UNITED STATES
SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION
WASHINGTON, D.C. 20549
FORM 10-Q
x | QUARTERLY REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the quarterly period ended September 30, 2013
OR
¨ | TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934 |
For the transition period from to
Commission File Number: 000-51447
EXPEDIA, INC.
(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)
Delaware | 20-2705720 | |
(State or other jurisdiction of incorporation or organization) |
(I.R.S. Employer Identification No.) |
333 108th Avenue NE
Bellevue, WA 98004
(Address of principal executive office) (Zip Code)
(425) 679-7200
(Registrants telephone number, including area code)
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant has submitted electronically and posted on its corporate Web site, if any, every Interactive Data File required to be submitted and posted pursuant to Rule 405 of Regulation S-T during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to submit and post such files). Yes þ No ¨
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, a non-accelerated filer, or a smaller reporting company. See definitions of large accelerated filer, accelerated filer, and smaller reporting company in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check one):
Large accelerated filer | þ | Accelerated filer | ¨ | |||
Non-accelerated filer | ¨ (Do not check if a smaller reporting company) | Smaller reporting company | ¨ |
Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act). Yes ¨ No þ
The number of shares outstanding of each of the registrants classes of common stock as of October 18, 2013 was:
Common stock, $0.0001 par value per share |
117,552,898 shares | |||
Class B common stock, $0.0001 par value per share |
12,799,999 shares |
Form 10-Q
For the Quarter Ended September 30, 2013
Contents
Part I | Financial Information | |||||
Item 1 | Consolidated Financial Statements | |||||
2 | ||||||
3 | ||||||
Consolidated Balance Sheets as of September 30, 2013 (unaudited), and December 31, 2012 |
4 | |||||
5 | ||||||
6 | ||||||
Item 2 | Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations | 25 | ||||
Item 3 | Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures about Market Risk | 40 | ||||
Item 4 | Controls and Procedures | 41 | ||||
Part II | Other Information | |||||
Item 1 | Legal Proceedings | 42 | ||||
Item 1A | Risk Factors | 45 | ||||
Item 2 | Unregistered Sales of Equity Securities and Use of Proceeds | 46 | ||||
Item 6 | Exhibits | 47 | ||||
Signature | 48 |
Part I. Item 1. Consolidated Financial Statements
EXPEDIA, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS
(In thousands, except for per share data)
(Unaudited)
Three months
ended September 30, |
Nine months
ended September 30, |
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2013 | 2012 | 2013 | 2012 | |||||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | 1,401,860 | $ | 1,199,020 | $ | 3,619,244 | $ | 3,055,488 | ||||||||
Costs and expenses: |
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Cost of revenue (1) |
276,318 | 243,633 | 789,506 | 673,472 | ||||||||||||
Selling and marketing (1) (2) |
625,296 | 505,756 | 1,711,919 | 1,327,401 | ||||||||||||
Technology and content (1) |
143,816 | 125,617 | 422,781 | 350,554 | ||||||||||||
General and administrative (1) |
92,351 | 85,140 | 276,618 | 246,936 | ||||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets |
18,514 | 9,474 | 49,921 | 21,527 | ||||||||||||
Legal reserves, occupancy tax and other |
6,874 | 2,310 | 74,678 | 5,384 | ||||||||||||
Acquisition-related and other (1) |
| | 66,472 | | ||||||||||||
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Operating income |
238,691 | 227,090 | 227,349 | 430,214 | ||||||||||||
Other income (expense): |
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Interest income |
6,642 | 7,759 | 19,837 | 20,574 | ||||||||||||
Interest expense |
(21,966 | ) | (22,101 | ) | (65,343 | ) | (65,482 | ) | ||||||||
Other, net |
(11,287 | ) | (8,410 | ) | (1,611 | ) | (19,277 | ) | ||||||||
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Total other expense, net |
(26,611 | ) | (22,752 | ) | (47,117 | ) | (64,185 | ) | ||||||||
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Income from continuing operations before income taxes |
212,080 | 204,338 | 180,232 | 366,029 | ||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
(45,356 | ) | (36,150 | ) | (57,861 | ) | (70,145 | ) | ||||||||
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Income from continuing operations |
166,724 | 168,188 | 122,371 | 295,884 | ||||||||||||
Discontinued operations, net of taxes |
| 1,543 | | (22,346 | ) | |||||||||||
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Net income |
166,724 | 169,731 | 122,371 | 273,538 | ||||||||||||
Net (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests |
4,135 | 1,746 | 15,762 | (101 | ) | |||||||||||
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Net income attributable to Expedia, Inc. |
$ | 170,859 | $ | 171,477 | $ | 138,133 | $ | 273,437 | ||||||||
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Amounts attributable to Expedia, Inc.: |
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Income from continuing operations |
$ | 170,859 | $ | 169,934 | $ | 138,133 | $ | 295,783 | ||||||||
Discontinued operations, net of taxes |
| 1,543 | | (22,346 | ) | |||||||||||
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Net income |
$ | 170,859 | $ | 171,477 | $ | 138,133 | $ | 273,437 | ||||||||
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Earnings per share from continuing operations attributable to Expedia, Inc. available to common stockholders: |
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Basic |
$ | 1.25 | $ | 1.25 | $ | 1.01 | $ | 2.21 | ||||||||
Diluted |
1.22 | 1.20 | 0.98 | 2.12 | ||||||||||||
Earnings per share attributable to Expedia, Inc. available to common stockholders: |
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Basic |
$ | 1.25 | $ | 1.26 | $ | 1.01 | $ | 2.04 | ||||||||
Diluted |
1.22 | 1.21 | 0.98 | 1.96 | ||||||||||||
Shares used in computing earnings per share: |
||||||||||||||||
Basic |
136,380 | 135,968 | 136,381 | 133,919 | ||||||||||||
Diluted |
140,451 | 141,423 | 141,202 | 139,650 | ||||||||||||
Dividends declared per common share |
$ | 0.15 | $ | 0.13 | $ | 0.41 | $ | 0.31 | ||||||||
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(1) Includes stock-based compensation as follows: |
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Cost of revenue |
$ | 887 | $ | 781 | $ | 2,712 | $ | 2,503 | ||||||||
Selling and marketing |
3,943 | 2,881 | 11,857 | 10,574 | ||||||||||||
Technology and content |
5,372 | 3,957 | 15,459 | 12,115 | ||||||||||||
General and administrative |
7,837 | 7,719 | 22,532 | 23,718 | ||||||||||||
Acquisition-related and other |
| | 56,643 | | ||||||||||||
(2) Includes related party amounts as follows: |
$ | 56,162 | $ | 57,258 | $ | 171,286 | $ | 164,339 |
See accompanying notes.
2
EXPEDIA, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF COMPREHENSIVE INCOME (LOSS)
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
Three months
ended September 30, |
Nine months
ended September 30, |
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2013 | 2012 | 2013 | 2012 | |||||||||||||
Net income |
$ | 166,724 | $ | 169,731 | $ | 122,371 | $ | 273,538 | ||||||||
Other comprehensive income, net of tax |
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Currency translation adjustments |
25,874 | 14,910 | 12,843 | 3,535 | ||||||||||||
Unrealized gains (losses) on available for sale securities, net of taxes (1) |
349 | 465 | (1,224 | ) | 1,554 | |||||||||||
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Other comprehensive income |
26,223 | 15,375 | 11,619 | 5,089 | ||||||||||||
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Comprehensive income |
192,947 | 185,106 | 133,990 | 278,627 | ||||||||||||
Less: Comprehensive (income) loss attributable to noncontrolling interests |
3,715 | 548 | 13,310 | (424 | ) | |||||||||||
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Comprehensive income attributable to Expedia, Inc. |
$ | 196,662 | $ | 185,654 | $ | 147,300 | $ | 278,203 | ||||||||
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(1) | Net gains (losses) recognized and reclassified during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012 were immaterial. |
See accompanying notes.
3
EXPEDIA, INC.
(In thousands, except per share data)
September 30, 2013 |
December 31, 2012 |
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(Unaudited) | ||||||||
ASSETS | ||||||||
Current assets: |
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Cash and cash equivalents |
$ | 1,394,498 | $ | 1,293,161 | ||||
Restricted cash and cash equivalents |
18,883 | 21,475 | ||||||
Short-term investments |
417,921 | 644,982 | ||||||
Accounts receivable, net of allowance of $16,862 and $10,771 |
695,137 | 461,531 | ||||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
179,367 | 193,353 | ||||||
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Total current assets |
2,705,806 | 2,614,502 | ||||||
Property and equipment, net |
464,773 | 409,373 | ||||||
Long-term investments and other assets |
243,506 | 224,231 | ||||||
Intangible assets, net |
1,129,531 | 821,419 | ||||||
Goodwill |
3,657,994 | 3,015,670 | ||||||
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TOTAL ASSETS |
$ | 8,201,610 | $ | 7,085,195 | ||||
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LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY | ||||||||
Current liabilities: |
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Accounts payable, merchant |
$ | 1,209,642 | $ | 954,071 | ||||
Accounts payable, other |
335,063 | 283,029 | ||||||
Deferred merchant bookings |
1,652,079 | 1,128,231 | ||||||
Deferred revenue |
42,621 | 26,475 | ||||||
Accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
482,014 | 590,505 | ||||||
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Total current liabilities |
3,721,419 | 2,982,311 | ||||||
Long-term debt |
1,249,395 | 1,249,345 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes, net |
435,715 | 323,766 | ||||||
Other long-term liabilities |
132,109 | 126,912 | ||||||
Commitments and contingencies |
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Redeemable noncontrolling interests |
357,666 | 13,473 | ||||||
Stockholders equity: |
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Common stock $.0001 par value |
19 | 19 | ||||||
Authorized shares: 1,600,000 |
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Shares issued: 191,898 and 189,255 |
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Shares outstanding: 119,162 and 122,530 |
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Class B common stock $.0001 par value |
1 | 1 | ||||||
Authorized shares: 400,000 |
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Shares issued and outstanding: 12,800 and 12,800 |
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Additional paid-in capital |
5,788,786 | 5,675,075 | ||||||
Treasury stock Common stock, at cost |
(3,298,464 | ) | (2,952,790 | ) | ||||
Shares: 72,736 and 66,725 |
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Retained earnings (deficit) |
(303,935 | ) | (442,068 | ) | ||||
Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) |
9,189 | 22 | ||||||
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Total Expedia, Inc. stockholders equity |
2,195,596 | 2,280,259 | ||||||
Noncontrolling interest |
109,710 | 109,129 | ||||||
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Total stockholders equity |
2,305,306 | 2,389,388 | ||||||
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TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY |
$ | 8,201,610 | $ | 7,085,195 | ||||
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See accompanying notes.
4
EXPEDIA, INC.
CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS
(In thousands)
(Unaudited)
Nine months
ended September 30, |
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2013 | 2012 | |||||||
Operating activities: |
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Net income |
$ | 122,371 | $ | 273,538 | ||||
Less: Discontinued operations, net of tax |
| (22,346 | ) | |||||
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Net income from continuing operations |
122,371 | 295,884 | ||||||
Adjustments to reconcile net income from continuing operations to net cash provided by operating activities: |
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Depreciation of property and equipment, including internal-use software and website development |
152,970 | 116,854 | ||||||
Amortization of stock-based compensation |
109,203 | 48,910 | ||||||
Amortization of intangible assets |
49,921 | 21,527 | ||||||
Deferred income taxes |
2,863 | 16,219 | ||||||
Foreign exchange (gain) loss on cash, cash equivalents and short-term investments, net |
53,199 | (18,348 | ) | |||||
Realized (gain) loss on foreign currency forwards |
(40,228 | ) | 8,511 | |||||
Other |
8,772 | 17,495 | ||||||
Changes in operating assets and liabilities, net of effects from acquisitions: |
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Accounts receivable |
(210,118 | ) | (192,105 | ) | ||||
Prepaid expenses and other current assets |
(14,226 | ) | 1,253 | |||||
Accounts payable, merchant |
257,016 | 290,809 | ||||||
Accounts payable, other, accrued expenses and other current liabilities |
(81,044 | ) | 204,345 | |||||
Deferred merchant bookings |
547,988 | 634,764 | ||||||
Deferred revenue |
16,728 | 7,790 | ||||||
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Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations |
975,415 | 1,453,908 | ||||||
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Investing activities: |
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Capital expenditures, including internal-use software and website development |
(235,416 | ) | (176,980 | ) | ||||
Purchases of investments |
(1,139,157 | ) | (1,530,749 | ) | ||||
Sales and maturities of investments |
1,338,062 | 1,244,065 | ||||||
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired |
(540,489 | ) | (198,398 | ) | ||||
Net settlement of foreign currency forwards |
40,228 | (8,511 | ) | |||||
Other, net |
(177 | ) | (2,203 | ) | ||||
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Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations |
(536,949 | ) | (672,776 | ) | ||||
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Financing activities: |
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Purchases of treasury stock |
(355,689 | ) | (366,037 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from issuance of treasury stock |
25,273 | | ||||||
Payment of dividends to stockholders |
(56,080 | ) | (42,470 | ) | ||||
Proceeds from exercise of equity awards and employee stock purchase plan |
42,693 | 232,658 | ||||||
Excess tax benefit on equity awards |
33,368 | 28,433 | ||||||
Purchases of additional interests in controlled subsidiaries, net |
(14,923 | ) | (2,015 | ) | ||||
Other, net |
5,003 | (4,496 | ) | |||||
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Net cash used in financing activities from continuing operations |
(320,355 | ) | (153,927 | ) | ||||
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Net cash provided by continuing operations |
118,111 | 627,205 | ||||||
Net cash provided by (used in) discontinued operations |
13,637 | (7,607 | ) | |||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
(30,411 | ) | 5,996 | |||||
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Net increase in cash and cash equivalents |
101,337 | 625,594 | ||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
1,293,161 | 689,134 | ||||||
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Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
$ | 1,394,498 | $ | 1,314,728 | ||||
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Supplemental cash flow information |
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Cash paid for interest from continuing operations |
$ | 83,659 | $ | 85,255 | ||||
Income tax payments (refunds), net from continuing operations |
52,550 | (584 | ) |
See accompanying notes.
5
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements
September 30, 2013
(Unaudited)
Note 1 Basis of Presentation
Description of Business
Expedia, Inc. and its subsidiaries provide travel products and services to leisure and corporate travelers in the United States and abroad as well as various media and advertising offerings to travel and non-travel advertisers. These travel products and services are offered through a diversified portfolio of brands including: Expedia.com®, Hotels.com®, Hotwire.com, Expedia® Affiliate Network, Classic Vacations, Expedia Local Expert, Egencia, Expedia® CruiseShipCenters®, eLong, Inc. (eLong), Venere Net SpA (Venere) and trivago GmbH (trivago). In addition, many of these brands have related international points of sale. We refer to Expedia, Inc. and its subsidiaries collectively as Expedia, the Company, us, we and our in these consolidated financial statements.
TripAdvisor Spin-Off
On December 20, 2011, following the close of trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market, we completed the spin-off of TripAdvisor, Inc. (TripAdvisor), which consisted of the domestic and international operations previously associated with our TripAdvisor Media Group, to Expedia stockholders. We refer to this transaction as the spin-off. As a result of the spin-off, we were required to redeem the $400 million aggregate principal amount of 8.5% senior notes due 2016 (the 8.5% Notes), which were legally extinguished in the first quarter of 2012. Accordingly, the results of operations, financial condition and cash flows of TripAdvisor as related to the 8.5% Notes extinguishment have been presented as discontinued operations for all periods presented.
Basis of Presentation
These accompanying financial statements present our results of operations, financial position and cash flows on a consolidated basis. The unaudited consolidated financial statements include Expedia, Inc., our wholly-owned subsidiaries, and entities we control, or in which we have a variable interest and are the primary beneficiary of expected cash profits or losses. We have eliminated significant intercompany transactions and accounts.
We have prepared the accompanying unaudited consolidated financial statements in accordance with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States (GAAP) for interim financial reporting. We have included all adjustments necessary for a fair presentation of the results of the interim period. These adjustments consist of normal recurring items. Our interim unaudited consolidated financial statements are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for the full year. These interim unaudited consolidated financial statements should be read in conjunction with the audited consolidated financial statements and related notes included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, previously filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Accounting Estimates
We use estimates and assumptions in the preparation of our interim unaudited consolidated financial statements in accordance with GAAP. Our estimates and assumptions affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of our interim unaudited consolidated financial statements. These estimates and assumptions also affect the reported amount of net income or loss during any period. Our actual financial results could differ significantly from these estimates. The significant estimates underlying our interim unaudited consolidated financial statements include revenue recognition; recoverability of current and long-lived assets, intangible assets and goodwill; income and transactional taxes, such as potential settlements related to occupancy and excise taxes; loss contingencies; loyalty program liabilities; stock-based compensation and accounting for derivative instruments.
6
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Reclassifications
We have reclassified certain amounts related to our prior period results to conform to our current period presentation.
Seasonality
We generally experience seasonal fluctuations in the demand for our travel products and services. For example, traditional leisure travel bookings are generally the highest in the first three quarters as travelers plan and book their spring, summer and holiday travel. The number of bookings typically decreases in the fourth quarter. Because revenue in our merchant business is generally recognized when the travel takes place rather than when it is booked, revenue typically lags bookings by several weeks or longer. The seasonal revenue impact is exacerbated with respect to income by the more stable nature of our fixed costs. As a result, revenue and income are typically the lowest in the first quarter and highest in the third quarter.
Note 2 Summary of Significant Accounting Policies
Collaborative Arrangement
During the third quarter of 2013, we entered into an exclusive, long-term strategic marketing agreement with Travelocity, whereby Expedia will power the technology platforms for Travelocitys existing websites in the United States and Canada, while providing Travelocity access to our supply and customer services. Travelocity will focus its efforts on promoting its brand and marketing the broad offering of travel services and supply made available through the agreement. Travelocity will remain wholly-owned by Sabre Holdings Corporation (Sabre), and independent of Expedia, Inc. Under the terms of the agreement, Travelocity will be compensated through a performance-based marketing fee related to bookings powered by Expedia made through Travelocity-branded websites in the United States and Canada. We will account for the strategic marketing agreement under the applicable authoritative accounting guidance surrounding collaborative arrangements whereby Expedia is the principal party in the transaction with the customer. Revenue earned on the Travelocity websites will be recorded as a component of Expedias net revenue in accordance with our revenue recognition policies and the related marketing fee will be recorded as selling and marketing expense. No amounts will be received or recognized between the parties before launch. Both parties agreed to begin development and implementation immediately with an expected launch in the first half of 2014.
Expedia has a variable interest in Travelocity as determined in accordance with the applicable authoritative accounting guidance. We are not the primary beneficiary as we do not have power to direct the activities that most significantly impact Travelocitys economic performance, promoting its brand and marketing travel services. Our exposure to loss under this arrangement is primarily commercial in nature, the maximum of which cannot be quantified.
Note 3 Acquisitions and Dispositions
Business Acquisitions. On March 8, 2013, we completed the purchase of a 63% equity position (61.6% on a fully diluted basis) in trivago GmbH, a leading hotel metasearch company based in Germany. trivago was acquired due to the quality and strength of its product and brand and our belief that the company will continue to scale as it expands globally. In conjunction with the acquisition, we paid 434 million in cash, or approximately $564 million based on March 8, 2013 exchange rates, of which $554 million was paid to the shareholders of trivago and $10 million was used to settle a portion of an employee compensation plan. In addition, we agreed to issue 875,200 shares of Expedia, Inc. common stock to certain employee stockholders in five equal increments on or about each of the first through fifth anniversaries of the acquisition. The number of shares of Expedia common stock was calculated based on the aggregate value of 43 million using a thirty-day trailing average of closing trading prices and exchange rates prior to acquisition. Also in conjunction with the acquisition, we replaced certain employee stock-based awards of the acquiree, which related to pre-combination service, for an acquisition date fair value of $15 million.
7
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
As a result of the acquisition, we expensed $66 million to acquisition-related and other on the consolidated statements of operations during the nine months ended September 30, 2013, which included approximately $57 million in stock-based compensation related to the issuance of the 875,200 shares of common stock as the issuance was determined separate from the business combination and was not contingent upon any future service or other certain event except the passage of time as well as approximately $10 million for the amount paid to settle a portion of the employee compensation plan of trivago, which was considered separate from the business combination. Acquisition-related costs were expensed as incurred and were not significant.
The aggregate purchase price consideration was $570 million, which included the cash paid to shareholders of trivago of $554 million as well as $15 million for replaced employee stock-based awards of the acquiree. The purchase price was allocated to the fair value of assets acquired and liabilities assumed as follows, in thousands:
Goodwill |
$ | 635,652 | ||
Intangible assets with indefinite lives |
220,416 | |||
Intangible assets with definite lives(1) |
136,281 | |||
Net assets(2) |
16,848 | |||
Deferred tax liabilities |
(111,379 | ) | ||
Redeemable noncontrolling interest |
(343,984 | ) | ||
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Total |
$ | 553,834 | ||
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(1) | Acquired definite-lived intangible assets primarily consist of technology, partner relationship and non-compete agreement assets and have estimated useful lives of between 3 and 7 years with a weighted average life of 3.7 years. |
(2) | Includes cash acquired of $13 million. |
The value of the replaced employee stock-based awards of the acquiree was included in the purchase price allocation with a corresponding offset to redeemable noncontrolling interest, because the replacement awards were issued in subsidiary stock.
The goodwill of $636 million is primarily attributed to assembled workforce, operating synergies and potential expansion into other global markets. The goodwill has been allocated to the Leisure segment and is not expected to be deductible for tax purposes.
The fair value of the 37% noncontrolling interest was estimated to be $344 million at the time of acquisition based on the fair value per share, excluding the control premium which was paid to certain shareholders in order to obtain control. In addition, the purchase agreement contains certain put/call rights whereby we may acquire and the minority shareholders of trivago may sell to us 50% and 100% of the minority shares of the company at fair value during the first quarter of 2016 and 2018, respectively. As the noncontrolling interest is redeemable at the option of the minority holders, we classified the balance as redeemable noncontrolling interest with future changes in the fair value above the initial basis recorded as charges or credits to retained earnings (or additional paid-in capital in absence of retained earnings). The put/call arrangement includes certain rollover provisions that, if triggered, would cause the minority shares to be treated as though they become mandatorily redeemable, and to be reclassified as a liability at the time such trigger becomes certain to occur. For further information on redeemable noncontrolling interest, see Note 6, Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests.
Business combination accounting is preliminary and subject to revision while we accumulate all relevant information regarding the fair values of the net assets acquired, and any change to the fair value of net assets acquired would be expected to lead to a corresponding change to the amount of goodwill recorded on a retroactive basis.
Trivagos results of operations have been included in our consolidated results from the transaction closing date forward. Pro forma results of operations have not been presented as such pro forma financial information would not be materially different from historical results.
8
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Discontinued Operations. On December 20, 2011, we completed the spin-off of TripAdvisor, Inc. and, as a result of the spin-off, recorded to discontinued operations a loss in the first quarter of 2012 to extinguish our 8.5% Notes. See below for a full description of the extinguishment. Financial data for the discontinued operations for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012 was as follows, in thousands:
Three
months ended September 30, |
Nine
months ended September 30, |
|||||||
2012 | 2012 | |||||||
Revenue |
$ | | $ | | ||||
Loss before income taxes |
| (37,568 | ) | |||||
Provision for income taxes |
1,543 | 15,222 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Net income (loss) attributable to discontinued operations |
$ | 1,543 | $ | (22,346 | ) | |||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Earnings (loss) per share: |
||||||||
Basic |
$ | 0.01 | $ | (0.17 | ) | |||
Diluted |
0.01 | (0.16 | ) | |||||
Shares used in computing earnings (loss) per share: |
||||||||
Basic |
135,968 | 133,919 | ||||||
Diluted |
141,423 | 139,650 |
The indenture governing our $400 million aggregate principal amount of 8.5% Notes contained certain covenants that could have restricted implementation of the spin-off. On December 20, 2011, prior to consummation of the spin-off, we gave Notice of Redemption to the bondholders, the effect of which was the bonds became due and payable on the redemption date at the redemption price. The redemption date was defined as 30 days after the Notice of Redemption was given. The 8.5% Notes were fully redeemed on January 19, 2012, the redemption date, for approximately $450 million. In connection with the redemption, we incurred a pre-tax loss from early extinguishment of debt of approximately $38 million (or $24 million net of tax), which included an early redemption premium of $33 million and the write-off of $5 million of unamortized debt issuance and discount costs. This loss was recorded within discontinued operations in the first quarter of 2012, as that was the period in which the bonds were legally extinguished. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we received an income tax refund of $14 million related to the tax benefit for extinguishment, which was included within cash provided by discontinued operations in our consolidated statement of cash flows for the period.
9
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 4 Fair Value Measurements
Financial assets measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of September 30, 2013 are classified using the fair value hierarchy in the table below:
Total | Level 1 | Level 2 | ||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||
Cash equivalents: |
||||||||||||
Money market funds |
$ | 343,199 | $ | 343,199 | $ | | ||||||
Time deposits |
64,709 | | 64,709 | |||||||||
Restricted cash: |
||||||||||||
Time deposits |
10,031 | | 10,031 | |||||||||
Investments: |
||||||||||||
Time deposits |
332,499 | | 332,499 | |||||||||
Corporate debt securities |
212,240 | | 212,240 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total assets |
$ | 962,678 | $ | 343,199 | $ | 619,479 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Liabilities |
||||||||||||
Derivatives: |
||||||||||||
Foreign currency forward contracts |
$ | 2,365 | $ | | $ | 2,365 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
Financial assets and liabilities measured at fair value on a recurring basis as of December 31, 2012 are classified using the fair value hierarchy in the table below:
Total | Level 1 | Level 2 | ||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||
Assets |
||||||||||||
Cash equivalents: |
||||||||||||
Money market funds |
$ | 677,523 | $ | 677,523 | $ | | ||||||
Time deposits |
89,084 | | 89,084 | |||||||||
Restricted cash: |
||||||||||||
Time deposits |
9,855 | | 9,855 | |||||||||
Investments: |
||||||||||||
Time deposits |
525,533 | | 525,533 | |||||||||
Corporate debt securities |
245,477 | | 245,477 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Total assets |
$ | 1,547,472 | $ | 677,523 | $ | 869,949 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||
Liabilities |
||||||||||||
Derivatives: |
||||||||||||
Foreign currency forward contracts |
$ | 3,290 | $ | | $ | 3,290 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
We classify our cash equivalents and investments within Level 1 and Level 2 as we value our cash equivalents and investments using quoted market prices or alternative pricing sources and models utilizing market observable inputs. Valuation of the foreign currency forward contracts is based on foreign currency exchange rates in active markets, a Level 2 input.
As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, our cash and cash equivalents consisted primarily of prime institutional money market funds with maturities of 90 days or less, time deposits as well as bank account balances.
We invest in investment grade corporate debt securities all of which are classified as available for sale. As of September 30, 2013, we had $85 million of short-term and $127 million of long-term available for sale investments and the amortized cost basis of the investments approximated their fair value with gross unrealized gains and gross unrealized losses both of $1 million. As of December 31, 2012, we had $119 million of short-term and $126 million of long-term available for sale investments and the amortized cost basis of these investments approximated their fair value with gross unrealized gains of $2 million and gross unrealized losses of less than $1 million.
10
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
We also hold time deposit investments with financial institutions. Time deposits with original maturities of less than 90 days are classified as cash equivalents and those with remaining maturities of less than one year are classified as short-term investments. Additionally, we have time deposits classified as restricted cash to fulfill the requirement of an aviation authority of a certain foreign country to protect against the potential non-delivery of travel services in that country. Of the total time deposit investments, $267 million and $274 million as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 related to balances held by our majority-owned subsidiaries.
Derivative instruments are carried at fair value on our consolidated balance sheets. We use foreign currency forward contracts to economically hedge certain merchant revenue exposures and in lieu of holding certain foreign currency cash for the purpose of economically hedging our foreign currency-denominated operating liabilities. Our goal in managing our foreign exchange risk is to reduce, to the extent practicable, our potential exposure to the changes that exchange rates might have on our earnings, cash flows and financial position. Our foreign currency forward contracts are typically short-term and, as they do not qualify for hedge accounting treatment, we classify the changes in their fair value in other, net. As of September 30, 2013, we were party to outstanding forward contracts hedging our liability and revenue exposures with a total net notional value of $383 million. We had a net forward liability of $2 million and $3 million as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 recorded in accrued expenses and other current liabilities. We recorded $8 million and $22 million in net losses from foreign currency forward contracts during the three months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012, and $43 million in net gains and $18 million in net losses for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012.
Note 5 Debt
The following table sets forth our outstanding debt:
September 30, 2013 |
December 31, 2012 |
|||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||
7.456% senior notes due 2018 |
$ | 500,000 | $ | 500,000 | ||||
5.95% senior notes due 2020, net of discount |
749,395 | 749,345 | ||||||
|
|
|
|
|||||
Long-term debt |
$ | 1,249,395 | $ | 1,249,345 | ||||
|
|
|
|
Long-term Debt
Our $500 million in registered senior unsecured notes outstanding at September 30, 2013 are due in August 2018 and bear interest at 7.456% (the 7.456% Notes). Interest is payable semi-annually in February and August of each year. At any time Expedia may redeem the 7.456% Notes at a redemption price of 100% of the principal plus accrued interest, plus a make-whole premium, in whole or in part.
Our $750 million in registered senior unsecured notes outstanding at September 30, 2013 are due in August 2020 and bear interest at 5.95% (the 5.95% Notes). The 5.95% Notes were issued at 99.893% of par resulting in a discount, which is being amortized over their life. Interest is payable semi-annually in February and August of each year. We may redeem the 5.95% Notes at a redemption price of 100% of the principal plus accrued interest, plus a make-whole premium, in whole or in part.
The 7.456% and 5.95% Notes (collectively the Notes) are senior unsecured obligations guaranteed by certain domestic Expedia subsidiaries and rank equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated obligations. For further information, see Note 13 Guarantor and Non-Guarantor Supplemental Financial Information. In addition, the Notes include covenants that limit our ability to (i) create certain liens, (ii) enter into sale/leaseback transactions and (iii) merge or consolidate with or into another entity. Accrued interest related to the Notes was $10 million and $31 million as September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012.
11
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The approximate fair value of 7.456% Notes was $580 million and $598 million as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, and the approximate fair value of 5.95% Notes was $791 million and $832 million as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012. These fair values were based on quoted market prices in less active markets (Level 2 inputs).
Credit Facility
Expedia, Inc. maintains a $1 billion unsecured revolving credit facility with a group of lenders, which is unconditionally guaranteed by certain domestic Expedia subsidiaries that are the same as under the Notes and expires in November 2017. As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, we had no revolving credit facility borrowings outstanding. The facility bears interest based on the Companys credit ratings, with drawn amounts bearing interest at LIBOR plus 150 basis points and the commitment fee on undrawn amounts at 20 basis points as of September 30, 2013. The facility contains covenants including maximum leverage and minimum interest coverage ratios.
The amount of stand-by letters of credit (LOC) issued under the facility reduces the credit amount available. As of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, there was $19 million and $25 million of outstanding stand-by LOCs issued under the facility.
Note 6 Redeemable Noncontrolling Interests
We have noncontrolling interests in majority owned entities, which are carried at fair market value as the noncontrolling interests contain certain rights, whereby we may acquire and the minority shareholders may sell to us the additional shares of the companies. A reconciliation of redeemable noncontrolling interest for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 is as follows:
Nine months ended September 30, |
||||
2013 | ||||
(in thousands) | ||||
Balance, beginning of the period |
$ | 13,473 | ||
Acquisition of redeemable noncontrolling interest |
343,984 | |||
Purchase of subsidiary shares at fair value |
(14,923 | ) | ||
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests |
(8,967 | ) | ||
Fair value adjustments |
22,181 | |||
Currency translation adjustments and other |
1,918 | |||
|
|
|||
Balance, end of period |
$ | 357,666 | ||
|
|
During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we acquired the remaining interest in a certain majority-owned subsidiary at fair value for approximately $15 million in cash. For information on redeemable noncontrolling interest acquired during the period, see Note 3, Acquisitions and Dispositions.
12
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 7 Stockholders Equity
Dividends on our Common Stock
The Executive Committee, acting on behalf of the Board of Directors, declared the following dividends during the periods presented:
Declaration Date |
Dividend Per Share |
Record Date | Total Amount (in thousands) |
Payment Date | ||||||||||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2013: |
||||||||||||||||
February 5, 2013 |
$ | 0.13 | March 11, 2013 | $ | 17,983 | March 28, 2013 | ||||||||||
April 24, 2013 |
0.13 | May 30, 2013 | 17,638 | June 19, 2013 | ||||||||||||
July 24, 2013 |
0.15 | August 28, 2013 | 20,459 | September 18, 2013 | ||||||||||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2012: |
||||||||||||||||
February 9, 2012 |
$ | 0.09 | March 12, 2012 | $ | 12,204 | March 30, 2012 | ||||||||||
April 25, 2012 |
0.09 | May 30, 2012 | 12,205 | June 19, 2012 | ||||||||||||
July 25, 2012 |
0.13 | August 28, 2012 | 18,061 | September 18, 2012 |
In addition, on October 28, 2013, the Executive Committee, acting on behalf of the Board of Directors, declared a quarterly cash dividend of $0.15 per share of outstanding common stock payable on December 12, 2013 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on November 21, 2013. Future declarations of dividends are subject to final determination by our Board of Directors.
Share Repurchases
In April 2012, the Executive Committee, acting on behalf of the Board of Directors, authorized a repurchase of up to 20 million outstanding shares of our common stock. There is no fixed termination date for the repurchases. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we repurchased, through open market transactions, 6.3 million shares under this authorization for a total cost of $348 million, excluding transaction costs, representing an average repurchase price of $55.01 per share. As of September 30, 2013, 11.7 million shares remain authorized for repurchase under the 2012 authorization. Subsequent to the end of the third quarter of 2013, we repurchased an additional 1.7 million shares for a total cost of $87 million, excluding transaction costs, representing an average purchase price of $52.06 per share.
Employee Stock Purchase Plan
During the first quarter of 2013, we announced our 2013 Employee Stock Purchase Plan (ESPP), which allows shares of our common stock to be purchased by eligible employees at three-month intervals at 85% of the fair market value of the stock on the last day of each three-month period. Eligible employees are allowed to contribute up to 10% of their base compensation. The first three-month exercise period began on June 1, 2013; the corresponding purchase for this exercise period took place on August 30, 2013 and approximately 37,000 shares were purchased for an average price of $39.75 per share. As of September 30, 2013, we have reserved approximately 1.5 million shares of our common stock for issuance under the ESPP.
13
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 8 Earnings Per Share
The following table presents our basic and diluted earnings per share:
Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | 2013 | 2012 | |||||||||||||
(In thousands, except per share data) | ||||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations attributable to Expedia, Inc. |
$ | 170,859 | $ | 169,934 | $ | 138,133 | $ | 295,783 | ||||||||
Earnings per share from continuing operations attributable to Expedia, Inc. available to common stockholders: |
||||||||||||||||
Basic |
$ | 1.25 | $ | 1.25 | $ | 1.01 | $ | 2.21 | ||||||||
Diluted |
1.22 | 1.20 | 0.98 | 2.12 | ||||||||||||
Weighted average number of shares outstanding: |
||||||||||||||||
Basic |
136,380 | 135,968 | 136,381 | 133,919 | ||||||||||||
Dilutive effect of: |
||||||||||||||||
Options to purchase common stock |
3,945 | 4,890 | 4,613 | 4,107 | ||||||||||||
Other dilutive securities |
126 | 565 | 208 | 1,624 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Diluted |
140,451 | 141,423 | 141,202 | 139,650 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
The earnings per share amounts are the same for common stock and Class B common stock because the holders of each class are legally entitled to equal per share distributions whether through dividends or in liquidation.
Note 9 Income Taxes
Uncertain Tax Positions
The Company is routinely under audit by federal, state, local and foreign income tax authorities. These audits include questioning the timing and the amount of income and deductions and the allocation of income and deductions among various tax jurisdictions. The Internal Revenue Service (IRS) has substantially completed its audit of IAC/InterActiveCorps (IAC) U.S. consolidated federal income tax returns for the years ended December 31, 2001 through 2005 when Expedia filed as part of the IAC consolidated group. The statute of limitations for the years 2001 through 2005 has been extended to June 30, 2014. The IRS is currently examining Expedias U.S. federal income tax returns for the periods ended December 31, 2009 through December 31, 2010.
The Company believes it is reasonably possible its liabilities related to uncertain tax positions could decrease by $29 million within twelve months of the current reporting date due to settlements, expirations of statutes of limitations, and the reversal of deductible temporary differences.
Note 10 Commitments and Contingencies
Exit Rights
In conjunction with our marketing agreement with Travelocity, we have agreed to certain put/call rights whereby we may acquire or Sabre may sell to us certain assets relating to the Travelocity business. The put right held by Sabre may be exercised during the first 24 months of the arrangement only upon the occurrence of certain triggering events primarily related to the implementation of the solution, which are outside the control of Sabre. The occurrence of such events is not considered probable. After the 24 month period, the put right is only exercisable for a limited period of time in 2016 at a discount to fair market value. The call right held by Expedia is exercisable at any time during the term of the arrangement, the value of which, if exercised, is not expected to exceed fair value.
14
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Legal Proceedings
In the ordinary course of business, we are a party to various lawsuits. Management does not expect these lawsuits to have a material impact on the liquidity, results of operations, or financial condition of Expedia. We also evaluate other potential contingent matters, including value-added tax, federal excise tax, transient occupancy or accommodation tax and similar matters. We do not believe that the aggregate amount of liability that could be reasonably possible with respect to these matters would have a material adverse effect on our financial results; however, litigation is inherently uncertain and the actual losses incurred in the event that our legal proceedings were to result in unfavorable outcomes could have a material adverse effect on our business and financial performance.
Litigation Relating to Hotel Occupancy Taxes. Eighty-six lawsuits have been filed by cities, counties and states involving hotel occupancy taxes. Thirty-five lawsuits are currently active. These lawsuits are in various stages and we continue to defend against the claims made in them vigorously. With respect to the principal claims in these matters, we believe that the ordinances at issue do not apply to the services we provide, namely the facilitation of hotel reservations, and, therefore, that we do not owe the taxes that are claimed to be owed. We believe that the ordinances at issue generally impose occupancy and other taxes on entities that own, operate or control hotels (or similar businesses) or furnish or provide hotel rooms or similar accommodations. To date, thirty-five of these lawsuits have been dismissed. Some of these dismissals have been without prejudice and, generally, allow the governmental entity or entities to seek administrative remedies prior to pursuing further litigation. Twenty-one dismissals were based on a finding that we and the other defendants were not subject to the local hotel occupancy tax ordinance or that the local government lacked standing to pursue their claims. As a result of this litigation and other attempts by certain jurisdictions to levy such taxes, we have established a reserve for the potential settlement of issues related to hotel occupancy taxes, consistent with applicable accounting principles and in light of all current facts and circumstances, in the amount of $43 million as of September 30, 2013 and $35 million as of December 31, 2012. This reserve is based on our best estimate of probable losses and the ultimate resolution of these contingencies may be greater or less than the liabilities recorded. In addition, as of September 30, 2013, we had an accrual totaling $1 million related to court decisions and final settlements. An estimate for a reasonably possible loss or range of loss in excess of the amount reserved cannot be made. Changes to these settlement reserves are included within legal reserves, occupancy tax and other in the consolidated statements of operations.
In connection with various occupancy tax audits and assessments, certain jurisdictions may assert that taxpayers are required to pay any assessed taxes prior to being allowed to contest or litigate the applicability of the ordinances, which is referred to as pay-to-play. These jurisdictions may attempt to require that we pay any assessed taxes prior to being allowed to contest or litigate the applicability of the tax ordinance. Payment of these amounts is not an admission that we believe we are subject to such taxes and, even when such payments are made, we continue to defend our position vigorously. If we prevail in the litigation, for which a pay-to-play payment was made, the jurisdiction collecting the payment will be required to repay such amounts, plus interest.
During 2009, we expensed $48 million related to monies paid in advance of litigation in occupancy tax proceedings with the city of San Francisco. The city of San Francisco issued additional assessments of tax, penalties and interest for the time period from the fourth quarter of 2007 through the fourth quarter of 2011 against the online travel companies, including $22 million against Expedia, Hotels.com and Hotwire. The additional assessments, including the prepayment of such assessments, have been contested by the online travel companies. The city has agreed, subject to documentation, that this assessment may be placed under a bond and not paid, and may proceed to a legal challenge. Hotels.com is currently under audit by the State of Texas, which imposes a pay-to-play requirement to challenge an adverse audit result in court.
Litigation Relating to Other Taxes. On January 11, 2013, the Hawaii tax court ruled that certain online travel companies, including Expedia, Hotels.com and Hotwire (the Expedia Subsidiaries), are obligated to remit past Hawaii general excise taxes with interest, which the Hawaii Director of Taxation has claimed total $110 million for the Expedia Subsidiaries,
15
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
comprised of $78 million relating to tax liability from January 2000 to December 2011 and $32 million in interest from January 2000 to December 2012. On March 15, 2013, the Hawaii tax court issued penalties against the online travel companies. Under this ruling, the state is seeking penalties and interest totaling $60 million against the Expedia Subsidiaries, representing 50% of the Expedias Subsidiaries tax liability plus interest thereon. On April 22, 2013, the Hawaii Supreme Court denied the online travel companies petition for mandamus requesting review of the tax courts ruling that online travel companies must remit tax on gross bookings and therefore subject the hotels charge for the room to double taxation. On August 12, 2013, the tax court held that the online travel companies also are liable for interest on penalties. On September 11, 2013, the online travel companies filed a notice of appeal. We strongly believe that the court ruling regarding the general excise tax is contrary to the plain language of the ordinances at issue as well as prior Hawaiian Supreme Court decisions, previous positions taken by the Hawaii Director of Taxation, and an opinion by the Attorney General of the State of Hawaii. We intend to vigorously pursue our rights on appeal. In addition, on May 20, 2013, the state issued final assessments against the online travel companies, including the Expedia Subsidiaries, for general excise taxes that the state claims are due for the year 2012. The total of these assessments against the Expedia Subsidiaries is $20.5 million.
We were required to pay an amount equal to the taxes, interest and penalties prior to appealing the Hawaiis tax courts ruling. Payment of these amounts is not an admission that we believe we are subject to the taxes in question. To the extent our appeal is successful in reducing or eliminating the assessed amounts, the State of Hawaii would be required to repay such amounts, plus interest. During the year ended December 31, 2012, we expensed $110 million, and during the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we expensed an additional $64 million for amounts required or expected to be paid prior to appealing the tax courts ruling. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we paid $171 million in advance of litigation, which included $18 million for interest on penalties paid during the third quarter of 2013. It is also reasonably possible that we will incur amounts in excess of the amounts expensed, which we estimate could be up to $22 million. The ultimate resolution of these contingencies may be greater or less than the liabilities recorded and our estimates of possible additional assessments.
Matters Relating to Hotel Booking Practices. On July 31, 2012, the United Kingdom Office of Fair Trading (OFT) issued a Statement of Objections alleging that Expedia, Booking.com B.V. and InterContinental Hotels Group PLC (IHG) have infringed European Union and United Kingdom competition law in relation to the online supply of hotel room accommodations. The Statement of Objections alleges that Expedia and Booking.com entered into separate agreements with IHG that restricted each online travel companys ability to discount the price of IHG hotel rooms. The OFT limited its investigation to a small number of companies, but has stated that the investigation is likely to have wider implications for the industry within the United Kingdom.
The Statement of Objections does not constitute a finding of infringement and all parties have the opportunity to respond. If the OFT maintains its objections after the companies responses, the OFT can issue a final decision. In such a case a final decision would be issued at the earliest in 2014. An appeal of an adverse OFT decision is to the English courts but may involve a reference on matters of European Union law to the European Court of Justice.
The parties have not formally responded to the Statement of Objections, but have instead voluntarily proposed to address the OFTs concerns by offering formal commitments. On August 9, 2013, the OFT opened a consultation on the companies proposed commitments. The public consultation period ended on September 13, 2013 and the OFTs current timetable indicates that a commitments-based case closure decision could be adopted by the end of 2013. If the commitments are adopted, the case would be closed without a finding of liability.
We are unable at this time to predict the outcome of the OFT proceeding and any appeal, if applicable. In addition, a number of competition authorities in other European countries have initiated investigations in relation to certain contractual arrangements between hotels and online travel companies, including Expedia. These investigations differ in relation to the parties involved and the precise nature of the concerns.
16
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Since August 20, 2012, more than thirty putative class action lawsuits, which refer to the OFTs Statement of Objections, have been initiated in the United States by consumer plaintiffs alleging claims against the online travel companies, including Expedia, and several major hotel chains for alleged resale price maintenance for online hotel room reservations, including but not limited to violation of the Sherman Act, state antitrust laws, state consumer protection statutes and common law tort claims, such as unjust enrichment. The cases have been consolidated and transferred to Judge Boyle in the United States District Court for the Northern District of Texas. On May 1, 2013, the plaintiffs filed their consolidated amended complaint. On July 1, 2013, the defendants filed motions to dismiss that complaint. A hearing on the defendants motion to dismiss is set for December 17, 2013.
Note 11 Related Party Transactions
TripAdvisor, Inc. In connection with the spin-off, we entered into various agreements with TripAdvisor, a related party due to common ownership, including, among others, a separation agreement, a tax sharing agreement, an employee matters agreement and a transition services agreement. In addition, we have continued to work with TripAdvisor pursuant to various commercial arrangements between subsidiaries of Expedia, on the one hand, and subsidiaries of TripAdvisor, on the other hand. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, we recognized $1 million and $4 million of revenue and expensed approximately $56 million and $171 million related to these various arrangements with TripAdvisor. During the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, we recognized approximately $2 million and $5 million of revenue and expensed approximately $57 million and $164 million related to these various arrangements with TripAdvisor. Net amounts payable to TripAdvisor were $25 million and $24 million as of September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012 and were primarily included in accounts payable, other on the consolidated balance sheet.
Liberty Interactive Corporation. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we issued 467,672 shares of common stock from treasury stock to Liberty Interactive Corporation (Liberty) at a price per share of $54.04 and an aggregate value of approximately $25 million pursuant to and in accordance with the preemptive rights as detailed by the Amended and Restated Governance Agreement with Liberty dated as of December 20, 2011.
Note 12 Segment Information
We have two reportable segments: Leisure and Egencia. Our Leisure segment, which consists of the aggregation of operating segments, provides a full range of travel and advertising services to our worldwide customers through a variety of brands including: Expedia.com and Hotels.com in the United States and localized Expedia and Hotels.com websites throughout the world, Expedia Affiliate Network, Hotwire.com, Venere, eLong, trivago and Classic Vacations. Our Egencia segment provides managed travel services to corporate customers in North America, Europe, and the Asia Pacific region.
We determined our operating segments based on how our chief operating decision makers manage our business, make operating decisions and evaluate operating performance. Our primary operating metric is adjusted EBITDA. Adjusted EBITDA for our Leisure and Egencia segments includes allocations of certain expenses, primarily cost of revenue and facilities, and our Leisure segment includes the total costs of our global supply organizations as well as the realized foreign currency gains or losses related to the forward contracts hedging a component of our net merchant hotel revenue. We base the allocations primarily on transaction volumes and other usage metrics. We do not allocate certain shared expenses such as accounting, human resources, information technology and legal to our reportable segments. We include these expenses in Corporate. Our allocation methodology is periodically evaluated and may change.
Corporate also includes unallocated corporate functions and expenses. In addition, we record amortization of intangible assets and any related impairment, as well as stock-based compensation expense, restructuring charges, legal reserves, occupancy tax and other, and other items excluded from segment operating performance in Corporate. Such amounts are detailed in our segment reconciliation below.
17
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
The following tables present our segment information for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 2012. As a significant portion of our property and equipment is not allocated to our operating segments and depreciation is not included in our segment measure, we do not report the assets by segment as it would not be meaningful. We do not regularly provide such information to our chief operating decision makers.
Three months ended September 30, 2013 | ||||||||||||||||
Leisure | Egencia | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | 1,316,483 | $ | 85,377 | $ | | $ | 1,401,860 | ||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 419,156 | $ | 11,482 | $ | (90,741 | ) | $ | 339,897 | |||||||
Depreciation |
(26,525 | ) | (3,643 | ) | (22,797 | ) | (52,965 | ) | ||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets |
| | (18,514 | ) | (18,514 | ) | ||||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
| | (18,039 | ) | (18,039 | ) | ||||||||||
Legal reserves, occupancy tax and other |
| | (6,874 | ) | (6,874 | ) | ||||||||||
Realized gain on revenue hedges |
(4,814 | ) | | | (4,814 | ) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Operating income (loss) |
$ | 387,817 | $ | 7,839 | $ | (156,965 | ) | 238,691 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Other expense, net |
(26,611 | ) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations before income taxes |
212,080 | |||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
(45,356 | ) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Net income |
166,724 | |||||||||||||||
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests |
4,135 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to Expedia, Inc. |
$ | 170,859 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Three months ended September 30, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
Leisure | Egencia | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | 1,121,267 | $ | 77,753 | $ | | $ | 1,199,020 | ||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 357,032 | $ | 12,446 | $ | (75,902 | ) | $ | 293,576 | |||||||
Depreciation |
(20,323 | ) | (3,051 | ) | (20,500 | ) | (43,874 | ) | ||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets |
| | (9,474 | ) | (9,474 | ) | ||||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
| | (15,338 | ) | (15,338 | ) | ||||||||||
Legal reserves, occupancy tax and other |
| | (2,310 | ) | (2,310 | ) | ||||||||||
Realized loss on revenue hedges |
4,510 | | | 4,510 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Operating income (loss) |
$ | 341,219 | $ | 9,395 | $ | (123,524 | ) | 227,090 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Other expense, net |
(22,752 | ) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations before income taxes |
204,338 | |||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
(36,150 | ) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations |
168,188 | |||||||||||||||
Discontinued operations, net of taxes |
1,543 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Net income |
169,731 | |||||||||||||||
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests |
1,746 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to Expedia, Inc. |
$ | 171,477 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
18
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Nine months ended September 30, 2013 | ||||||||||||||||
Leisure | Egencia | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | 3,350,040 | $ | 269,204 | $ | | $ | 3,619,244 | ||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 862,107 | $ | 41,172 | $ | (266,552 | ) | $ | 636,727 | |||||||
Depreciation |
(75,093 | ) | (10,675 | ) | (67,202 | ) | (152,970 | ) | ||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets |
| | (49,921 | ) | (49,921 | ) | ||||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
| | (109,203 | ) | (109,203 | ) | ||||||||||
Legal reserves, occupancy tax and other |
| | (74,678 | ) | (74,678 | ) | ||||||||||
Acquistion-related and other |
| | (9,829 | ) | (9,829 | ) | ||||||||||
Realized gain on revenue hedges |
(12,777 | ) | | | (12,777 | ) | ||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Operating income (loss) |
$ | 774,237 | $ | 30,497 | $ | (577,385 | ) | 227,349 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Other expense, net |
(47,117 | ) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations before income taxes |
180,232 | |||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
(57,861 | ) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Net income |
122,371 | |||||||||||||||
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests |
15,762 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to Expedia, Inc. |
$ | 138,133 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Nine months ended September 30, 2012 | ||||||||||||||||
Leisure | Egencia | Corporate | Total | |||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | 2,849,332 | $ | 206,156 | $ | | $ | 3,055,488 | ||||||||
Adjusted EBITDA |
$ | 811,307 | $ | 40,168 | $ | (233,180 | ) | $ | 618,295 | |||||||
Depreciation |
(53,580 | ) | (7,796 | ) | (55,478 | ) | (116,854 | ) | ||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets |
| | (21,527 | ) | (21,527 | ) | ||||||||||
Stock-based compensation |
| | (48,910 | ) | (48,910 | ) | ||||||||||
Legal reserves, occupancy tax and other |
| | (5,384 | ) | (5,384 | ) | ||||||||||
Realized loss on revenue hedges |
4,594 | | | 4,594 | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||
Operating income (loss) |
$ | 762,321 | $ | 32,372 | $ | (364,479 | ) | 430,214 | ||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Other expense, net |
(64,185 | ) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations before income taxes |
366,029 | |||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
(70,145 | ) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Income from continuing operations |
295,884 | |||||||||||||||
Discontinued operations, net of taxes |
(22,346 | ) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Net income |
273,538 | |||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests |
(101 | ) | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to Expedia, Inc. |
$ | 273,437 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
19
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
Note 13 Guarantor and Non-Guarantor Supplemental Financial Information
Condensed consolidating financial information of Expedia, Inc. (the Parent), our subsidiaries that are guarantors of our debt facility and instruments (the Guarantor Subsidiaries), and our subsidiaries that are not guarantors of our debt facility and instruments (the Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries) is shown below. The debt facility and instruments are guaranteed by certain of our wholly-owned domestic subsidiaries and rank equally in right of payment with all of our existing and future unsecured and unsubordinated obligations. The guarantees are full, unconditional, joint and several with the exception of certain customary automatic subsidiary release provisions. In this financial information, the Parent and Guarantor Subsidiaries account for investments in their wholly-owned subsidiaries using the equity method.
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATION
Three months ended September 30, 2013
Parent | Guarantor Subsidiaries |
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |
Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | | $ | 1,109,955 | $ | 310,177 | $ | (18,272 | ) | $ | 1,401,860 | |||||||||
Costs and expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenue |
| 213,432 | 61,517 | 1,369 | 276,318 | |||||||||||||||
Selling and marketing |
| 408,946 | 235,871 | (19,521 | ) | 625,296 | ||||||||||||||
Technology and content |
| 99,450 | 44,355 | 11 | 143,816 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
| 55,772 | 36,710 | (131 | ) | 92,351 | ||||||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets |
| 280 | 18,234 | | 18,514 | |||||||||||||||
Legal reserves, occupancy tax and other |
| 6,874 | | | 6,874 | |||||||||||||||
Intercompany (income) expense, net |
| 134,901 | (134,901 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Operating income |
| 190,300 | 48,391 | | 238,691 | |||||||||||||||
Other income (expense): |
||||||||||||||||||||
Equity in pre-tax earnings of consolidated subsidiaries |
184,034 | 75,000 | | (259,034 | ) | | ||||||||||||||
Other, net |
(20,698 | ) | 2,676 | (8,589 | ) | | (26,611 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total other income (expense), net |
163,336 | 77,676 | (8,589 | ) | (259,034 | ) | (26,611 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Income before income taxes |
163,336 | 267,976 | 39,802 | (259,034 | ) | 212,080 | ||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
7,523 | (78,275 | ) | 25,396 | | (45,356 | ) | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net income |
170,859 | 189,701 | 65,198 | (259,034 | ) | 166,724 | ||||||||||||||
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests |
| | 4,135 | | 4,135 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net income attributable to Expedia, Inc. |
$ | 170,859 | $ | 189,701 | $ | 69,333 | $ | (259,034 | ) | $ | 170,859 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Comprehensive income attributable to Expedia, Inc. |
$ | 170,859 | $ | 190,388 | $ | 94,449 | $ | (259,034 | ) | $ | 196,662 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
20
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATION
Three months ended September 30, 2012
Parent | Guarantor Subsidiaries |
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |
Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | | $ | 1,039,520 | $ | 160,882 | $ | (1,382 | ) | $ | 1,199,020 | |||||||||
Costs and expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenue |
| 194,103 | 48,996 | 534 | 243,633 | |||||||||||||||
Selling and marketing |
| 374,409 | 133,420 | (2,073 | ) | 505,756 | ||||||||||||||
Technology and content |
| 90,427 | 35,232 | (42 | ) | 125,617 | ||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
| 55,112 | 29,829 | 199 | 85,140 | |||||||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets |
| 1,555 | 7,919 | | 9,474 | |||||||||||||||
Legal reserves, occupancy tax and other |
| 2,310 | | | 2,310 | |||||||||||||||
Intercompany (income) expense, net |
| 207,291 | (207,291 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Operating income |
| 114,313 | 112,777 | | 227,090 | |||||||||||||||
Other income (expense): |
||||||||||||||||||||
Equity in pre-tax earnings of consolidated subsidiaries |
183,803 | 112,800 | | (296,603 | ) | | ||||||||||||||
Other, net |
(20,835 | ) | (3,871 | ) | 1,954 | | (22,752 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total other income (expense), net |
162,968 | 108,929 | 1,954 | (296,603 | ) | (22,752 | ) | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Income before income taxes |
162,968 | 223,242 | 114,731 | (296,603 | ) | 204,338 | ||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
6,966 | (38,609 | ) | (4,507 | ) | | (36,150 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Income from continuing operations |
169,934 | 184,633 | 110,224 | (296,603 | ) | 168,188 | ||||||||||||||
Discontinued operations, net of taxes |
1,543 | | | | 1,543 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net income |
171,477 | 184,633 | 110,224 | (296,603 | ) | 169,731 | ||||||||||||||
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests |
| | 1,746 | | 1,746 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net income attributable to Expedia, Inc. |
$ | 171,477 | $ | 184,633 | $ | 111,970 | $ | (296,603 | ) | $ | 171,477 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Comprehensive income attributable to Expedia, Inc. |
$ | 171,477 | $ | 184,921 | $ | 125,859 | $ | (296,603 | ) | $ | 185,654 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATION Nine months ended September 30, 2013 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Parent | Guarantor Subsidiaries |
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |
Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | | $ | 2,934,567 | $ | 719,407 | $ | (34,730 | ) | $ | 3,619,244 | |||||||||
Costs and expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenue |
| 613,923 | 172,065 | 3,518 | 789,506 | |||||||||||||||
Selling and marketing |
| 1,157,873 | 592,234 | (38,188 | ) | 1,711,919 | ||||||||||||||
Technology and content |
| 292,459 | 130,309 | 13 | 422,781 | |||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
| 160,599 | 116,092 | (73 | ) | 276,618 | ||||||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets |
| 2,761 | 47,160 | | 49,921 | |||||||||||||||
Legal reserves, occupancy tax and other |
| 74,678 | | | 74,678 | |||||||||||||||
Acquistion-related and other |
| | 66,472 | | 66,472 | |||||||||||||||
Intercompany (income) expense, net |
| 534,141 | (534,141 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Operating income |
| 98,133 | 129,216 | | 227,349 | |||||||||||||||
Other income (expense): |
||||||||||||||||||||
Equity in pre-tax earnings (losses) of consolidated subsidiaries |
175,368 | 115,901 | | (291,269 | ) | | ||||||||||||||
Other, net |
(62,378 | ) | 20,881 | (5,620 | ) | | (47,117 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total other income (expense), net |
112,990 | 136,782 | (5,620 | ) | (291,269 | ) | (47,117 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Income before income taxes |
112,990 | 234,915 | 123,596 | (291,269 | ) | 180,232 | ||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
25,143 | (54,395 | ) | (28,609 | ) | | (57,861 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net income |
138,133 | 180,520 | 94,987 | (291,269 | ) | 122,371 | ||||||||||||||
Net loss attributable to noncontrolling interests |
| | 15,762 | | 15,762 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net income attributable to Expedia, Inc. |
$ | 138,133 | $ | 180,520 | $ | 110,749 | $ | (291,269 | ) | $ | 138,133 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Comprehensive income attributable to Expedia, Inc. |
$ | 138,133 | $ | 179,830 | $ | 120,606 | $ | (291,269 | ) | $ | 147,300 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
21
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF OPERATION
Nine months ended September 30, 2012
Parent | Guarantor Subsidiaries |
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |
Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue |
$ | | $ | 2,664,255 | $ | 395,282 | $ | (4,049 | ) | $ | 3,055,488 | |||||||||
Costs and expenses: |
||||||||||||||||||||
Cost of revenue |
| 550,129 | 122,354 | 989 | 673,472 | |||||||||||||||
Selling and marketing |
| 990,527 | 342,646 | (5,772 | ) | 1,327,401 | ||||||||||||||
Technology and content |
| 260,231 | 90,773 | (450 | ) | 350,554 | ||||||||||||||
General and administrative |
| 161,570 | 84,182 | 1,184 | 246,936 | |||||||||||||||
Amortization of intangible assets |
| 4,888 | 16,639 | | 21,527 | |||||||||||||||
Legal reserves, occupancy tax and other |
| 5,384 | | | 5,384 | |||||||||||||||
Intercompany (income) expense, net |
| 521,952 | (521,952 | ) | | | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Operating income |
| 169,574 | 260,640 | | 430,214 | |||||||||||||||
Other income (expense): |
||||||||||||||||||||
Equity in pre-tax earnings of consolidated subsidiaries |
333,172 | 251,410 | | (584,582 | ) | | ||||||||||||||
Other, net |
(62,536 | ) | (39,564 | ) | 37,915 | | (64,185 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Total other income (expense), net |
270,636 | 211,846 | 37,915 | (584,582 | ) | (64,185 | ) | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Income from continuing operations before income taxes |
270,636 | 381,420 | 298,555 | (584,582 | ) | 366,029 | ||||||||||||||
Provision for income taxes |
25,147 | (45,614 | ) | (49,678 | ) | | (70,145 | ) | ||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Income from continuing operations |
295,783 | 335,806 | 248,877 | (584,582 | ) | 295,884 | ||||||||||||||
Discontinued operations, net of taxes |
(22,346 | ) | | | | (22,346 | ) | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net income |
273,437 | 335,806 | 248,877 | (584,582 | ) | 273,538 | ||||||||||||||
Net income attributable to noncontrolling interests |
| | (101 | ) | | (101 | ) | |||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Net income attributable to Expedia, Inc. |
$ | 273,437 | $ | 335,806 | $ | 248,776 | $ | (584,582 | ) | $ | 273,437 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
Comprehensive income attributable to Expedia, Inc. |
$ | 273,437 | $ | 336,580 | $ | 252,768 | $ | (584,582 | ) | $ | 278,203 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET September 30, 2013 |
||||||||||||||||||||
Parent | Guarantor Subsidiaries |
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |
Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
ASSETS |
||||||||||||||||||||
Total current assets |
$ | 150,112 | $ | 3,407,256 | $ | 383,210 | $ | (1,234,772 | ) | $ | 2,705,806 | |||||||||
Investment in subsidiaries |
4,499,392 | 1,307,092 | | (5,806,484 | ) | | ||||||||||||||
Intangible assets, net |
| 638,015 | 491,516 | | 1,129,531 | |||||||||||||||
Goodwill |
| 2,436,533 | 1,221,461 | | 3,657,994 | |||||||||||||||
Other assets, net |
4,249 | 529,406 | 174,624 | | 708,279 | |||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
TOTAL ASSETS |
$ | 4,653,753 | $ | 8,318,302 | $ | 2,270,811 | $ | (7,041,256 | ) | $ | 8,201,610 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total current liabilities |
$ | 1,099,052 | $ | 3,394,877 | $ | 462,262 | $ | (1,234,772 | ) | $ | 3,721,419 | |||||||||
Long-term debt |
1,249,395 | | | | 1,249,395 | |||||||||||||||
Other liabilities |
| 413,452 | 512,038 | | 925,490 | |||||||||||||||
Stockholders equity |
2,305,306 | 4,509,973 | 1,296,511 | (5,806,484 | ) | 2,305,306 | ||||||||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|||||||||||
TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY |
$ | 4,653,753 | $ | 8,318,302 | $ | 2,270,811 | $ | (7,041,256 | ) | $ | 8,201,610 | |||||||||
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
|
22
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING BALANCE SHEET
December 31, 2012
Parent | Guarantor Subsidiaries |
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |
Eliminations | Consolidated | ||||||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||||||
ASSETS | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total current assets |
$ | 137,942 | $ | 2,674,496 | $ | 675,026 | $ | (872,962 | ) | $ | 2,614,502 | |||||||||
Investment in subsidiaries |
4,277,954 | 1,188,871 | | (5,466,825 | ) | | ||||||||||||||
Intangible assets, net |
| 634,853 | 186,566 | | 821,419 | |||||||||||||||
Goodwill |
| 2,436,533 | 579,137 | | 3,015,670 | |||||||||||||||
Other assets, net |
4,790 | 473,439 | 155,375 | | 633,604 | |||||||||||||||
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TOTAL ASSETS |
$ | 4,420,686 | $ | 7,408,192 | $ | 1,596,104 | $ | (6,339,787 | ) | $ | 7,085,195 | |||||||||
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LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY | ||||||||||||||||||||
Total current liabilities |
$ | 781,953 | $ | 2,708,755 | $ | 364,565 | $ | (872,962 | ) | $ | 2,982,311 | |||||||||
Long-term debt |
1,249,345 | | | | 1,249,345 | |||||||||||||||
Other liabilities |
| 415,465 | 48,686 | | 464,151 | |||||||||||||||
Stockholders equity |
2,389,388 | 4,283,972 | 1,182,853 | (5,466,825 | ) | 2,389,388 | ||||||||||||||
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TOTAL LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS EQUITY |
$ | 4,420,686 | $ | 7,408,192 | $ | 1,596,104 | $ | (6,339,787 | ) | $ | 7,085,195 | |||||||||
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CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Nine months ended September 30, 2013
Parent | Guarantor Subsidiaries |
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |
Consolidated | |||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Operating activities: |
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Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations |
$ | | $ | 269,993 | $ | 705,422 | $ | 975,415 | ||||||||
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Investing activities: |
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Capital expenditures, including internal-use software and website development |
| (180,193 | ) | (55,223 | ) | (235,416 | ) | |||||||||
Purchases of investments |
| (919,108 | ) | (220,049 | ) | (1,139,157 | ) | |||||||||
Sales and maturities of investments |
| 1,099,773 | 238,289 | 1,338,062 | ||||||||||||
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired |
| | (540,489 | ) | (540,489 | ) | ||||||||||
Other, net |
| 40,228 | (177 | ) | 40,051 | |||||||||||
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Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities from continuing operations |
| 40,700 | (577,649 | ) | (536,949 | ) | ||||||||||
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Financing activities: |
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Purchases of treasury stock |
(355,689 | ) | | | (355,689 | ) | ||||||||||
Proceeds from issuance of treasury stock |
25,273 | | | 25,273 | ||||||||||||
Proceeds from exercise of equity awards |
40,639 | | 2,054 | 42,693 | ||||||||||||
Transfers (to) from related parties |
313,817 | (313,817 | ) | | | |||||||||||
Other, net |
(24,040 | ) | 6,330 | (14,922 | ) | (32,632 | ) | |||||||||
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Net cash used in financing activities from continuing operations |
| (307,487 | ) | (12,868 | ) | (320,355 | ) | |||||||||
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Net cash provided by continuing operations |
| 3,206 | 114,905 | 118,111 | ||||||||||||
Net cash provided by discontinued operations |
| 13,637 | | 13,637 | ||||||||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
| (28,418 | ) | (1,993 | ) | (30,411 | ) | |||||||||
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Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
| (11,575 | ) | 112,912 | 101,337 | |||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
| 1,007,155 | 286,006 | 1,293,161 | ||||||||||||
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Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
$ | | $ | 995,580 | $ | 398,918 | $ | 1,394,498 | ||||||||
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23
Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements (Continued)
CONDENSED CONSOLIDATING STATEMENT OF CASH FLOWS
Nine months ended September 30, 2012
Parent | Guarantor Subsidiaries |
Non-Guarantor Subsidiaries |
Consolidated | |||||||||||||
(In thousands) | ||||||||||||||||
Operating activities: |
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Net cash provided by operating activities from continuing operations |
$ | | $ | 1,270,214 | $ | 183,694 | $ | 1,453,908 | ||||||||
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Investing activities: |
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Capital expenditures, including internal-use software and website development |
| (143,051 | ) | (33,929 | ) | (176,980 | ) | |||||||||
Purchases of investments |
| (1,265,212 | ) | (265,537 | ) | (1,530,749 | ) | |||||||||
Sales and maturities of investments |
| 992,292 | 251,773 | 1,244,065 | ||||||||||||
Acquisitions, net of cash acquired |
| | (198,398 | ) | (198,398 | ) | ||||||||||
Other, net |
| (8,511 | ) | (2,203 | ) | (10,714 | ) | |||||||||
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Net cash used in investing activities from continuing operations |
| (424,482 | ) | (248,294 | ) | (672,776 | ) | |||||||||
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Financing activities: |
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Purchases of treasury stock |
(366,037 | ) | | | (366,037 | ) | ||||||||||
Payment of dividends to stockholders |
(42,470 | ) | | | (42,470 | ) | ||||||||||
Proceeds from exercise of equity awards |
231,073 | | 1,585 | 232,658 | ||||||||||||
Transfers (to) from related parties |
149,001 | (149,001 | ) | | | |||||||||||
Other, net |
28,433 | (2,746 | ) | (3,765 | ) | 21,922 | ||||||||||
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Net cash used in financing activities from continuing operations |
| (151,747 | ) | (2,180 | ) | (153,927 | ) | |||||||||
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Net cash provided by (used in) continuing operations |
| 693,985 | (66,780 | ) | 627,205 | |||||||||||
Net cash used in discontinued operations |
| (7,607 | ) | | (7,607 | ) | ||||||||||
Effect of exchange rate changes on cash and cash equivalents |
| 5,863 | 133 | 5,996 | ||||||||||||
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Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents |
| 692,241 | (66,647 | ) | 625,594 | |||||||||||
Cash and cash equivalents at beginning of period |
| 357,252 | 331,882 | 689,134 | ||||||||||||
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Cash and cash equivalents at end of period |
$ | | $ | 1,049,493 | $ | 265,235 | $ | 1,314,728 | ||||||||
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24
Part I. Item 2. Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial
Condition and Results of Operations
Forward-Looking Statements
This Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q contains forward-looking statements within the meaning of the Private Securities Litigation Reform Act of 1995. These forward-looking statements reflect the views of our management regarding current expectations and projections about future events and are based on currently available information. Actual results could differ materially from those contained in these forward-looking statements for a variety of reasons, including, but not limited to, those discussed in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012, Part I, Item 1A, Risk Factors, as well as those discussed elsewhere in this report. Other unknown or unpredictable factors also could have a material adverse effect on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Accordingly, readers should not place undue reliance on these forward-looking statements. The use of words such as anticipates, estimates, expects, intends, plans and believes, among others, generally identify forward-looking statements; however, these words are not the exclusive means of identifying such statements. In addition, any statements that refer to expectations, projections or other characterizations of future events or circumstances are forward-looking statements. These forward-looking statements are inherently subject to uncertainties, risks and changes in circumstances that are difficult to predict. We are not under any obligation to, and do not intend to, publicly update or review any of these forward-looking statements, whether as a result of new information, future events or otherwise, even if experience or future events make it clear that any expected results expressed or implied by those forward-looking statements will not be realized. Please carefully review and consider the various disclosures made in this report and in our other reports filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) that attempt to advise interested parties of the risks and factors that may affect our business, prospects and results of operations.
The information included in this managements discussion and analysis of financial condition and results of operations should be read in conjunction with our consolidated financial statements and the notes included in this Quarterly Report, and the audited consolidated financial statements and notes and Managements Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations contained in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.
Overview
Expedia, Inc. is an online travel company, empowering business and leisure travelers with the tools and information they need to efficiently research, plan, book and experience travel. We have created a global travel marketplace used by a broad range of leisure and corporate travelers, offline retail travel agents and travel service providers. We make available, on a stand-alone and package basis, travel products and services provided by numerous airlines, lodging properties, car rental companies, destination service providers, cruise lines and other travel product and service companies. We also offer travel and non-travel advertisers access to a potential source of incremental traffic and transactions through our various media and advertising offerings.
Our portfolio of brands includes Expedia.com®, Hotels.com®, Hotwire.comTM, Expedia Affiliate Network (EAN), Classic Vacations, Expedia Local ExpertTM, Expedia® CruiseShipCenters®, Egencia TM, eLongTM, Venere Net SpA (Venere) and trivago GmbH (trivago), a leading hotel metasearch company based in Germany acquired during the first quarter of 2013. In addition, many of these brands have related international points of sale. For additional information about our portfolio of brands, see Portfolio of Brands in Part I, Item 1, Business, in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.
All percentages within this section are calculated on actual, unrounded numbers.
Trends
The travel industry, including offline agencies, online agencies and other suppliers of travel products and services, has historically been characterized by intense competition, as well as rapid and significant change. Generally, 2012 and 2013 have represented years of gradual improvement for the travel industry. However, natural disasters, ongoing sovereign debt and economic issues in several European countries, the recent shutdown of the U.S. government, worry over extending the debt ceiling in the United States and uncertainty regarding the timing of a possible pullback in U.S. Federal Reserves quantitative easing program as well as any change in current fiscal policies, all contribute to a somewhat uncertain forward environment for the travel industry.
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Online Travel
Increased usage and familiarity with the internet have driven rapid growth in online penetration of travel expenditures. According to PhoCusWright, an independent travel, tourism and hospitality research firm, in 2012, approximately 59% of U.S. leisure, unmanaged and corporate travel expenditures occur online, compared with approximately 44% of European travel. Online penetration in the emerging markets, such as Asia Pacific and Latin American regions are estimated to be approximately 20%, lagging behind that of Europe. These penetration rates have increased over the past few years, and are expected to continue growing. This significant growth has attracted many competitors to online travel. This competition has intensified in recent years, and the industry is expected to remain highly competitive for the foreseeable future. In addition to the growth of online travel agencies, airlines and lodging companies have aggressively pursued direct online distribution of their products and services, and supplier growth outpaced online travel agency growth for several years. Competitive entrants such as metasearch companies, including Kayak.com (which Priceline.com acquired in May 2013), trivago.com (in which Expedia acquired a majority ownership interest in March 2013) as well as TripAdvisor (completed its conversion to a metasearch site in June 2013) introduced differentiated features, pricing and content compared with the legacy online travel agency companies and thus have rapidly grown traffic to their respective sites. In addition, models, such as daily deals and private sale sites remain popular with price sensitive consumers. Finally, we have seen increased interest in the online travel industry from search engine companies as evidenced by recent innovations and proposed and actual acquisitions by companies such as Google and Microsoft.
The online travel industry has also seen the development of alternative business models and variations in the timing of payment by travelers and to suppliers, which in some cases place pressure on historical business models. In particular, the agency hotel model has seen rapid adoption in Europe. Expedia has both a merchant and an agency hotel offer for our hotel supply partners and we expect our use of these models to continue to evolve. During 2012, Expedia introduced the Expedia Traveler Preference (ETP) program to hotel suppliers in the United States and Europe and is now in the process of rolling the program out globally. ETP offers travelers the choice of whether to pay Expedia at the time of booking or pay the hotel at the time of stay.
Intense competition has also historically led to aggressive online marketing spend by the travel suppliers and intermediaries, and a meaningful reduction in our overall marketing efficiencies and operating margins. Earlier this year, numerous travel brands launched offline advertising campaigns in the United States for the first time thus increasing the number of participants in the travel advertising space, increasing competition for share of voice; and we have seen a similar level of activity continue throughout the third quarter of 2013. We manage our selling and marketing spending on a brand basis at the local or regional level, making decisions in each market that we think are appropriate based on the relative growth opportunity, the expected returns and the competitive environment. In certain cases, particularly in emerging markets, we are pursuing and expect to continue to pursue long-term growth opportunities for which our marketing efficiency is lower than that for our consolidated business but for which we still believe the opportunity to be attractive. The crowded online travel environment is now driving secondary and tertiary online travel companies to establish marketing agreements with global players in order to leverage distribution and technology capabilities while focusing resources on capturing consumer mind share, as evidenced by the Travelocity Expedia marketing agreement signed during the third quarter of 2013 and expected to launch in the first half of 2014.
Hotel
We generate the majority of our revenue through the marketing and distribution of hotel rooms (stand-alone and package bookings). Our relationships and negotiated total economics with our hotel supply partners have remained broadly stable in the past few years. We have, however, implemented new customer loyalty and discount programs and have eliminated or reduced some fees in that timeframe and, as such, the margin of revenue we earn per booking has declined. In addition, as part of the introduction of ETP, we reduced negotiated economics in certain instances to compensate for hotel supply partners absorbing expenses such as credit card fees and customer service costs. Therefore, we believe the global rollout of ETP could negatively impact the margin of revenue we earn per booking in the future. In addition, as we continue to expand the breadth and depth of our global hotel offering and continue to roll out ETP, we have made and expect to continue to make adjustments to our economics in various geographies including changes based on local market conditions. Based on these dynamics, we expect our revenue per room night to remain under pressure in the future.
26
Since our hotel supplier agreements are generally negotiated on a percentage basis, any increase or decrease in average daily rates (ADRs) has an impact on the revenue we earn per room night. Over the course of the last two years, occupancies and ADRs in the lodging industry have generally increased in a gradually improving overall travel environment. Currently occupancy rates are near 2007 peaks and there is very little new, net hotel supply being added in the U.S. lodging market with large chains focusing their development opportunities in international markets. This may help hoteliers with their objective of continuing to grow ADRs and could lead to pressure in negotiations with hoteliers and may ultimately lead to pressure on terms for us and our OTA competitors. In international markets, hotel supply is being added at a much faster rate as hotel owners and operators try to take advantage of opportunities in faster growing regions such as China and India, among others. Given Expedias focus on acquiring diverse global hotel supply, and most effectively capitalizing on the synergies between supply and consumer demand, the Expedia Lodging Partner Services (LPS) organization will report to Brand Expedia beginning in the fourth quarter of 2013. We have had success adding supply to our marketplace with more than 240,000 hotels on our global websites, including eLong, as of the end of the third quarter of 2013. In addition, our room night growth has been healthy, with room nights growing 18% in 2011, 27% in 2012 and 22% for the nine months of 2013. ADRs for rooms booked on Expedia sites grew 5% in 2011, declined 2% in 2012, and were essentially flat for the nine months end September 30, 2013.
Air
The airline sector in particular has historically experienced significant turmoil. In recent years, there has been increased air carrier consolidation, generally resulting in lower overall capacity and higher fares. In addition, air carriers have made significant efforts to keep seat capacity relatively low in order to ensure that demand for seats remains high and that flights are as full as possible. Reduced seating capacities are generally negative for Expedia as there is less air supply available on our websites, and in turn less opportunity to facilitate hotel rooms, car rental and other services on behalf of air travelers. Ticket prices on Expedia sites increased 1% for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and increased 4% and 11% in 2012 and 2011. We are encountering pressure on air remuneration as certain supply agreements renew, and as air carriers and GDS intermediaries re-negotiate their long-term agreements. In addition, some U.S. air carriers introduced various incentives for customers to book directly with the carrier versus via online travel agencies. Examples of these incentives include lower fees, advance seat assignments and greater earning potential for frequent flier miles.
In part as a result of sharply rising average ticket prices, our ticket volumes decreased by 8% in 2011 after having grown by 11% in 2010. Air ticket volumes grew 8% for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 and 4% in 2012, largely due to strong growth in corporate ticket volumes at Egencia. From a product perspective for the nine months of 2013, 72% of our revenue comes from transactions involving the booking of hotel reservations, with 8% of our revenue derived from the sale of airline tickets. We believe that the hotel product is the most profitable of the products we distribute and represents our best overall growth opportunity.
Growth Strategy
Product Innovation. Each of our leading brands was a pioneer in online travel and has been responsible for driving key innovations in the space over the past two decades. They each operate a dedicated technology team, which drives innovations that make researching and shopping for travel increasingly easier and helps customers find and book the best possible travel options. In the past several years, we made key investments in technology, including significant development of our technological platforms that makes it possible for us to deliver innovations at a faster pace. For example, we launched our new Hotels.com global platform in the first quarter of 2010, enabling us to significantly increase the innovation cycle for that brand. Since then, we have been successful in improving conversion and driving much faster growth rates for the Hotels.com brand. We are in the midst of a similar transformation for Brand Expedia, having rolled out its new hotel platform in the second half of 2011, followed by the air platform rollout during the first half of 2012 and the new package platform in the first quarter of 2013.
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Global Expansion. Our Expedia, Hotels.com, Egencia, EAN, and Hotwire brands operate both domestically and through international points of sale, including in Europe, Asia Pacific, Canada and Latin America. We own a majority share of eLong, which is the second largest online travel company in China. We also own Venere, a European brand, which focuses on marketing hotel rooms in Europe. Egencia, our corporate travel business, operates in over 60 countries around the world and continues to expand, including its 2012 acquisition of VIA Travel. We also partner in a 50/50 joint venture with AirAsia a low cost carrier serving the Asia-Pacific region to jointly grow an online travel agency business. Although the results for the joint venture are not consolidated in our financial statements, we consider this business to be a key part of our Asia Pacific strategy. In 2012, approximately 41% of our worldwide gross bookings and 45% of worldwide revenue were international up from 22% for both worldwide gross bookings and revenue in 2005. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, 43% of our worldwide gross bookings and 47% of worldwide revenue were international. We have a stated goal of driving more than half of our revenue through international points of sale.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we completed our majority acquisition of trivago, GmbH (trivago), a Dusseldorf, Germany-based leading hotel metasearch company featuring price comparison from more than 700,000 hotels on over 200 booking sites worldwide. Officially launched in 2005, trivago is already one of the best known travel brands in Europe. trivago will continue to operate independently, and plans to rapidly grow revenue through global expansion.
In expanding our global reach, we leverage significant investments in technology, operations, brand building, supplier relationships and other initiatives that we have made since the launch of Expedia.com in 1996. Most recently, Expedia signed an agreement to power the technology, supply, and customer service platforms for Travelocity-branded sites in the United States and Canada, enabling Expedia to leverage its investments in each of these key areas. We intend to continue leveraging these investments when launching additional points of sale in new countries, introducing new website features, adding supplier products and services including new business model offerings, as well as proprietary and user-generated content for travelers.
Our scale of operations enhances the value of technology innovations we introduce on behalf of our travelers and suppliers. We believe that our size and scale affords the company the ability to negotiate competitive rates with our supply partners, provide breadth of choice and travel deals to our traveling customers through an increasingly larger supply portfolio and creates opportunities for new value added offers for our customers such as our loyalty programs. The size of Expedias worldwide traveler base makes our sites an appealing channel for travel suppliers to reach customers. In addition, the sheer size of our user base and search query volume allows us to test new technology very quickly in order to determine which innovations are most likely to improve the travel research and booking process, and then roll those features out to our worldwide audience in order to drive improvements to conversion.
New Channel Penetration. Today, the vast majority of online travel bookings are generated through typical desktop and laptop computers. However, technological innovations and developments are creating new opportunities including travel bookings made through mobile devices. In the past few years, each of our brands made significant progress creating new mobile websites and mobile/tablet applications that are receiving strong reviews and solid download trends. In 2010, we bought a leading travel application company called Mobiata® which is responsible for several top travel applications, such as FlightTrackTM, FlightTrack ProTM and FlightBoardTM, and is now integrated into Brand Expedia. We believe mobile bookings via smartphones present an opportunity for incremental growth as they are typically completed within one day of the travel or stay which is a much shorter booking window than we have historically experienced via more traditional online booking methods. During the last year, customers behaviors and preferences on tablet devices began to show differences from trends seen on smartphones. For example, the booking window on a smartphone typically is much shorter than the emerging trend on the tablet device and historical average on a desktop or laptop. We have a stated goal of booking 20% of our transactions through mobile devices before the end of 2014.
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Virtually all of our leisure brands continue to conduct experiments with daily deals and social media as part of our efforts to drive business through new distribution channels. We believe daily deals may represent incremental travel bookings as it typically represents an impulse purchase compared to historical travel purchasing activity which tends to be a highly considered and deliberate transaction. In addition, we anticipate the importance of social media channels to consumers and to our industry to increase over time. It is our intention to grow our social efforts alongside this trend.
Seasonality
We generally experience seasonal fluctuations in the demand for our travel products and services. For example, traditional leisure travel bookings are generally the highest in the first three quarters as travelers plan and book their spring, summer and holiday travel. The number of bookings typically decreases in the fourth quarter. Because revenue in the merchant business is generally recognized when the travel takes place rather than when it is booked, revenue typically lags bookings by several weeks or longer. The seasonal revenue impact is exacerbated with respect to income by the more stable nature of our fixed costs. As a result, revenue and income are typically the lowest in the first quarter and highest in the third quarter. The continued growth of our international operations or a change in our product mix may influence the typical trend of the seasonality in the future.
Critical Accounting Policies and Estimates
Critical accounting policies and estimates are those that we believe are important in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements because they require that we use judgment and estimates in applying those policies. We prepare our consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles in the United States (GAAP). Preparation of the consolidated financial statements and accompanying notes requires that we make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and the disclosure of contingent assets and liabilities as of the date of the consolidated financial statements as well as revenue and expenses during the periods reported. We base our estimates on historical experience, where applicable, and on other assumptions that we believe are reasonable under the circumstances. Actual results may differ from our estimates under different assumptions or conditions.
There are certain critical estimates that we believe require significant judgment in the preparation of our consolidated financial statements. We consider an accounting estimate to be critical if:
| It requires us to make an assumption because information was not available at the time or it included matters that were highly uncertain at the time we were making the estimate; and |
| Changes in the estimate or different estimates that we could have selected may have had a material impact on our financial condition or results of operations. |
For additional information about our critical accounting policies and estimates, see the disclosure included in our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2012.
Occupancy Taxes
We are currently involved in thirty-five lawsuits brought by or against states, cities and counties over issues involving the payment of hotel occupancy taxes. We continue to defend these lawsuits vigorously. With respect to the principal claims in these matters, we believe that the ordinances at issue do not apply to the services we provide, namely the facilitation of hotel reservations, and, therefore, that we do not owe the taxes that are claimed to be owed. We believe that the ordinances at issue generally impose occupancy and other taxes on entities that own, operate or control hotels (or similar businesses) or furnish or provide hotel rooms or similar accommodations.
Recent developments include:
| City of Atlanta, Georgia Litigation. On September 30, 2013, the court granted summary judgment in favor of the online travel companies on all of the citys remaining common law claims. |
29
| Leon County, Florida et al. Litigation. On September 10, 2013, the Florida Supreme Court informed the parties that it will review the decision of the court of appeals that affirmed the trial courts decision that online travel companies are not liable for hotel occupancy taxes. |
| Leon County v. Expedia Inc., Florida Department of Revenue Litigation. On August 16, 2013, the court of appeals affirmed the trial court ruling that Leon County does not have standing to seek recovery of state taxes for hotel occupancy. The county has sought review by the Florida Supreme Court. |
| Hawaii Tax Court Litigation. The Hawaii Department of Taxation filed an appeal of the tax court decision regarding transient accommodations tax, and the online travel companies filed an appeal of the tax court decision regarding general excise tax. |
| Montgomery County, Maryland Litigation. The parties have reached a settlement in principle. |
| City of Columbia, South Carolina, et al. Litigation. The city of Columbia, South Carolina on behalf of itself and other similarly situated local government entities has filed a lawsuit against the online travel companies for recovery of hotel occupancy taxes. |
| State of New Hampshire Litigation. The State of New Hampshire has filed a lawsuit against a number of online travel companies alleging tax, consumer protection and tort claims. |
For additional information on these and other legal proceedings, see Part II, Item 1, Legal Proceedings.
We have established a reserve for the potential settlement of issues related to hotel occupancy tax litigation, consistent with applicable accounting principles and in light of all current facts and circumstances, in the amount of $43 million as of September 30, 2013, which includes amounts expected to be paid in connection with the developments described above, and $35 million as of December 31, 2012. In addition, as of September 30, 2013, we had an accrual totaling $1 million related to court decisions and final settlements.
Certain jurisdictions may require us to pay tax assessments, including occupancy tax assessments, prior to contesting any such assessments. This requirement is commonly referred to as pay-to-play. Payment of these amounts is not an admission by the taxpayer that it believes it is subject to such taxes. During 2009, we expensed $48 million related to monies paid in advance of litigation in occupancy tax proceedings with the city of San Francisco. The city of San Francisco has issued additional assessments of tax, penalties and interest for the time period from the fourth quarter of 2007 through the fourth quarter of 2011 against the online travel companies, including $22 million against Expedia, Hotels.com and Hotwire. The additional assessments, including the prepayment of such assessments, have been contested by the online travel companies. The city has agreed, subject to documentation, that this second assessment need not be paid and may be placed under a bond. During 2010, we expensed $3 million related to monies paid in advance of litigation in occupancy tax proceedings in the city of Santa Monica; these funds were returned to us by the city in December 2011 in exchange for a letter of credit. The online travel companies subsequently prevailed in the litigation and the letter of credit in favor of the city has been voided. Hotels.com is currently under audit by the State of Texas, which imposes a pay-to-play requirement to challenge an adverse audit result in court.
We do not believe that the amounts we retain as compensation are subject to the cities hotel occupancy tax ordinances. If we prevail in the litigation, for which a pay-to-play payment was made, the jurisdiction collecting the payment will be required to repay such amounts, plus interest. However, any significant pay-to-play payment or litigation loss could negatively impact our liquidity.
Certain jurisdictions, including the states of New York, North Carolina, Minnesota and Oregon, the city of New York, and the District of Columbia, have enacted legislation seeking to tax online travel company services as part of sales taxes for hotel occupancy. We are currently remitting taxes to the city of New York, the state of New York, the state and local jurisdictions of South Carolina, the State of Minnesota, the District of Columbia, and the state and local jurisdictions of Georgia and Anne Arundel, Maryland.
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Other Tax Litigation
Hawaii Tax Court Litigation (General Excise Tax). On January 11, 2013, the Hawaii tax court ruled that certain online travel companies, including Expedia, Hotels.com and Hotwire (the Expedia Subsidiaries), are obligated to remit past Hawaii general excise taxes with interest, which the Hawaii Director of Taxation has claimed totals $110 million for the Expedia Subsidiaries, comprised of $78 million relating to tax liability from January 2000 to December 2011 and $32 million in interest from January 2000 to December 2012. On March 15, 2013, the Hawaii tax court issued penalties against the online travel companies. Under this ruling, the state is seeking penalties and interest totaling $60 million against the Expedia Subsidiaries, representing 50% of the Expedia Subsidiaries tax liability plus interest thereon. On April 22, 2013, the Hawaii Supreme Court denied the online travel companies petition for mandamus requesting review of the tax courts ruling that online travel companies must remit tax on gross bookings and therefore subject the hotels charge for the room to double taxation. On August 12, 2013, the tax court held that the online travel companies are also liable for interest on penalties. On September 11, 2013, the online travel companies filed a notice of appeal. In addition, on May 20, 2013, the state issued final assessments against the online travel companies, including the Expedia Subsidiaries, for general excise taxes that the state claims are due for the year 2012. The total of these assessments against the Expedia Subsidiaries is $20.5 million.
During the year ended December 31, 2012, we expensed $110 million, and during the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we expensed an additional $64 million for amounts required or expected to be paid prior to appealing the tax courts ruling. During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we paid $171 million in advance of litigation, which included $18 million for interest on penalties paid during the third quarter of 2013. It is also reasonably possible that we will incur amounts in excess of the amounts expensed, which we estimate could be up to $22 million. The ultimate resolution of these contingencies may be greater or less than the liabilities recorded and our estimate of possible additional assessments.
Segments
We have two reportable segments: Leisure and Egencia. Our Leisure segment provides a full range of travel and advertising services to our worldwide customers through a variety of brands including: Expedia.com and Hotels.com in the United States and localized Expedia and Hotels.com websites throughout the world, EAN, Hotwire.com, Venere, eLong, trivago and Classic Vacations. Our Egencia segment provides managed travel services to corporate customers in North America, Europe, and the Asia Pacific region.
Operating Metrics
Our operating results are affected by certain metrics, such as gross bookings and revenue margin, which we believe are necessary for understanding and evaluating us. Gross bookings represent the total retail value of transactions booked for both agency and merchant transactions, recorded at the time of booking reflecting the total price due for travel by travelers, including taxes, fees and other charges, and are generally reduced for cancellations and refunds. As travelers have increased their use of the internet to book travel arrangements, we have generally seen our gross bookings increase, reflecting the growth in the online travel industry, our organic market share gains and our business acquisitions. Revenue margin is defined as revenue as a percentage of gross bookings.
Gross Bookings and Revenue Margin
Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | % Change | 2013 | 2012 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||
($ in millions) | ($ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Gross Bookings |
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Leisure |
$ | 9,312 | $ | 8,120 | 15 | % | $ | 26,909 | $ | 23,804 | 13 | % | ||||||||||||
Egencia |
1,125 | 936 | 20 | % | 3,429 | 2,630 | 30 | % | ||||||||||||||||
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Total gross bookings |
$ | 10,437 | $ | 9,056 | 15 | % | $ | 30,338 | $ | 26,434 | 15 | % | ||||||||||||
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Revenue Margin |
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Leisure |
14.1 | % | 13.8 | % | 12.4 | % | 12.0 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Egencia |
7.6 | % | 8.3 | % | 7.9 | % | 7.8 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Total revenue margin |
13.4 | % | 13.2 | % | 11.9 | % | 11.6 | % |
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The increase in worldwide gross bookings for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, as compared to the same periods in 2012, was primarily driven by Brand Expedia, Hotels.com and eLong and, to a lesser extent, an increase in air tickets sold.
The increase in revenue margin for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, as compared to the same periods in 2012, was primarily due to a favorable mix shift to our higher margin products, including advertising and media revenue as well as hotel revenue, partially offset by lower revenue per room on our hotel product.
Results of Operations
Revenue
Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | % Change | 2013 | 2012 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||
($ in millions) | ($ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue by Segment |
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Leisure |
$ | 1,317 | $ | 1,121 | 17 | % | $ | 3,350 | $ | 2,849 | 18 | % | ||||||||||||
Egencia |
85 | 78 | 10 | % | 269 | 206 | 31 | % | ||||||||||||||||
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Total revenue |
$ | 1,402 | $ | 1,199 | 17 | % | $ | 3,619 | $ | 3,055 | 18 | % | ||||||||||||
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Revenue increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to the same periods in 2012, primarily due to an increase in worldwide hotel revenue as well as advertising and media revenue within our Leisure segment. Acquisitions added approximately 6% to the period-over-period growth rates in total revenue for both the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013.
Worldwide hotel revenue increased 11% and 15% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to the same periods in 2012. The increases were primarily due to a 20% and 22% increase in room nights stayed due to the continued momentum at eLong and Brand Expedia, partially offset by a 7% and 6% decrease in revenue per room night. Revenue per room night decreased for both periods primarily due to continued hotel mix shift to Asia Pacific, efforts to expand our global supply portfolio, including contracts signed as part of our ETP program, and promotional activities such as couponing and growing our loyalty programs membership.
Worldwide air revenue increased 16% and 13% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to the same periods in 2012, due to a 7% and 8% increase in air tickets sold and a 9% and 5% increase in revenue per air ticket. The increase in air ticket sold was due to growth in air ticket volumes at Brand Expedia and Egencia.
The remaining worldwide revenue, other than hotel and air discussed above, increased by 44% and 37% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to the same periods in 2012, primarily due to strong growth in advertising and media revenue generated by trivago. In addition, the growth for the year-to-date period was also impacted by a growth in fees related to our corporate travel business as a result of the VIA Travel acquisition.
In addition to the above segment and product revenue discussion, our revenue by business model is as follows:
Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | % Change | 2013 | 2012 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||
($ in millions) | ($ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Revenue by Business Model |
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Merchant |
$ | 963 | $ | 929 | 4 | % | $ | 2,550 | $ | 2,319 | 10 | % | ||||||||||||
Agency |
330 | 235 | 40 | % | 834 | 638 | 31 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Advertising and media |
109 | 35 | 214 | % | 235 | 98 | 139 | % | ||||||||||||||||
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Total revenue |
$ | 1,402 | $ | 1,199 | 17 | % | $ | 3,619 | $ | 3,055 | 18 | % | ||||||||||||
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Merchant revenue increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to the same periods in 2012, primarily due to the increase in merchant hotel revenue driven by an increase in room nights stayed.
Agency revenue increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to the same periods in 2012, primarily due to the growth in agency hotel. Growth in our corporate travel business also drove the increase for the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
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Advertising and media revenue increased for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to the same periods in 2012, primarily due to our acquisition of trivago.
Cost of Revenue
Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | % Change | 2013 | 2012 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||
($ in millions) | ($ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Customer operations |
$ | 123 | $ | 120 | 4 | % | $ | 371 | $ | 330 | 12 | % | ||||||||||||
Credit card processing |
96 | 80 | 20 | % | 266 | 212 | 25 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Data center and other |
57 | 44 | 27 | % | 153 | 131 | 17 | % | ||||||||||||||||
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Total cost of revenue |
$ | 276 | $ | 244 | 13 | % | $ | 790 | $ | 673 | 17 | % | ||||||||||||
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% of revenue |
19.7 | % | 20.3 | % | 21.8 | % | 22.0 | % |
Cost of revenue primarily consists of (1) customer operations, including our customer support and telesales as well as fees to air ticket fulfillment vendors, (2) credit card processing, including merchant fees, charge backs and fraud, and (3) other costs, primarily including data center costs to support our websites, destination supply, and stock-based compensation.
During the three months ended September 30, 2013, the increase in cost of revenue expense was driven by $16 million of higher net credit card processing costs, including fraud and charge backs, related to our merchant bookings as well as a $13 million increase in data center and other costs due to an increase in bad debt expense as well as higher headcount costs and professional fees for LPS.
During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, the increase in cost of revenue expense was primarily driven by higher net credit card processing costs, including fraud and charge backs, related to our merchant bookings of $54 million. In addition, higher customer operations expenses drove an additional $41 million of the increase, of which higher headcount costs related to our VIA Travel acquisition as well as our global customer organizations accounted for over 80% of the total increase.
Selling and Marketing
Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | % Change | 2013 | 2012 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||
($ in millions) | ($ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Direct costs |
$ | 507 | $ | 402 | 26 | % | $ | 1,361 | $ | 1,028 | 32 | % | ||||||||||||
Indirect costs |
118 | 104 | 14 | % | 351 | 299 | 17 | % | ||||||||||||||||
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Total selling and marketing |
$ | 625 | $ | 506 | 24 | % | $ | 1,712 | $ | 1,327 | 29 | % | ||||||||||||
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% of revenue |
44.6 | % | 42.2 | % | 47.3 | % | 43.4 | % |
Selling and marketing expense primarily relates to direct costs, including traffic generation costs from search engines and internet portals, television, radio and print spending, private label and affiliate program commissions, public relations and other costs. The remainder of the expense relates to indirect costs, including personnel and related overhead in our global supply organization, Egencia and various Leisure brands and stock-based compensation costs.
Selling and marketing expenses increased $119 million and $385 million during the three months ended September 30, 2013, compared to the same periods in 2012, driven by increases of $105 million and $333 million of direct costs, including online and offline marketing expenses. trivago and Brand Expedia accounted for the majority of the total direct cost increases for both periods as well as higher online and offline marketing spend at Hotels.com during the year-to-date period. In addition, higher personnel expenses of $14 million and $52 million also contributed to the increase and were driven by the addition of trivago headcount as well as increased headcount in our supply organization, eLong and other transaction brands. The trivago acquisition added approximately 12% to year-on-year selling and marketing expense growth for the third quarter of 2013, and 9% of the growth for the year-to-date period.
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Technology and Content
Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | % Change | 2013 | 2012 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||
($ in millions) | ($ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Personnel and overhead |
$ | 77 | $ | 66 | 16 | % | $ | 228 | $ | 191 | 19 | % | ||||||||||||
Depreciation and amortization of technology assets |
40 | 31 | 27 | % | 114 | 81 | 40 | % | ||||||||||||||||
Other |
27 | 29 | (3 | %) | 81 | 79 | 3 | % | ||||||||||||||||
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Total technology and content |
$ | 144 | $ | 126 | 14 | % | $ | 423 | $ | 351 | 21 | % | ||||||||||||
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% of revenue |
10.3 | % | 10.5 | % | 11.7 | % | 11.5 | % |
Technology and content expense includes product development and content expense, as well as information technology costs to support our infrastructure, back-office applications and overall monitoring and security of our networks, and is principally comprised of personnel and overhead, depreciation and amortization of technology assets including hardware, and purchased and internally developed software, and other costs including licensing and maintenance expense and stock-based compensation.
Technology and content expense increased $18 million and $72 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to the same periods in 2012, was primarily due to increased personnel and overhead costs of $11 million and $37 million for increased headcount to support key technology projects for our corporate technology function, Brand Expedia and supply organization as well as increased depreciation and amortization of technology assets of $9 million and $33 million.
General and Administrative
Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | % Change | 2013 | 2012 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||
($ in millions) | ($ in millions) | |||||||||||||||||||||||
Personnel and overhead |
$ | 59 | $ | 56 | 6 | % | $ | 178 | $ | 159 | 12 | % | ||||||||||||
Professional fees and other |
33 | 29 | 13 | % | 99 | 88 | 12 | % | ||||||||||||||||
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Total general and administrative |
$ | 92 | $ | 85 | 8 | % | $ | 277 | $ | 247 | 12 | % | ||||||||||||
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% of revenue |
6.6 | % | 7.1 | % | 7.6 | % | 8.1 | % |
General and administrative expense consists primarily of personnel-related costs, including our executive leadership, finance, legal and human resource functions as well as fees for external professional services including legal, tax and accounting, and other costs including stock-based compensation.
General and administrative expense increased $7 million and $30 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to the same periods in 2012, was due primarily to higher personnel and overhead expenses of $3 million and $19 million, of which additional headcount costs drove the majority of the total increases. In addition, professional fees and other increased $4 million and $11 million during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to the same periods in 2012 driven in large part by higher professional fees.
Amortization of Intangible Assets
Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | % Change | 2013 | 2012 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||
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Amortization of intangible assets |
$ | 19 | $ | 9 | 95 | % | $ | 50 | $ | 22 | 132 | % | ||||||||||||
% of revenue |
1.3 | % | 0.8 | % | 1.4 | % | 0.7 | % |
The increase in amortization of intangible assets during the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013 was due to amortization related to new business acquistions, including trivago in March 2013.
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Legal Reserves, Occupancy Tax and Other
Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | % Change | 2013 | 2012 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||
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Legal reserves, occupancy tax and other |
$ | 7 | $ | 2 | 198 | % | $ | 75 | $ | 5 | 1,287 | % | ||||||||||||
% of revenue |
0.5 | % | 0.2 | % | 2.1 | % | 0.2 | % |
Legal reserves, occupancy tax and other consists of changes in our reserves for court decisions and the potential and final settlement of issues related to hotel occupancy taxes, expenses recognized related to monies paid in advance of occupancy tax proceedings (pay-to-play) as well as certain other legal reserves.
For the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we recognized approximately $64 million for amounts paid or expected to be paid in advance of litigation related to penalties and interest in connection with Hawaiis general excise tax litigation.
Acquisition-related and other
During the nine months ended September 30, 2013, we recorded approximately $57 million of stock-based compensation to acquisition-related and other expense in connection with the trivago acquisition as well as $10 million related to the upfront consideration paid to settle a portion of an employee compensation plan of trivago. For additional information, see Note 3 Acquisitions and Dispositions in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.
Operating Income
Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | % Change | 2013 | 2012 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||
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Operating income |
$ | 239 | $ | 227 | 5 | % | $ | 227 | $ | 430 | (47 | %) | ||||||||||||
% of revenue |
17.0 | % | 18.9 | % | 6.3 | % | 14.1 | % |
Operating income increased for the three months ended September 30, 2013, compared to the same period in 2012, primarily due to a growth in revenue in excess of operating expenses. Operating income decreased for the nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to the same period in 2012, primarily due to charges related to the Hawaii general excise tax litigation and acquisition-related and other expenses as described above.
Interest Income and Expense
Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | % Change | 2013 | 2012 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||
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Interest income |
$ | 7 | $ | 8 | (14 | %) | $ | 20 | $ | 21 | (4 | %) | ||||||||||||
Interest expense |
(22 | ) | (22 | ) | (1 | %) | (65 | ) | (65 | ) | (0 | %) |
Interest income and interest expense was consistent for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, compared to the same periods in 2012.
Other, Net
Other, net changed from a loss of $8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2012 to a loss of $11 million for the three months ended September 30, 2013 primarily due to higher net foreign exchange rate losses of $4 million.
Other, net changed from a loss of $19 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2012 to a loss of $2 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2013. The fluctuation was primarily due to the change from net foreign exchange rate losses of $12 million in the prior period to net foreign exchange rate gains of $1 million in the current period as well as $7 million in lower equity method operating losses in the current period.
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Provision for Income Taxes
Three months ended September 30, | Nine months ended September 30, | |||||||||||||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | % Change | 2013 | 2012 | % Change | |||||||||||||||||||
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Provision for income taxes |
$ | 45 | $ | 36 | 25 | % | $ | 58 | $ | 70 | (18 | %) | ||||||||||||
Effective tax rate |
21.4 | % | 17.7 | % | 32.1 | % | 19.2 | % |
We determine our provision for income taxes for interim periods using an estimate of our annual effective rate. We record any changes to the estimated annual rate in the interim period in which the change occurs, including discrete tax items.
Our effective tax rate was 21.4% and 32.1% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2013, which was lower than the 35% federal statutory rate primarily due to estimated earnings in jurisdictions outside the United States where our effective rate is lower, offset by the recording of a valuation allowance related to foreign deferred tax assets, non-deductible stock-based compensation recorded in relation to the trivago acquisition and non-deductible penalties included in the Hawaii pay-to-play assessments.
The increase in the effective rate for the three months ended September 30, 2013 as compared to the same period in 2012 was primarily due to recording a valuation allowance related to foreign deferred tax assets in 2013, compared to releasing a valuation allowance related to foreign deferred tax assets in 2012. The increase in the effective rate for the nine months ended September 30, 2013 as compared to the same period in 2012 was primarily due to recording a valuation allowance related to foreign deferred tax assets as well as non-deductible charges in connection with the trivago acquisition and Hawaii pay-to-play assessments mentioned above, compared to releasing a valuation allowance related to foreign deferred tax assets in 2012.
Our effective tax rate was 17.7% and 19.2% for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2012, which was lower than the 35% federal statutory rate primarily due to estimated earnings in jurisdictions outside the United States, release of a valuation allowance related to foreign deferred tax assets, and to a lesser extent adjustments resulting from a reconciliation of the prior years income tax return to our provision for income taxes, partially offset by state income taxes.
Discontinued Operations, Net of Taxes
On December 20, 2011, following the close of trading on the Nasdaq Stock Market, we completed the spin-off of TripAdvisor, Inc. (TripAdvisor), which consisted of the domestic and international operations previously associated with our TripAdvisor Media Group, to Expedia stockholders. During the nine months ended September 30, 2012, we incurred a loss from early extinguishment of our 8.5% senior notes due 2016 (the 8.5% Notes) resulting directly from the spin-off of TripAdvisor. The pre-tax loss was approximately $38 million (or $24 million net of tax), which included an early redemption premium of $33 million and the write-off of $5 million of unamortized debt issuance and discount costs. This loss was recorded within discontinued operations in the first quarter of 2012, as that was the period in which the 8.5% Notes were legally extinguished.
Financial Position, Liquidity and Capital Resources
Our principal sources of liquidity are cash flows generated from operations; our cash and cash equivalents and short-term investment balances, which were $1.8 billion and $1.9 billion at September 30, 2013 and December 31, 2012, including $182 million and $132 million of cash and short-term investment balances held in wholly-owned foreign subsidiaries related to earnings indefinitely invested outside the United States as well as $304 million and $309 million of majority-owned subsidiaries, most of which is also indefinitely invested outside the United States; and our $1 billion revolving credit facility, which expires in November 2017. As of September 30, 2013, $981 million was available under the facility representing the total $1 billion facility less $19 million of outstanding stand-by letters of credit. The revolving credit facility bears interest based on the Companys credit ratings, with drawn amounts bearing interest at LIBOR plus 150 basis points, and the commitment fee on undrawn amounts at 20 basis points as of September 30, 2013.
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Our credit ratings are periodically reviewed by rating agencies. As of September 30, 2013, Moodys rating was Ba1 with an outlook of stable, S&Ps rating was BBB- with an outlook of stable and Fitchs rating was BBB- with an outlook of stable. Changes in our operating results, cash flows, financial position, capital structure, financial policy or capital allocations to share repurchase, dividends, investments and acquisitions could impact the ratings assigned by the various rating agencies. Should our credit ratings be adjusted downward, we may incur higher costs to borrow and/or limited access to capital markets, which could have a material impact on our financial condition and results of operations.
Under the merchant model, we receive cash from travelers at the time of booking and we record these amounts on our consolidated balance sheets as deferred merchant bookings. We pay our airline suppliers related to these merchant model bookings generally within a few weeks after completing the transaction, but we are liable for the full value of such transactions until the flights are completed. For most other merchant bookings, which is primarily our merchant hotel business, we generally pay after the travelers use and, in some cases, subsequent billing from the hotel suppliers. Therefore, generally we receive cash from the traveler prior to paying our supplier, and this operating cycle represents a working capital source of cash to us. As long as the merchant hotel business grows, we expect that changes in working capital related to merchant hotel transactions will positively impact operating cash flows. However, we are using both the merchant model and the agency model in many of our markets. If the merchant hotel model declines relative to our other business models that generally consume working capital such as agency hotel, managed corporate travel or media, or if there are changes to the merchant model or booking patterns which compress the time of receipts of cash from travelers to payment to suppliers, such as with mobile bookings via smartphones, our overall working capital benefits could be reduced, eliminated, or even reversed.
For example, we have continued to see positive momentum in the global roll out of the ETP program first launched in 2012. As this program continues to expand, and depending on relative supplier and traveler adoption rates and customer payment preferences, among other things, the scaling up of ETP will negatively impact near term working capital cash balances, cash flow, the relative liquidity during the transition and hotel revenue margins.
Seasonal fluctuations in our merchant hotel bookings affect the timing of our annual cash flows. During the first half of the year, hotel bookings have traditionally exceeded stays, resulting in much higher cash flow related to working capital. During the second half of the year, this pattern reverses and cash flows are typically negative. While we expect the impact of seasonal fluctuations to continue, merchant hotel growth rates, changes to the model or booking patterns, as well as changes in the relative mix of merchant hotel transactions compared with transactions in our working capital consuming businesses, including ETP, may counteract or intensify the anticipated seasonal fluctuations.
As of September 30, 2013, we had a deficit in our working capital of $1.0 billion, compared to a deficit of $368 million as of December 31, 2012. The change in deficit was primarily due to financing and investing activities, including business acquisitions and share repurchases during the nine months ended September 30, 2013.
We continue to invest in the development and expansion of our operations. Ongoing investments include but are not limited to improvements in infrastructure, which include our servers, networking equipment and software, release improvements to our software code, platform migrations and consolidation and search engine marketing and optimization efforts. Our future capital requirements may include capital needs for acquisitions, share repurchases, dividend payments or expenditures in support of our business strategy; thus reducing our cash balance and/or increasing our debt. Our capital expenditures for full year 2013 are expected to be above 2012 spending levels.
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Our cash flows are as follows:
Nine months ended September 30, | ||||||||||||
2013 | 2012 | $ Change | ||||||||||
(In millions) |