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May 16, 2013
WORLD GOLD COUNCIL Gold Demand Trends First quarter 2013 May 2013 Global first quarter gold demand of 963.0 tonnes was valued at US$50.5bn. Tonnage was 13% lower year-on-year as strong growth in consumer demand—for gold jewellery, bars and coin—was exceeded by substantial net outflows from gold ETFs. Read more. Gold demand by category in value Contents Executive summary 02 Global gold market— Contributors Louise Street louise.street@gold.org Johan Palmberg johan.palmberg@gold.org Juan Carlos Artigas juancarlos.artigas@gold.org Marcus Grubb Managing Director, Investment marcus.grubb@gold.org first quarter 2013 review 06 Jewellery 06 Investment 08 Technology 1 0 Central banks 11 Supply 12 Gold demand statistics 13 Appendix 21 Notes and definitions 25 Scan with your mobile device to access our research app for investors US$bn 80
Executive summary Q1 saw a strong resurgence in demand for gold jewellery, bars and coin; however, overall demand was down 13%. Outflows from ETFs accounted for the bulk of this decline; excluding these outflows overall demand grew year-on-year. India and China propelled growth in both jewellery and bar and coin demand once again, with both markets growing by at least 20%. Central bank demand exceeded 100 tonnes (t) for the seventh consecutive quarter, slightly below the exceptional pace of purchases throughout 2012. Technology demand contracted on further losses in bonding wire and continued erosion of dental demand. Gold Demand Trends 1 First quarter 2013 Table 1: Q1 2013 gold demand overview Tonnes US$mn Q1’12 Q1’13 5-year average Year on Year % change Q1’12 Q1’13 5-year average Year on Year % change Jewellery 490.8 551.0 500.5 12 26,677 28,907 20,126 8 Technology Investment 105.8 395.8 102.0 200.8 109.8 370.5 -4 -49 5,752 21,511 5,351 10,533 4,441 15,378 -7 -51 Total bar and coin demand 342.5 377.7 281.3 10 18,619 19,814 11,997 6 ETFs and similar products 53.2 -176.9 89.2—2,892 -9,281 3,380—Central bank net purchases 115.2 109.2 40.1 -5 6,259 5,730 2,344 -8 Gold demand 1,107.5 963.0 1,020.8 -13 60,199 50,521 42,289 -16 Source: Thomson Reuters GFMS, World Gold Council Activity in the global gold market during the first quarter was notable for the strength of demand at the consumer level (demand for gold bars and coins—so-called ‘retail’ investment products—as well as gold jewellery). The gold price in most currencies weakened during the course of Q1 and the broad pattern of demand for the quarter appears to have served as a precursor to the significant activity seen so far during Q2. However, average quarterly prices were generally higher than in Q1 2012, which suggests the rise in demand was not purely price-driven and the diverse drivers of demand during the quarter are covered in more detail in the first quarter review (page 6).
Consumers power jewellery Gold jewellery demand experienced a widespread resurgence in the first quarter, reaching a record high value of US$28.9bn as consumers across the globe made their presence felt. Economic, demographic and political factors were as important as the gold price in motivating consumers; a testament to the diversity of the drivers of gold demand. India and China—contributing a combined 62% of Q1 global jewellery demand—led the charge once more as the right conditions aligned themselves in both markets. Traditional first quarter seasonal strength in China, related to Chinese New Year purchasing, exceeded all previous peaks, marking a new record quarterly high. Demand was more pronounced due to a renewed confidence in China’s economic prospects and the removal of uncertainty created by the transfer of Chinese leadership during the closing months of 2012. India’s jewellery market benefited from a supportive environment created by: a good spring harvest and the associated impact on incomes among the all-important rural population; a dip in the local price of gold during February, as the rupee recovered some of the ground it lost to the US$ in 2012; and preparations commencing for the second quarter wedding season. Consequently, the negative impact of a rise in gold import duties in late January was, for the most part, eliminated by these positive factors. Although India and China were again the stand-out performers, jewellery demand improved appreciably in many other markets, most notably the US. The pattern of demand for global jewellery excluding India and China, displays a modest increase, indicative of a possible upturn in sentiment as economic concerns abate in the US; Middle Eastern markets continue their path of ‘normalisation’ following the political instability of recent years; and Russia’s middle class continues to grow. Chart 1: Year-on-year % change in total consumer demand in tonnes by region Note: Consumer demand comprises of jewellery and total bar and coin demand. Middle East and Turkey comprises of Saudi Arabia, Egypt, UAE, Other Gulf and Turkey; East Asia comprises of Indonesia, South Korea, Thailand and Vietnam. Source: Thomson Reuters GFMS, World Gold Council
Gold jewellery demand in the US recorded its first year-on-year increase since Q3 2005, the rate of decline having slowed markedly in the second half of 2012 (Chart 2). In value terms, global demand reached US$986mn; looking back over the historical data series, first quarter demand last exceeded this value in Q1 2008, prior to the nadir of the global financial crisis. While the top-end of the US jewellery market has been relatively impervious to the economic hardship of recent years, the mass retail and lower-end of the market has suffered considerably. Declining demand has been indicative of weak consumer sentiment against a background of relatively high unemployment, falling real wages and rising gold prices. The weakness has been further exacerbated by the reluctance of retailers to compromise on the quality of their product by offering lower carat items, although a shift to lighter weight pieces—decreasing the fine weight of gold in order to meet key price points—has been a noticeable trend. As economic sentiment improves, however, gold demand appears to be following suit. Lower-end jewellery demand appears to have experienced something of a paradigm shift in recent quarters as retailers in this space report a core demand for gold among their customer base. The fact that gold-plated silver items has been growing as a category is further indicative of a strong underlying desire for gold jewellery, which is highly negatively correlated to price in this segment of the market. As US data shows tentative improvements in consumer confidence and continued recovery in the housing market, gold jewellery demand may respond in kind. Informal reports that demand for children’s products was robust during the fourth quarter bodes well for the longer-term health of the jewellery market, helping as it may to establish an affinity for gold among future generations. Chart 2: US jewellery demand: inflection point? Gold jewellery demand in the US appears to be responding to improving economic sentiment. .with consumers generating the first year-on-year rise in demand for in more than seven years. Source: Thomson Reuters GFMS, World Gold Council
Gold investment embodies diversity Retail investors in India, China and the US were also at the forefront of investment demand during the first quarter, as evidenced by the strong rise in demand for gold bars and coins in those markets. Indeed, this was a trend that played out in a number of other markets across the globe during a quarter in which the fundamentals of gold as an investment asset reasserted themselves. We have, on previous occasions, discussed the dichotomous nature of the gold investment market—a theme that emerged more notably in the first quarter as the strong rise in demand for gold bars and coins contrasted sharply with sizable outflows from ETFs. The investment universe comprises many different elements within the two broad, general camps of ‘retail’ and ‘institutional’ investment. The differing behaviour of investors during the quarter—a period in which gold prices retreated from their recent peak—was highly indicative of the sometimes conflicting drivers of demand in these two segments. Investors at the retail level stepped up their demand for bars and coins throughout Q1 as the gold price corrected back from higher fourth quarter levels. The fundamental reasons for holding gold among this community are unchanged over time; they value gold for its role in preserving wealth and hedging against inflation over the long term. The Q1 price movement therefore presented this element of the market with a compelling opportunity to add to their investment holdings. In contrast, some institutional investors have a very different rationale for holding gold, adopting a shorter-term, more speculative approach. Among this group, a proportion of more opportunistic and ‘event-driven’ investors reacted to the Q1 price drop by selling their ETF holdings. This reaction may have been driven by several factors; profit-taking on long-held positions; loss-limitation on more recently initiated positions; a switch to other investment channels etc. The net result was a 176.9t net outflow from gold ETFs. However, it is worth bearing in mind that the Q1 outflow represented a decline of just 7% in total gold ETF holdings over the period and that some of the ETF redemptions already taking place may have been the result of the already-established general shift to equities. As of end-March, total ETF gold holdings accounted for just 1 % of the entire 175,000t above-ground stock of gold. The outflow from ETFs in the first quarter, while sizable and significant in its impact on the overall demand figures, represents an equally small proportion of the overall stock of gold held by private investors. The majority of these stocks have been built up over many years by investors focused on gold’s long-term fundamental investment characteristics, who continue to hold these positions for the same underlying reasons. This would also apply to some of the investors selling their ETF positions during the quarter; a proliferation of reports over recent weeks note a shift from ETFs into allocated metal accounts, which suggests that a proportion of these investors maintain their positive view on gold but prefer to express this in a different way. Chart 3: ETF gold holdings in tonnes by region to end Q1’13 Outflows of 176.9t during the first quarter represented a 7% decline in ETF holdings. ETF gold holdings account for just 1% of the total above-ground stock of gold. Note: Gold holdings are as reported by the ETF/ETC issuers. Where data is unavailable, holdings have been calculated using reported AUM numbers. Source: Bloomberg, Respective ETF/ETC providers, Thomson Reuters Datastream, World Gold Council
Global gold market—first quarter 2013 review Jewellery The fourth quarter recovery in the jewellery sector continued into the first quarter of this year. Global jewellery demand of 551t was worth a record US$28.9bn, surpassing the previous quarter’s record. Demand responded to a softening in the gold price and signs of economic recovery in a number of markets. India and China, the two major markets accounting for a combined 62% of global jewellery demand, generated year-on-year growth of 15% and 19% respectively. In China, gold jewellery demand surged to a record quarterly value of RMB60.3bn. Traditional Chinese New Year- related gold buying and gifting in January was augmented by a rebound in sentiment regarding the strength of the domestic economy. The change of the country’s leadership in the fourth quarter had also generated considerable caution among domestic consumers and the removal of this uncertainty further stimulated festive buying. The main thrust of demand centred on 24-carat jewellery, although demand for K-gold (18k) saw solid growth. First quarter Indian gold jewellery demand in value terms was worth Rs453.3bn—just 1% below the Q4 2012 record. The year-on-year improvement in tonnage is somewhat flattered by a relatively weak Q1 2012, but nonetheless the latest Q1 figure was 10% above the five-year quarterly average (145.0t). Demand growth was largely driven by rural households, whose incomes benefitted from a good late harvest. Furthermore, a 4% decline in the local gold price over the course of the quarter was well-timed to motivate jewellery purchases in preparation for the April wedding season. The US jewellery market appeared to reach an inflection point as Q1 jewellery demand posted its first year-on-year increase in more than seven years. Further positive signs of recovery in the US economy, coinciding with a correction in the gold price over the course of the quarter, created a positive environment for jewellery consumers. Within the heavily price- focused mass market, discount retailers re-introduced their offerings of gold pieces at key price points in recognition of solid underlying demand. Anecdotally, US consumers appear increasingly to be viewing gold jewellery through a quasi investment lens, with a focus on ‘heirloom’ pieces that can be gifted and passed on. The positive conditions of the US market were not replicated in other Western markets; Italy and the UK experienced a markedly different quarter. Demand in both markets contracted (by -12% and -7% respectively) to new lows due to difficult economic conditions and a continued shift both to lower carat gold jewellery and to silver and non-precious pieces. Russian jewellery demand of 17.3t was exactly in line with its five-year quarterly average. The numbers reflect a healthy appetite for gold among Russia’s growing middle class and increasing jewellery offerings designed to appeal to the younger generation, although a notable slowing of domestic economic growth may curb growth in the sector over the year ahead.
Jewellery demand across the Middle Eastern markets experienced a revival in the first quarter. Egyptian demand rallied 34% year-on-year, as the recent ‘normalisation’ towards pre-Arab spring levels continued. Growth in the UAE largely represented purchases of 22-carat gold among expat Indian consumers, while improvements in other markets across the region were predominantly indicative of a positive response to the declining gold price. Growth in jewellery demand in Turkey was price-driven. Demand of 16.5t, equivalent to TL1.5bn in value, was concentrated in February, coinciding with a notable dip in the local gold price, after a quiet January in which consumers had been waiting for a good buying opportunity. The smaller Asian markets, for the most part, displayed less of an appetite for gold jewellery. Indonesia was the exception as consumers bought into the price dip, expecting higher prices to return. In Japan, yen weakness pushed the local gold price to a record and made imported gold prohibitively expensive for the mass market. However, top-end consumers were relatively unaffected and demand in this segment was more stable. Demand contracted across the rest of the region, reflecting: weak consumer sentiment in South Korea; a shift to retail investment products in Thailand; lower disposable incomes and a shift to lower carat in Vietnam, where government controls also stifled imports. Chart 4: Global jewellery demand by region (Q1’12, Q1’13, 5-year average, tonnes) 0 A revival in consumer demand created strong growth in the jewellery sector. Q1 demand was 10% above its five-year quarterly average. Note: Rest of World includes Russia and ‘Other’ countries. Source: Thomson Reuters GFMS, World Gold Council
Investment The year-on-year decline in investment was solely attributable to the net outflows from ETFs, which obscured the strong rise in investment for gold bars and coins at the retail level. Total investment, inclusive of OTC investment and stock flows (which captures investment demand from the less transparent institutional elements of the market as well as being a statistical residual), was unchanged from Q1 2012. Demand for gold bars and coins surged during the first quarter, with the strongest growth seen in the coin segment. India, China and the US together generated much of the increase; these three markets combined accounted for 60% of the total. Demand for bars and coins was well above its five- year quarterly average. A well-documented decline in gold ETF holdings among a group of more speculative investors resulted in a sizable quarterly net outflow from that sector, which outweighed the growth in bar and coin demand. The ETF sales reversed around two-thirds of 2012 ETF demand, accounting for around 7% of the total AUM of gold ETFs. Positive OTC investment and stock flows of 120t soaked up some of the ETF outflows as investors apparently shifted their positions into allocated metal accounts. This element of demand also reflected strong bargain hunting among investors as well as advanced purchases of bullion from jewellery traders and retailers, both of which were drawn out as the price declined. China posted a new record for quarterly investment in gold bars and coins as positive seasonal factors worked in tandem with gold’s enduring investment appeal. Demand grew to 109.5t, compared with a five-year quarterly average of 43.8t. Chinese New Year festivities fuelled buying in January, but demand was supported throughout the rest of the quarter as Chinese investors, discouraged by the weak domestic stock market, increasingly relied on gold to fulfil their investment needs. The announcement in February of impending controls to be placed on the property market further emphasise gold’s investment properties going forward. Within the Greater China region, Hong Kong and Taiwan contributed to the increase in global bar and coin demand, with strong interest in the Taiwanese Gold passbook accounts driving growth in that market. Chart 5: Investment demand by category in tones
Investment demand in India was up 52% on year-earlier levels. Again, the comparison is being made against a fairly weak Q1 2012 (a period of market disruption due to currency volatility and the introduction of import duties on gold), but the quarter also compares favourably with the 71.2t five-year quarterly average. Gold bars and coins continued to attract solid interest among Indian investors. An increase in import duties in January (from 4% to 6%) failed to take the wind out of the market’s sails; the Indian market was well prepared and stock- building during Q4 ensured a decent level of trade inventories heading into the first quarter. These stocks were depleted following the tax rise in late January as demand gathered pace with investors making the most of the decline in the local gold price during February. US investment in bars and coins jumped in the first quarter, after slowing notably during 2012. As the gold price corrected lower from its Q4 peak, investors seized the opportunity to add to their holdings, generating healthy demand for gold coins in particular. The US mint reported substantial sales of American Eagle coins in nearly all denominations (half ounce coins were the exception in comparison with a very strong Q1 2012). European investment slowed notably, slipping to the lower bound of its five-year range. The emphasis across the region was on a drop in gross buying rather than there being any evidence of substantial profit-taking. A lack of fresh impetus to drive investment growth reflected something of a hiatus in the European sovereign debt crisis story. A surge in investment bumped Thailand to the third largest market for gold bars and coins in Q1. Thailand was alone among the other east Asian markets in seeing higher levels of investment demand. Decent gross investment in Japan was outweighed by hefty selling-back, primarily among the older generation who were tempted to take profits on their long- held investments at record local prices. Vietnamese investors struggled to gain access to gold as state restrictions pushed premiums prohibitively high and subdued inflation reduced a key incentive among Vietnamese investors. Investment across the Middle East was little changed as investors were pulled in different directions; some took advantage of lower prices, while others waited for a deeper correction before adding to their holdings. In Turkey, investment demand was below year-earlier levels, largely due to softer demand for gold coins. The weaker number reflected a hesitancy among Turkish consumers as the dip in gold prices during February undermined price expectations. Many chose to postpone their purchases until the price rebounded; this occurred in March and investors duly stepped up their demand.
Chart 6: Global bar and coin demand by region (Q1’12, Q1’13, 5-year average, tonnes) Lower prices helped drive demand for gold bars and coins in a number of markets, most notably India, China and the US Demand was very strong on a historical basis, 34% above its five-year average. Note: Rest of World includes the ‘Other’ countries. Source: Thomson Reuters GFMS, World Gold Council
Technology In the first quarter of 2013, demand for gold in the technology sector declined by 4% year-on-year to 102.0t. In value terms, demand was 7% lower at US$5.4bn. The sector was again hindered by weak consumer sentiment as the lack of recovery in Europe dampened consumer spending on new electrical and electronic products. Demand for gold used in electronics totalled 71.6t—a 3% year-on-year decline, although on a quarterly basis demand rose by 7%. Semiconductor fabrication was buffeted by economic headwinds and the consequent impact on consumer sentiment in key markets. However, this area of electronics is expected to grow given its usual positive correlation with global GDP growth, which is expected to normalise after slowing for two consecutive years. Rapid expansion of the tablet and smart phone markets are of particular benefit, while other areas of growth within the semiconductor segment are also worthy of note. In particular, micro electro-mechanical system (MEMS) pressure sensors, used for control and monitoring purposes in a myriad of applications, have seen their market share pick up significantly. Used widely in the automotive and fast-growing telephone handset space, this market is projected to reach US$1.7bn this year from US$1.5bn in 2012.3 Not all areas are buoyant however, as the output of personal computers (PCs) continues to decline. The continued contraction of gold’s share of the gold bonding wire market also contributed substantially to the decline in electronics demand. Estimates suggest that non-precious wires are now approaching 25% of the bonding wire market, with further attrition expected in coming years as copper and, more recently, aluminium and silver alloy-based wires are introduced to semi-conductors used in more advanced technologies, which were previously the domain of gold. Other industrial and decorative (OID) demand for gold recorded its sixth consecutive year-on-year decline, down 2% to 21.5t. A fragile economic environment in key markets suppressed demand for plating salts across East Asia. Rising demand for plated costume jewellery in India was balanced by a decline in jari thread, leaving demand in that market virtually unchanged. Italy was the one bright spot as healthy demand for plated luxury accessories accounted for the modest rise there, marking the start of a recovery in electro-forming. The long term declining trend in dental demand for gold showed no sign of abating in Q1; demand fell 12% to 8.8t. Much of the long run decline can be attributed to cost, with consumers switching to cheaper base metal alternatives. Improving techniques in the production of cosmetically- appealing ceramics has resulted in falling costs in that segment, which explains the rapid attrition of gold. Losses were seen in almost all markets, with sizable declines in US, Japanese, and European demand accounting for much of the fall. Chart 7: Technology demand by category in tonnes Tonnes 140 Technology demand has been broadly stable around 100 tonnes over the last six quarters. Dental demand continued to lose ground and bonding wire losses were noted in the electronics space. Source: Thomson Reuters GFMS, World Gold Council
Central banks Central banks added 109.2t of gold to their reserves in Q1 2013, the ninth consecutive quarter of net purchases. The sector accounted for 11 % of demand in the first quarter, worth US$5.7bn in value terms. The level of purchasing was 5% lower than year-earlier levels, but remained within the broad parameters of quarterly demand—between 70 and 160t—from the sector over the last two years. The steady level of buying confirmed that central banks and institutions continue to favour gold’s diversification benefits, as they reduce their portfolio allocations to US dollars and euro. This shift, and an analysis of the role that gold can play as a portfolio diversifier, is discussed in a recent World Gold Council research paper, Central bank diversification strategies: Rebalancing from the dollar and euro. Again during the first quarter, the central banks adding to their gold reserves were distributed widely around the globe, with volumes concentrated in emerging markets. Among the regular participants, Russia maintained as its well- documented programme of buying domestically produced gold, increasing its reserves by around 24t. Elsewhere, Ukraine and Kazakhstan continued to make modest incremental additions to reserves. Table 2: Top 40 reported official gold holdings (as at March 2013) Tonnes % of reserves 1 United States 8,133.5 76% 2 Germany 3,391.3 72% 3 IMF 2,814.0—4 Italy 2,451.8 72% 5 France 2,435.4 70% 6 China 1,054.1 2% 7 Switzerland 1,040.1 10% 8 Russia 981.6 10% 9 Japan 765.2 3% 10 Netherlands 612.5 59% 11 India 557.7 10% 12 ECB 502.1 33% 13 Taiwan 423.6 5% 14 Turkey 408.9 17% 15 Portugal 382.5 90% 16 Venezuela 365.8 65% 17 Saudi Arabia 322.9 2% 18 United Kingdom 310.3 15% 19 Lebanon 286.8 28% 20 Spain 281.6 29% Towards the end of the quarter, the Bank of Korea reported that it had added another 20t to its gold holdings during the month of February. The increase takes the bank’s total gold reserves to over 104t, placing it 34th in the world rankings table. Azerbaijan joined the ranks of countries whose central banks have increased their gold reserves. The central bank reported that it had purchased 3.0t during the quarter, via the state- owned Oil Fund, SOFAZ. SOFAZ, which is permitted to hold up to 5% of its portfolio in gold, has reported that it now owns around 18t. Indonesia was another newcomer to the group of central banks expanding their gold reserves. Bank Indonesia reported an addition of almost 3t of gold, as a result of two small purchases in December and January. This is the first time the Indonesian central bank has altered its gold holdings since making two significant sales totalling 23t in the second half of 2006. Sales of gold by the signatories to the Central Bank Gold Agreement (CBGA) were non-existent during the first quarter of the year. Cumulative sales under the third agreement are currently running at just under 200t, a fraction of the 1,600t that would have been permissible to date under the terms of the agreement. Disposals by non-CBGA signatories were also notable by their absence in the first quarter, with Mexico reporting a series of very marginal declines relating to trading activity. 21 Austria 280.0 55% 22 Belgium 227.4 40% 23 Philippines 192.7 12% 24 Algeria 173.6 4% 25 Thailand 152.4 4% 26 Singapore 127.4 2% 27 Sweden 125.7 10% 28 South Africa 125.1 13% 29 Mexico 124.2 4% 30 Kazakhstan 122.9 22% 31 Libya 116.6 5% 32 BIS 116.0—33 Greece 112.0 82% 34 Korea 104.4 2% 35 Romania 103.7 11% 36 Poland 102.9 5% 37 Australia 79.9 9% 38 Kuwait 79.0 11% 39 Indonesia 75.9 4% 40 Egypt 75.6 28%
For information on the methodology behind this data, as well as footnotes for specific countries, please see our table of Latest World Official Gold Reserves, at http://www.gold.org/government_affairs/gold_reserves/ Source: IMF, World Gold Council Download our research app for investors. 3 Source: iSuppli.
Supply At 1,051.6t, total gold supply was little changed in the first quarter. A modest year-on-year increase in Q1 mine production was countered by a decline of a similar magnitude in the supply of recycled gold with the net result that total supply grew by 1%. Mine production in Q1 2013 generated 688.0t of supply, 4% more than Q1 2012. Mine production continues to hold within the gently rising uptrend of the last four years; first quarter production was 2% above the five-year quarterly average of 671. 9t. A wide range of countries witnessed year-on-year increases in mine production, with the most notable year-on-year contribution coming from the Dominican Republic where Barrick’s Pueblo Viejo mine entered production in 2012. China also featured among the top contributors to mine production growth, with additional supply coming primarily from small- to mid-sized companies. Elsewhere, a number of mines contributed to growth in Canada and Brazil, while Goldcorp’s Penasquito in Mexico continued to ramp up production. On the other side of the equation, supply in Peru, Ghana and South Africa was lower year-on-year by between 2-3t each. Gross de-hedging by producers slightly outweighed fresh hedging during the quarter, generating a net 3.0t of de-hedging. Activity on both sides remains very muted, partly reflecting the small size of the outstanding global hedge book, which stood at around 120t at end-March. A 12-tonne hedge by Petropalovsk during the quarter was outweighed by deliveries into contracts by a number of other miners. The bias towards trivial levels of net de-hedging is expected to continue over the coming quarters as producers continue to show little appetite for fresh hedging beyond modest project finance-related hedging. The supply of recycled gold fell by 4% to 366.6t, the fourth consecutive year-on-year drop in this segment of supply. The reason for the decline was not primarily price- related, but instead a function of economic factors or continued shrinkage in the available supply of gold. Recycling in European markets contracted sharply, mostly as near-market supplies of old gold virtually dried up. This contrasted with a surge of supply in Japan, where the record local price encouraged profit-taking, particularly among the older generation. Elsewhere, recycling supply declined across a number of markets in South East Asia and the Middle East. Chart 8: Quarterly supply in tonnes Q1’10 Q3’10 Ql’11 Q3’11 Q1’12 Q3’12 Q1’13 Mine production Net producer hedging Recycled gold Recycling activity contracted by 4%—its fourth consecutive year-on-year decline. Total supply was little changed, 1% higher year-on-year. Source: Thomson Reuters GFMS, World Gold Council
Gold demand statistics Table 3: Gold demand (tonnes) 2011 2012 Q2’11 Q3’11 Q4’11 Q4’12 Q1’13 Q1’13 vs Q1’12 % chg 4-quarter % chg Share of total % Jewellery 1,975.1 1,895.4 491.0 457.0 472.5 420.8 462.1 521.7 551.0 12 2 57 Technology 451.7 407.5 118.2 115.2 103.4 105.8 103.3 102.1 96.2 102.0 -4 -9 11 Electronics 319.9 284.5 84.1 82.7 72.7 73.8 71.4 72.3 67.0 71.6 -3 -10 7 Other industrial 88.9 84.4 23.2 22.1 20.3 22.0 22.1 20.5 19.9 21.5 -2 -4 2 Dentistry 42.9 38.6 10.8 10.5 10.4 10.0 9.8 9.3 9.4 8.8 -12 -11 1 Investment 1,698.5 1,525.8 389.9 507.1 461.6 395.8 284.1 422.0 423.9 200.8 -49 -24 21 Total bar and coin demand 1,513.4 1,246.7 335.8 419.8 357.2 342.5 284.1 284.2 335.8 377.7 10 -12 39 Physical bar demand 1,180.4 935.8 260.6 325.3 280.4 263.2 209.9 210.5 252.1 284.4 8 -15 30 Official coin 245.2 197.5 50.2 74.5 58.7 52.8 51.4 43.9 49.4 62.6 18 -12 6 Medals/imitation coin 87.8 113.4 25.0 20.0 18.1 26.5 22.8 29.7 34.3 30.8 16 31 3 ETFs and similar products 185.1 279.0 54.1 87.4 104.4 53.2 0.0 137.8 88.1 -176.9 —84—Central bank net purchases 456.8 533.2 66.2 140.8 112.8 115.2 161.4 110.2 146.4 109.2 -5 21 11 Gold demand 4,582.1 4,361.9 1,065.4 1,220.2 1,150.2 1,107.5 969.7 1,096.4 1,188.2 963.0 -13 -7 100 London PM fix (US$/oz) 1,571.5 1,669.0 1,506.1 1,702.1 1,688.0 1,690.6 1,609.5 1,652.0 1,721.8 1,631.8 -3 0 Provisional. Percentage change, 12 months ended March 2013 vs 12 months ended March 2012. For a listing of the Exchange Traded Funds and similar products, please see the Notes and definitions. Source: Thomson Reuters Datastream, Thomson Reuters GFMS, World Gold Council Table 4: Gold demand (US$mn) 2011 2012 Q2’11 Q3’11 Q4’11 Q1’12 Q2’12 Q3’12 Q4’12 Q1’131 Q1’13 vs Q1’12 % chg 4-quarter % chg2 Jewellery 99,794 101,708 23,777 25,007 25,641 26,677 21,775 24,543 28,882 28,907 8 3 Technology 22,823 21,865 5,722 6,306 5,611 5,752 5,348 5,423 5,325 5,351 -7 -8 Electronics 16,164 15,266 4,075 4,523 3,946 4,010 3,696 3,841 3,708 3,759 -6 -9 Other industrial 4,493 4,530 1,125 1,207 1,103 1,196 1,142 1,087 1,100 1,130 -6 -4 Dentistry 2,166 2,069 523 576 563 546 509 495 518 462 -15 -10 Investment 85,816 81,871 18,881 27,752 25,050 21,511 14,702 22,411 23,468 10,533 -51 -24 Total bar and coin demand 76,466 66,898 16,260 22,972 19,384 18,619 14,703 15,095 18,591 19,814 6 -12 Physical bar demand 59,642 50,212 12,618 17,801 15,220 14,307 10,862 11,183 13,955 14,918 4 -15 Official coin 12,388 10,600 2,429 4,076 3,184 2,870 2,661 2,333 2,735 3,282 14 -12 Medals/imitation coin 4,436 6,086 1,212 1,094 980 1,442 1,180 1,579 1,901 1,614 12 33 ETFs and similar products3 9,350 14,973 2,621 4,780 5,666 2,892 -1 7,317 4,877 -9,281 —82 Central bank net purchases 23,081 28,609 3,207 7,708 6,121 6,259 8,353 5,855 8,102 5,730 -8 20 Gold demand 231,513 234,053 51,588 66,773 62,423 60,199 50,178 58,232 65,777 50,521 -16 -7
4-quarter % chg2 Investment 1,698.5 1,525.8 389.9 507.1 461.6 395.8 284.1 422.0 423.9 200.8 -49 -24 Total bar and coin demand 1,513.4 1,246.7 335.8 419.8 357.2 342.5 284.1 284.2 335.8 377.7 10 -12 Physical bar demand 1,180.4 935.8 260.6 325.3 280.4 263.2 209.9 210.5 252.1 284.4 8 -15 Official coin 245.2 197.5 50.2 74.5 58.7 52.8 51.4 43.9 49.4 62.6 18 -12 Medals/imitation coin 87.8 113.4 25.0 20.0 18.1 26.5 22.8 29.7 34.3 30.8 16 31 ETFs and similar products3 185.1 279.0 54.1 87.4 104.4 53.2 0.0 137.8 88.1 -176.9 —84 OTC investment and stock flows4 -83.8 45.8 58.7 -29.3 21.9 -75.0 114.1 56.5 -49.8 119.6 — Total investment 1,614.7 1,571.6 448.6 477.9 483.5 320.8 398.2 478.5 374.1 320.4 0 -9 Total investment US$mn 81,582 84,329 21,721 26,151 26,241 17,436 20,605 25,413 20,711 16,809 -4 -9 Provisional. Percentage change, 12 months ended March 2013 vs 12 months ended March 2012. For a listing of the Exchange Traded Funds and similar products, please see the Notes and definitions. For an explanation of OTC investment and stock flows, please see the Notes and definitions. Source: Thomson Reuters Datastream, Thomson Reuters GFMS, World Gold Council Table 6: Quarterly average price 2011 2012 Q1’12 Q2’12 Q3’12 Q4’12 Q1’13 Q1’13 vs Q1’12 % chg US$/oz 1,571.5 1,669.0 1,690.6 1,609.5 1,652.0 1,721.8 1,631.8 -3 €/oz 1,129.9 1,298.7 1,289.3 1,254.7 1,320.2 1,328.8 1,235.6 -4 £/oz 980.8 1,053.0 1,075.8 1,016.6 1,045.3 1,072.6 1,051.6 -2 CHF/kg 44,649.6 50,323.7 50,061.8 48,464.7 51,088.5 51,603.7 48,792.5 -3 ¥/g 4,015.8 4,278.2 4,312.8 4,144.4 4,174.8 4,478.6 4,834.7 12 Rs/10g 23,624.1 28,639.4 27,287.8 28,004.8 29,302.1 29,964.7 28,420.8 4 RMB/g 326.3 338.5 343.0 327.6 337.3 345.7 326.5 -5 TL/g 85.4 96.6 97.6 93.5 95.8 99.3 93.6 -4 Source: Thomson Reuters Datastream, World Gold Council
2011 2012 Q2j11 Q3j11 Q4’11 Q4’12 Q1’13 Q1’13 vs Q1’12 % chg 4-quarter % chg Supply Mine production 2,838.1 2,856.8 710.8 741.9 724.9 663.0 705.2 743.3 745.3 688.0 4 1 Net producer hedging 10.8 -39.8 14.3 3.7 -15.2 -1.3 -8.0 1.3 -31.8 -3.0 — Total mine supply 2,848.9 2,817.0 725.1 745.6 709.7 661.7 697.2 744.6 713.5 685.0 4 0 Recycled gold 1,649.4 1,590.7 407.9 460.5 422.3 382.8 389.0 433.3 385.6 366.6 -4 -6 Total supply 4,498.3 4,407.7 1,133.0 1,206.1 1,132.0 1,044.5 1,086.2 1,177.9 1,099.1 1,051.6 1 -2 Demand Fabrication Jewellery 1,975.1 1,895.4 500.0 472.2 432.3 502.7 423.2 487.1 482.4 520.0 3 0 Technology 451.7 407.5 118.2 115.2 103.4 105.8 103.3 102.1 96.2 102.0 -4 -9 Sub-total above fabrication 2,426.8 2,302.9 618.2 587.4 535.7 608.5 526.6 589.2 578.6 622.0 2 -1 Total bar and coin demand 1,513.4 1,246.7 335.8 419.8 357.2 342.5 284.1 284.2 335.8 377.7 10 -12 ETFs and similar 185.1 279.0 54.1 87.4 104.4 53.2 0.0 137.8 88.1 -176.9 —84 Central bank net purchases 456.8 533.2 66.2 140.8 112.8 115.2 161.4 110.2 146.4 109.2 -5 21 Gold demand 4,582.1 4,361.9 1,074.3 1,235.4 1,110.1 1,119.4 972.1 1,121.4 1 ,148.9 932.0 -17 -8 OTC investment and stock flows -83.8 45.8 58.7 -29.3 21.9 -75.0 114.1 56.5 -49.8 119.6 — Total demand 4,498.3 4,407.7 1,133.0 1,206.1 1,132.0 1,044.5 1,086.2 1,177.9 1,099.1 1,051.6 1 -2 London PM fix (US$/oz) 1,571.5 1,669.0 1,506.1 1,702.1 1,688.0 1,690.6 1,609.5 1,652.0 1,721.8 1,631.8 -3 0 Provisional. Percentage change, 12 months ended March 2013 vs 12 months ended March 2012. Jewellery fabrication. The quarterly data differ from those for jewellery consumption shown in Table 2. Fabrication is the first transformation of gold bullion into a semi-finished or finished product. Jewellery consumption is equal to fabrication plus/minus jewellery imports/exports plus/minus stocking/ de-stocking by distributors and manufacturers. On an annual basis, the consumption and fabrication data series will reconcile. Excluding any delta hedging of central bank options. This includes institutional investment (other than ETFs and similar), stock movements and other elements as well as any residual error. Source: Thomson Reuters Datastream, Thomson Reuters GFMS, World Gold Council. Data in the table are consistent with those published by Thomson Reuters GFMS in their Gold Survey but adapted to the World Gold Council’s presentation. Table 8: Indian supply estimates
Q1’12 Q1’13* Q1’13* vs Q1’12, % change Jewellery Total bar and coin invest Total Jewellery Total bar and coin invest Total Jewellery Total bar and coin invest Total India 138.3 63.8 202.1 159.5 97.0 256.5 15 52 27 Greater China 163.5 92.2 255.7 194.1 112.3 306.4 19 22 20 China 155.1 90.1 245.2 184.8 109.5 294.3 19 22 20 Hong Kong 6.4 0.5 6.9 7.1 0.6 7.7 11 10 11 Taiwan 2.0 1.6 3.6 2.2 2.2 4.4 10 38 22 Japan 4.1 -3.4 0.7 4.0 -4.3 -0.3 -2 — Indonesia 10.6 8.9 19.5 11.2 5.8 17.0 5 -35 -13 South Korea 3.8 0.9 4.7 3.4 0.7 4.1 -11 -22 -13 Thailand 1.7 31.3 33.0 1.6 35.9 37.5 -6 15 14 Vietnam 5.0 17.4 22.4 4.4 14.2 18.6 -12 -18 -17 Middle East 42.1 7.8 49.8 48.4 7.7 56.1 15 -1 13 Saudi Arabia 11.4 3.8 15.2 12.0 4.0 16.0 5 5 5 Egypt 9.4 0.5 9.8 12.6 0.5 13.0 34 4 33 UAE 16.8 2.7 19.5 19.4 2.5 21.9 15 -9 12 Other Gulf 4.5 0.8 5.3 4.5 0.8 5.3 1 -5 0 Turkey 15.4 15.3 30.7 16.5 11.1 27.6 7 -27 -10 Russia 16.7—16.7 17.3—17.3 4—4 USA 17.7 14.1 31.8 18.8 20.1 38.9 6 43 22 Europe ex CIS 6.2 65.9 72.2 5.6 47.5 53.1 -10 -28 -26 Italy 3.4—3.4 3.0—3.0 -12 —12 UK 2.9—2.9 2.7—2.7 -7 —7 France—0.8 0.8—0.3 0.3 —64 -64 Germany—21.3 21.3—18.7 18.7 —12 -12 Switzerland—26.7 26.7—14.2 14.2 —47 -47 Other Europe—17.1 17.1—14.3 14.3 —16 -16 Total above 425.0 314.2 739.2 484.7 348.0 832.7 14 11 13 Other 65.8 28.3 94.1 66.3 29.7 96.0 1 5 2 World total 490.8 342.5 833.3 551.0 377.7 928.7 12 10 11 *Provisional. Source: Thomson Reuters GFMS, World Gold Council
Q112 Q113* Q113* vs Q112, % change Jewellery Total bar and coin invest Total Jewellery Total bar and coin invest Total Jewellery Total bar and coin invest Total India 7,517 3,468 10,985 8,368 5,089 13,457 11 47 23 Greater China 8,887 5,011 13,899 10,184 5,889 16,073 15 18 16 China 8,430 4,897 13,327 9,695 5,745 15,440 15 17 16 Hong Kong 348 27 375 372 29 401 7 6 7 Taiwan 109 87 196 116 115 232 7 33 18 Japan 223 -185 38 211 -226 -15 -5 — Indonesia 576 484 1,060 585 304 889 2 -37 -16 South Korea 204 49 253 176 37 212 -14 -25 -16 Thailand 91 1,704 1,794 82 1,886 1,968 -9 11 10 Vietnam 269 946 1,215 229 745 974 -15 -21 -20 Middle East 2,286 422 2,708 2,541 404 2,945 11 -4 9 Saudi Arabia 622 207 828 629 210 839 1 2 1 Egypt 508 25 533 658 25 684 30 1 28 UAE 913 147 1,060 1,018 129 1,146 11 -12 8 Other Gulf 242 44 287 236 40 276 -3 -9 -4 Turkey 837 831 1,668 866 582 1,448 3 -30 -13 Russia 908—908 907—907 0—0 USA 964 767 1,730 986 1,054 2,041 2 38 18 Europe ex CIS 339 3,583 3,922 295 2,492 2,787 -13 -30 -29 Italy 182—182 155—155 -15 —15 UK 157—157 141—141 -10 —10 France—45 45—16 16 —65 -65 Germany—1,158 1,158—981 981 —15 -15 Switzerland—1,451 1,451—745 745 —49 -49 Other Europe—929 929—750 750 —19 -19 Total above 23,100 17,080 40,180 25,430 18,256 43,687 10 7 9 Other 3,576 1,539 5,115 3,477 1,557 5,034 -3 1 -2 World total 26,677 18,619 45,295 28,907 19,814 48,721 8 6 8 *Provisional. Source: Thomson Reuters Datastream, Thomson Reuters GFMS, World Gold Council
12 months ended Q1’12 12 months ended Q1’13* Year on Year % change Jewellery Total bar and coin invest Total Jewellery Total bar and coin invest Total Jewellery Total bar and coin invest Total India 558.1 328.8 886.9 573.2 345.4 918.6 3 5 4 Greater China 558.9 274.9 833.8 582.5 277.3 859.9 4 1 3 China 525.1 267.4 792.5 548.5 268.7 817.2 4 0 3 Hong Kong 26.9 1.9 28.7 27.0 2.0 29.0 0 10 1 Taiwan 7.0 5.7 12.6 7.1 6.6 13.7 2 17 8 Japan 16.6 -44.6 -28.0 17.4 -11.0 6.4 5 — Indonesia 30.8 28.4 59.2 31.4 19.0 50.4 2 -33 -15 South Korea 11.3 2.9 14.1 9.0 2.5 11.5 -21 -12 -19 Thailand 3.5 105.7 109.2 2.9 82.7 85.6 -17 -22 -22 Vietnam 12.4 91.0 103.4 10.8 62.2 73.0 -13 -32 -29 Middle East 159.4 33.5 193.0 159.8 30.5 190.4 0 -9 -1 Saudi Arabia 53.4 17.5 70.9 47.7 16.5 64.2 -11 -6 -10 Egypt 34.7 2.2 36.9 42.9 2.1 44.9 24 -6 22 UAE 53.1 10.8 63.9 52.4 9.3 61.7 -1 -14 -3 Other Gulf 18.2 3.0 21.3 16.9 2.7 19.6 -7 -11 -8 Turkey 66.5 70.9 137.4 62.6 43.8 106.4 -6 -38 -23 Russia 66.4—66.4 70.2—70.2 6—6 USA 113.7 77.1 190.8 109.5 59.4 168.9 -4 -23 -11 Europe ex CIS 49.3 357.2 406.5 43.0 257.6 300.6 -13 -28 -26 Italy 27.0—27.0 21.9—21.9 -19 —19 UK 22.3—22.3 21.1—21.1 -5 —5 France—6.9 6.9—2.4 2.4 —65 -65 Germany—142.9 142.9—107.1 107.1 —25 -25 Switzerland—114.7 114.7—68.0 68.0 —41 -41 Other Europe—92.7 92.7—80.1 80.1 —14 -14 Total above 1,646.9 1,325.7 2,972.6 1,672.3 1,169.4 2,841.7 2 -12 -4 Other 264.3 129.6 393.9 283.4 112.5 395.8 7 -13 0 World total 1,911.3 1,455.3 3,366.5 1,955.6 1,281.9 3,237.5 2 -12 -4 *Provisional. Source: Thomson Reuters GFMS, World Gold Council
12 months ended Q1’12 12 months ended Q1’13* Year on Year % change Jewellery Total bar and coin invest Total Jewellery Total bar and coin invest Total Jewellery Total bar and coin invest Total India 29,308 17,212 46,520 30,514 18,449 48,963 4 7 5 Greater China 29,753 14,635 44,388 30,991 14,733 45,724 4 1 3 China 27,965 14,236 42,201 29,184 14,273 43,456 4 0 3 Hong Kong 1,421 98 1,519 1,432 108 1,540 1 10 1 Taiwan 367 301 668 376 352 727 2 17 9 Japan 879 -2,375 -1,496 923 -593 330 5 — Indonesia 1,645 1,508 3,153 1,666 1,010 2,676 1 -33 -15 South Korea 601 150 751 474 132 606 -21 -12 -19 Thailand 186 5,650 5,835 153 4,379 4,533 -17 -22 -22 Vietnam 658 4,874 5,532 570 3,309 3,879 -13 -32 -30 Middle East 8,383 1,783 10,166 8,477 1,626 10,103 1 -9 -1 Saudi Arabia 2,791 929 3,720 2,525 879 3,404 -10 -5 -8 Egypt 1,840 118 1,957 2,282 111 2,393 24 -6 22 UAE 2,788 574 3,363 2,773 493 3,266 -1 -14 -3 Other Gulf 964 162 1,126 896 143 1,040 -7 -11 -8 Turkey 3,493 3,773 7,265 3,304 2,308 5,612 -5 -39 -23 Russia 3,522—3,522 3,740—3,740 6—6 USA 6,062 4,072 10,134 5,866 3,160 9,027 -3 -22 -11 Europe ex CIS 2,620 19,076 21,697 2,319 13,699 16,018 -12 -28 -26 Italy 1,432—1,432 1,178—1,178 -18 —18 UK 1,188—1,188 1,141—1,141 -4 —4 France—371 371—128 128 —65 -65 Germany—7,653 7,653—5,690 5,690 —26 -26 Switzerland—6,125 6,125—3,622 3,622 —41 -41 Other Europe—4,927 4,927—4,259 4,259 —14 -14 Total above 87,110 70,358 157,468 88,997 62,213 151,210 2 -12 -4 Other 13,992 6,876 20,867 15,110 5,990 21,100 8 -13 1 World total 101,102 77,234 178,336 104,107 68,203 172,310 3 -12 -3 *Provisional. Source: Thomson Reuters Datastream, Thomson Reuters GFMS, World Gold Council
Historical data for gold demand Tonnes US$bn Jewellery Total bar and coin invest ETFs and similar Technology Central banks Total Jewellery Total bar and coin invest ETFs and similar Technology Central banks Total 2003 2,484 304—386 -620 2,594 29.0 3.6—4.5 -7.2 30.3 2004 2,616 355 133 419 -479 3,044 34.4 4.7 1.7 5.5 -6.3 40.0 2005 2,719 396 208 438 -663 3,098 38.9 5.7 3.0 6.3 -9.5 44.3 2006 2,300 416 260 468 -365 3,079 44.6 8.1 5.1 9.1 -7.1 59.8 2007 2,423 438 253 476 -484 3,107 54.2 9.8 5.7 10.6 -10.8 69.5 2008 2,304 872 321 461 -235 3,723 64.6 24.4 9.0 12.9 -6.6 104.4 2009 1,816 783 623 410 -34 3,598 56.8 24.5 19.5 12.8 -1.0 112.5 2010 2,020 1,208 382 465 77 4,153 79.5 47.5 15.0 18.3 3.0 163.5 2011 1,975 1,513 185 452 457 4,582 99.8 76.5 9.4 22.8 23.1 231.5 2012 1,895 1,247 279 407 533 4,362 101.7 66.9 15.0 21.9 28.6 234.1 Q1’07 566 117 36 117 -72 764 11.8 2.4 0.8 2.4 -1.5 16.0 Q2’07 666 135 -3 119 -145 773 14.3 2.9 -0.1 2.6 -3.1 16.6 Q3’07 604 112 139 117 -170 804 13.2 2.5 3.1 2.6 -3.7 17.6 Q4’07 578 65 80 111 -97 737 14.6 1.6 2.0 2.8 -2.4 18.6 Q1’08 484 101 73 122 -76 703 14.4 3.0 2.2 3.6 -2.3 20.9 Q2’08 559 149 4 124 -68 770 16.1 4.3 0.1 3.6 -1.9 22.2 Q3’08 694 283 149 119 -76 1,169 19.4 7.9 4.2 3.3 -2.1 32.7 Q4’08 567 346 95 96 -12 1,092 14.5 8.8 2.4 2.5 -0.3 27.9 Q1’09 356 147 465 88 -62 994 10.4 4.3 13.6 2.6 -1.8 29.0 Q2’09 445 210 68 102 9 834 13.2 6.2 2.0 3.0 0.3 24.7 Q3’09 492 210 42 107 10 861 15.2 6.5 1.3 3.3 0.3 26.6 Q4’09 522 211 42 113 10 897 18.5 7.5 1.5 4.0 0.4 31.7 Q1’10 528 252 6 114 58 958 18.8 9.0 0.2 4.1 2.1 34.2 Q2’10 415 304 296 116 14 1,144 16.0 11.7 11.4 4.5 0.5 44.0 Q3’10 514 310 50 120 23 1,017 20.3 12.2 2.0 4.7 0.9 40.1 Q4’10 564 342 30 116 -17 1,034 24.8 15.0 1.3 5.1 -0.8 45.5 Q1’11 555 401 -61 115 137 1,146 24.7 17.9 -2.7 5.1 6.1 51.1 Q2’11 491 336 54 118 66 1,065 23.8 16.3 2.6 5.7 3.2 51.6 Q3’11 457 420 87 115 141 1,220 25.0 23.0 4.8 6.3 7.7 66.8 Q4’11 472 357 104 103 113 1,150 25.6 19.4 5.7 5.6 6.1 62.4 Q1’12 491 343 53 106 115 1,108 26.7 18.6 2.9 5.8 6.3 60.2 Q2’12 421 284 0 103 161 970 21.8 14.7 0.0 5.3 8.4 50.2 Q3’12 462 284 138 102 110 1,096 24.5 15.1 7.3 5.4 5.9 58.2 Q4’12 522 336 88 96 146 1,188 28.9 18.6 4.9 5.3 8.1 65.8 Q1’13 551 378 -177 102 109 963 28.9 19.8 -9.3 5.4 5.7 50.5 0FNTEXT See footnotes to Table 3.
Appendix Chart 9: Gold demand in tonnes and the gold price (US$/oz) Tonnes, US$/oz 1,800
Source: Thomson Reuters Datastream, Thomson Reuters GFMS, World Gold Council Source: Thomson Reuters Datastream, Thomson Reuters GFMS, World Gold Council
Chart 11: Gold demand by category in tonnes and the gold price (US$/oz) Tonnes 2,000
Source: Thomson Reuters Datastream, Thomson Reuters GFMS, World Gold Council Source: Thomson Reuters Datastream, Thomson Reuters GFMS, World Gold Council
Chart 12: Jewellery demand in tonnes and value (US$bn)
Tonnes
Chart 13: Holdings in Exchange Traded Funds (tonnes) and the gold price (US$/oz) Source: Thomson Reuters Datastream, Thomson Reuters GFMS, www.exchangetradedgold.com, World Gold Council
Chart 15: Jewellery demand in tonnes (Q1’13 vs Q4’12) Chart 16: Jewellery demand by
Chart 17: Jewellery demand in tonnes and value (US$bn) country in US$ (Q1’13 vs Q1’12, % change) % change
Source: Thomson Reuters GFMS, World Gold Council
Chart 19: Total bar and coin demand by category in tonnes Chart 20: Total bar and coin demand in tonnes (Q1’13 and Q4’12)
Tonnes
Source: Thomson Reuters GFMS, World Gold Council
Tonnes
Source: Thomson Reuters GFMS, World Gold Council
Chart 21: Total bar and coin demand in tonnes (Q1’13 and Q1’12)
Chart 24: Central bank contributions to demand in tonnes
% change Source: Thomson Reuters Datastream, World Gold Council
Chart 23: Q1’13 average gold price (% change)
Tonnes
Source: Thomson Reuters GFMS, World Gold Council
Notes and definitions All statistics (except where specified) are in weights of fine gold Not applicable or Not available Consumer demand The sum of jewellery and total bar and coin purchases for a country i.e. the amount of gold acquired directly by individuals. Dental The first transformation of raw gold into intermediate or final products destined for dental applications such as dental alloys. ETFs and similar products Exchange Traded Funds and similar products including: Gold Bullion Securities (London), Gold Bullion Securities (Australia), SPDR® Gold Shares (formerly streetTRACKS Gold Shares), NewGold Gold Debentures, iShares Comex Gold Trust, ZKB Gold ETF, GOLDIST, ETF Securities Physical Gold, ETF Securities (Tokyo), ETF Securities (NYSE), XETRA-GOLD, Julius Baer Physical Gold, Central Fund of Canada and Central Gold Trust, Swiss Gold, iShares Gold Bullion Fund (formerly Claymore Gold Bullion ETF), Sprott Physical Gold Trust, ETF Securities Glitter, Mitsubishi Physical Gold ETF, CS ETF II (formerly Credit Suisse Xmtch II) and Dubai Gold Securities. Fabrication Fabrication is the first transformation of gold bullion into a semi-finished or finished product. Jewellery All newly-made carat jewellery and gold watches, whether plain gold or combined with other materials. Excluded are: second-hand jewellery; other metals plated with gold; coins and bars used as jewellery; and purchases funded by the trading-in of existing jewellery. London PM fix Unless described otherwise, gold price values are based on the London PM fix. Mine production Formal and informal output. Net producer hedging This measures the impact in the physical market of mining companies’ gold forward sales, loans and options positions. Hedging accelerates the sale of gold, a transaction which releases gold (from existing stocks) to the market. Over time, hedging activity does not generate a net increase in the supply of gold. De-hedging, the process of closing out hedged positions, has the opposite impact and will reduce the amount of gold available to the market in any given quarter. Central bank net purchases Gross purchases less gross sales by central banks and other official institutions. Swaps and the effects of delta hedging are excluded. OTC investment and stock flows Partly a statistical residual, this data is largely reflective of demand in the opaque over-the-counter (OTC) market, with an additional contribution occasionally from changes to fabrication inventories. Physical bar demand Global investment in physical gold in bar form. Recycled gold (previously gold scrap) Gold sourced from old fabricated products which has been recovered and refined back into bars. Technology This captures all gold used in the fabrication of electronics, dental, medical, industrial, decorative and other technological applications, with electronics representing the largest component of this category. This includes gold destined for plating jewellery. Tonne 1,000 kg or 32,151 troy oz of fine gold. Total bar and coin demand This comprises individuals’ purchases of coins and bars, defined according to the standard adopted by the European Union for investment gold, but includes demand for coins and bars in both the western and non-western markets. Medallions of at least 99% purity, wires and lumps sold in small quantities are also included. In practice this includes the initial sale of many coins destined ultimately to be considered as numismatic rather than bullion. It excludes second-hand coins and is measured as net purchases. Total investment Represents the amalgamation of all components of investment demand, including all demand for physical bars and coins, demand for ETFs and similar products, and OTC investment and stock flows. Revisions to data All data may be subject to revision in the light of new information. Historical data Data covering a longer time period will be available on Bloomberg after initial publication of this report; alternatively, contact Thomson Reuters GFMS Ltd (+44 20 7369 7015; jadwiga.zajac@thomsonreuters.com).
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World Gold Council 10 Old Bailey, London EC4M 7NG United Kingdom E investment@gold.org T +44 20 7826 4700 F +44 20 7826 4799 W www.gold.org Published: May 2013 Diverse drivers of investment demand were in evidence during the first quarter; the volume of demand for small bars and coins was more than that of ETF outflows. Source: Thomson Reuters GFMS, World Gold Council
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