We also acquired biotech company Icon Genetics
and u.s.-based Metrika for a total of 75 million.
Cash outflows for additions to property, plant and equipment (1,534
million) and other intangible assets (342 million) totaled 1,876
million, up 487 million from the previous year. The outflows included
137 million in capital expenditures made by Schering AG. Depreciation of
property, plant and equipment came to 1,086 million, and amortization of
intangible assets to 1,000 million.
Capital expenditures for property, plant, equipment and intangible assets
included disbursements for the purchase of the European marketing rights for the
hypertension treatments Pritor® and PritorPlus® and
expenditures for the expansion of our polymers production facilities at the
Caojing site near Shanghai, China. In September 2006 we inaugurated at that site
a world-scale polycarbonate production facility with an initial capacity of
100,000 tons per year, a plant for the manufacture of the polyurethane raw
materials monomeric and polymeric
Mdi (diphenylmethane diisocyanate) from crude
Mdi with an annual capacity of 80,000 tons, and a production unit for
hexamethylene diisocyanate with a planned initial capacity of 30,000 tons.
Receipts from sales of property, plant, equipment and other assets totaled
185 million (2005: 105 million), while the proceeds of divestitures
amounted to 489 million (2005: 293 million). At the end of 2006 we
received an initial payment of 395 million related to the sale of our
Diagnostics business; this transaction closed at the beginning of 2007.
Receipts from noncurrent financial assets came to 850 million, compared to
1,189 million in 2005. This figure primarily included the sale of our 49.9
percent interest in GE Bayer Silicones to the other partner General Electric
and the repayment of a loan made to the chemical company Symrise. This loan had
been granted to the company that purchased the Haarmann & Reimer group from
Bayer in 2002.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 49 |
In the previous year, expenditures for acquisitions mainly comprised a payment
of about 1.9 billion for the consumer health business of Roche. Receipts related
to noncurrent financial assets in that year came to 1.2 billion, resulting
primarily from the scheduled repayment of loans by lanxess and the expiration of
derivatives. The 293 million cash inflow from divestitures in 2005 consisted
largely of the proceeds from the sale of the
u.s. plasma business.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Group Summary Cash Flow Statements |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross cash flow* |
|
|
3,114 |
|
|
|
3,913 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Changes in working capital/other non-cash items |
|
|
113 |
|
|
|
15 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities (net cash flow),
continuing operations |
|
|
3,227 |
|
|
|
3,928 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities (net cash flow),
discontinued operations |
|
|
275 |
|
|
|
275 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) operating activities (net cash flow), (total) |
|
|
3,502 |
|
|
|
4,203 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities (total) |
|
|
(1,741 |
) |
|
|
(14.730 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities (total) |
|
|
(1,881 |
) |
|
|
10,199 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in cash and cash equivalents due to business activities (total) |
|
|
(120 |
) |
|
|
(328 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of year |
|
|
3.570 |
|
|
|
3,290 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change due to exchange rate movements and to changes in scope of consolidation |
|
|
(160 |
) |
|
|
(47 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cash and cash equivalents at end of year |
|
|
3,290 |
|
|
|
2,915 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 figures restated |
|
* |
|
for definition see Bayer Group Key Data on front flap |
Financing cash flow
Financing activities resulted in a net cash inflow in 2006 of 10.2 billion
(2005: outflow of 1.9 billion), which was chiefly due to net borrowings of
10.7 billion in connection with the financing of the Schering AG acquisition.
The proceeds from the placement of 34 million new shares amounted to 1.2
billion. For details of the financing, see the table headed Principal Financing
Measures for the Schering AG Acquisition on the next page.
Cash outflows for dividend payments less the 176 million refund of
advance capital gains tax payments made on intragroup dividends in 2004
amounted to 535 million (2005: 440 million), while interest payments
rose to 1,155 million (2005: 787 million) primarily as a result of
borrowings made to finance the Schering AG acquisition.
As of December 31, 2006 the Bayer Group had cash and cash equivalents of
2,915 million, including 799 million held in escrow accounts. The
latter amount comprises 710 million transferred to a guarantee account
following the decision to squeeze out Bayer Schering Pharma AGs remaining
minority stockholders, and 89 million (2005: 253 million) earmarked
exclusively for payments relating to civil law settlements in antitrust
proceedings. In view of the restriction on its use, the liquidity held in
escrow accounts was not deducted when calculating net debt.
|
|
|
|
|
50 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Net debt
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
Net Debt |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noncurrent financial liabilities as per balance sheets (including derivatives) |
|
|
7,185 |
|
|
|
14,723 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which mandatory convertible bond |
|
|
|
|
|
|
2,276 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which hybrid bond |
|
|
1,268 |
|
|
|
1,247 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current financial liabilities as per balance sheets (including derivatives) |
|
|
1,767 |
|
|
|
5,078 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Derivative receivables |
|
|
188 |
|
|
|
185 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial liabilities |
|
|
8,764 |
|
|
|
19,616 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Cash and cash equivalents* |
|
|
3,037 |
|
|
|
2,116 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
- Available-for-sale financial assets |
|
|
233 |
|
|
|
27 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net debt from continuing operations |
|
|
5,494 |
|
|
|
17,473 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net debt from discontinued operations |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
66 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net debt (total) |
|
|
5,494 |
|
|
|
17,539 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
* |
|
In view of the restriction on its use, the 799 million liquidity in escrow accounts
was not deducted when calculating net debt. December 31, 2006: 2,116 million = 2,915
million 799 million (December 31, 2005: 3,037 million = 3,290 million 253
million) |
Net debt rose to 17.5 billion as of December 31, 2006, due mainly to the financing of the
Schering AG acquisition. The disbursements for this acquisition in 2006 totaled 16.3 billion.
From Schering AG we assumed financial liabilities of 0.2 billion and acquired liquid assets of
1.0 billion. The following table shows the components of the acquisition financing package and
their status at year end.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
June 30, |
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
Principal Financing Measures for the Schering AG Acquisition |
|
2006 |
|
|
2006 |
|
billion |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Credit utilization: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bridge financing (7 billion facility) |
|
|
0.6 |
|
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Syndicated loan (7 billion facility) |
|
|
7.0 |
|
|
|
5.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which with a one-year term |
|
|
3.0 |
|
|
|
1.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bond issues: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
3-year floating-rate Eurobond |
|
|
1.6 |
|
|
|
1.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
7-year fixed-rate Eurobond |
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
|
1.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
12-year fixed-rate sterling bond |
|
|
0.4 |
|
|
|
0.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Mandatory convertible bond |
|
|
2.3 |
|
|
|
2.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock placement: |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
New shares |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
12.9 |
|
|
|
12.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The remainder of the purchase price for the acquired shares of Schering AG was financed mainly
with liquid assets. As well as fully redeeming the bridge financing, we had also paid down the
syndicated 7 billion loan to 5.7 billion by the end of 2006.
In China,
Bayer secured a rmb 6.1 billion (0.6 billion) credit line to finance the ongoing
construction of a production facility for polyurethane raw materials in Caojing.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 51 |
Liquidity and Capital Resources
As of December 31, 2006 we had noncurrent financial liabilities of 14.7 billion, including
the 1.2 billion hybrid bond issued in July 2005 and the 2.3 billion mandatory convertible
bond issued in April 2006. Moodys and Standard & Poors treat 75 percent and 50 percent,
respectively, of the hybrid bond as equity. Both rating agencies consider the mandatory convertible
bond wholly as equity. Unlike conventional borrowings, the hybrid bond thus has only a limited
effect on the Groups rating-specific debt indicators, while the mandatory convertible bond has no
effect. We raised an additional 1.2 billion through the successful placement of 34 million new
shares. Along with the placing of the 2.3 billion mandatory convertible bond, this completed
the equity raising announced in connection with the Schering AG acquisition. The total 3.5
billion thus raised is below the 4 billion limit originally set.
In January 2007, we sold the diagnostics business to Siemens for 4.3 billion. The difference
compared with the price of 4.2 billion announced in July 2006 results mainly from the transfer
of higher working capital. The transaction resulted in a cash inflow of 0.4 billion at the end
of 2006, while the remaining 3.9 billion was received at the beginning of 2007. We sold H.C.
Starck to Advent International and The Carlyle Group. The transaction value of approximately
1.2 billion comprises a cash component of more than 0.7 billion and the assumption of
financial liabilities and personnel-related commitments totaling some 0.5 billion. This sale
was closed at the beginning of February 2007. We intend to use the cash inflows from these
transactions, along with the proceeds of the planned sale of Wolff Walsrode to The Dow Chemical
Company, to reduce net debt.
Financial strategy
The financial management of the Bayer Group is conducted by the management holding company Bayer AG.
Finance is a global resource, generally procured centrally and distributed within the Group. The
foremost objectives of our financial management are to help bring about a sustained increase in
corporate value and ensure the Groups creditworthiness and liquidity. That means reducing our cost
of capital, improving our financing cash flow, optimizing our capital structure and effectively
managing risk.
Due to the increase in debt in connection with the acquisition of Schering AG, Standard & Poors
in July 2006 downgraded Bayer AGs long-term issuer rating
from A with stable outlook to bbb+ with
positive outlook. Also in July 2006, Moodys confirmed our current a3 rating, changing the outlook
from stable to negative. The short-term ratings are a-2 (Standard & Poors) and p-2 (Moodys).
These investment-grade ratings evidence a continuing high level of creditworthiness.
Our
financial strategy is geared toward the
single-a rating category in order to maintain our
financial flexibility. We therefore plan to use both the proceeds of divestitures and our
operating cash flows to reduce net debt.
We generally pursue a prudent debt management strategy aimed at ensuring flexibility, drawing on a
balanced financing portfolio. Chief among these resources in keeping with our requirements are
a syndicated credit facility, a multi-currency commercial paper program and a multi-currency Euro
Medium Term Note program. We also supplement our financing with various structured products, such
as an asset-backed securities program.
We use financial derivatives to hedge against risks arising from business operations or financial
transactions, but do not employ contracts in the absence of an underlying transaction. It is our
policy to diminish the default risk by selecting trading partners with a high credit standing. We
closely monitor the execution of all transactions, which are conducted according to Group-wide
guidelines.
|
|
|
|
|
52 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Further details of our risk management objectives and the ways in which we hedge all the major
types of transaction to which hedge accounting is applied, along with procurement market, credit,
liquidity and cash flow risks, as they relate to our use of financial instruments, are given in
Note [30] to the consolidated financial statements.
Earnings Performance
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Group Summary Income Statements |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Net sales |
|
|
24,701 |
|
|
|
28,956 |
|
|
|
+17.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of goods sold |
|
|
(13,412 |
) |
|
|
(15,275 |
) |
|
|
+13.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling expenses |
|
|
(5,247 |
) |
|
|
(6,534 |
) |
|
|
+24.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Research and development expenses |
|
|
(1,729 |
) |
|
|
(2,297 |
) |
|
|
+32.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
General administration expenses |
|
|
(1,307 |
) |
|
|
(1,599 |
) |
|
|
+22.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other operating income and expenses net |
|
|
(492 |
) |
|
|
(489 |
) |
|
|
-0.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT (operating result) |
|
|
2,514 |
|
|
|
2,762 |
|
|
|
+9.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-operating result |
|
|
(602 |
) |
|
|
(782 |
) |
|
|
+29.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before income taxes |
|
|
1,912 |
|
|
|
1,980 |
|
|
|
+3.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes |
|
|
(538 |
) |
|
|
(454 |
) |
|
|
-15.6 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income after taxes from discontinued operations |
|
|
221 |
|
|
|
169 |
|
|
|
-23.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income after taxes |
|
|
1,595 |
|
|
|
1,695 |
|
|
|
+6.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which
attributable to minority interest |
|
|
(2 |
) |
|
|
12 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
of which
attributable to Bayer AG stockholders (net income) |
|
|
1,597 |
|
|
|
1,683 |
|
|
|
+5.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales of the Bayer Group increased by 17.2 percent, or 4,255 million, from the previous
year to 28,956 million. In local currencies and adjusted for portfolio effects, sales rose by
5.2 percent.
The cost of goods sold increased by 13.9 percent to 15.3 billion, mainly due to the inclusion
of the business of Schering AG, Berlin, Germany, but also because of the growth in other businesses
and higher raw material costs. The ratio of the cost of goods sold to total net sales was 52.8
percent, compared with 54.3 percent in the previous year. With the inclusion of Schering AG,
selling expenses rose by a total of 24.5 percent to 6.5 billion. Due to the increase in the
proportion of life science activities in our portfolio, the ratio of selling expenses to sales rose
to 22.6 percent, from 21.2 percent in 2005. The importance of research and development in the Bayer
Group has further increased through the Schering AG acquisition. Accordingly, our research and
development expenses climbed by 32.9 percent to
2.3 billion, the ratio of r&d expenses to net
sales being 7.9 percent (2005: 7.0 percent). General administration expenses came to 1,599
million. The negative balance of other operating income and expenses resulted from costs related to
the acquisition of Schering AG and integration of the business, restructuring, litigation and
valuation write-downs. Gains included mainly those from the sale of a building and the divestiture
of low-volume product lines and active ingredients.
ebit for 2006 came in at 2,762 million. Before net special charges of 717 million (2005:
533 million), ebit climbed by 14.2 percent to 3,479 million.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 53 |
The non-operating result worsened by 180 million to minus 782 million. Whereas income
from investments in affiliated companies rose by a substantial 229 million, net interest
expense increased by 390 million, due particularly to the acquisition-related increase in net
debt at mid-year. Income from investments in affiliated companies included the proceeds of 236
million from the sale of our 49.9 percent interest in GE Bayer Silicones.
Income taxes for continuing operations in 2006 came to 454 million (2005: 538 million). The
lower tax expense was due mainly to first-time recognition of deferred tax assets for loss
carryforwards. The effective tax rate declined to 22.9 percent, from 28.1 percent in the prior
year.
Including the result of discontinued operations and after minority interests, Group net income in
2006 improved by 86 million to 1,683 million.
Asset and Capital Structure
Total assets increased by 19.2 billion compared with December 31, 2005, to 55.9
billion, mainly because of the acquisition of Schering AG, Berlin, Germany. Explanations concerning
the full consolidation of Schering are provided in Note [7.2] to the consolidated financial
statements. The data relating to the Schering AG purchase price allocation are preliminary.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
|
Dec. 31, |
|
|
|
|
Bayer Group Summary Balance Sheets |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
Change |
|
|
|
million |
|
|
million |
|
|
% |
|
Noncurrent assets |
|
|
20,130 |
|
|
|
35,897 |
|
|
|
+78.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current assets |
|
|
16,592 |
|
|
|
17,069 |
|
|
|
+2.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Assets held for sale and discontinued operations |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
2,925 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current assets |
|
|
16,592 |
|
|
|
19,994 |
|
|
|
+20.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets |
|
|
36,722 |
|
|
|
55,891 |
|
|
|
+52.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders equity |
|
|
11,157 |
|
|
|
12,851 |
|
|
|
+15.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noncurrent liabilities |
|
|
16,495 |
|
|
|
27,525 |
|
|
|
+66.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current liabilities |
|
|
9,070 |
|
|
|
14,667 |
|
|
|
+61.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities directly related to assets held for sale
and discontinued operations |
|
|
0 |
|
|
|
848 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total current liabilities |
|
|
9,070 |
|
|
|
15,515 |
|
|
|
+71.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities |
|
|
25,565 |
|
|
|
43,040 |
|
|
|
+68.4 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total stockholders equity and liabilities |
|
|
36,722 |
|
|
|
55,891 |
|
|
|
+52.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Noncurrent assets rose by 15.8 billion to 35.9 billion. They include 11.6 billion
in acquired and amortized intangible assets of Schering AG, consisting mainly of production-related
rights and know-how. Noncurrent assets also included goodwill of 5.7 billion as of December 31,
2006 resulting from the Schering AG acquisition.
Current assets of continuing operations rose by 0.5 billion from the previous year, to 17.1
billion, largely because of the trade accounts receivable, inventories, and cash and cash
equivalents added by the Schering AG acquisition. Current assets were diminished by the
presentation of Diagnostics, H.C. Starck and Wolff Walsrode as discontinued operations. These
businesses are no longer reflected in the individual balance sheet items as in the prior year, but
instead are recognized under Assets held for sale and discontinued operations and the
corresponding liability item.
|
|
|
|
|
54 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Stockholders equity expanded by 1.7 billion to 12.9 billion. The dividend payment
(including reimbursements of capital gains tax) diminished stockholders equity by 0.5 billion,
and negative currency effects led to a reduction of 0.7 billion, while Group net income
contributed 1.7 billion and the issuance of new shares added 1.2 billion. This capital
increase brought the capital stock of Bayer AG to 2.0 billion. The equity ratio (equity
coverage of total assets) for 2006 thus stood at 23.0 percent on December 31, 2006 (2005: 30.4
percent). Taking into account our portfolio changes, we expect the equity ratio to be back at
around 30 percent at year end 2007.
Liabilities grew by 17.5 billion compared with December 31, 2005, to 43.0 billion. Current
and noncurrent financial liabilities rose by 10.8 billion, mainly due to the financing of the
Schering AG acquisition. Despite the inclusion of Scherings pension commitments, provisions for
pensions were down by 0.6 billion to 6.5 billion in light of actuarial changes recognized
directly in stockholders equity.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance Sheet and Financial Ratios |
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
Cost of sales ratio (%) |
|
Cost of goods sold |
|
|
54.3 |
|
|
|
52.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
R&D expense ratio (%) |
|
Research and development expenses |
|
|
7.0 |
|
|
|
7.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inventory turnover |
|
Cost of goods sold |
|
|
2.4 |
|
|
|
2.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Inventories |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Receivables turnover |
|
Net sales |
|
|
4.7 |
|
|
|
5.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Trade accounts receivable |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBIT margin before special items (%) |
|
EBIT before special items |
|
|
12.3 |
|
|
|
12.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
EBITDA margin before special items (%) |
|
EBITDA before special items |
|
|
18.6 |
|
|
|
19.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asset intensity (%) |
|
Property, plant and equipment + intangible assets |
|
|
43.6 |
|
|
|
62.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets (continuing operations) 1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
D&A/capex ratio (%) |
|
Depreciation and amortization |
|
|
126.5 |
|
|
|
100.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Capital expenditures |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liability structure 2 (%) |
|
Current liabilities |
|
|
35.5 |
|
|
|
36.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Liabilities |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gearing (%) |
|
Net debt + pension provisions |
|
|
1.1 |
|
|
|
1.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stockholders equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Equity ratio 2 (%) |
|
Stockholders' equity |
|
|
30.4 |
|
|
|
23.0 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total assets |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Return on stockholders equity 2 (%) |
|
Income after taxes |
|
|
14.4 |
|
|
|
14.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average stockholders equity |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Return on assets (%) |
|
Income before taxes and interest expense |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Average total assets for the year based on |
|
|
8.8 |
|
|
|
7.7 |
|
|
|
segment table |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 figures restated |
|
1 |
|
Total assets (continuing operations) = noncurrent and
current assets minus the balance sheet item assets held for sale and
discontinued operations |
|
2 |
|
Ratio refers to the total of continuing and discontinued operations |
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 55 |
Asset and Capital Structure
Information pursuant to Section 289, Paragraph 4 and
Section 315, Paragraph 4 of the German Commercial Code
The capital stock of Bayer AG amounts to 1,956,715,315.20 and is divided into 764,341,920
no-par bearer shares. Each share confers one voting right.
We have received the following notifications of direct and indirect holdings of shares in Bayer AG
that exceed 10 percent of the capital stock:
The
Capital Group Companies, Inc., u.s.a., has notified us pursuant to Section 21, Paragraph 1 of
the German Securities Trading Act (WpHG) that the proportion of voting rights it holds in our
company exceeded the 10 percent threshold on September 19, 2006, that since that date it has held
10.0179 percent of the voting rights and that all of these voting rights are attributable to it
pursuant to Section 22, Paragraph 1, Sentence 1, No. 6 in conjunction with Section 22, Paragraph 1,
Sentence 2 and Sentence 3 of the German Securities Trading Act. Further, the Capital Research and
Management Company,
u.s.a., which according to our information is a subsidiary of The Capital Group
Companies, Inc., has notified us that the proportion of voting rights it holds in our company
exceeded the 10 percent threshold on November 8, 2006, that since that date it has held 10.0852
percent of the voting rights, and that all of these voting rights are attributable to it pursuant
to Section 22, Paragraph 1, Sentence 1, No. 6 of the German Securities Trading Act.
Pursuant to Section 84, Paragraph 1 of the German Stock Corporation Act (AktG), the members of the
Board of Management are appointed and dismissed by the Supervisory Board. Since Bayer AG falls
within the scope of the German Codetermination Act (MitbestG), the appointment or dismissal of
members of the Board of Management requires a majority of two-thirds of the votes of the members of
the Supervisory Board. If no such majority is achieved on the first ballot, the appointment may be
approved on a second ballot by a simple majority of the votes of the members of the Supervisory
Board pursuant to Section 31, Paragraph 3 of the Codetermination Act. If the required majority is
still not achieved, a third ballot is held. Here again, a simple majority of the votes suffices,
but in this ballot the Chairman of the Supervisory Board has two votes pursuant to Section 31,
Paragraph 4 of the Codetermination Act.
Under Section 6, Paragraph 1 of the Articles of Incorporation of Bayer AG, the Board of Management
must comprise at least two members. If further members are appointed to the Board of Management,
under Section 84, Paragraph 2 of the German Stock Corporation Act or Section 6, Paragraph 1 of the
Articles of Incorporation, the Supervisory Board may appoint one member to be Chairman of the
Board of Management.
Pursuant to Section 179, Paragraph 1 of the German Stock Corporation Act, amendments to the
Articles of Incorporation require a resolution of the Stockholders Meeting. Pursuant to Section
179, Paragraph 2, this resolution must be passed by a majority of three-quarters of the voting
capital represented at the meeting, unless the Articles of Incorporation provide for a different
majority. However, where an amendment relates to a change in the object of the company, the
Articles of Incorporation may only specify a larger majority. Section 17, Paragraph 2 of the
Articles of Incorporation of Bayer AG utilizes the scope for deviation pursuant to Section 179,
Paragraph 2 of the German Stock Corporation Act and provides that resolutions may be passed by a
simple majority of the votes or, where a capital majority is required, by a simple majority of the
capital.
The Annual Stockholders Meeting of Bayer AG on April 28, 2006 resolved to revoke the existing
Authorized Capital and create new Authorized Capital (Authorized Capital I and Authorized Capital
II) and adopted the necessary amendments to the Articles of Incorporation. With the approval of
the Supervisory Board and until April 27, 2011, the Board of Management may use the Authorized
Capital I to increase the capital stock by up to a
|
|
|
|
|
56 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
total of 465 million. The issue of new shares may take place in exchange for cash and/or
contributions in kind, but capital increases in exchange for contributions in kind may not exceed
a total of 370 million. If the Authorized Capital I is used to issue shares in return for cash
contributions, stockholders must be granted subscription rights. With the approval of the
Supervisory Board and until April 27, 2011, the Board of Management is also authorized to increase
the capital by up to 186 million in one or more installments by issuing shares out of the
Authorized Capital II in exchange for cash contributions. The stockholders must be granted
subscription rights. However, the Board of Management is authorized, with the approval of the
Supervisory Board, to exclude subscription rights for stockholders provided the capital increase
out of the Authorized Capital II does not exceed 10 percent of the capital stock existing at the
time this authorization becomes effective or the time this authorization is exercised. Following
the capital increase on July 6, 2006, the Authorized Capital II is currently 98.960 million.
Conditional capital of 186.88 million, corresponding to 73,000,000 shares, exists to service
the conversion rights under a mandatory convertible bond issued by Bayer Capital Corporation b.v.
on April 6, 2006. Further, the Annual Stockholders Meeting on April 28, 2006 authorized the Board
of Management to purchase and sell company shares representing up to 10 percent of the capital
stock. This authorization expires on October 27, 2007.
Material agreements entered into by Bayer AG which are subject to the condition precedent of a
change of control include, firstly, the agreement of March 23, 2006 establishing a 7 billion
syndicated credit facility for Bayer AG. This agreement contains provisions entitling the banks
participating in the syndication to terminate the agreement in the event of a change of control
and demand repayment of any outstanding sums.
Similarly, the 2.3 billion mandatory convertible bond issued by Bayer Capital Corporation b.v.
on April 6, 2006, which is secured by a subordinated guarantee from Bayer AG, also contains a
change of control clause. Under Section 6.5 of the conditions of issue, in the event of a takeover
offer pursuant to Section 29, Paragraph 1 of the German Securities Acquisition and Takeover Act
(WpÜG) or a mandatory offer, bondholders shall be entitled to exercise their conversion rights. If
they do so, they will receive Bayer AG shares in accordance with the applicable conversion ratio.
Finally, the terms of the 3 billion in notes issued by Bayer AG in 2006 under its
multi-currency Euro Medium Term Note program also contain a change of control clause. Holders of
these notes have the right to demand the redemption of their notes by Bayer AG in the event of a
change of control if Bayer AGs credit rating is downgraded within 120 days after such change of
control becomes effective.
The following arrangements have been made for the members of the Board of Management of Bayer AG
in the event of a takeover offer:
In the event of a change of control and termination of a Board of Management members service
contract within 12 months thereafter whether by mutual consent, through expiration of the
contract or through its voluntary termination by the member in certain circumstances, such as a
change in strategy the member would receive a monthly bridging allowance amounting to 80 percent
of his last monthly fixed salary for a period of 60 months, not counting any period for which he
is released from his duties on full pay. His pension entitlement is based on the final target
pension level. If this has not already been reached by the date of the change of control, his
pension entitlement will be supplemented up to this level.
There are no comparable arrangements for employees.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 57 |
Proposal for Distribution of the Profit
Under German law, the dividend payment is based on the balance sheet profit of the parent
company, which amounted to 764 million in 2006:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer AG Summary Income Statements |
|
2005 |
|
|
2006 |
|
million |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net sales |
|
|
197 |
|
|
|
196 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Cost of goods sold |
|
|
(134 |
) |
|
|
(146 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Gross profit |
|
|
63 |
|
|
|
50 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Selling and administration expenses |
|
|
(215 |
) |
|
|
(194 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Other operating income and expenses net |
|
|
110 |
|
|
|
(5 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Operating result |
|
|
(42 |
) |
|
|
(149 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Non-operating result |
|
|
719 |
|
|
|
1,449 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income before income taxes |
|
|
677 |
|
|
|
1,300 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Income taxes |
|
|
(64 |
) |
|
|
(50 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Net income |
|
|
613 |
|
|
|
1,250 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Allocation (to) from retained earnings |
|
|
81 |
|
|
|
(486 |
) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Balance sheet profit |
|
|
694 |
|
|
|
764 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
We will propose to the Annual Stockholders Meeting on April 27, 2007 that the balance sheet
profit be used to pay a dividend of 1.00 per share (764,341,920 shares) on the capital stock
of 2.0 billion entitled to the dividend for 2006.
|
|
|
|
|
58 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Employees
On December 31, 2006 the Bayer Group had 106,000 employees worldwide, compared to 82,600 on
the same date in 2005. This increase is due largely to the inclusion of the employees of Schering.
The 9,700 employees in discontinued operations are not included in the overall number.
Since the second quarter of 2006, the number of employees has been converted to full-time
equivalents, which means part-time employees are included in proportion to their contractual
working hours. We believe this presentation improves the comparability of personnel expenses and
employee numbers. The previous years data have been restated accordingly. A breakdown of
employees by segment and region is provided in the segment table in Note [1] to the consolidated
financial statements. Personnel expenses increased by 24.7 percent in 2006 to 6,630 million.
This figure includes Schering employees from the effective date of the Schering acquisition.
Our employees are our most important capital. Bayers human resources policy is centered around
fostering their individual potential through continuing education and programs to help employees
reconcile career and private goals. Our ambitious efforts in these areas make us a very attractive
employer worldwide, as also demonstrated by various honors presented to Bayer in 2006 in Germany
and around the world (see page 210 ff.).
In October 2006 the Bayer European Forum formulated a joint declaration confirming the high
importance of a diverse employee structure for our company. For many years, social dialogue
between the employers and the employees representatives at Bayers European companies has been a
central element of the cross-border exchange of information and opinions.
It has been a long-standing priority at Bayer to give young people a career start, and we once
again intensified our traditionally strong efforts in vocational training. We established 30
additional vocational training positions as a contribution to the pact formed between the German
government and industry to promote occupational training and the development of young managerial
staff. Overall more than 1,000 young people entered an occupational training program at Bayer in
2006. Also, for many years, we have maintained a special program to prepare socially and
educationally disadvantaged young people for vocational training courses.
At our many sites around the world, we uphold an ongoing commitment to vocational training and
continuing education for our employees. In 2006, for example, we invested a total of approximately
4.5 million in continuing education measures for our employees in Latin America, with Brazil
alone accounting for about 1.7 million of this figure.
In connection with the more competitive alignment of our administrative functions, we began
reorganizing our human resources (hr) activities in October 2006. A clear distribution of tasks
strengthens the focus on value-creating processes, reduces complexity and significantly improves
support to our employees at all levels. In the individual Bayer Group
companies, hr Business
Partners advise management on strategic personnel issues and hr Experts develop human resources
strategies and instruments for Group-wide application. The hr Shared Service Center Europe in
Leverkusen offers rapid and competent assistance to all employees on a wide range of personnel
issues. Other human resources processes of the Bayer Group in Europe are to be transferred
successively to the Shared Service Center through the end of 2008. The company plans to establish
additional shared service centers in North and South America in 2007 and later on in Asia.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 59 |
We have further modernized our policy on health protection at the workplace by developing a
comprehensive declaration on non-smoker protection, thus taking a firm stance on this issue. Our
company health management plan includes both counseling and courses to help employees stop
smoking.
Variable income component systems based on corporate performance have traditionally been a core
element of our employee remuneration policy. For example, short-term incentive payments in a
record amount of approximately 59 million were made to the some 18,400 active non-managerial
employees of the subgroups, services companies and Corporate Center in Germany in 2006. Through
the introduction of a Group component based on the ebitda margin, the companys success will be
even more clearly reflected in the future in calculating short-term incentive payments.
In many countries we have offered various stock participation programs for a number of years that
enable our employees to purchase Bayer shares at more favorable rates, thus making an important
contribution to asset formation. Due partly to its high earnings goals, stockholder friendliness
and transparency, the Aspire program we introduced in 2005 for the executive management level
was honored just one year later by the asset management specialist Union Investment as the best
program offered by the 30 German
dax companies.
Procurement and Distribution
Bayer HealthCare
The Pharmaceuticals segment generally procures the starting materials for manufacturing the active
ingredients of its prescription medicines from external suppliers. We hold strategic reserves to
prevent supply bottlenecks and possible dependence on suppliers. We mitigate major price
fluctuations by purchasing the intermediates required to manufacture our principal active
ingredients from several approved suppliers on the basis of global contracts. The active
ingredients of our prescription medicines are currently manufactured almost entirely in Wuppertal
and Bergkamen, Germany, for Bayer production facilities worldwide. Our most important
pharmaceutical production plants are located in Berlin, Leverkusen and Weimar, Germany; Berkeley,
California, and Seattle, Washington, United States; Garbagnate, Italy; São Paulo, Brazil; Madrid,
Spain; and Turku, Finland. Our products are primarily distributed through wholesalers, pharmacies
and hospitals.
Since we actively compete with other drug suppliers worldwide, we seek to reinforce our external
distribution network with co-promotion and co-marketing arrangements. In September 2004 we entered
into a strategic alliance with Schering-Plough under which that company distributes our primary
care products (including Cipro® and Avelox®) in the United States. (Please
note that Schering-Plough Corporation, New Jersey and the company acquired by Bayer in June 2006,
i.e. Bayer Schering Pharma AG [formerly named Schering AG], Berlin, Germany, are unaffiliated
companies that have been totally independent of each other for many years.) At the same time, we
market selected oncology products from Schering-Plough in selected countries. Bayer and
Schering-Plough also plan to jointly market Schering-Ploughs product Zetia® in Japan,
where it is currently involved in the registration process. Our erectile dysfunction drug
Levitra® is co-marketed in the United States by GlaxoSmithKline and Schering-Plough. In
October 2005
|
|
|
|
|
60 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
we signed a strategic cooperation agreement with Johnson & Johnson under the terms of which
Johnson & Johnson is supporting the development of our antithrombotic drug rivar-oxaban (bay
59-7939). It is intended that Johnson & Johnson market the newly developed drug in the United
States at a later date. We also have a co-marketing agreement with Wyeth, Inc. for Europe
concerning gestoden, an active ingredient for oral contraceptives.
In our Consumer Health segment the focus is on products marketed directly to consumers. The
Consumer Care Division concentrates on non-prescription drugs. While the divisions sales and
distribution channels outside Europe are typically supermarket chains, drugstores and other
wholesalers, pharmacies are the usual distribution channel in Europe. Consumer Care procures
certain high volume raw materials from within the Bayer Group. Our major externally procured
high-volume raw materials from third parties are naproxen, ascorbic acid, citric acid, paracetamol
and phenylephrine. These are generally readily available. To minimize business risks, we diversify
our raw material procurement sources worldwide and conclude long-term supply agreements.
About one quarter of the products of the Diabetes Care Division are manufactured or assembled
directly by Bayer, while the rest are procured from original equipment manufacturers
(oems). The delivery of raw materials, components and finished products is based on a
supplier management process. Access to most of the materials is thus safeguarded through
contractual agreements, and they are therefore not subject to major fluctuations in price or
availability. Delivery bottlenecks for some direct or oem materials would have negative
consequences for the earnings performance of Diabetes Care. These items include customer-specific,
integrated circuits and sensors for producing the Ascen sia® blood glucose measurement
system. We therefore hold strategic reserves of certain direct materials or finished products in
order to be able to supply our customers consistently and reliably. Furthermore, we maintain a
global supplier network. Our Diabetes Care products are generally marketed to consumers outside
Europe through supermarket chains, drugstores and other wholesalers. In Europe, we market our
products usually through pharmacies.
The Animal Health Division procures the active pharmaceutical ingredients for its veterinary
medicines both from within the Bayer Group and from external suppliers throughout the world.
Depending on local regulatory frameworks, animal health products may be available to end users
with a prescription issued by a veterinarian or over the counter from retailers or in drugstores
and other specialized marketers.
Bayer CropScience
Crop Protection procures most of its raw materials from external companies. The cost of some raw
materials depends on fluctuating crude oil and energy prices and freight charges. As a large
proportion of our sales is generated in the northern hemisphere, the business is affected by the
growing seasons for the relevant crops and the respective distribution cycles. The products of
Crop Protection are marketed either to wholesalers or directly to retailers through a two- or
three-tier distribution system, according to local market conditions.
Our Environmental Science Business Group markets its products to both professional users and
consumer markets in the non-crop segment through various distribution channels. Our green
industry, pest control and vector control products are marketed directly to professional users,
while home and garden products are sold to consumers through distribution channels.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
Management Report 61
|
Procurement and Distribution
BioScience makes its seed products available to growers, distributors and processing
industries. Traits developed using plant biotechnology are either outlicensed to other seed
companies for use in their products or sold through our own seed companies. Important brands here
include InVigor® and FiberMax®. In some cases we make plant traits available
to other companies for use in their own research.
Bayer MaterialScience
The Polycarbonates business unit of MaterialScience sells its products primarily to injection
molding and extrusion processors for the manufacture of plastics components used predominantly in
the automotive, electronics, construction, data systems, medical equipment and leisure sectors.
The key petrochemical raw materials used by our Polycarbon-ates business unit are acetone and
phenol. With raw material costs affected mainly by the volatility of crude oil and oil derivative
prices, we generally conclude long-term supply agreements containing cost-based and
market-price-oriented adjustment formulas. Our products are marketed chiefly through regional
distribution channels. We also use trading houses and local distributors to sell to small volume
customers.
The polyurethane products of the Polyurethanes business unit, which are based on
isocy-anate-polyol systems, are used in the automotive, construction, electronics and furniture
industries and in leisure articles. The primary raw materials are petrochemical feedstocks, which
we mostly procure on the open market through long-term agreements. Our global joint venture with
Lyondell provides a supply source for propylene oxide, one of our key raw materials. We mostly
sell our isocyanate and polyol products directly to customers. Europe and the nafta countries
remain the primary markets for our polyurethanes business, with the Asian market continuing to
show the strongest prospects for future growth.
Our Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants business unit is a major manufacturer of raw materials for
coatings and adhesives used primarily in the automotive, furniture, plastics and construction
industries. Temporary fluctuations in prices for crude oil or utilities, for example, can heavily
impact the cost of our raw materials. For this reason, supplies of the principal chemical raw
materials are secured through long-term agreements. Major customers with global operations are
serviced directly by our key account managers.
|
|
|
|
|
62 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Research and Development
In 2006 Bayer invested a total of 2,297 million in research and development. It is
particularly important for us to continuously optimize our product portfolio and manufacturing
processes, while at the same time developing new products aimed at strengthening our core
businesses.
Other research focuses are enabling technologies such as biotechnology and nanotechnology, which
offer enormous potential for developing new products and businesses.
For innovation projects in particular, we build on our network of collaborations with leading
universities, public-sector research institutes and partner companies. These collaborations allow
the pooling of expertise in order to rapidly translate new ideas into successful products.
The Bayer AG innovation initiative Triple-i: Inspiration, Ideas, Innovation was successfully
launched in 2006. The initiative encourages all Bayer employees worldwide to submit ideas for
potential new products and thus help strengthen Bayers innovative power. More than 1,900 ideas
were received in the first eight months, many of which were passed on for further evaluation.
Bayer HealthCare
In 2006, 1,426 million, or roughly 62.1 percent of the Bayer Groups research and development
budget, was spent by HealthCare. Here it must be kept in mind that the Schering AG business is
included on a pro-rated basis. With this investment, the subgroup is laying the foundation in the
Pharmaceuticals and Consumer Health segments for the introduction of further innovative products
in expanding markets.
The Research & Development function of our Pharmaceuticals segment has been restructured as part
of our integration of Schering AG. It now encompasses the functions Global Drug Discovery and
Global Development. We intend the changes in Research & Development to leverage the combined
assets of Schering and Bayer to maximize both the output and effectiveness of our drug discovery
and development programs.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
Management
Report 63
|
Research and Development
Research programs and activities will be consolidated into three major research and
development sites: Berlin and Wuppertal, Germany, and Berkeley, California. The Berlin research
group will take leadership for diagnostic imaging, oncology and womens health. Wuppertal will
take leadership for the companys hematology and cardiology research. Both locations have
significant capabilities and activities in target discovery, lead generation and optimization,
drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, toxicology and clinical pharmacology. Berkeley will remain
an important global research and development center for protein-based biologics drug discovery and
will continue to be home of the Kogenate® biological manufacturing facility. Bayer
HealthCares u.s. research site in West Haven, Connecticut, and that of Berlex Inc. (u.s.
subsidiary of Bayer Schering Pharma AG) in Richmond, California, will be closed.
Our r&d activities are focused on the identification and development of new active substances for
diseases with a high unmet medical need. In 2006 we conducted clinical studies with several
candidates from our research and development pipeline.
Our research and development pipeline is currently being evaluated in connection with the
integration of Schering AG and will be announced at a later date.
Following its registration by the u.s. Food and Drug Administration in December 2005, our new
cancer drug Nexavar® (sorafenib) was approved in July 2006 by the European Medicines
Evaluation Agency (emea) for the treatment of patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma (rcc).
Over the course of 2006, the product was registered in nearly 50 other countries for the treatment
of advanced rcc. Nexavar® is based on a novel active ingredient developed jointly with
Onyx Pharmaceuticals Inc. that inhibits tumor growth by simultaneously blocking several
serine/threonine and receptor tyrosine kinases in tumor cells. The drug also reduces the
generation of blood vessels that supply the tumor.
In addition to the launch of Nexavar® for advanced rcc, we are actively pursuing our
Phase III clinical trial programs for the treatment of hepatocellular carcinoma (hcc), malignant
melanoma and non-small cell lung cancer (nsclc). In the course of 2006, the fda and the European
emea both granted orphan drug designation to Nexavar® for the treatment of hcc.
Furthermore, Nexavar® received fast track status from the FDA for the treatment of
hcc and malignant melanoma. In December 2006, results were announced from the Phase iii malignant
melanoma study evaluating the combination of Nexavar® or placebo tablets with the
chemotherapeutic agents carboplatin and paclitaxel in patients with advanced melanoma. This trial
did not meet its primary endpoint of improving progression-free survival (pfs). The result of
treatment was similar in the two treatment arms. In February 2007 an independent data monitoring
committee (dmc) reviewed the safety and efficacy data of the Phase iii clinical trial on the
treatment of hcc with the conclusion that the trial met its primary endpoint. The dmc recommended
stopping the trial early and Bayer and Onyx will follow that recommendation. The companies will
continue discussions with health authorities worldwide regarding the next steps in filing for
approval for the treatment of hcc, and intend to make those filings as rapidly as possible. Other
tumor types are under investigation in earlier stages of clinical development.
In 2006 we launched Phase ii clinical trials with zk-epo, a further development candidate from the
indication oncology.
|
|
|
|
|
64 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
zk-epo is a novel epothilone that blocks tumor cell division through a special mechanism of
action. This substance is specifically designed to overcome limitations associated with other
microtubule stabilizing agents. zk-epo is currently being tested for its effectiveness against
various solid tumors, including several major cancers such as non-small-cell lung cancer (nsclc),
ovarian cancer, prostate cancer and breast cancer.
Rivaroxaban (bay 59-7939) is a novel oral direct Factor Xa inhibitor being developed to address
currently unmet needs in the anticoagulation market for prevention and treatment of thrombotic
events. In October 2005, Bayer HealthCare and the Johnson & Johnson subsidiary Ortho-McNeil
entered into an alliance under which Ortho-McNeil is contributing to the development of
rivaroxaban, and initiated phase III clinical trials in December 2005 for the prevention of venous
thromboembolism (vte) after major orthopedic surgery. In June 2006 we announced Phase III trials
in the two chronic indications stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation and treatment of venous
thromboembolism vte in a once-daily dose regimen. Also in 2006, we began Phase II clinical trials
in the indication acute coronary syndrome/myocardial infarction.
One example of research and development activities in our Womens Health business unit is the
developmental product yaz® from the drospirenone product line. A flexible dosing
regimen will make yaz® unique and different from other long-cycle oral contraceptives.
The project is in Phase III clinical trials. Clinical studies for yaz ® in the
indication acne treatment have demonstrated its effectiveness in this indication. This effect is
brought about by the ingredient progestin drospirenone, which has anti-androgenic properties. fda
approval for yaz® in the treatment of acne was granted in January 2007.
Our research and development efforts for biological products of the Hematology/Cardiology business
unit are centered around strengthening and expanding our recombinant Factor VIII product
Kogenate®. Key research and product development projects involving this product are
Kogenate® Next Generation and gene therapy for hemophilia B. In addition to the
current optimization of new protein variants of our recombinant blood coagulation Factor VIII, we
are evaluating technologies that could also playarole for the next generation of
Kogenate®. These technologies include, among others, developments based on an exclusive
global license agreement with Dutch-based Zilip-Pharma that permits us to develop and market a new
Kogenate® fs presentation based on patented pegylated liposome technology.
To supplement our internal research and development efforts, we collaborate with several companies
in different stages of the typical pharmaceutical research cycle.
We supplement our portfolio of products emerging from our own research and development with
in-licensed products, both on a global and a national level. Recent examples are the purchase of
the European business for Boehringer Ingelheims blood pressure treatment telmisartan
(Pritor® and PritorPlus®) from GlaxoSmithKline in January 2006. Also in
January 2006, we entered into an agreement with Nuvelo, Inc. for the global development and
commercialization of alfimeprase, a novel clot dissolver, which is currently in Phase III
development for the indications acute peripheral arterial occlusion (apao) and catheter occlusion
(co) and was granted fast track status by the fda in January 2006. Nuvelo and Bayer HealthCare
announced in December 2006 that the two Phase III trials of alfimeprase in patients with apao
(napa-2 trial) and in co (sonoma-2 trial) did not meet their primary endpoints. The companies are
temporarily suspending enrollment in the ongoing Phase III trials, napa-3 and sonoma-3, until
further analyses and discussions with outside experts and regulatory agencies are completed.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
Management
Report 65
|
Research and Development
In October 2006 we entered into a collaboration agreement with Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc.
for the global development and commercialization of the vegf Trap for the treatment of eye disease
by local administration into the eye. The vegf Trap, currently in Phase I and Phase II clinical
trials, is a protein that binds to or traps the vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) and
blocks its activity. Bayer has the contractual right to market the drug outside the United States
if approved by the competent authorities.
We apply life cycle management measures to our marketed products to expand the scope of possible
treatment opportunities by identifying new indications and improved formulations. Adalat ®
is a prime example of successful life cycle management: twenty-one years after the expiration
of patent protection for the active ingredient nifedipine, its key component, the drug generated
657 million in sales in 2006.
Research and development activities of the Consumer Care Division focus on the identification,
development and market introduction of non-prescription (over-the-counter = otc) products. These
efforts are centered around support for existing brands and the implementation of product-related,
clinical and regulatory development strategies that offer the opportunity to successfully exploit
new technologies, the expansion of indications for existing products and the reclassification of
current prescription medicines as otc products.
Our Diabetes Care division focuses its research and development activities primarily on
strengthening its core product lines and on expanding into high growth/high margin segments of the
market. We achieve this through internal development and collaborations with suppliers of mass
market, user-friendly whole blood glucose monitoring systems. In addition, we are actively
researching a minimally invasive system that requires only a small blood sample and has a short
testing time. Beyond these research and development projects we are investing in technologies that
will allow glucose monitoring without painful invasive sampling of body fluids. Our long-term aim
is to allow monitoring without painful invasive blood sampling. One example of our expansion into
new segments of the diabetes market is the acquisition in July 2006 of u.s.-based Metrika,
headquartered in Sunnyvale, California. Metrika manufactures and markets a new type of handheld
diabetes monitoring system capable of measuring the long-term
diabetes parameter HbA1c ,
also known as glycated hemoglobin.
The Animal Health division focuses its research and development activities on antimicrobials,
parasiticides and active ingredients useful for the treatment of non-infectious diseases such as
renal failure, pain management, oncology and congestive heart failure.
|
|
|
|
|
66 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Bayer CropScience
In 2006, 614 million or about 26.7 percent of the Bayer Groups research and development
budget was spent at CropScience.
CropScience has at its disposal a global network of research and development facilities. Crop
Protection operates major research and development facilities in Monheim and Frankfurt, Germany;
Lyon and Sophia Antipolis, France; Stilwell, Kansas and Raleigh, North Carolina, United States;
and Yuki City, Japan.
While research is concentrated at specialized sites, development activities range from central
facilities to field testing stations across the globe, enabling product testing in the relevant
geographical areas.
Crop Protection Research and Development is responsible for the identification and development of
innovative, safe and economically sustainable solutions in crop protection. Research covers
activities to identify new active ingredients that can be developed as insecticides, fungicides or
herbicides and/or other areas in modern crop protection. In addition to classical chemistry,
biology and biochemistry, modern technologies such as combinatorial chemistry,
ultra-high-throughput-screening, genomics and bioinformatics play an important role in the
identification of new lead structures. Collaborations with third parties supplement our internal
research activities.
Once a compound is identified for development, its biological, environmental and toxicological
profile, as well as its economic potential, is assessed. Suitable candidates are launched in the
market after having obtained the required regulatory approvals.
We actively support our products through continuous life cycle management. This includes the
development of new formulations for existing active ingredients and products, e.g., expanding
their applicability to additional crops or improving handling and facilitating application of the
product.
The following new active ingredients were launched in 2006 or are expected to be launched by Crop
Protection in 2007, subject to regulatory approval.
|
|
|
|
|
New active ingredient |
|
Indication |
|
Status |
Fluopicolide
|
|
Fungicide
|
|
Market introduction 2006 |
|
|
|
|
|
Flubendiamide
|
|
Insecticide
|
|
Market introduction expected in 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
Tembotrione
|
|
Herbicide
|
|
Market introduction expected in 2007 |
|
|
|
|
|
Fluopicolide (major brand: Infinito®) belongs to a new chemical class named
acylpicolides. Products containing this novel chemical compound have been developed for use to
control oomycete diseases in potatoes, vegetables and ornamentals. The new mode of action is
intended to enable farmers to control oomycete diseases that are resistant to standard fungicides.
Flubendiamide (major brand: Belt®) represents a novel chemical family of substituted
phthalic acid diamides with potent insecticidal activity. Belt® is a new insecticide
for foliar application in annual and perennial crops, offering protection primarily against all
major Lepidoptera species. Belt® is being co-developed by Nikon Nohyaku Company and
Bayer CropScience for worldwide use on vegetables, fruits, cotton, corn, beans, tea and a number
of other crops.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
|
|
|
Management
Report 67
|
Research and Development
Tembotrione (major brand: Laudis®) from the triketone chemical family is a new
herbicide for foliar application in corn plants. Tembotrione is a leaf-active substance that
eliminates the protection of chlorophyll against UV light in weeds. Tembotrione is applied
together with a safener component which enables the corn plants to metabolize the active substance
and maintain the carotinoid layer protecting the corn plant against UV light, thereby offering a
broad-spectrum weed control.
The molecules discovered by Crop Protection research are also tested and evaluated in
Environmental Science for potential development. Molecules from other companies may be tested and
purchased if suitable. Development projects include passive treatments (gels, baits) and
formulations to control insects, as well as new herbicide products and new mixtures of fungicides
for the turf and ornamental market segments.
In 2006, the key launches of Environmental Science were the fungicide TartanTM
(trifloxystrobin triadimefon-based) and the insecticide ForbidTM (spiromesifen-based)
in the green industry and the sprayable Quickbayt® (imidacloprid-based) for fly control
in professional pest control applications. In 2007 we expect to launch, among others, the
insecticide Exemptor® (thiacloprid-based) in the green industry in Europe, as well as a
new type of termite control granules (imidacloprid-based) and a new 2,4-d, dicamba-based herbicide
for the pest and weed consumer market in the United States.
Research activities in the BioScience Business Group are based on plant technology and modern
breeding methods. The primary BioScience research facilities are located in Lyon, France; Haelen,
Netherlands; Ghent, Belgium; and Potsdam, Germany. Our main development sites are in the United
States, Canada, Brazil, India and Australia.
Research and development in this field is mainly geared toward improving the agronomic and
qualitative properties of crops. The technologies used include all relevant tools from
identifying the gene of interest to developing it necessary to improve key crops (cotton, canola
and rice) for growers and industrial partners. Various projects at the research and development
stage are pursuing the goal of improving the agronomic traits of crops with respect to herbicide
tolerance, disease and insect resistance, harvest yields and quality. Our researchers are also
searching for ways to develop plants that are highly resistant to stress factors such as extreme
temperatures. At the same time, we conduct detailed analyses of crops with a view to producing
special raw materials for industrial and consumer applications.
Our business growth in BioScience is supported by the continuous introduction of new products. In
2006 we introduced eight new cotton grades and four types of rice. We expect to launch several new
cotton grades and one new type of canola in 2007.
|
|
|
|
|
68 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Bayer MaterialScience
In 2006 MaterialScience spent 227 million, not including joint development activities with
customers, to further expand its position as a technology leader and global supplier of
customized, high-quality materials and systems solutions. This corresponds to 9.9 percent of the
Groups research and development expenses. In the five Material-Science business units
Polyurethanes; Polycarbonates; Thermoplastic Polyurethanes; Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants and
Inorganic Basic Chemicals state-of-the-art technologies and production processes are used to
implement new products and applications in close cooperation with our customers and external
partners.
For example, our Polycarbonates business unit strives to develop new formulations and applications
for its products and constantly improve its manufacturing processes. We are currently working
further on the optimization of our new polycarbonate melt manufacturing process.
In product development, we focus our activities on developing new blends, refining material for
optical data storage, developing modified base materials for polycarbonate sheets and modifying
the surface of polycarbonates using various coating technologies. Examples include the further
development of our Bayblend® FR series and Makrolon® with improved
flame-resistant properties for the electronics and automotive industries. In the area of
polycarbonate films, we are developing value added films (comprising new resins as well as
surface-modified films) to enter new market segments such as soft touch coated
Makrofol® films for interior parts used in the automotive industry and mobile phone
housings.
The main areas of innovation in the Polyurethanes business unit are currently the development of
new or improved polyether polyol types and blends as well as the improvement of manufacturing
processes. Polyurethanes concentrates its research and development efforts with respect to
aromatic isocyanates on improving existing products and technologies for their manufacture. Our
tdi facility in Caojing, China, which is planned to come on stream in 2009, will use such improved
manufacturing processes.
In product development, we focus our activities on extending the applications for new composite
materials. We also work to improve flame resistance and thermal insulation properties. We develop
other materials for durability aspects using various technologies. Examples here include the
development of Multitec® for use in bathtubs as well as hoods and fenders for
agricultural vehicles.
The Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants business unit focuses its research and development activities on
developing polyurethane raw materials for the formulation of high performance coatings, adhesives
and sealants, such as aliphatic and aromatic polyisocyanates and resin components. An important
area of research is raw materials for waterborne and thus more environmentally friendly coatings
systems. We are also working together with the u.s. company InPhase Technologies on the
development of new photoactive polymers for holographic data-storage applications. InPhases first
generation product by the name of Tapestry® will be a memory storage medium holding 300
gb of data. In collaboration with the British coatings manufacturer E. Wood, we are developing a
polyurea system based on a special aliphatic polyisocyanate. This new formulation is used for the
rehabilitation of drinking water pipes.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 69 |
The bulk of research and development activities conducted by the Thermoplastic Polyurethanes
business unit consists of developing high performance thermoplastic polyurethane resins and films,
such as highly uv-stable and transparent grades for foils in solar modules.
The processes and plants of our Inorganic Basic Chemicals business unit, which supply
MaterialScience with chlorine and inorganic intermediates, are continuously enhanced and optimized
while keeping in mind environmental compatibility. The main area of innovation in chlorine
production is currently the development of the oxygen depolarized cathode (odc) to significantly
reduce power consumption. We intend to use this technology to supply the isocyanate production in
Caojing, China, with chlorine beginning in 2008.
To exploit profitable business opportunities for the future, the New Business section of
MaterialScience constantly tracks and evaluates new technological and market trends. The most
promising ideas are channeled into research and development projects. These projects are then
either implemented in cooperation with the business units or developed within independent
companies as part of the so-called greenhouse concept. In 2006, for example, the start-up
enterprise lyttron was established for the production of three-dimensional molded
electroluminescent films. Our internal activities are supplemented by collaborations with
universities, institutes and start-up companies around the world.
Bayer Technology Services
For engineering and technological issues, particularly in the area of process technology, all
subgroups work closely together with Bayer Technology Services. This service company develops
innovative technology platforms for the Bayer Group, helping the subgroups to sustain their
performance. These enabling technologies shorten development times and support the manufacture of
new products, system solutions and production processes in the subgroups.
A strategic core element in this connection is international insourcing, which involves the
acquisition of know-how. This ranges from country-specific expertise in the implementation of
capital expenditure projects through the global exploitation of innovations and public research
funding to the recruitment of top international experts and the establishment of collaborations
with other companies and research institutes.
Bayer Innovation
Innovation topics outside of the subgroups core activities are investigated, evaluated and
developed into feasible new businesses for the Bayer Group by Bayer Innovation GmbH (big).
bigs goal is to incorporate Bayers core competencies in the fields of health care,
nutrition and materials into projects that complement the companys business portfolio, and to
facilitate access to new growth markets.
One example of this is the manufacture of plant-made pharmaceuticals (pmp). big is charged with
coordinating the Bayer Groups pmp activities. Through the acquisition in January 2006 of biotech
company Icon Genetics AG, big possesses a pmp technology platform that enables us to offer
market-oriented solutions for the biopharmaceutical business through magnicon®
technology. The full potential of this technology platform is being evaluated in close cooperation
with Bayer HealthCare, Bayer CropScience, Bayer MaterialScience, Bayer Technology Services and
external partners.
|
|
|
|
|
70 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Sustainable Development
We steer the sustainable alignment of the Bayer Group on the basis of our mission statement,
values and leadership principles. Our existing committees for sustainable development and for
health, safety and environmental issues continued their work in 2006, developing a Group-wide
Sustainable Development Policy that is enacted through corporate directives and positions, our
voluntary commitments and our sustainable development performance management system. It applies in
all countries and regions of the world in which Bayer is present. The subgroups and service
companies are charged with implementing this policy on a day-to-day basis.
Our performance management efforts are brought together in the Sustainable Development Program
2006+, which combines the objectives of the subgroups and service companies and is divided into
several fields of activity, including Innovation, Product Stewardship, Excellence in Corporate
Management, Social Responsibility and Responsibility for the Environment. Within these fields,
specific measures are assigned to each goal to ensure that they are realized on schedule.
During the reporting period, we matched or further improved most of the key performance
indicators. There was an increase in environmental and transportation incidents. These incidents
have been analyzed and evaluated, and the resulting measures are currently being implemented or
planned.
We once again adjusted to changing conditions and new requirements in 2006.
For example, we made the necessary preparations for the inclusion of Schering AGs sites in the
collection and evaluation of environmental and safety data for 2006.
We also further improved our reporting. Our Sustainable Development Report, which now appears
annually, was published largely on the basis of the Global Reporting Initiative (gri)
guidelines, receiving the German Environmental Reporting Award
2006 (dura) from the German
Chamber of Certified Accountants. The Sustainable Development Report 2006 is scheduled to appear
in May 2007. In 2006 we continued our commitment as an Organizational Stakeholder of the gri,
which was established by the United Nations. Since January 2007 a Bayer representative has been a
member of the gris Stakeholder Council, which decides on the initiatives strategy and
policy.
We renewed our commitment to the global Responsible Care initiative of the chemical industry with
the signing by our Management Board Chairman of the Responsible Care Global Charter of the
International Council of Chemical Associations (icca) in
January 2006. Our revised Position on
Responsible Care has been confirmed by our subgroups and service companies.
It is important to us to participate in the shaping of framework conditions. Bayer is keenly
involved in both national and international debates on environmental and consumer protection
strategies and regulations. With our commitment to product stewardship, we also support the goals
of the e.u. chemicals policy (reach) to ensure the safety of everyone who comes into contact with
our products throughout their life cycle, as well as to further improve consumer safety and
environmental protection. That is why we participated constructively
in the revision of the e.u.
chemicals policy with our own proposals for balancing environmental protection and consumer
protection with competitiveness. We also initiated a process aimed at preparing our company for
reach.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 71 |
Sustainable Development
We endorse the goals of the e.u. strategy for improving health and the environment (scale),
which focuses particularly on childrens health. However, it is essential that all relevant
influencing factors, and especially genuine health problems, be taken into account. The scientific
assessment of risks must remain the basis for decision-making, and existing regulations should be
kept in mind.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Category |
|
|
|
Key Performance Indicator |
|
2005
1 |
|
20061,2 |
Health,
Safety and Environment
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Health and Safety |
|
|
|
Industrial injuries to Bayer employees resulting
in at least one days absence
(number of injuries per million hours worked)
|
|
|
2.7 |
|
|
|
2.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Reportable industrial injuries to Bayer employees
(number of injuries per million hours worked)
|
|
|
4.0
|
|
|
|
4.3
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Major environmental incidents
|
|
|
2 |
|
|
|
8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Transportation incidents
|
|
|
3 |
|
|
|
9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Emissions and waste |
|
|
|
Greenhouse gases,
CO2 equivalents
(million metric tons/year)
|
|
|
3.8 |
|
|
|
3.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Volatile organic compounds (VOC)
(thousand metric tons/year)
|
|
|
3.4 |
|
|
|
2.9 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total phosphorus in waste water
(thousand metric tons/year)
|
|
|
0.7 |
|
|
|
0.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total nitrogen in waste water (thousand metric tons/year)
|
|
|
0.6 |
|
|
|
0.7 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Total organic carbon (TOC) (thousand metric tons/year)
|
|
|
1.5 |
|
|
|
1.5 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hazardous waste generated (million metric tons/year)
|
|
|
0.4 |
|
|
|
0.3 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Hazardous waste landfilled (million metric tons/year)
|
|
|
0.2 |
|
|
|
0.1 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Use of resources |
|
|
|
Water use (million m3/day)
|
|
|
1.2 |
|
|
|
1.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Energy use (petajoules [1015 joules]/year)
|
|
|
82 |
|
|
|
91 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Employees and Society
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Diversity and opportunity |
|
|
|
Percentage of women in Bayer Group
senior management 3
|
|
|
3.9 |
|
|
|
3.8 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Number of nationalities in Bayer Group
senior management 3
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
17 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Training and development |
|
|
|
Training costs in percent of personnel expenses
|
|
|
2.3 |
|
|
|
2.2 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Employment |
|
|
|
Number of employees by region as of December 31
(permanent and temporary)
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Europe
|
|
|
45,700 |
|
|
|
57,800 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
North America
|
|
|
13,100 |
|
|
|
17,200 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Asia/Pacific
|
|
|
13,200 |
|
|
|
17,300 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Latin America/Africa/Middle East
|
|
|
10,600 |
|
|
|
13,700 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 figures restated |
|
1 |
|
excluding H.C. Starck, Wolff Walsrode and the Diagnostics Division |
|
2 |
|
including Schering AG as of June 23, 2006 |
|
3 |
|
At year end 2006 no former Schering employees had yet been named to the Bayer Group
Leadership Circle. |
Biotechnology and nanotechnology offer enormous potential for essential products and
applications in the areas of health care, nutrition and environmental protection. For example,
biotechnology opens up new options for the efficient and targeted manufacture of renewable raw
materials. The statements contained in our Position on Responsible Care also apply to the use of
biotechnology and nanotechnology at Bayer. This means in particular that safety and environmental
protection have the same standing as quality and cost-effectiveness. In the field of
nanotechnology, we are involved in the Nanocare and tracer safety research projects of the
German Ministry of Education and Research.
|
|
|
|
|
72 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Working for climate protection
Climate change is a major global challenge. Bayer is facing up to this challenge and intensifying
its efforts to improve its greenhouse gas emissions profile. In this context, we see various ways
to contribute to reducing carbon dioxide emissions. We support new technologies and research
projects that promote the development of biofuels and the use of biomass, for example, in
technical applications. In our own production operations we use innovative process technologies
that reduce direct carbon dioxide emissions, one example being the conversion of our chlorine
electrolysis plants from the amalgam to the modern membrane process. We offer products that
contribute to significantly reducing energy consumption, such as our polyurethanes used as thermal
insulation materials in buildings or refrigerators. Also of note is the technology transfer we
facilitate through direct investment in countries such as China. The application of ultra-modern
technologies there reduces greenhouse gas emissions in the country that is currently registering
the worlds fastest economic growth.
At the European level we advocate an emissions trading system that does justice both to the
interests of industry and the need to protect the Earths climate.
In the United States, Bayer Corporation is voluntarily taking part in the emissions trading
program of the Chicago Climate Exchange (ccx) and committed to reduce its greenhouse gas emissions
by one percent a year between 2003 and 2006. This goal was significantly exceeded and it is
planned to extend the commitment through 2010.
We represent our positions in numerous industry associations, initiatives and organizations that
work for sustainable and responsible development, such as the United Nations Global Compact
network, the World Business Council for Sustainable Development (wbcsd), the German sustainable
development forum econsense and the csr Alliance for the implementation of the e.u. sustainable
development strategy. We are also active in the business leadership initiative 3 c: Combat
Climate Change, as well as in the Climate Change Dialogue organized by globe International.
Sustainable investment
Bayer stock is included in various indices and investment funds that focus on companies with a
responsible corporate policy.
The companys shares have been included in the Dow Jones Sustainability Index World (djsi World)
continuously since it was established in 1999. Bayer stock has also been listed in the European
Dow Jones Sustainability Index stoxx (djsi stoxx) since its inception in 2001. Furthermore, our
shares been included in the benchmark sustainability indices of the
ftse4 Good series since it was
launched by the Financial Times and the London Stock Exchange in 2001. Analysts at the Storebrand
Principal Fund recently again rated Bayer as one of the top companies in its peer group, awarding
it the ranking Best in Class Environmental and Social Performance. In addition, our shares
were again listed in the French aspi Eurozone Index in 2006. As in 2005, Bayer was last year named
Best in Class as one of the worlds leading companies in the area of climate protection.
Consequently, the company is once again listed in the Climate Leadership Index the worlds first
climate protection index and was rated best in its industry sector. This was announced by the
investor group Carbon Disclosure Project (cdp) on September 18, 2006 in New York.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 73 |
Corporate Social Responsibility
Bayer again underscored its role as a good corporate citizen in 2006 with a number of
activities in the fields of education and research, environment and nature, health and social
needs, and sports and culture. We improved the content of these programs and expanded them to
include additional countries. We also launched various new initiatives.
Bayer und National Geographic, the worlds largest non-profit science organization, came together
in 2006 to commit 250,000 through the Global Exploration Fund in support of nine research
projects aimed at protecting drinking water. In field studies in all regions of the world,
scientists are undertaking water studies and investigating the recovery and treatment of water. In
connection with our Making Science Make Sense program, more than 1,200 Bayer employees in the
United States, the United Kingdom, Ireland, Japan and, since 2006, France are supporting
scientific education by regularly volunteering their time to help teach in elementary schools. The
various Bayer foundations assist both leading scientists and talented young researchers. In 2006
Professor Alois Fürstner from the Max Planck Institute for Carbon Research in Mülheim an der Ruhr,
Germany, received the Otto Bayer Prize for his outstanding achievements in the field of natural
substance synthesis. At the end of 2006, a total of 59 students and young people who have
completed vocational training programs and were gaining career experience outside Germany were
being supported by the Bayer foundations. We signed an agreement with Tongji University in
Shanghai to fund a Chair for Sustainable Development. According to the terms of the agreement,
Bayer will provide material and financial funding totaling
us$ 1 million for an initial period of
five years. To supplement the Endowed Chair, scholarships for outstanding students from both
industrial and developing nations and suitable projects are planned. The company has also agreed
to contribute its scientific and technical expertise to the teaching programs.
Bayer also supported the United Nations Environment Programme (unep) in the organization of a
global childrens environmental conference from August 26 to 30, 2006 in Putrajaya, Malaysia,
providing personnel, material and financial resources. Furthermore, the company provided funding
to help develop the structures for the United Nations global youth environmental activities
through the establishment of additional regional networks for young environmentalists in Asia and
the organization of the first ever youth environmental conferences in Latin America and Africa.
The Young Environmental Envoy Program, which in 2006 saw Bayer again invite about 50 young people
from Asia, Latin America, Africa and eastern Europe to attend a week-long study trip to Germany,
was expanded to include Malaysia and Vietnam increasing to 16 the number of participating
countries. The company spent a total of 1 million last year on activities organized in the
context of its partnership with unep, including a global childrens painting competition, a
photographic competition in eastern Europe and the publication of the environmental magazine
Tunza. At a news conference held in Leverkusen on March 20, 2006, Bayer and unep drew a positive
balance of the partnerships first two years.
In Colombia we launched the Ludoteca (play bus) project in 2006. Bayer employees tour the
country in a bus together with experts from the child protection organization Día del Niño (Day
of the Child), each month giving an average of 2,000 socially disadvantaged children what is
usually their only opportunity to play. The aim is to use play
|
|
|
|
|
74 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
as a means of teaching the children important physical, intellectual and social skills. In India,
too, we launched initiatives aimed at protecting children. Bayer CropScience works together with
Naandi Foundation in the fight against child labor and poverty. The two partners see educational
qualifications and vocational training as the key to improving the quality of life over the long
term. Bayer CropScience therefore particularly supports the reintegration into education of
children who have previously been employed in agriculture. On behalf of Bayer, Naandi Foundation
has set up several Creative Learning Centers in which about 700 children are now being prepared to
attend regular schools. Bayer CropScience also supports continuing education for teachers at the
state-run village schools and provides teaching materials for scientific curricula.
In 2006 we facilitated family planning options for many people in the worlds less affluent
regions by supplying contraceptive systems for sale at cost price. In cooperation with state and
social organizations worldwide, we provided about 60 million cycles of oral contraceptives and
roughly 10 million units of injectable contraceptives, as well as implants and intrauterine
systems, and organized accompanying information campaigns.
Last year again, Bayer provided rapid assistance to people in emergency situations. In May we made
available medicines, food, drinking water, clothing and financial support with a total value of
500,000 for victims of the earthquake on the Indonesian island of Java. Bayer HealthCare
donated shipments of its
Cipro®
antibiotic with a wholesale value of more than
us$ 25
million to the aid organization map (Medical Assistance Programs) International for distribution
to hospitals in the worlds poorest countries.
Bayer has been a main sponsor of the German Association for Disabled Sports (dbs) since 2000. In
2006 we extended this commitment for a further year.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 75 |
Compensation Report
The members of the Board of Management receive a fixed salary, composed of a base salary and a
fixed supplement. Additionally, remuneration in kind and other benefits, and variable compensation
are granted. The variable compensation comprises a variable bonus and the possible payments
resulting from participation in long-term stock-based compensation programs. Since 2005, the
variable bonus for a given year is tied to the attainment of the Group target based on ebitda. For
the year 2006, the variable bonus is calculated partly according to the Groups ebitda margin
before special items, and partly according to the average target attainment of the HealthCare,
CropScience and Material-Science subgroups. The latter is based mainly on the subgroups target
attainment measured by ebitda before special items as well as on a qualitative appraisal in
relation to the market and competitors.
The direct remuneration of members of the Board of Management in 2006 amounted to 8,143,822
(2005: 7,064,828), comprising 2,260,400 (2005: 1,985,580) in base salaries and
1,096,556 (2005: 837,073) in fixed supplements, 4,644,475 (2005: 4,085,754) in
variable bonuses plus 142,391 (2005: 156,421) of remuneration in kind and other benefits.
Remuneration in kind mainly consists of values assigned to certain benefits in kind in accordance
with German taxation guidelines, such as on the use of company cars.
Members of the Board of Management were permitted to participate in a cash-settlement-based stock
option program, offered through 2004, if they placed their personal investment in Bayer stocks in
a special deposit account. Under this previous program, a total of 25,290 instruments with a fair
value of 1,806,718 remained outstanding as of December 31, 2006.
Since 2005, the members of the Board of Management have participated in the long-term stock-based
compensation program Aspire i (2005 and 2006 tranches). Participation in this program is linked to
membership of a Group Leadership Circle, not to the contract of service as a member of the Board
of Management. Further details of this program are presented in Note [26.1] Stock-based
compensation.
The entitlements earned in 2006 relate to the 2006 parts of the respective three-year performance
periods of the long-term stock-based compensation programs granted in current and previous years.
The changes in the value of previously existing entitlements under long-term stock-based
compensation programs that were earned prior to 2006 are shown separately. They result from the
upward trend in the price of Bayer stock in 2006. Additionally, the fair value of the stock-based
compensation as of the grant date in 2006 is given separately.
The table below shows the remuneration components of those individual members of our Board of
Management who actively served in the course of 2006. In 2006, the remuneration of our chief
financial officer was raised to recognize the special tasks of this position.
|
|
|
|
|
76 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Remuneration of the members of the Board of Management
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Werner
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wolfgang
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wenning
|
|
|
Klaus Kühn
|
|
|
Udo Oels1
|
|
|
Plischke2
|
|
|
Richard Pott
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Base salary |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
748,872 |
|
|
|
412,236 |
|
|
|
343,526 |
|
|
|
343,530 |
|
|
|
412,236 |
|
|
|
2,260,400 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
748,872 |
|
|
|
412,236 |
|
|
|
412,236 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
412,236 |
|
|
|
1,985,580 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fixed supplement |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
325,132 |
|
|
|
316,366 |
|
|
|
142,205 |
|
|
|
142,206 |
|
|
|
170,647 |
|
|
|
1,096,556 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
325,132 |
|
|
|
170,647 |
|
|
|
170,647 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
170,647 |
|
|
|
837,073 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Variable bonus |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
1,525,086 |
|
|
|
1,034,615 |
|
|
|
567,335 |
|
|
|
689,745 |
|
|
|
827,694 |
|
|
|
4,644,475 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
1,554,615 |
|
|
|
843,713 |
|
|
|
843,713 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
843,713 |
|
|
|
4,085,754 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Remuneration in kind
and other benefits |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
47,926 |
|
|
|
35,571 |
|
|
|
9,594 |
|
|
|
18,163 |
|
|
|
31,137 |
|
|
|
142,391 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
40,169 |
|
|
|
35,266 |
|
|
|
41,942 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
39,044 |
|
|
|
156,421 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Directly effected
remuneration |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
2,647,016 |
|
|
|
1,798,788 |
|
|
|
1,062,660 |
|
|
|
1,193,644 |
|
|
|
1,441,714 |
|
|
|
8,143,822 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
2,668,788 |
|
|
|
1,461,862 |
|
|
|
1,468,538 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,465,640 |
|
|
|
7,064,828 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Stock-based compensation
entitlements earned in the
respective year |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
820,514 |
|
|
|
480,609 |
|
|
|
538,181 |
|
|
|
193,188 |
|
|
|
461,939 |
|
|
|
2,494,431 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
495,504 |
|
|
|
285,748 |
|
|
|
285,748 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
284,248 |
|
|
|
1,351,248 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Change in value of
existing entitlements |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
339,733 |
|
|
|
229,617 |
|
|
|
104,125 |
|
|
|
66,262 |
|
|
|
164,952 |
|
|
|
904,689 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
169,289 |
|
|
|
99,693 |
|
|
|
99,693 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
98,055 |
|
|
|
466,730 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
until April 28, 2006 |
|
2 |
|
effective March 1, 2006 |
The fair value of the stock-based compensation as of the grant dates for 2006 and 2005,
respectively, is shown in the following table. The entitlements earned in 2006 under the 2006 and
2005 stock-based compensation are included in the preceding table under stock-based compensation
entitlements earned in the respective year.
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Werner
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wolfgang
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wenning
|
|
|
Klaus Kühn
|
|
|
Udo Oels1
|
|
|
Plischke2
|
|
|
Richard Pott
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Fair value of newly
granted stock-based
compensation as of
grant date |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
268,113 |
|
|
|
181,886 |
|
|
|
40,419 |
|
|
|
117,597 |
|
|
|
145,509 |
|
|
|
753,524 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
253,636 |
|
|
|
137,652 |
|
|
|
137,652 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
137,652 |
|
|
|
666,592 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
until April 28, 2006 |
|
2 |
|
effective March 1, 2006 |
Pension provisions for the current members of the Board of Management amounted to
29,564,478 (2005: 32,218,996). Active members of the Board of Management are entitled to
receive a pension from the age of 60 in an annual amount equal to at least 30 percent of the last
yearly fixed salary. This percentage increases depending on years of service as a Board of
Management member and, according to the inception of the respective service contract, is capped
between 60 and 80 percent. We refer to the maximum such percentage a member of the Board of
Management can reach as his final target pension level.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 77 |
Compensation Report
We currently pay former and retired members of the Board of Management a monthly pension equal
to 80 percent of the last monthly base salary received while in service. The pensions paid to
former members of the Board of Management or their widows are normally reassessed every three
years and adjusted taking into account the development of consumer prices. These amounts are in
addition to any amounts they receive as a result of their participation in the Bayer pension plan
described below. The current service cost for pension entitlements of those individual members of
our Board of Management who actively served in the course of 2006 was as follows:
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Werner
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wolfgang
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Wenning
|
|
|
Klaus Kühn
|
|
|
Udo Oels1
|
|
|
Plischke2
|
|
|
Richard Pott
|
|
|
Total |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Current service cost for
pension entitlements
earned in the respective year |
|
|
2006 |
|
|
|
398,564 |
|
|
|
1,651,294 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1,644,517 |
|
|
|
233,284 |
|
|
|
3,927,659 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
2005 |
|
|
|
311,158 |
|
|
|
420,046 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
186,600 |
|
|
|
917,804 |
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
1 |
|
until April 28, 2006 |
|
2 |
|
effective March 1, 2006 |
For active Board of Management members a general severance indemnity clause, with the
following main elements applies:
If a member of the Board of Management is not offered a new service contract upon expiration of
his existing service contract because he is not reappointed to the Board of Management, or if the
member is removed from the Board of Management in the absence of grounds for termination without
notice, he will receive a monthly bridging allowance amounting to 80 percent of his last monthly
fixed salary for a period of 60 months from the date of expiration of his service contract less
the period for which the Board of Management member was released from his duties on full pay.
Special arrangements apply in the event of a change of control; for details see page 56 f.
Emoluments to retired members of the Board of Management and their surviving dependents amounted
to 10,924,768 (2005: 10,323,009). Pension provisions for former members of the Board of
Management and their surviving dependents amounted to 117,866,846 (2005: 115,972,457).
There were no loans to members of the Board of Management outstanding as of December 31, 2006, nor
any repayments of such loans during the year.
|
|
|
|
|
78 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Compensation of the Supervisory Board
The compensation of the Supervisory Board is based on the provisions of the Articles of
Incorporation, the current version of which was adopted by the stockholders at the Annual
Stockholders Meeting on April 29, 2005. This provides that, in addition to reimbursement of their
expenses, each member of the Supervisory Board receives fixed annual remuneration of 60,000
and a variable annual remuneration component. The variable remuneration component is based on
corporate performance in terms of the gross cash flow reported in the Group financial statements
for the fiscal year. The members of the Supervisory Board receive
2,000 for every
50,000,000 or part thereof by which the gross cash flow exceeds 3,100,000,000, but the
variable component for each member may not exceed 30,000. In accordance with the provisions of
the German Corporate Governance Code, additional remuneration is paid to the Chairman and Vice
Chairman of the Supervisory Board and for chairing and membership of committees. The Chairman of
the Supervisory Board receives three times the basic remuneration, while the Vice Chairman
receives one-and-a-half times the basic remuneration. Members of the Supervisory Board who are
also members of a committee receive an additional one quarter of the amount, with those chairing a
committee receiving a further quarter. However, no member of the Supervisory Board may receive
total remuneration exceeding three times the basic remuneration. If changes are made to the
Supervisory Board and its committees during the fiscal year, members receive remuneration on a
pro-rated basis. No remuneration or benefits were paid for personal services, in particular, the
provision of consultancy or intermediary services. The Company has purchased insurance for the
members of the Supervisory Board to cover their legal liability arising from their service on the
Supervisory Board.
In addition to their remuneration as members of the Supervisory Board, those employee
representatives who are employees of Bayer Group companies receive compensation unrelated to their
service on the Supervisory Board. The total amount of such compensation was 647,813.
There were no loans to members of the Supervisory Board outstanding as of December 31, 2006, nor
any repayments of such loans during the year.
The remuneration of the individual members of the Supervisory Board is shown in the table in the
Corporate Governance Report on page 16.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 79 |
Risk Report
Risk management
Business operations necessarily involve opportunities and risks. Effective risk management is
therefore a key factor in maintaining the companys value over the long term.
The management of opportunities and risks at Bayer is an integral part of the Group-wide corporate
governance system, not the task of one particular organizational unit. Key elements of the risk
management system are the planning and controlling process, Group regulations and the reporting
system. In regular conferences the companys results and its potential opportunities and risks are
discussed, and targets and necessary actions are agreed upon.
The Bayer Group implemented the requirements of section 404 of the Sarbanes-Oxley Act regarding
the system of internal controls. Please refer to the Corporate Governance report on page 14 ff.
for more information.
Corporate Auditing monitors the effectiveness of, and compliance with, the internal management and
control system. The effectiveness of the risk management system is audited at regular intervals.
In addition, within the year-end audit the external auditor issues an opinion on the risk
management system and briefs the Group Management Board and the Supervisory Board on the outcomes
of these evaluations. These outcomes are taken into account in the continuing enhancement of our
risk management system.
To counter risks arising from legal or other requirements, we make our decisions and engineer our
business processes on the basis of comprehensive legal advice provided both by our own experts and
by acknowledged external specialists.
We have purchased insurance coverage where it is available on economically acceptable terms in
order to minimize the financial impact of possible compensation claims. The level of this coverage
is continuously re-examined.
Overall business risks
Pharmaceutical product prices are subject to regulatory controls in many markets. Some governments
intervene directly in setting prices. In addition, in some markets major purchasers of
pharmaceutical products have the economic power to exert substantial pressure on prices. Price
controls limit the financial benefits of growth in the pharmaceutical segment and the introduction
of new products.
Sales of our crop protection products are particularly subject to weather conditions and
fluctuations in crop prices. In addition, the increasing use of plant biotechnology could reduce
market demand for some of our agrochemical products.
The performance of our MaterialScience subgroup is affected by cyclicality of the industries in
which they operate. Low periods in the business cycles are characterized by decreasing demand and
excess capacity, leading to price pressure and intense competition. This may result in volatile
operating margins across the business cycle and to operating losses in these businesses.
Expectations of growth, especially in Asian economies, encourage producers to increase their
production capacities. Future growth in demand may not be sufficient to absorb those capacity
additions without significant downward pressure on prices.
|
|
|
|
|
80 Management
Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
The early identification of economic trends or regulatory changes forms a particularly important
part of our business management. Our analyses of the global economy and forecasts of medium-term
economic development are documented in detail on a quarterly basis and used to support operational
business planning. For a summary forecast, see Future Perspectives Economic Outlook.
Product development risks
The Bayer Groups competitive positions, sales and earnings depend significantly on the
development of commercially viable new products and production technologies. We therefore devote
substantial resources to research and development. Because of the lengthy development processes,
technological challenges, regulatory requirements and intense competition, we cannot assure that
all of the products we are currently developing, or may begin to develop in the future, will
actually reach the market or achieve commercial success in a timely manner.
Our life science segments are subject to particularly strict regulatory regimes. Increasing
regulatory requirements, such as those governing clinical or (eco-) toxicological trials, may
increase product development costs and the time it takes to bring new products to market.
Adverse effects of our products that may be discovered after regulatory approval or registration
despite thorough prior testing may lead to a partial or complete withdrawal from the market, due
either to regulatory actions or our voluntary decision to stop marketing a product.
To ensure an efficient and effective use of resources, Bayer has implemented an organizational
structure and process organization comprising functional departments, working groups and reporting
structures to monitor internal research and development projects.
Patent risks
We are involved in lawsuits to enforce patent rights in our products. In particular, generic drug
manufacturers may seek marketing approval for pharmaceutical products currently under patent
protection by challenging the validity or enforceability of a patent. We may also be required to
defend ourselves against charges of infringement of patent or proprietary rights of third parties.
When one of our patents expires, or if a patent defense is unsuccessful, we are likely to face
increased competition from generic products entering the market.
To minimize the risk of infringement of our patents, our legal department regularly reviews the
patents situation in conjunction with the relevant functional departments and watches for
potential patent infringement attempts by other companies so that legal action can be taken if
necessary.
Procurement market risks
Our MaterialScience subgroup uses significant amounts of petrochemical raw materials and energy in
its manufacturing processes. The prices of raw materials and energy vary with market conditions
and may be highly volatile. There have been in the past, and may be in the future, periods during
which we are not able to pass along the full amounts of any cost increases to our customers.
We purchase strategic raw materials on the basis of long-term contracts with multiple suppliers
wherever possible. Supply agreements are centrally negotiated to achieve more favorable prices and
supply terms for the Group as a whole.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer
Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 81 |
Risk Report
Operational risks
Production at some of our manufacturing facilities could be adversely affected by occurrences such
as technical failures or disruptions to raw material deliveries. In particular, our biological
products business employs complicated production processes that are more likely to experience
disruption. For this reason all production processes and material inputs are tested continuously
by the relevant functional departments.
The Bayer Group is increasingly dependent on information technology systems to support business
processes as well as internal and external communications. Despite all technical precautions, any
significant disruption of these systems may result in loss of data and/or impairment of production
and business processes.
From time to time, we acquire all or a portion of an established business and combine it with our
existing business units. Integration of existing and newly acquired businesses requires difficult
decisions, e.g. regarding staffing levels and reengineering of business processes, which are
critical for a successful integration of the acquired business and realization of planned
synergies. All such acquisitions are supported by integration teams.
Furthermore, in the European Union a new regulation on chemicals (Registration, Evaluation,
Authorization of Chemicals,
reach) was adopted in December 2006 that becomes effective in June
2007. It could trigger a significant increase in administration and in the testing and assessment
of all chemicals used, leading to increased costs and reduced operating margins for some product.
All subgroups launched
reach implementation projects to coordinate the implementation and
avoid/reduce disadvantages for the business.
Product and environmental risks
Bayers operations are subject to the operating risks associated with chemical manufacturing,
including risks relating to the packaging, storage and transportation of raw materials, products
and wastes. These operating risks have the potential to cause personal injury, property damage
and/or environmental contamination, and may result in the shutdown of affected facilities.
Furthermore, the possibility of accidental contamination of our crop protection products or the
presence of unintended trace amounts of genetically modified organisms in agricultural products
and/or foodstuffs cannot be completely excluded.
We address product and environmental risks by way of suitable quality assurance measures. An
integrated quality, health, environmental and safety management system ensures process stability.
In addition, we are committed to the international Responsible Care initiative of the chemical
industry and report regularly on our own safety and environmental management system.
Exchange rate risks
As a global enterprise, Bayer conducts a significant portion of its operations in foreign
currencies. We guard against exchange rate risks by financing our business in local currencies and
by hedging with derivative financial instruments that are employed solely for this purpose in line
with the respective risk assessments and relevant detailed guidelines. For explanations on the use
of derivative financial instruments, see Note [30] to the consolidated financial statements.
|
|
|
|
|
82 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer
Annual Report 2006 |
Risk to pension obligations from capital market developments
Plan assets to cover future pension obligations are comprised of equity, fixed-income instruments,
property and other assets. Declining capital returns can have a negative impact on the funding
status of our plans. Therefore, additional contributions to the plans could be necessary in order
to cover future pension obligations. Additionally, changes in demographic or biometric assumptions
(e.g. mortality rates) could also have a negative impact on the funding status. For further
details on underfunding of pensions and other post-retirement benefit obligations, see Note [25]
to the consolidated financial statements.
To minimize this risk we are increasingly offering defined-contribution pension plans to our
employees.
Legal risks
As a global company with a diverse business portfolio, the Bayer Group (including Bayer Schering
Pharma AG, which previously was named Schering AG) is exposed to numerous legal risks,
particularly in the areas of product liability, competition and antitrust law, patent disputes,
tax assessments, and environmental matters. The outcome of any current or future proceedings
cannot be predicted with certainty. It is therefore possible that legal or regulatory judgments
could give rise to expenses that are not covered, or not fully covered, by insurers compensation
payments and could significantly affect our revenues and earnings. (Please note that Bayer
Schering Pharma AG and Schering-Plough Corporation, New Jersey, are unaffiliated companies that
have been totally independent of each other for many years. The names Bayer Schering Pharma or
Schering as used in this Annual Report always refer to Bayer Schering Pharma, AG, Berlin,
Germany, or its predecessor, Schering AG, Berlin, Germany, respectively).
Legal proceedings currently considered to involve material risks are outlined below. The
litigation referred to does not necessarily represent an exhaustive list.
Lipobay/Baycol: As of February 12, 2007, the number of Lipobay/Baycol cases pending against
Bayer worldwide was approximately 1,870 (approximately 1,810 of them in the United States,
including several class actions). As of February 12, 2007, Bayer had settled 3,152 Lipobay/Baycol cases worldwide without acknowledging any liability and resulting in settlement payments of
approximately us$ 1,159 million. Bayer will continue to offer fair compensation to people who
experienced serious side effects while taking Lipobay/Baycol, on a voluntary basis and without
concession of liability. In the United States, five cases have been tried to date, all of which
were found in Bayers favor.
After more than five years of litigation we are currently aware of fewer than 20 pending cases in
the United States that in our opinion hold a potential for settlement, although we cannot rule out
the possibility that additional cases involving serious side effects from Lipobay/Baycol may
come to our attention. In addition, there could be further settlements of cases outside of the
United States.
In the fiscal year 2006, Bayer recorded a 35 million charge to the operating result in respect
of settlements already concluded or expected to be concluded and anticipated defense costs.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 83 |
Risk Report
Since the existing insurance coverage is exhausted, it is possible depending on the future
progress of the litigation that Bayer could face further payments that are not covered by the
accounting measures already taken. We will regularly review the possibility of further accounting
measures depending on the progress of the litigation.
A group of stockholders has filed a class-action lawsuit claiming damages against Bayer AG and
Bayer Corporation and two current and certain former managers. The suit alleges that Bayer
violated u.s. Securities Laws By Making Misleading Statements, Prior To The Withdrawal Of
Lipobay/Baycol From The Market, About The ProductS Commercial Prospects And, After Its
Withdrawal, About The Related Potential Financial Liability. In 2005 The Court Dismissed With
Prejudice The Claims Of Non-u.s. purchasers of Bayer AG stock on non-u.s. exchanges. Bayer
believes it has meritorious defenses and will defend itself vigorously.
Cipro®: 39 putative class action lawsuits, one individual lawsuit and one consumer
protection group lawsuit (which has been dismissed) against Bayer involving the medication
Cipro® have been filed since July 2000 in the United States. The plaintiffs are suing
Bayer and other companies also named as defendants, alleging that a settlement to end patent
litigation reached in 1997 between Bayer and Barr Laboratories, Inc. violated antitrust
regulations. The plaintiffs claim the alleged violation prevented the marketing of generic
ciprofloxacin as of 1997. In particular, they are seeking triple damages under u.s. law. After the
settlement with Barr the patent was the subject of a successful
re-examination by the u.s. Patent
and Trademark Office and of successful defenses in u.s. federal courts. It has since expired.
All the actions pending in federal court were consolidated in federal district court in New York
in a multidistrict litigation (mdl) proceeding. In 2005 the court had granted Bayers motion for
summary judgment and dismissed all of plaintiffs claims in the mdl proceeding. The plaintiffs are
appealing this decision. Further cases are pending before various state courts. Bayer believes
that it has meritorious defenses and intends to defend itself vigorously.
Rubber, polyester polyols, urethane:
Proceedings involving product lines of the former Rubber Business Group
A number of investigations and proceedings by the respective authorities in the u.s., Canada and
the e.u. concerning alleged anticompetitive conduct involving certain products in the rubber field
have been resolved, while others remain pending. In the United States, Bayer AG has paid fines in
two cases on the basis of agreements reached with the u.s. Department of Justice. In December
2005, the e.u. Commission imposed a fine of 58,9 million for antitrust violations in the area
of rubber chemicals. The respective amount was paid at the end of March 2006. In July and August
2006 the u.s. Department of Justice, the e.u. Commission and the ccb notified Bayer AG that they
had closed the respective epdm proceedings. In November 2006 the e.u. Commission closed the
proceeding related to br/esbr by imposing fines against several companies and granting full
amnesty to Bayer.
Numerous civil claims for damages including class actions are pending in the United States, and
proposed class proceedings in Canada, against Bayer AG and certain of its subsidiaries as well as
other companies. The lawsuits involve rubber chemicals, epdm, nbr and polychloroprene rubber (cr).
Bayer has reached agreement to settle the bulk of
|
|
|
|
|
84 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
the u.s. actions. The majority of these agreements have received court approval. These settlements
do not resolve all of the pending civil litigation with respect to the aforementioned products,
nor do they preclude the bringing of additional claims. However, as previously reported, Bayer has
settled the actions which management believes to be material. In addition, a putative class action
against Bayer AG and certain of its subsidiaries, as well as other companies, recently has been
filed alleging claims of anticompetitive activities involving two additional rubber products,
polybutadiene rubber
(br) and styrene butadi-ene rubber (sbr). Respective litigation in Europe is
likely.
Proceedings involving polyester polyols, urethanes and urethane chemicals
In Canada an investigation is pending against Bayer for alleged anticompetitive conduct relating
to adipic-based polyester polyols. In the United States, Bayer Corporation paid a fine on the
basis of an agreement reached with the u.s. Department of Justice in 2004.
A number of civil claims for damages including class actions have been filed in the United States
against Bayer involving allegations of unlawful collusion on prices for certain polyester polyol,
urethanes and urethane chemicals product lines. Similar actions are pending in Canada with respect
to polyester polyols.
Bayer has reached agreements or agreements in principle to settle certain of the u.s. actions.
These agreements or agreements in principle partly remain subject to court approval. These
settlements do not resolve all of the pending civil litigations with respect to the aforementioned
products, nor do they preclude the bringing of additional claims.
Proceedings involving polyether polyols and other precursors for urethane end-use products
Bayer has been named as a defendant in multiple putative class action lawsuits in the United
States and Canada involving allegations of price fixing for, inter alia, polyether polyols and
certain other precursors for urethane end-use products. In the United States Bayer has settled
with a class of direct purchasers of polyether polyols, mdi and tdi (and related systems)
representing approximately 75 percent of the direct purchasers, which settlement has been approved
by the court. The remaining direct purchasers opted out of this settlement and have the right to
bring their own actions. To date no such actions have been brought. In Canada, the class action
lawsuit on behalf of direct and indirect purchasers of polyether polyols, mdi and tdi (and related
systems) continues. In February 2006 Bayer was served with a subpoena from the u.s. Department of
Justice seeking information relating to the manufacture and sale of this product.
Impact of these antitrust proceedings on Bayer
Excluding the portion allocated to lanxess, the provisions with respect to the described civil
proceedings were reduced from 285 million in 2005 to 129 million as of December 31, 2006,
due to settlement payments.
Bayer will continue to pursue settlements that in its view are warranted. In cases where
settlement is not achievable, Bayer will continue to defend itself vigorously.
The financial risk associated with the proceedings described above, beyond the amounts already
paid and the financial provisions already established, is currently not quantifiable due to the
considerable uncertainty associated with these proceedings. Consequently, no provisions other than
those described above have been established. The company expects that, in the course of the
regulatory proceedings and civil damages suits, additional charges, which are currently not
quantifiable, will become necessary.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 85 |
Risk Report
Proceedings involving genetically modified rice
Since August 2006, Bayer CropScience lp is party to multiple lawsuits, including putative class
actions, filed in u.s. federal and state courts by rice farmers and resellers. Plaintiffs allege
that they have suffered economic losses after traces of the genetically modified rice event llrice
601 were identified in samples of conventional long-grain rice grown in the u.s. This is alleged
to have led to various commercial damages, including a decline in the commodity price for
long-grain rice, costs associated with restrictions on imports and exports, and costs to secure
alternative supplies. All the actions pending in federal court were consolidated in December in
federal district court in Missouri in a multidistrict litigation (mdl) proceeding.
After technological development, llrice 601 had been further tested in cooperation with third
parties, including a breeding research institute in the u.s. However, it was never selected for
commercialization. The u.s. Department of Agriculture and the u.s. Food and Drug Administration
have stated that llrice 601 does not pose a health risk and is safe for use in food and feed and
for the environment. In November 2006, the usda advised that it had deregulated llrice 601. The
usda is conducting an investigation in an effort to determine how llrice 601 became present in
commercial rice grown in the United States.
Bayer believes it has meritorious defenses and intends to continue to defend itself vigorously.
Due to the considerable uncertainty associated with these proceedings, it is currently not
possible to estimate potential liability.
Proceedings involving oral contraceptives
Yasmin®: In April 2005, Bayer Schering Pharma filed an anda iv suit against Barr
Pharmaceuticals Inc. and Barr Laboratories Inc. in u.s. federal court alleging patent infringement
by Barr for the intended generic version of Bayer Schering Pharmas Yasmin® oral
contraceptive product in the United States. In June 2005 Barr filed its counterclaim seeking to
invalidate Bayer Schering Pharmas patent. This lawsuit is currently in the discovery phase.
yaz®: In January 2007, Bayer Schering Pharma received notice from Barr Laboratories,
Inc. that it has filed an anda iv application with the u.s. fda seeking approval of a generic
version of Bayer Schering Pharmas yaz® oral contraceptive product. Barr will be
prohibited from marketing its generic version until after expiry in March 2009 of the exclusivity
period for marketing granted by fda.
Bayer highly values its Yasmin® and yaz® oral contraceptive products and is
deeply committed to continuing its leadership position in oral contraception.
Proceedings involving propylene oxide
In May 2006 a u.s. arbitration panel issued a final award in favor of Lyondell Chemical Co. in
respect of a dispute with Bayer over interpretation of their Joint Venture Agreement for the
manufacture of propylene oxide. Bayer is seeking to vacate the final award, while Lyondell is
seeking to confirm the award as well as obtain pre-award interest. Bayer has established
appropriate provisions in this regard.
In addition to seeking to vacate the final award, in January 2007 Bayer filed suit against
Lyondell in a u.s. court of justice seeking equitable reformation of an agreement and restitution
of certain monies paid or, as a result of the final award, allegedly owing by Bayer to Lyondell in
connection with the panel award.
|
|
|
|
|
86 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Bayer has
separately notified Lyondell of its claim in connection with Lyondells affiliate to
compensate Bayer for using certain quantities of propylene oxide from Bayers share of capacity
under the Joint Venture. This dispute is proceeding to binding arbitration.
Proceedings involving syringe injectors and related products
In November 1998, Liebel-Flarsheim Company and its parent, Mallinckrodt, Inc., filed suit against
Bayer Schering Pharma AGs Medrad subsidiary alleging that some of Medrads front load syringe
injections infringe four patents held by Liebel-Flarsheim. In October 2005, the court ruled in
favor of Medrad. The ruling stated that the Medrad products would have infringed the patents of
Liebel-Flarsheim if those patents were valid, but then held all four of those patents to be
invalid. Each party is appealing the material portions of the ruling unfavorable to it. In
September 2004 Liebel-Flarsheim Company and its parent, Mallinckrodt, Inc., filed a second suit
alleging that a further product of Medrad infringes the same group of four patents. Based on the
October 2005 decision in the first case the court also dismissed this case in October 2005, but
again each party appealed the material portions of the ruling unfavorable to it.
The plaintiffs in these cases have also filed two additional declaratory judgment actions against
Medrad. Medrad separately has brought suit against Liebel-Flarsheim alleging that a
Liebel-Flarsheim mr syringe injector infringes a patent held by Medrad.
Bayer believes it has meritorious arguments in all proceedings and intends to defend itself
vigorously against any claim raised.
Patent and contractual disputes:
In the u.s. Abbott has commenced a lawsuit against Bayer and another party alleging infringement
of two of Abbotts patents relating to blood glucose monitoring devices. This also relates to
Ascensia® Contour® Systems which are supplied by a Japanese manufacturer.
The manufacturer is contractually obligated to indemnify Bayer against the potential liability
with respect to this claim, as well as defense costs, and management expects Bayer to be
reimbursed for a substantial portion of all such costs and liability, if any.
Limagrain Genetics Corporation has filed suit against Bayer as legal successor to Rhône-Poulenc
for indemnity against liabilities to third parties arising from breach of contract.
In another dispute, Bayer has filed suit against several companies in the u.s. alleging patent
infringement in connection with moxifloxacin. These companies are defending the action, claiming,
among other things, that the patents are invalid and not enforceable.
Bayer believes it has meritorious defenses in these patent and contractual disputes and will
defend itself vigorously.
Product liability and other litigation:
Legal risks also arise from product liability lawsuits other than those concerning Lipobay/
Baycol. Numerous actions are pending against Bayer seeking damages for plaintiffs resident outside
of the United States who claim to have been become infected with hiv or hcy (hepatitis c virus)
through blood plasma products. Further actions have been filed by u.s. residents who claim to have
become infected with hcv.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 87 |
Risk Report
Bayer, together with other manufacturers, wholesalers and users, is a defendant in Alabama,
United States, in cases seeking damages, including one u.s.-wide putative class action, for
personal injuries alleging health damages through exposure to diphenylmethane diisocyanate (mdi)
used in coal mines.
Bayer, like a number of other pharmaceutical companies in the United States, has several lawsuits
pending against it in which plaintiffs, including states, are seeking damages, punitive damages
and/or disgorgement of profits, alleging manipulation in the reporting of wholesale prices and/or
best prices.
The shareholder resolution on the domination and profit and loss transfer agreement between Bayer
Schering Pharma AG and Bayer Schering GmbH passed at the Extraordinary Stockholders Meeting held
on September 13, 2006 is subject to legal challenges. Dissenting stockholders are seeking to have
the stockholder resolution set aside or to have it declared null and void. Several stockholders
have indicated proceedings asking the court to review the adequacy of the costs compensation (Abfindung) and of the guaranteed dividend (Ausgleich). Bayer Schering GmbH has commenced special
proceedings (Freigabeverfahren) to obtain a judgment that the stockholder actions do not prevent
registration of the domination and profit and loss transfer agreement and that any defects of the
stockholder resolution do not affect the validity of the registration. One stockholder has brought
a suit in Berlin, Germany, seeking to have registration of the agreement in the Commercial
Register removed (Amtslöschungsverfahren).
A further risk may arise from asbestos litigation in the United States. In the majority of these
cases, the plaintiffs allege that Bayer and co-defendants employed third parties on their sites in
past decades without providing them with sufficient warnings or protection against the known
dangers of asbestos. One Bayer affiliate in the United States is the legal successor to companies
that sold asbestos products until 1976. Should liability be established, Union Carbide has to
completely indemnify Bayer.
Bayer, among others, is named as a defendant in a putative nationwide class action pending in
federal court in North Carolina, United States, which alleges violations of antitrust laws in the
marketing of a certain pest control product (Premise®).
Bayer believes it has meritorious defenses in these product liability and other proceedings and
will defend itself vigorously.
Liability considerations following the lanxess spin-off
The liability situation following the spin-off of the lanxess subgroup is governed by both
statutory and contractual provisions. Under the German Transformation Act, all entities that are
parties to a spin-off are jointly and severally liable for obligations of the transferor entity
that are established prior to the spin-off date. Bayer AG and lanxess AG are thus jointly and
severally liable for a time period of 5 years for all obligations of Bayer AG that existed on
January 28, 2005.
Assessment of the overall risk situation
Compared to the previous year, the overall risk situation did not change significantly in the
reporting period. The overall risk assessment is based on a consolidated view of all significant
individual risks. At present, no indications of potential individual or aggregated risks have been
identified that individually or in combination could endanger the continued existence of the
company.
|
|
|
|
|
88 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Subsequent Events
The divestment of Bayers diagnostics business to Siemens for 4.3 billion, which was
agreed in June 2006, was completed in January 2007. This amount exceeds the purchase price of
4.2 billion announced in July 2006, mainly because of the transfer of higher working capital.
After taxes the divestiture proceeds amounted to about 3.6 billion, which was used to reduce
our financial debt.
The Extraordinary Stockholders Meeting of Bayer Schering Pharma AG resolved on January 17, 2007,
to effect a squeeze-out of the remaining minority stockholders. 99.62 percent of the votes cast
were in favor of the resolution. The decision means the shares still held by minority stockholders
will be transferred to the main stockholder, Bayer Schering GmbH, a wholly owned subsidiary of
Bayer AG, in return for cash compensation of 98.98 per share. Unaffiliated dissenting
shareholders have brought court actions to have the shareholder resolution set aside or to have it
declared null and void.
We sold H.C. Starck to Advent International and The Carlyle Group. With the closing on February 1,
2007, the two financial investors take control of the Goslar, Germany-based producer of metal and
ceramic powders, specialty chemicals and components made from engineering ceramics and refractory
metals. The antitrust authorities in the United States and the European Union approved the agreed
divestiture on November 23, 2006. The transaction volume amounts to roughly 1.2 billion.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 89 |
Future Perspectives
Economic outlook and market opportunities in 2007
For 2007 we expect the global economy to grow at a rate that is considerably faster than the
long-term average, although the pace of growth will most likely slow down somewhat at a high
level. In our opinion, however, the economic slowdown in the United States will only have a
moderate effect on the global economy, as robust growth in other regions such as Europe and the
emerging economies of Asia and Latin America is expected to compensate for the weakness in the
United States. Although we anticipate that the global economy will maintain its current momentum,
risks could result from continuing imbalances in the world economy. It is also very difficult to
predict the development of oil prices.
The economic indicators in the United States point to a decline in the pace of growth. We expect
the economy there to expand only at a rate comparable to that of the European Union, as growth is
likely to be increasingly checked by a more restrictive monetary policy. We anticipate that the
u.s. economy will regain momentum in the second half of the year following a temporary period of
weakness at the beginning of 2007. Nonetheless, we do see a risk that a progressing cooldown in
real estate price trends could have a stronger impact on domestic demand than expected.
In our opinion, the economic upswing in Europe will continue. The business climate indicators
point to ongoing robust growth in the euro zone, due particularly to the fact that the economy is
now being buoyed more strongly by domestic demand. Private consumption will most likely continue
to grow briskly if the labor market situation improves further. Investment activity should remain
strong thanks to stable corporate earnings and improvements in efficiency. We expect that the
robust economic growth worldwide will continue to sustain European exports. Despite these positive
signals, however, we are not overlooking the latent risk that the upswing in the euro zone could
lose momentum due to a more restrictive fiscal policy in some countries and growing appreciation
in the value of the euro. Furthermore, the stimulating effect of monetary policy is likely to
gradually abate. Last but not least, an unexpectedly strong downswing in the u.s. economy could
pose an increasing risk to growth in Europe.
We expect growth in Japan to be slightly lower compared to the previous year due to a less
expansive fiscal and monetary policy. Export growth is expected to weaken somewhat in view of the
anticipated economic downswing in Asia and the United States. Provided capacity utilization
remains high, capital spending should remain the driving force for economic expansion, with the
result that domestic demand will most likely gain in significance. Consumer demand should increase
palpably as a result of rising real wage levels. On balance, economic growth is expected to fall
just short of the pace seen in the past two years.
Many of the emerging economies in Asia are expected to be impacted to some extent by the slowdown
in u.s. imports. In view of the considerable pace of growth in these countries in recent years,
however, it is not believed that the temporary slowdown in exports will have a major effect on
economic expansion. We continue to regard the growth outlook as very positive, especially
considering that the economy will most likely be buoyed
|
|
|
|
|
90 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
by a sustained expansion of domestic demand. The Chinese economy, on the other hand, will probably
grow at a pace similar to that of the previous year. We anticipate that robust consumer demand and
strong gains in investment activity will more or less offset the expected decline in foreign
demand. However, surplus capacities in some economic sectors could pose risks to the Chinese
economy.
We expect economic development in Latin America to remain positive, although the pace of expansion
could decline slightly should raw material prices fall and export demand from the United States
decrease. Once again, there appear to be varying development trends in this region. Whereas the
Brazilian economy is expected to recover slightly, the upswing in Mexico is believed to have
peaked in 2006. However, there is concern about political events in some countries particularly
Venezuela and Bolivia which could jeopardize the regions development over the long term.
For 2007 we do not expect a major change in the performance of the pharmaceuticals market compared
to the prior year. In North America and Europe, specialties such as cancer drugs will spur further
growth. However, this will probably not be sufficient to ensure a sustained improvement in the
pace of growth in Europe due to planned governmental cost-containment measures. By contrast,
continued double-digit sales growth is anticipated in emerging markets such as South Korea,
Brazil, Turkey and Russia.
The global crop protection market is expected to expand slightly in 2007. We are optimistic about
the trend in this market because demand for plant-based raw materials such as corn, canola,
soybeans and cereals has increased sharply due to the drought-related poor harvest yields in 2006
and to strongly growing raw material requirements for bio-diesel and bioethanol production. As a
result, the agriculture industry is expected to need larger amounts of fertilizers and crop
protection products. In the future we anticipate growing demand for plants that can be used to
produce energy.
We again expect a positive trend across the MaterialScience market sectors in 2007, although the
extent of this trend will vary from region to region.
In the automotive sector, we are optimistic about a recovery in the United States in 2007, while
the downswing in western Europe and Japan will continue. As a considerable production increase is
expected in the other major countries and regions, however, this industry sector will most likely
perform robustly once again, albeit below the long-term trend.
In the construction industry, a downswing appears to be materializing for 2007 in the United
States. We anticipate a further decline in residential construction over the course of the year,
while non-residential construction should continue to increase. In our estimation, the remaining
regions of the world will post moderate to very positive growth rates as in the previous year.
A slight downswing is anticipated for the electrical and electronics sector in 2007, triggered by
stagnation in the United States. In connection with a continuing positive situation in the other
regions, satisfactory growth at a rate of double the expansion in the gross domestic product is
expected.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 91 |
Future Perspective
Business strategy
The Bayer Group is focusing on the fast-growing, innovation-driven health care, nutrition and
high-tech materials businesses in line with its mission statement: Bayer: Science For A Better
Life. By strategically aligning ourselves to these attractive markets and concentrating on our
core competencies, we are able to invest more intensively in growth areas and innovative
technologies. We aim to achieve leadership roles and expand our already strong market positions.
We will also press ahead with cost-containment and efficiency-improvement efforts in order to
further increase the companys value over the long term. For a detailed description of our
financial strategy, please consult the Liquidity and Capital Resources section on page 49 ff.
Bayer HealthCare
Bayer HealthCares goal is to match or exceed market growth in all divisions. Our biggest
HealthCare segment, Pharmaceuticals, comprises both Specialty Care and Primary Care activities. We
aim to position our Pharmaceuticals segment as a strong supplier of products for medical
specialists, while at the same time taking advantage of opportunities in the primary care
business. We also want to focus more closely on indications in which there is major potential for
improving diagnosis and therapy.
The takeover of Schering AG, Berlin, Germany, in 2006 and the establishment of Bayer Schering
Pharma AG were key steps in this direction. Our promising Specialty Care portfolio including
Kogenate® for hemophilia treatment and Nexavar® for therapy of renal cell
carcinoma was considerably expanded and strengthened by the addition of leading products in the fields of gynecology (Yasmin®), diagnostic imaging (Magnevist®) and the
treatment of multiple sclerosis (Betaferon®).
Our Primary Care business offers products for general practitioners. We are well represented in
the primary care market with our established brands Avalox®/Avelox®,
Levitra®, Adalat®, Glucobay® and
Ciprobay®/Cipro®. In the United States, our products are marketed through
the existing alliance with Schering-Plough. (Please note that Schering-Plough Corporation, New
Jersey, and the company acquired by Bayer in June 2006, i. e. Bayer Schering Pharma AG (formerly
named Schering AG), Berlin, Germany, are unaffiliated companies that have been totally
independent of each other for many years.) The purchase from GlaxoSmithKline of marketing rights
for the blood pressure medications Pritor® and PritorPlus® in certain
European countries further strengthens our Primary Care business.
Research and development is an important growth driver for our Pharmaceuticals business, which is
why this segment accounts for the biggest proportion of
r&d spending within the HealthCare
subgroup. Life cycle management, inlicensing and cooperation agreements remain important elements
of our strategy, as such business development activities supplement our own research efforts and
are designed to strengthen our portfolio.
Our Consumer Health segment is comprised of the Consumer Care, Diabetes Care and Animal Health
divisions.
The goal of our Consumer Care Division is to expand our leading position in the global
over-the-counter (otc) medicines market. Our strategy is primarily aimed at fully exhausting the
growth potential of our proven brands such as Alka-Seltzer®, Aspirin®,
Aleve®, Rennie®, One-A-Day®, Canesten® and
Bepanthen®. We are pursuing a clear course of
|
|
|
|
|
92 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
expansion in fast-growing regions such as eastern Europe and Asia/Pacific, and we aim to further
develop our business in new growth segments. We also intend to exploit external growth
opportunities through acquisitions and inlicensing. One example of this is the planned acquisition
of the otc cough and cold portfolio of the Chinese TopSun group, a transaction we expect to be
closed in 2007.
Our Diabetes Care Division aims to enhance its competitive position in the area of blood glucose
measurement and diabetes management. To this end, we are expanding our product range by developing
new measurement systems and test strips to facilitate even more user-friendly blood sugar
monitoring for diabetics. We also aim to expand our portfolio by investing in additional areas of
business. We intend to enhance our competitiveness by continuously improving our products, as well
as through cost-containment measures and the more efficient use of our resources. Our strategy
also includes supplementing our own strengths through strategic partnerships in specific fields of
expertise.
In the Animal Health Division we aim to achieve global leadership positions in the livestock and
companion animals markets and become a preferred supplier and partner. Our strategy is directed at
achieving organic growth by focusing on attractive countries and markets, as well as through the
successful life cycle management of existing core brands. Animal Health regularly evaluates
options for acquisitions or strategic alliances to supplement our existing product range.
Bayer CropScience
Our CropScience subgroup is active in a very dynamic and challenging market environment. As a
research-based company, we see good long-term perspectives for the agriculture sector. Over the
next ten years, we expect further market stimulation driven particularly by the introduction of
modern, innovative crop protection products and the growing trend toward the use of commercial
seed products. We believe that both the seed and crop protection markets can benefit from stronger
demand for agricultural products for use in biofuels.
As a leading innovation-driven supplier of products and integrated solutions, CropScience aims to
contribute to the production of high-quality food, feed and natural fiber products with its Crop
Protection, Environmental Science and BioScience business groups. We seek to develop mutually
beneficial, long-lasting and dependable partnerships with our customers and all other interest
groups. We manage our business responsibly in keeping with our commitment to sustainable
development and in order to achieve profitable long-term growth.
Innovation is the foundation for the further development of our enterprise. The introduction of
new active substances replaces older crop protection products and thus gives us the opportunity to
place innovative products with an improved performance spectrum and
higher
value-added on the
market. This is an important condition for achieving our profitability goals. Our strict cost
management makes a further significant contribution. Through our new cost structure initiative
which should be largely implemented by 2009 and our ongoing performance enhancement programs, we
aim to make Bayer Crop-Science even more efficient in all areas.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 93 |
Future Perspective
In the Crop Protection segment, Bayer CropScience aims to defend its leading market position
through a broad regional presence and a balanced portfolio of innovative and highly effective
insecticides, fungicides, herbicides and seed treatment products.
We endeavor to achieve this strategic goal by steadily improving our product mix. This includes
the continuous market launch of new products from our research and development pipeline,
successful life cycle management and the initiation of research in new growth fields.
The Environmental Science, BioScience segment completes the offering of Bayer Crop-Science with
products and solutions tailored to specific market needs. Environmental Science makes use of the
development and production capacities and the new active substance innovations of Crop Protection.
In terms of sales, Environmental Science is one of the worlds leading suppliers of
non-agricultural products based on crop protection active ingredients. Our strategy is to further
expand this position by developing and marketing high-quality products for private and
professional users and by offering tailor-made, customer-oriented innovations. BioScience benefits
from the customer base and biological expertise of Crop Protection, bringing to market new seeds
and products based on plant biotechnology and modern breeding methods. Through the combination of
seed, plant traits and crop protection products, we strive to offer farmers integrated solutions.
BioScience is internationally active in research, development and marketing. Its activities cover
three main areas. In the agricultural seed business we focus on our three core crops of cotton,
canola and rice. We help to improve the performance and quality of these crops using modern plant
breeding and innovative plant biotechnology-based solutions. Our New Business Ventures unit
develops novel uses for plants as the basis for producing materials for industrial and consumer
applications. In the vegetable seed business, our subsidiary Nunhems is a leading developer and
supplier of high-quality seeds. We are pursuing additional growth opportunities in all three areas
of BioScience.
Bayer MaterialScience
The Bayer MaterialScience subgroup aims to further expand its global market position. Here we are
relying in particular on our technological know-how, new applications for our products in the
Materials and Systems segments and the targeted expansion of our presence in the growth markets of
Asia.
We intend to further strengthen the world market position of our Materials segment by exploiting
the growth potential of our portfolio. Recently completed new capital expenditure projects in Asia
underscore our determination to expand our business activities in what is the worlds fastest
growing region. We continue to seek opportunities to strengthen our position in the Materials
segment, and we intend to enhance this segments performance by continuously improving our cost
structures and by increasing the efficiency of our research and development operations.
|
|
|
|
|
94 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
The commissioning of the first phase of our world-scale production facility in Asia will help
improve the cost efficiency of our Polycarbonates business unit
(pcs) and facilitate the use of
leading-edge technologies in this growth region. We aim to further expand our capacities in order
to meet the growing demand for polycarbonates. Furthermore, we intend to make available sufficient
resources for product and applications development in growth areas. In addition to our current
expansion course in China, we aim to constantly evaluate business potential in other regions with
a view to expanding our market coverage. We plan to strengthen our compounding business through
geographic expansion. In the case of semi-finished products such as polycarbonate sheet and film,
we are aiming to achieve a higher earnings margin and are therefore placing products with good
growth perspectives at the center of our strategy.
Thermoplastic
Polyurethanes (tpu) will continue to focus on high-margin, fast-growing products in
the future. Through this new alignment,
tpu aims to achieve and maintain a higher level of
profitability. With the acquisition of the Taiwan-based Ure-Tech Group, which is scheduled for
closing in the second quarter of 2007,
tpu hopes to capture additional market share in Asia.
We intend to further strengthen the world market position of our Systems segment by exploiting the
growth potential of our portfolio. Recently completed new capital expenditure projects in Asia
underscore our determination to expand our business activities in what is the worlds fastest
growing region. We continue to seek opportunities to strengthen our market position in the Systems
segment, and we intend to enhance this segments performance by continuously improving our cost
structures and by increasing the efficiency of our research and development operations.
The commissioning of the first phase of our world-scale production facility in Asia will help
improve the cost efficiency of our Polyurethanes business unit (pur) and facilitate the use of
leading-edge technologies in this growth region. We are focusing primarily on quality, as well as
on product and process innovation, in order to capture further market share in the fast-growing
Asian markets. We intend to cover increasing demand for mdi products through a further expansion
of our capacities. In some segments, portfolio management activities are planned to achieve a
shift toward higher value products and thus improved profitability.
The Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants business unit is seeking to defend its market position for Basic
and Modified Isocyanates (bmi). We intend to meet increasing demand in the growth regions through
the expansion of our production capacities. By concentrating more
closely on
high-margin products,
optimizing our portfolio and increasing the use of modern technologies, we aim to achieve higher
profitability in our resins activities.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Management Report 95 |
Future Perspective
Inorganic Basic Chemicals utilizes state-of-the-art technologies to produce raw materials such
as chlorine and sodium hydroxide for the Polyurethanes, Coatings, Adhesives, Sealants, and
Polycarbonates business units, as well as for external customers. In order to achieve the highest
possible level of cost efficiency and safeguard continuous supply, we are pursuing various
strategic options for the in-house production or external procurement of such raw materials,
depending on the specific circumstances at our production sites.
The New Business section identifies and evaluates market and technology trends for all
MaterialScience business units and converts business ideas into specific projects for the
development of new products and applications outside of the companys existing core business.
Bayer Group sales and earnings forecast
We further
improved the Bayer Groups earning power in 2006. With record highs for underlying ebit
and ebitda, an underlying ebitda margin of 19.3 percent (calculated on Group sales) and currency-
and portfolio-adjusted sales growth of 5.2 percent, we achieved our operational targets for 2006.
We are confident that by building on this foundation we can continue to enhance our operating
performance.
In 2007, we aim to boost Group sales by more than 10 percent. Adjusted for portfolio and currency
effects, business should expand by about 5 percent. We plan to increase underlying ebitda by more
than 10 percent as well, and also slightly improve our underlying ebitda margin.
We expect to incur special charges in the region of 650 million to 700 million for the
integration of Schering AG, and between 150 million and 200 million for the restructuring
project initiated at CropScience in summer 2006. Special charges for the Group as a whole are
likely to come in at between 900 million and 950 million, including some 200 million
in write-downs.
To safeguard growth, we are planning capital expenditures of 1.7 billion, including 1.6
billion for property, plant and equipment. We anticipate that depreciation and amortization will
total roughly 2.5 billion, with depreciation of property, plant and equipment accounting for
1.2 billion. We plan to spend 2.8 billion on research and development.
By 2009 we aim to achieve an underlying ebitda Margin of approximately 22 percent, provided the
market environment for our businesses remains positive and there is no major deviation from our
central planning assumptions, such as budgeted exchange rates. This would move Bayers
profitability into a new order of magnitude.
|
|
|
|
|
96 Management Report
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006 |
Subgroups sales and earnings forecasts
Bayer HealthCare
In 2007 we intend to grow with or faster than the market in all divisions and improve the
underlying ebitda margin toward 24 percent. We are also very confident about the performance of our
HealthCare business beyond 2007. We believe we can steadily improve the underlying ebitda margin
and have set a target of about 27 percent for 2009. Contributing to this will be business
expansion along with the synergies from the Schering AG integration.
Bayer CropScience
We currently predict a broadly favorable market environment for our CropScience business in 2007,
although it remains to be seen how market conditions will develop in the various regions.
We aim to strengthen our role as a leading innovator in chemical crop protection and thus to grow
slightly faster than the market. We aim to further improve our underlying ebitda margin from 21.1
percent in 2006 toward 22 percent, mainly with the help of cost-saving measures and with increased
contributions from our new products.
We plan to further improve the underlying ebitda margin through 2009 and believe we can achieve in
the region of 25 percent in a normal market environment.
Bayer MaterialScience
MaterialScience plans further volume increases in 2007. We predict a strong start to the new year,
with a first-quarter underlying ebitda margin significantly above the fourth quarter of 2006. For
2007 we expect to sustain a good, value-creating earnings level. Reliable longer-term forecasts
currently are not possible due to the high volatility of raw material prices.
With its enhanced business portfolio and competitive production structures, we believe
MaterialScience can create value even in a difficult market environment by earning an attractive
premium over its capital and asset reproduction costs. Under favorable economic conditions, we
plan to generate an underlying ebitda margin in excess of 18 percent.
|
|
|
|
|
Bayer Annual Report 2006
|
|
|
|
Consolidated Financial Statements 97 |
Consolidated Financial Statements
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
Consolidated Financial Statements |
|
|
|
|
|
|
Managements Statement of Responsibility for Financial Reporting |
|
|
98 |
|
|
Auditors Report |
|
|
99 |
|
|
Bayer Group Consolidated Statements of Income |
|
|
100 |
|
|
Bayer Group Consolidated Balance Sheets |
|
|
101 |
|
|
Bayer Group Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows |
|
|
102 |
|
|
Bayer Group Consolidated Statements of Recognized Income and Expense |
|
|
103 |
|
|
|
Notes to the Consolidated Financial Statements of the Bayer Group |
|
|
|
|
|
|
1. |
|
Key data by segment and region |
|
|
104 |
|
|
2. |
|
General information |
|
|
106 |
|
|
3. |
|
Effects of new accounting pronouncements |
|
|
107 |
|
|
4. |
|
Basic principles of the consolidated financial statements |
|
|
109 |
|
|
4.1 |
|
Scope of consolidation and
consolidation methods |
|
|
109 |
|
|
4.2 |
|
Foreign currency translation |
|
|
110 |
|
|
4.3 |
|
Basic recognition and valuation
principles |
|
|
110 |
|
|
4.4 |
|
Cash flow statement |
|
|
117 |
|
|
4.5 |
|
Procedure used in global
impairment testing and its impact |
|
|
118 |
|
|
5. |
|
Critical accounting policies |
|
|
119 |
|
|
6. |
|
Segment reporting |
|
|
129 |
|
|
7. |
|
Changes in the Bayer Group |
|
|
131 |
|
|
7.1 |
|
Scope of consolidation |
|
|
131 |
|
|
7.2 |
|
Business combinations and other
acquisitions, divestments and discontinued operations |
|
|
134 |
|
|
|
|
|
Notes to the Statements of Income |
|
|
|
|
|
8. |
|
Net sales |
|
|
142 |
|
|
9. |
|
Selling expenses |
|
|
142 |
|
|
10. |
|
Other operating income |
|
|
143 |
|
|
11. |
|
Other operating expenses |
|
|
143 |
|
|
12. |
|
Personnel expenses / employees |
|
|
144 |
|
|
13. |
|
Non-operating result |
|
|
144 |
|
|
13.1 |
|
Income (loss) from investments
in affiliated companies net |
|
|
145 |
|
|
13.2 |
|
Interest expense net |
|
|
145 |
|
|
13.3 |
|
Other non-operating expense
net |
|
|
145 |
|
|
14. |
|
Income taxes |
|
|
146 |
|
|
15. |
|
Income attributable to minority interest |
|
|
148 |
|
|
16. |
|
Earnings per share from continuing and discontinued operations |
|
|
149 |
|
|
|
|
|
Notes to the Balance Sheets |
|
|
|
|
|
17. |
|
Goodwill and other intangible assets |
|
|
150 |
|
|
18. |
|
Property, plant and equipment |
|
|
153 |
|
|
|