Filed Pursuant to Rule 424(b)(5)
Registration No. 333-177422

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT
(To prospectus dated November 2, 2011)

12,500,000 Shares

[GRAPHIC MISSING]

Common Stock



 

We are selling 12,500,000 shares of our common stock, par value $0.01 per share.

Our common stock trades on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “EDR.” On November 2, 2011, the last sale price of our common stock as reported on the New York Stock Exchange was $9.50 per share.

To assist us in continuing to qualify as a real estate investment trust for federal income tax purposes, among other purposes, our charter imposes certain restrictions on the ownership of our capital stock. See “Description of Capital Stock” in the accompanying prospectus.

Investing in shares of our common stock involves substantial risks that are described in the “Risk Factors” sections beginning on page S-13 of this prospectus supplement and in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other information that we file from time to time with the Securities and Exchange Commission which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.



 

   
  Per Share   Total
Public offering price   $ 9.0500     $ 113,125,000  
Underwriting discount   $ .3620     $ 4,525,000  
Proceeds, before expenses, to us   $ 8.6880     $ 108,600,000  

The underwriters may also exercise their option to purchase up to an additional 1,875,000 shares of our common stock from us, at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount, within 30 days after the date of this prospectus supplement to cover overallotments, if any.

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state or other securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.

The shares of common stock will be ready for delivery on or about November 8, 2011.



 

Joint Book-Running Managers

 
BofA Merrill Lynch   KeyBanc Capital Markets

Lead Managers

   
Morgan Keegan   PNC Capital Markets LLC   RBC Capital Markets

Co-Managers

 
Baird   Keefe, Bruyette & Woods


 

The date of this prospectus supplement is November 3, 2011.


 
 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Prospectus Supplement

 
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT     S-ii  
SUMMARY     S-1  
RISK FACTORS     S-13  
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS     S-15  
USE OF PROCEEDS     S-17  
CAPITALIZATION     S-18  
UNDERWRITING     S-19  
LEGAL MATTERS     S-24  
EXPERTS     S-24  
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION     S-24  

Prospectus

 
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS     1  
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS     1  
THE COMPANY     2  
RISK FACTORS     3  
CONSOLIDATED RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES     3  
USE OF PROCEEDS     3  
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK     4  
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES     13  
DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES     20  
DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS     22  
BOOK ENTRY PROCEDURES AND SETTLEMENT     22  
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS     23  
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION     46  
LEGAL MATTERS     48  
EXPERTS     48  
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION     48  
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE     49  
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS     F-1  


 

You should rely upon the information contained or incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and any related free writing prospectus required to be filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC. We have not, and the underwriters have not, authorized any other person to provide you with different or additional information. If anyone provides you with different or additional information, you should not rely upon it. We are not, and the underwriters are not, making an offer to sell these securities in any jurisdiction where such offer or sale is not permitted. You should assume that the information appearing in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus, any such free writing prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein or therein is accurate only as of the respective dates of these documents or such other dates as may be specified therein. Our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, funds from operations, or FFO, and prospects may have changed since those dates.

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

This document is presented in two parts. The first part is comprised of this prospectus supplement which describes the specific terms of this offering and certain other matters relating to us. The second part, the accompanying prospectus, contains a description of our common stock and provides more general information, some of which does not apply to this offering, regarding securities that we may offer from time to time. To the extent that the information contained in this prospectus supplement differs or varies from the information contained in the accompanying prospectus or documents that we previously filed with the SEC, the information in this prospectus supplement will supersede such information.

This prospectus supplement is part of a registration statement that we have filed with the SEC relating to the securities offered hereby. This prospectus supplement does not contain all of the information that we have included in the registration statement and the accompanying exhibits and schedules thereto in accordance with the rules and regulations of the SEC, and we refer you to such omitted information. It is important for you to read and consider all information contained in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus in making your investment decision. You should also read and consider the additional information incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. See “Where You Can Find More Information” in this prospectus supplement.

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SUMMARY

This summary is not complete and may not contain all of the information that may be important to you in deciding whether to invest in shares of our common stock. To understand this offering fully prior to making an investment decision, you should carefully read this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents incorporated by reference herein and therein, including the “Risk Factors” sections in this prospectus supplement and in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other information that we file from time to time with the SEC that is incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. Unless otherwise expressly stated or the context requires otherwise, all information in this prospectus supplement assumes that the overallotment option granted to the underwriters is not exercised.

All references to “we,” “our,” “us,” “EDR” and the “Company” in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus mean Education Realty Trust, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, except where it is made clear that any such reference means only Education Realty Trust, Inc.

The Company

We are a self-managed and self-advised real estate investment trust, or REIT, organized in July 2004 to develop, acquire, own and manage collegiate housing communities located near university campuses. We were formed to continue and expand upon the collegiate housing business of Allen & O’Hara, Inc., a company with over 40 years of experience as an owner, manager and developer of collegiate housing. As of the date of this prospectus, we own 34 collegiate housing communities located in 20 states containing over 21,700 beds located near 30 universities. As of the date of this prospectus, we also provide third-party management services for 24 collegiate housing communities located in 10 states containing over 11,900 beds at 20 universities. We also selectively develop collegiate housing communities for our own account and provide third-party development consulting services on collegiate housing development projects for universities and other third parties. As of September 30, 2011, including our announced developments and recent and pending acquisitions, the median distance to the edge of the university campus for our communities was 0.5 miles, and the median undergraduate enrollment at the universities where we operate was 25,200. When our current developments open in 2013, the median age of our communities will be 13 years.

All of our assets are held by, and we conduct substantially all of our activities through, Education Realty Operating Partnership, LP, or our Operating Partnership, and its wholly owned subsidiaries, Allen & O’Hara Education Services, Inc., or our Management Company, and Allen & O’Hara Development Company, LLC, or our Development Company. The majority of our operating expenses are borne by our Operating Partnership, our Management Company or our Development Company, as the case may be.

We are the sole general partner of our Operating Partnership. As a result, our board of directors effectively directs all of the Operating Partnership’s affairs. As of September 30, 2011, we owned 98.8% of the outstanding partnership units of our Operating Partnership. Our ownership interest in the Operating Partnership will increase upon consummation of this offering. See “Use of Proceeds.” The remaining Operating Partnership units are held by former owners of certain of our collegiate housing communities, including certain members of our management team.

University Towers Operating Partnership, LP, or the University Towers Partnership, which is our affiliate, owns and operates our University Towers collegiate housing community located in Raleigh, North Carolina. We are the general partner, and as of September 30, 2011, we owned 72.7% of the outstanding partnership units of the University Towers Partnership, and 27.3% is held by former owners of our University Towers collegiate housing community, including members of our management team.

Our executive offices are located at 530 Oak Court Drive, Suite 300, Memphis, Tennessee 38117, and our telephone number is (901) 259-2500. Our website address is http://www.educationrealty.com. However, the information located on, or accessible from, our website is not, and shall not be deemed to be, a part of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus or incorporated into any other filings that we make with the SEC.

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Recent Developments

Third Quarter Operating Results

On October 27, 2011, we publicly announced our operating results for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011. However, we have not yet filed such information in our quarterly report on Form 10-Q. Set forth below are certain preliminary estimates of the results of operations that we expect to report for our third quarter. Our actual results may differ materially from these estimates due to the completion of our financial closing procedures, final adjustments and other developments that may arise between now and the time the financial results for our third quarter are finalized. The following reflects our comparative operating results, funds from operations, or FFO, and core funds from operations, or Core FFO, for the three and nine month periods ended September 30, 2011:

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  Three months ended
September 30,
  Nine months ended
September 30,
     2011   2010   2011   2010
Revenues:
                                   
Collegiate housing leasing revenue   $ 25,116     $ 21,889     $ 77,428     $ 69,726  
Third-party development services     1,132       334       3,481       1,675  
Third-party management services     846       762       2,425       2,335  
Operating expense reimbursements     2,503       7,152       6,376       11,017  
Total revenues     29,597       30,137       89,710       84,753  
Operating expenses:
                                   
Collegiate housing leasing operations     16,137       14,155       38,669       35,204  
Development and management services     1,466       1,251       4,132       3,834  
General and administrative     2,671       2,198       7,527       7,083  
Severance, development pursuit and acquisition costs     108       (124 )      259       744  
Depreciation and amortization     6,859       6,129       20,704       17,977  
Ground leases     1,365       347       4,097       512  
Reimbursable operating expenses     2,503       6,236       6,376       10,101  
Total operating expenses     31,109       30,192       81,764       75,455  
Operating income (loss)     (1,512 )      (55 )      7,946       9,298  
Non operating expenses     4,768       4,999       14,979       15,271  
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated entities     (390 )      (328 )      (408 )      (242 ) 
Income tax (benefit) expense     (60 )      444       (278 )      267  
Income (loss) from continuing operations     (6,610 )      (5,826 )      (7,163 )      (6,482 ) 
Income (loss) from discontinued operations     53       (34,622 )      1,988       (34,187 ) 
Net income (loss)     (6,557 )      (40,448 )      (5,175 )      (40,669 ) 
Less: Net income (loss) attributable to the noncontrolling interests     (91 )      (628 )      60       (429 ) 
Net income (loss) attributable to Education Realty Trust, Inc.   $ (6,466 )    $ (39,820 )    $ (5,235 )    $ (40,240 ) 
FFO and Core FFO
                                   
Net income (loss) attributable to Education Realty Trust, Inc.   $ (6,466 )    $ (39,820 )    $ (5,235 )    $ (40,240 ) 
Gain on sale of collegiate housing assets(4)                 (2,388 )       
Real estate related depreciation and amortization     6,693       7,593       20,797       22,276  
Equity portion of real estate depreciation and amortization on equity investees     107       120       329       368  
Equity portion of loss on sale of student housing property on equity investee     256       137       256       137  
Noncontrolling interests     (91 )      (628 )      60       (429 ) 
Funds from operations (“FFO”)(1)   $ 499     $ (32,598)     $ 13,819     $ (17,888)  
FFO adjustments:
                                   
Loss on extinguishment of debt(2)                 757        
Acquisition costs     108       24       480       24  
Straight-line adjustment for ground leases(3)     1,051       263       3,157       263  
Loss on impairment           33,610             33,610  
Reorganization/severance costs, net of tax           116             423  
FFO adjustments     1,159       34,013       4,394       34,320  
FFO on Participating Developments:(4)
                                   
Interest on loan to Participating Development     460       112       1,138       112  
Development fees on Participating Development, net of costs and tax     244       23       763       23  
FFO on Participating Developments     704       135       1,901       135  
Core funds from operations (“Core FFO”)(5)   $ 2,362     $ 1,550     $ 20,114     $ 16,567  
FFO per weighted average share/unit(6)   $ 0.01     $ (0.55)     $ 0.19     $ (0.31)  
Core FFO per weighted average share/unit(6)   $ 0.03     $ 0.03     $ 0.27     $ 0.28  
Weighted average shares/units(6)     74,172       58,830       73,151       58,353  

(1) As defined by the National Association of Real Estate Investment Trusts (“NAREIT”), FFO represents net income (loss) (computed in accordance with United States generally accepted accounting principles, or GAAP), excluding gains (or losses) from sales of property, plus real estate related depreciation and amortization and after adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures. Adjustments for unconsolidated partnerships and joint ventures will be calculated to reflect funds from operations on the

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same basis. We present FFO available to all stockholders and unitholders because we consider it to be an important supplemental measure of our operating performance and believe it is frequently used by securities analysts, investors and other interested parties in the evaluation of REITs, many of which present FFO when reporting their results. As such, we also exclude the impact of noncontrolling interests in our calculation. FFO is intended to exclude GAAP historical cost depreciation and amortization of real estate and related assets, which assumes that the value of real estate diminishes ratably over time. Historically, real estate values have risen or fallen with market conditions. Because FFO excludes depreciation and amortization unique to real estate, gains and losses from property dispositions and extraordinary items, it provides a performance measure that, when compared year over year, reflects the impact to operations from trends in occupancy rates, rental rates, operating costs, development activities and interest costs, providing perspective not immediately apparent from net income.

We compute FFO in accordance with standards established by the Board of Governors of NAREIT in its March 1995 White Paper (as amended in November 1999 and April 2002), which may differ from the methodology for calculating FFO utilized by other equity REITs and, accordingly, may not be comparable to such other REITs. Further, FFO does not represent amounts available for management’s discretionary use because of needed capital replacement or expansion, debt service obligations or other commitments and uncertainties. We believe that net income is the most directly comparable GAAP measure to FFO available to stockholders and unitholders. FFO should not be considered as an alternative to net income (loss) (computed in accordance with GAAP) as an indicator of our financial performance or to cash flow from operating activities (computed in accordance with GAAP) as an indicator of our liquidity, nor is it indicative of funds available to fund our cash needs, including our ability to make distributions.

(2) All or a portion of these amounts are included in discontinued operations and are not reflected on the related line items of our statement of operations.
(3) This represents the straight-line rent expense adjustment required by GAAP related to ground leases at two communities. As the ground lease terms range from 40 to 99 years, the adjustment to straight-line these agreements becomes material to our operating results, distorting the economic results of the communities. For the three and nine months ended September 30, 2011, the adjustment includes $996 and $2,987 related to GrandMarc at the Corner at the University of Virginia and $55 and $170 related to University Village on Colvin in Syracuse, respectively.
(4) FFO on participating developments represents the economic impact of interest and fees not recognized in net income due to the Company having a participating investment in the third-party development. The adjustment for development fees is recognized under the same percentage of completion method of accounting used for third-party development fees. The adjustment for interest income is based on terms of the loan.
(5) We also use core funds from operations, or Core FFO, as an operating performance measure. Core FFO is defined as FFO adjusted to include the economic impact of revenue on participating projects for which recognition is deferred for GAAP purposes. The adjustment for this revenue is calculated on the same percentage of completion method used to recognize revenue on third-party development projects. Core FFO also includes adjustments to exclude the impact of straight-line adjustments for ground leases, gains/losses on extinguishment of debt, transaction costs related to acquisitions, impairment losses and reorganization or severance costs. We believe that these adjustments are appropriate in determining Core FFO as they are not indicative of the operating performance of our assets. In addition, management uses Core FFO in the assessment of our operating performance and comparison to its industry peers and believes that Core FFO is a useful supplemental measure for the investing community to use in comparing us to other REITs as many REITs provide some form of adjusted or modified FFO.
(6) FFO and Core FFO per weighted average share/unit were computed using the weighted average of all shares and partnership units outstanding during the period, regardless of their dilutive impact.

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The following reflects our balance sheet data as of September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010:

   
  September 30,
2011
  December 31,
2010
     (unaudited)
Assets
                 
Collegiate housing properties, net   $ 701,310     $ 652,603  
Collegiate housing properties – held for sale           45,044  
Assets under development     35,348       1,146  
Cash and cash equivalents     47,342       6,958  
Restricted cash     4,600       4,791  
Other assets     37,133       26,138  
Total assets   $ 825,733     $ 736,680  
Liabilities and equity
                 
Liabilities:
                 
Mortgage and construction loans, net of unamortized premium/discount   $ 335,864     $ 367,631  
Unsecured revolving line of credit            
Secured revolving line of credit           3,700  
Accounts payable and accrued expenses     27,406       18,324  
Deferred revenue     14,783       12,243  
Total liabilities     378,053       401,898  
Commitments and contingencies            
Redeemable noncontrolling interests     10,880       10,039  
Equity:
                 
Stockholders’ equity:
                 
Common stock, $0.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 76,120,789 and 58,657,056 shares issued and outstanding at September 30, 2011 and December 31, 2010, respectively     762       587  
Preferred shares, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issued and outstanding            
Additional paid-in capital     531,967       414,850  
Accumulated deficit     (95,929 )      (90,694 ) 
Total stockholders’ equity     436,800       324,743  
Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity   $ 825,733     $ 736,680  

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The following represents revenues and expenses for our collegiate housing leasing for the three and nine months ended September 30, 2010 and 2011:

       
  Three months ended
September 30,
  Nine months ended
September 30,
     2011   2010   2011   2010
Revenue
                                   
Same-community   $ 23,121     $ 21,889     $ 72,313     $ 69,726  
New-community     1,995             5,115        
Total community revenue     25,116       21,889       77,428       69,726  
Community Operating Expenses
                                   
Same-community     15,222       14,155       36,858       35,204  
New-community     915             1,811        
Total community operating expenses     16,137       14,155       38,669       35,204  

Discussion of Third Quarter Operating Results

Trends and Outlook

Rents and occupancy

Our communities’ occupancy and net rental rates are typically stable during the August to July academic year but are susceptible to fluctuation at the commencement of each new academic year. The same-community portfolio opened the 2011/2012 lease term 94.9% occupied, a 1.1% improvement over the prior lease term, with a 4.6% increase in net rental rates. This compares to the 2010/2011 lease term that opened with a 2.3% improvement in occupancy and a 2.0% improvement in net rental rates. These results represent averages for our portfolio and are not necessarily indicative of every community in the portfolio. Individual communities can and do perform both above and below these averages, and, at times, an individual community may experience a decline in total revenue due to local university and economic conditions. Our management’s focus is to assess these situations and address them as quickly as possible in an effort to minimize our exposure and reverse any negative trend.

Acquisitions

From December 31, 2010 through June 2011 we acquired three communities with an aggregate of 401 beds for an aggregate purchase price of $39 million.

On September 22, 2011, we completed the purchase of University Village Towers, a 554-bed community adjacent to the University of California, Riverside, for a purchase price of $38.1 million. Our Operating Partnership had a 10% equity investment in the entity that owned University Village Towers and also managed the property prior to the acquisition.

We intend to invest in additional communities as suitable opportunities arise. Both industry and company specific factors contribute to the potential for acquisitions. We also intend to continue to pursue numerous opportunities and possible joint ventures with local and regional developers. Following this offering, we expect to have unleveraged acquisition and development capacity of $259.8 million.

Development consulting services

We have historically earned more than $5.0 million annually in third-party development revenue. However, as a result of deteriorating credit markets, financing of new projects became harder to obtain, and our third-party development revenue declined from $8.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2009 to $2.5 million in 2010. Beginning in the summer of 2010 our development team began seeing improvement in the credit markets and an increase in interest from colleges and universities that are considering new collegiate housing. We also continue to receive requests for proposals on new development projects. This improvement in the development consulting market over the prior year is evidenced by our four active owned development projects, two third-party developments and one participating development, along with a 108% increase in third-party development revenue to $3.4 million for the nine months ended September 30, 2011.

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Collegiate housing operating costs

We implemented focused cost control measures in late 2008 that drove a same-community operating expense decline of 4.6% for the year ended December 31, 2009 and helped keep operating expenses relatively flat during 2010 with an increase of approximately 0.1%. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, same-community operating expenses were up approximately 4.7% from the same period in 2010, which includes the impact of real estate tax refunds recorded in the second and third quarters of 2010. We anticipate full year same-community operating expense growth from 3 to 3.5% as we continue to focus on operating our communities as efficiently as possible.

General and administrative costs

In the first half of 2010, we began a reorganization plan, and as a result, saw a 2.8% reduction in general and administrative, or G&A, expenses, before reorganization, development pursuit and acquisition costs, when compared to the same period in 2009. For the nine months ended September 30, 2011, G&A expenses before reorganization, development pursuit and acquisition costs, increased $0.7 million or 6.8% to $11.7 million, when compared to the same period in the prior year. This increase is primarily attributable to payroll and benefits associated with the growth of the development consulting services segment.

Results of Operations for the Three Months Ended September 30, 2011

Collegiate housing leasing

Collegiate housing leasing revenue was $25.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011. This represents an increase of $3.2 million, or 14.7%, from the same period in 2010. This increase included $2.0 million related to the new communities, GrandMarc at the Corner, Wertland Square and Jefferson Commons, all located in Charlottesville, Virginia, Westminster House located in Berkeley, California and University Village Towers located in Riverside, California. The remaining increase of $1.2 million is attributable to a 5.6% increase in same-community revenue. The same-community revenue growth was driven by a 1.2% improvement in occupancies, a 3.7% improvement in net rental rates and a 0.7% improvement from other revenue.

Collegiate housing leasing operating expenses increased $2.0 million, or 14.0%, to $16.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. The five new communities discussed above added $0.9 million of operating expenses over the prior year. In addition, same-community operating expenses increased $1.1 million, or 7.5%, over the same period in the prior year, primarily due to real estate tax refunds recorded in the third quarter of 2010 and the timing of direct operating expenses between quarters.

Development consulting services

Development consulting services revenue increased $0.8 million, or 238.9%, to $1.1 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011 as compared to the same period in 2010. This increase was driven by more development activity on three active third-party development consulting projects.

Management services

Total management services revenue remained relatively flat at $0.8 million for the three months ended September 30, 2011 when compared to the same period in 2010 with slight increases from existing contracts.

Capital Structure

In September 2011, we procured a new three-year, $175 million, senior unsecured credit facility with a syndicate of lenders led by KeyBank, National Association. The new credit facility has an accordion feature and is expandable up to $315 million, subject to satisfaction of certain conditions. This credit facility both enhances our financial flexibility and provides financing for future growth opportunities at advantageous rates.

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As of September 30, 2011, we had cash and cash equivalents totaling $47.3 million and no borrowings outstanding on our credit facility. We had an unleveraged acquisition and development capacity of $222 million as of September 30, 2011, based on $47.3 million of cash outstanding and $175.0 million available on our credit facility. As of September 30, 2011, we had the following ratios as compared to December 31, 2010 and 2009:

     
  September 30, 2011   December 31, 2010   December 31, 2009
Debt to Gross Assets     34.1 %      41.5 %      42.9 % 
Interest Coverage Ratio(1)     2.4x       2.2x       2.0x  
Net Debt to Enterprise Value(2)     30.2 %      43.9 %      57.2 % 
Net Debt to EBITDA(3)     6.1x       7.8x       7.5x  

(1) Calculated as EBITDA, as defined below, divided by interest expense.
(2) Calculated as net debt (total debt less cash) divided by enterprise value (market capitalization of our common equity, including our Operating Partnership units plus our net debt).
(3) EBITDA, as used to calculate our ratios, is defined as net income or loss excluding: (1) straight line adjustment for ground leases; (2) acquisition costs; (3) interest expense; (4) other non-operating expense (income); (5) income tax expense (benefit); (6) depreciation and amortization; (7) non-controlling interest; and (8) applicable expenses related to discontinued operations. We consider EBITDA useful to an investor in evaluating and facilitating comparisons of our operating performance between periods and between REITs by removing the impact of our capital structure (primarily interest expense) and asset base (primarily depreciation and amortization) from our operating results.

The following is a reconciliation of our GAAP net loss to EBITDA for the trailing twelve months ended September 30, 2011 and for the years ended December 31, 2009 and 2010 (in thousands):

     
  For the trailing 12 months ended September 30, 2011   For the Year ended December 31,
  2010   2009
Net loss attributable to common stockholders   $ (7,053 )    $ (42,058 )    $ (7,255 ) 
Straight line adjustment for ground leases     3,878       984        
Acquisition costs     1,923       1,467        
Interest expense, net     18,850       19,787       19,309  
Interest expense – discontinued operations     524       2,336       5,276  
Other nonoperating expense (income)     1,422       778       (360 ) 
Income tax expense (benefit)     (103 )      442       1,905  
Depreciation and amortization     27,748       25,021       22,787  
Non-controlling interest     256       (233 )      164  
Applicable expenses related to discontinued operations     (344 )      39,869       9,597  
EBITDA   $ 47,101     $ 48,393     $ 51,423  

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Commitments and Contractual Obligations

The following table summarizes our commitments and contractual obligations as of September 30, 2011:

         
  Payment due by Period
(In thousands)
  Total
     Less than
1 Year
  1 – 3
Years
  3 – 5
Years
  More than
5 Years
Commitments and Contractual Obligations:
                                            
Long-Term Debt Obligations(1)   $ 1,042     $ 107,548     $ 70,208     $ 156,961     $ 335,759  
Contractual Interest Obligations(2)     4,746       31,374       20,745       15,261       72,126  
Operating Lease and Future Purchase Obligations(3)     4,779       17,606       13,726       463,641       499,752  
Capital Reserve Obligations(4)     316       2,357       2,000       1,778       6,451  
Total   $ 10,883     $ 158,885     $ 106,679     $ 637,641     $ 914,088  

(1) Includes required monthly principal amortization and amounts due at maturity on first mortgage debt secured by collegiate housing properties and amounts due under construction loan agreements. The first mortgage debt does not include $0.1 million of unamortized debt premium.
(2) Includes contractual fixed-rate interest payments as well as estimates of variable rate interest payments based on variable interest rates effective as of September 30, 2011. We have $30.3 million of variable rate debt as of September 30, 2011.
(3) Includes future minimum lease commitments under operating lease obligations (includes long-term ground leases of $481.9 million) and future purchase obligations for advertising.
(4) Includes future annual contributions to the capital reserve as required by certain mortgage debt.

Recent and Pending Acquisitions

On November 1, 2011, we completed the purchase of Irish Row, a 326-bed community adjacent to the University of Notre Dame in South Bend, Indiana, for $27.5 million in cash. Irish Row was built in phases and initially opened in 2009 with the final phase completed in 2011. The average monthly rental rate at Irish Row is $726 per bed, and the community opened the 2011/2012 lease term 100% leased. The community is 31% pre-leased for the 2012/2013 lease term.

We have entered into an agreement to purchase The Lotus Center, a 40-bed collegiate housing community adjacent to the University of Colorado Boulder, or UC-Boulder, for $6.0 million in cash. The Lotus Center, located on 2.5 acres directly adjacent to UC-Boulder, was originally constructed in 1960 but received extensive internal renovations in 2008. The community is currently 100% leased for the 2011/2012 academic year. We expect to build housing adjacent to The Lotus Center with an underground parking garage, adding 199 beds. We anticipate the construction costs for this housing to be approximately $19.3 million with construction expected to begin in 2012 for a summer 2013 opening.

We have entered into an agreement to purchase GrandMarc at Westberry Place, a 644-bed collegiate housing community on the Texas Christian University, or TCU, campus that was built in 2006. The total purchase price is $54.8 million, and we will assume $37.1 million of variable interest rate debt. The interest rate is based on the one month Reference BILL index rate plus 485 basis points and is capped at 7.5%. As of September 30, 2011, the interest rate was 4.9%. The property is subject to a 53-year ground lease with TCU. The community is 97.8% leased for the 2011/2012 lease term.

Development Pipeline

In 2007, we began developing projects for our ownership. We currently have four active development projects for our ownership, which we anticipate delivering in 2012 and 2013. In July 2010, the University of Texas Board of Regents selected us to be the long-term ground tenant to develop, own and manage a new 16-story high-rise apartment community near the core of the University of Texas at Austin campus, scheduled to open in summer 2013. This will be our third wholly-owned development and second project under our On-Campus Equity Plan, or the ONE PlanSM, which is our program exclusively designed for on-campus equity ownership of collegiate housing. In September of 2010, we entered into an agreement to develop the first two phases of Storrs Center, a $220 million mixed-use town center project, adjacent to the University of

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Connecticut. Construction began in 2011, and we anticipate the two phases will be completed in 2012 and 2013. We will own and manage the collegiate housing component of the development. We believe the project will establish an urban, community-focused college town center for the University of Connecticut and the city of Mansfield. In February 2011, Syracuse University selected us to develop, own and manage new collegiate housing on its campus subject to a long-term ground lease, with a scheduled completion date in summer 2012. This will be our second on-campus development at Syracuse and our third project financed through the ONE PlanSM. In February 2011, we executed an agreement with the Edwards Company to develop, own and manage new collegiate housing at the University of Alabama in Tuscaloosa. The collegiate housing will be owned jointly by the two companies and is scheduled to open in the summer of 2012. We are the 90% owner and managing member of the joint venture. As opposed to our third-party development services, all exposure to risks and capital requirements for these developments remain with us.

The following summarizes the projects, including our share of estimated project costs and amounts funded through September 30, 2011.

           
Project   Project Type   Bed
Count
  Estimated
Start Date
  Anticipated Completion
Date
  Estimated
Project Development Cost(1)
  Cost
Funded to Date
Syracuse University – Campus West     ONE Plan       312       In progress       Summer 2012     $ 29,747     $ 2,418  
University of Alabama     Joint Venture       774       In progress       Summer 2012       37,215       16,263  
University of Connecticut – Storrs Center Phase I     Wholly Owned       250       In progress       Summer 2012       24,240       8,719  
University of Connecticut – Storrs Center Phase II     Wholly Owned       250       In progress       Summer 2013       24,239        
The University of Texas at Austin     ONE Plan       622       In progress       Summer 2013       63,993       4,303  
                2,208                       $ 179,434     $ 31,703  

(1) Estimated project development costs include only the Company’s portion of the total project costs where a development is being done through a joint venture.

Our ONE Plan — Plus consists of creative structuring similar to the ONE Plan. On July 14, 2010, we entered into definitive agreements for the development, financing and management of a $60.7 million, 20-story, 572-bed graduate collegiate housing complex at the Science + Technology Park at Johns Hopkins Medical Institute. The project began construction in 2010, and we expect that it will be completed in 2012. We are developing and will manage the building, which is being constructed on land owned by Johns Hopkins University and leased to a subsidiary of East Baltimore Development, Inc., a nonprofit partnership of private and public entities dedicated to Baltimore’s urban revitalization. Under terms of the agreements, we will (a) receive development and construction oversight fees and reimbursement of pre-development expenses, (b) invest in the form of an $18.0 million second mortgage collateralized by a replenishing cash reserve fund, (c) receive a $3.0 million fee for providing a repayment guarantee of the construction first mortgage, and (d) receive a 10-year management contract.

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The Offering

Common stock offered
by us
   
    12,500,000 shares (or 14,375,000 shares if the underwriters exercise their overallotment option in full)
Common stock to be outstanding after this offering    
    90,111,440 shares (or 91,986,440 shares if the underwriters exercise their overallotment option in full)(1)
Diluted common stock to be outstanding after this offering    
    91,222,435 shares (or 93,097,435 shares if the underwriters exercise their overallotment option in full)(1)(2)
Use of proceeds    
    We estimate that our net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $108.1 million (or approximately $124.4 million if the underwriters exercise their overallotment option in full) after deducting the underwriting discount and other estimated offering expenses payable by us. We intend to contribute the net proceeds to our Operating Partnership in exchange for a number of partnership units to be issued by the Operating Partnership equal to the number of shares of common stock sold in this offering, thereby increasing our ownership interest in the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership intends to use the net proceeds to repay debt, to fund its development pipeline and to fund future acquisitions and for general corporate purposes. See “Use of Proceeds.”
Restriction on ownership    
    In order to assist us in maintaining our qualification as a REIT for federal income tax purposes, ownership, actual or constructive, by any person of more than 9.8% in value or number (whichever is more restrictive) of shares of our capital stock is restricted by our charter. This restriction may be waived by our board of directors, in its sole and absolute discretion, upon satisfaction of certain conditions. See “Description of Capital Stock” in the accompanying prospectus.
Risk factors    
    An investment in shares of our common stock involves substantial risks, and prospective investors should carefully consider the matters discussed in the “Risk Factors” sections of this prospectus supplement and in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other information that we file from time to time with the SEC which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.
Dividends    
    On October 13, 2011 our board of directors declared a distribution of $0.07 per share of common stock for the quarter ended September 30, 2011. The distribution is payable on November 15, 2011 to stockholders of record as of the close of business on October 31, 2011. Purchasers of the common stock offered hereby will not be entitled to receipt of such dividend.
New York Stock Exchange Symbol    
    “EDR”

(1) The number of shares of common stock to be outstanding after this offering is based upon 77,611,440 shares outstanding as of November 1, 2011. Excludes 3,418,220 shares of common stock available for future issuance under the Education Realty Trust, Inc. 2004 Incentive Plan, the Education Realty Trust, Inc. 2010 Long-Term Incentive Plan and the Education Realty Trust, Inc. 2011 Long-Term Incentive Plan.

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(2) Includes 1,110,995 shares of common stock issuable upon the conversion or exchange of limited partnership units in the Operating Partnership and the University Towers Partnership.

For additional information regarding our common stock, see “Description of Capital Stock” in the accompanying prospectus.

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RISK FACTORS

Your investment in shares of our common stock involves substantial risks. In consultation with your own financial and legal advisers, you should carefully consider, among other matters, the factors set forth below as well as in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other information that we file from time to time with the SEC which is incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus before deciding whether an investment in shares of our common stock is suitable for you. If any of the risks contained in or incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus develop into actual events, our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, FFO and prospects could be materially and adversely affected, the market price of our common stock could decline and you may lose all or part of your investment.

This offering is expected to be dilutive, and there may be future dilution related to our common stock.

Giving effect to the issuance of shares of common stock in this offering, the receipt of the expected net proceeds and the use of those proceeds, we expect that this offering will have a dilutive effect on our expected earnings per share and FFO per share for the year ending December 31, 2011. The actual amount of dilution cannot be determined at this time and will be based upon numerous factors. Additionally, subject to the 90-day lock up restrictions described in “Underwriting — No Sales of Similar Securities,” we are not restricted from issuing additional securities, including common stock, securities that are convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for common stock or preferred stock or any substantially similar securities, in the future. The market price of our common stock could decline as a result of issuances or sales of a large number of shares of our common stock in the market after this offering or the perception that such issuances or sales could occur. Additionally, future issuances or sales of substantial amounts of our common stock may be at prices below the offering price of the common stock offered by this prospectus supplement and may result in further dilution in our earnings per share and FFO per share and/or adversely impact the market price of our common stock.

Future sales or issuances of our common stock may cause the market price of our common stock to decline.

The sale of substantial amounts of our common stock, whether directly by us or in the secondary market, the perception that such sales could occur or the availability for future sale of shares of our common stock or securities convertible into or exchangeable or exercisable for our common stock could materially and adversely affect the market price of our common stock and our ability to raise capital through future offerings of equity or equity-related securities. In addition, we may issue capital stock or other equity securities senior to our common stock in the future for a number of reasons, including to finance our operations and business plan, to adjust our ratio of debt to equity, to satisfy obligations upon the exchange of partnership units in the Operating Partnership and the University Towers Partnership or for other reasons.

The market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly.

The market price of our common stock may fluctuate significantly in response to many factors, including:

actual or anticipated variations in our operating results, FFO, cash flows or liquidity;
changes in our earnings or FFO estimates or those of analysts and any failure to meet such estimates;
changes in our dividend policy;
publication of research reports about us, the collegiate housing industry or the real estate industry generally;
increases in market interest rates that lead purchasers of our common stock to demand a higher dividend yield;
changes in market valuations of similar companies;

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adverse market reaction to the amount of our outstanding debt at any time, the amount of our maturing debt in the near and medium term and our ability to refinance such debt and the terms thereof or our plans to incur additional debt in the future;
additions or departures of key management personnel, including our ability to find attractive replacements;
actions by institutional stockholders;
speculation in the press or investment community;
the realization of any of the other risk factors included in, or incorporated by reference in, this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus; and
general market and economic conditions.

Many of the factors listed above are beyond our control. Those factors may cause the market price of our common stock to decline, regardless of our financial performance, condition and prospects. It is impossible to provide any assurance that the market price of our common stock will not decline in the future, and it may be difficult for our stockholders to resell their shares of our common stock in the amount or at prices or times that they find attractive, or at all.

Our collegiate housing communities have previously been, and in the future may be, subject to impairment charges which could adversely affect our results of operations and FFO.

We are required to periodically evaluate our collegiate housing communities for impairment indicators. A community’s value is considered impaired if management’s estimate of the aggregate future cash flows (undiscounted and without interest charges) to be generated by the community, based upon its intended use, is less than the carrying value of the community. These estimates of cash flows are based upon factors such as expected future operating income, trends and prospects, as well as the effects of interest and capitalization rates, demand and occupancy, competition and other factors.

Ongoing adverse market and economic conditions and market volatility may result in uncertainty in valuation estimates and instability in the estimated value of our collegiate housing communities which, in turn, could result in a substantial decrease in the value of the communities.

We continually assess our collegiate housing communities to determine if any dispositions are necessary or appropriate. We may test the market for our collegiate housing communities and may seek to sell certain collegiate housing communities over the next several years. No assurance can be given that we will be able to recover the current carrying amount of our collegiate housing communities in the future. Our failure to do so would require us to recognize additional impairment charges which could materially and adversely affect us and our results of operations and FFO.

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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

Our disclosure and analysis in this prospectus supplement, the accompanying prospectus and the documents that are incorporated by reference herein and therein contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act, and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements provide our current expectations or forecasts of future events and are not statements of historical fact. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future events, including, among other things, discussion and analysis of our future financial condition, results of operations and FFO, our strategic plans and objectives, cost management, occupancy and leasing rates and trends, liquidity and ability to refinance our indebtedness as it matures, anticipated capital expenditures (and access to capital) required to complete projects, amounts of anticipated cash distributions to our stockholders in the future and other matters. Words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates” and variations of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control, are difficult to predict and/or could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed in or implied by the forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements involve inherent uncertainty and may ultimately prove to be incorrect or false. You are cautioned not to place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Except as otherwise may be required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or actual results. Our actual results could differ materially from those expressed in or implied by these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to:

risks and uncertainties related to the recent recession, the national and local economies, and the real estate industry in general and in our specific markets (including university enrollment conditions and admission policies and our relationship with these universities);
volatility in the capital markets;
rising interest and insurance rates;
competition from university-owned or other private collegiate housing and our inability to obtain new tenants on favorable terms, or at all, upon the expiration of existing leases;
availability and terms of capital and financing, both to fund our operations and to refinance our indebtedness as it matures;
legislative or regulatory changes, including changes to laws governing collegiate housing, construction and real estate investment trusts;
our possible failure to qualify as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, and the risk of changes in laws affecting REITs;
our dependence upon key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed;
our ability to identify, hire and retain highly-qualified executives in the future;
availability of appropriate acquisition and development targets;
failure to make acquisitions on attractive terms or integrate acquisitions successfully;
the financial condition and liquidity of, or disputes with, our joint venture and development partners;
impact of ad valorem, property and income taxes;
changes in generally accepted accounting principles;

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construction delays, increasing construction costs or construction costs that exceed estimates;
potential liability for uninsured losses and environmental liabilities;
lease-up risks; and
the potential need to fund improvements or other capital expenditures out of operating cash flow.

This list of risks and uncertainties, however, is only a summary of some of the most important factors and is not intended to be exhaustive. You should carefully review the risks that are described under “Risk Factors” in this prospectus supplement and in our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other information that we file from time to time with the SEC that is incorporated by reference in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. New factors that are not currently known to us or of which we are currently unaware may also emerge from time to time that could materially and adversely affect us.

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USE OF PROCEEDS

We estimate that our net proceeds from this offering will be approximately $108.1 million (or approximately $124.4 million if the underwriters exercise their overallotment option in full) after deducting the underwriting discount and other estimated offering expenses payable by us.

We intend to contribute the net proceeds to the Operating Partnership in exchange for a number of partnership units to be issued by the Operating Partnership equal to the number of shares of common stock sold in this offering, thereby increasing our ownership interest in the Operating Partnership. The Operating Partnership intends to use the net proceeds as follows:

approximately $18.8 million to repay a loan in connection with our NorthPointe community with a principal balance of $18.8 million at an interest rate of 5.55% as of June 30, 2011 and a maturity date of March 1, 2012; and
the remainder to fund our development pipeline, fund future acquisitions and for general corporate purposes.

Pending application of any portion of the net proceeds, we may invest it in interest-bearing accounts and short-term, interest-bearing securities as is consistent with our intention to maintain our qualification for taxation as a REIT. Such investments may include, for example, obligations of the Government National Mortgage Association, other government and governmental agency securities, certificates of deposit and interest-bearing bank deposits.

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CAPITALIZATION

The following table sets forth our capitalization as of September 30, 2011:

on a historical basis to reflect the balances for the period ended September 30, 2011;
on a pro forma basis to reflect the impact of the sale of 12,500,000 shares of our common stock offered by us in this offering at a public offering price of $9.05 per share and after the deduction of the underwriting discount and other estimated offering expenses payable by us, and application of the net proceeds as set forth under “Use of Proceeds”; and
on a pro forma as adjusted basis to reflect (i) the recently completed acquisition of Irish Row at a cash purchase price of $27.5 million, (ii) the pending acquisition of the GrandMarc at Westberry Place at a purchase price of $54.8 million, including the assumption of $37.1 million of variable rate debt, (iii) the pending acquisition of The Lotus Center for a cash purchase price of $6.0 million, (iv) $0.7 million of acquisition closing costs related to the recent and pending acquisitions and (v) the repayment of the debt on our NorthPointe community as set forth in “Use of Proceeds.”

The table does not give effect to the issuance of up to 1,875,000 additional shares of our common stock that may be sold pursuant to the underwriters’ overallotment option. You should read the following table in conjunction with the consolidated financial statements and the related notes thereto which are incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus.

     
  As of September 30, 2011
(In thousands, except share
and per share data)
     Historical   Pro Forma   Pro Forma
As Adjusted
Cash and cash equivalents (excluding restricted cash)   $ 47,342     $ 155,482     $ 84,802  
Mortgage and construction loans, net of unamortized
premium/discount
    335,759       335,759       354,059  
Total debt     335,759       335,759       354,059  
Debt premium     105       105       105  
Total debt – net of premium     335,864       335,864       354,164  
Redeemable noncontrolling interests     10,880       10,880       10,880  
Equity:
                          
Education Realty Trust, Inc. stockholders’ equity:
                          
Common stock, $0.01 par value per share     762       887       887  
Additional paid-in capital     531,967       639,982       639,982  
Accumulated deficit     (95,929 )      (95,929 )      (95,929 ) 
Total Education Realty Trust, Inc. stockholders’ equity     436,800       544,940       544,940  
Total capitalization   $ 783,544     $ 891,684     $ 909,984  

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UNDERWRITING

Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith Incorporated is acting as sole representative of each of the underwriters named below. Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in an underwriting agreement among us, our Operating Partnership and the underwriters, we have agreed to sell to the underwriters, and each of the underwriters has agreed, severally and not jointly, to purchase from us, the number of shares of common stock set forth opposite its name below.

 
              Underwriter   Number
of Shares
Merrill Lynch, Pierce, Fenner & Smith
         Incorporated
    6,875,000  
KeyBanc Capital Markets Inc.     1,875,000  
Morgan Keegan & Company, Inc.     1,125,000  
PNC Capital Markets LLC     1,125,000  
RBC Capital Markets, LLC     750,000  
Robert W. Baird & Co. Incorporated     437,500  
Keefe, Bruyette & Woods, Inc.     312,500  
         Total     12,500,000  

Subject to the terms and conditions set forth in the underwriting agreement, the underwriters have agreed, severally and not jointly, to purchase all of the shares of common stock sold under the underwriting agreement if any of these shares are purchased. If an underwriter defaults, the underwriting agreement provides that the purchase commitments of the nondefaulting underwriters may be increased or the underwriting agreement may be terminated.

We have agreed to indemnify the underwriters against certain liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act, or to contribute to payments the underwriters may be required to make in respect of those liabilities.

The underwriters are offering the shares of common stock, subject to prior sale, when, as and if issued to and accepted by them, subject to approval of legal matters by their counsel, including the validity of the shares, and other conditions contained in the underwriting agreement, such as the receipt by the underwriters of officer’s certificates and legal opinions. The underwriters reserve the right to withdraw, cancel or modify offers to the public and to reject orders in whole or in part.

Commissions and Discounts

The representative has advised us that the underwriters propose initially to offer the shares of common stock to the public at the public offering price set forth on the cover page of this prospectus supplement and to dealers at that price less a concession not in excess of $.21 per share. After the initial offering, the public offering price, concession or any other term of this offering may be changed.

The following table shows the public offering price, underwriting discount and proceeds, before expenses, to us. The information assumes either no exercise or full exercise by the underwriters of their overallotment option.

     
  Per Share   Without Option   With Option
Public offering price   $ 9.0500     $ 133,125,000     $ 130,093,750  
Underwriting discount   $ .3620     $ 4,525,000     $ 5,203,750  
Proceeds, before expenses, to us   $ 8.6880     $ 108,600,000     $ 124,890,000  

The expenses of this offering, not including the underwriting discount, are estimated to be $460,000 and are payable by us.

Overallotment Option

We have granted an option to the underwriters, exercisable for 30 days after the date of this prospectus supplement, to purchase up to 1,875,000 additional shares of common stock at the public offering price, less the underwriting discount. If the underwriters exercise this option, each will be obligated, subject to conditions

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contained in the underwriting agreement, to purchase a number of additional shares of common stock proportionate to that underwriter’s initial amount reflected in the above table.

No Sales of Similar Securities

We, our executive officers and our directors have agreed not to sell or transfer any common stock, Operating Partnership units or securities convertible into, exchangeable or exercisable for, or repayable with, common stock or Operating Partnership units, for 60 days after the date of this prospectus supplement without first obtaining the written consent of the representative. Specifically, we and these other persons have agreed, with certain limited exceptions, not to directly or indirectly, and, in each case, not to publicly disclose the intention to:

offer, pledge, sell or contract to sell any common stock or Operating Partnership units;
sell any option or contract to purchase any common stock or Operating Partnership units;
purchase any option or contract to sell any common stock or Operating Partnership units;
grant any option, right or warrant for the purchase of any common stock or Operating Partnership units;
lend or otherwise dispose of or transfer any common stock or Operating Partnership units;
request or demand that we file a registration statement related to the common stock or Operating Partnership units; or
enter into any swap, hedge or other agreement that transfers, in whole or in part, the economic consequence of ownership of any common stock or Operating Partnership units, whether any such swap, hedge or transaction is to be settled by delivery of shares of common stock, Operating Partnership units or other securities, in cash or otherwise.

This lock-up provision applies to common stock and Operating Partnership units owned now or acquired later by the person executing the agreement or for which the person executing the agreement later acquires the power of disposition. In the event that either (x) during the last 17 days of the lock-up period referred to above, we issue an earnings release or material news or a material event relating to us occurs or (y) prior to the expiration of the lock-up period, we announce that we will release earnings results during the 16-day period beginning on the last day of the lock-up period, the restrictions described above shall continue to apply until the expiration of the 18-day period beginning on the issuance of the earnings release or the occurrence of the material news or material event.

New York Stock Exchange Listing

Our shares of common stock are listed on the NYSE under the symbol “EDR.”

Price Stabilization, Short Positions

Until the distribution of our shares of common stock is completed, SEC rules may limit underwriters and selling group members from bidding for and purchasing our common stock. However, the representative may engage in transactions that stabilize the price of the common stock, such as bids or purchases to peg, fix or maintain that price.

In connection with this offering, the underwriters may purchase and sell our common stock in the open market. These transactions may include short sales, purchases on the open market to cover positions created by short sales and stabilizing transactions. Short sales involve the sale by the underwriters of a greater number of shares of common stock than they are required to purchase in this offering. “Covered” short sales are sales made in an amount not greater than the underwriters’ overallotment option described above. The underwriters may close out any covered short position by either exercising their overallotment option or purchasing shares of common stock in the open market. In determining the source of shares of common stock to close out the covered short position, the underwriters will consider, among other things, the price of shares available for purchase in the open market as compared to the price at which they may purchase shares through the overallotment option. “Naked” short sales are sales in excess of the overallotment option. The underwriters

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must close out any naked short position by purchasing shares of common stock in the open market. A naked short position is more likely to be created if the underwriters are concerned that there may be downward pressure on the price of our common stock in the open market after pricing that could adversely affect investors who purchase in this offering. Stabilizing transactions consist of various bids for or purchases of shares of common stock made by the underwriters in the open market prior to the completion of this offering. The underwriters may conduct these transactions on the NYSE, in the over-the-counter market or otherwise.

Similar to other purchase transactions, the underwriters’ purchases to cover the syndicate short sales may have the effect of raising or maintaining the market price of our common stock or preventing or retarding a decline in the market price of our common stock. As a result, the price of our common stock may be higher than the price that might otherwise exist in the open market.

Neither we nor any of the underwriters make any representation or prediction as to the direction or magnitude of any effect that the transactions described above may have on the price of our common stock. In addition, neither we nor any of the underwriters make any representation that the representative will engage in these transactions or that these transactions, once commenced, will not be discontinued without notice.

Electronic Offer, Sale and Distribution of Shares

In connection with this offering, certain of the underwriters or securities dealers may distribute this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus by electronic means, such as e-mail. In addition, certain of the underwriters may facilitate Internet distribution for this offering to certain of their Internet subscription customers. Each such underwriter may allocate a limited number of shares for sale to its online brokerage customers. An electronic prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus is available on the Internet web site maintained by each such underwriter. Other than this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus in electronic format, the information on each underwriter’s web site is not part of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus.

Other Relationships

Affiliates of one or more of the underwriters are lenders under our $175 million credit facility. In addition, some of the underwriters and their affiliates have engaged in, and may in the future engage in, investment banking, commercial banking and other commercial dealings in the ordinary course of business with us or our affiliates. They have received, or may in the future receive, customary fees and commissions for these transactions.

In addition, in the ordinary course of their business activities, the underwriters and their affiliates may make or hold a broad array of investments and actively trade debt and equity securities (or related derivative securities) and financial instruments (including bank loans) for their own account and for the accounts of their customers. Such investments and securities activities may involve securities and/or instruments of ours or our affiliates. The underwriters and their affiliates may also make investment recommendations and/or publish or express independent research views in respect of such securities or financial instruments and may hold, or recommend to clients that they acquire, long and/or short positions in such securities and instruments.

Notice to Prospective Investors in the European Economic Area

In relation to each Member State of the European Economic Area which has implemented the Prospectus Directive (each, a “Relevant Member State”), with effect from and including the date on which the Prospectus Directive is implemented in that Relevant Member State (the “Relevant Implementation Date”), no offer of shares may be made to the public in that Relevant Member State other than:

A. to any legal entity which is a qualified investor as defined in the Prospectus Directive;
B. to fewer than 100 or, if the Relevant Member State has implemented the relevant provision of the 2010 PD Amending Directive, 150, natural or legal persons (other than qualified investors as defined in the Prospectus Directive), as permitted under the Prospectus Directive, subject to obtaining the prior consent of the representative; or

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C. in any other circumstances falling within Article 3(2) of the Prospectus Directive,

provided that no such offer of shares shall require the Company or the representative to publish a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive or supplement a prospectus pursuant to Article 16 of the Prospectus Directive.

Each person in a Relevant Member State (other than a Relevant Member State where there is a Permitted Public Offer) who initially acquires any shares or to whom any offer is made will be deemed to have represented, acknowledged and agreed that (A) it is a “qualified investor” within the meaning of the law in that Relevant Member State implementing Article 2(1)(e) of the Prospectus Directive, and (B) in the case of any shares acquired by it as a financial intermediary, as that term is used in Article 3(2) of the Prospectus Directive, the shares acquired by it in the offering have not been acquired on behalf of, nor have they been acquired with a view to their offer or resale to, persons in any Relevant Member State other than “qualified investors” as defined in the Prospectus Directive, or in circumstances in which the prior consent of the Subscribers has been given to the offer or resale. In the case of any shares being offered to a financial intermediary as that term is used in Article 3(2) of the Prospectus Directive, each such financial intermediary will be deemed to have represented, acknowledged and agreed that the shares acquired by it in the offer have not been acquired on a non-discretionary basis on behalf of, nor have they been acquired with a view to their offer or resale to, persons in circumstances which may give rise to an offer of any shares to the public other than their offer or resale in a Relevant Member State to qualified investors as so defined or in circumstances in which the prior consent of the representative has been obtained to each such proposed offer or resale.

The Company, the representative and their affiliates will rely upon the truth and accuracy of the foregoing representation, acknowledgement and agreement.

This prospectus supplement and the accompany prospectus have been prepared on the basis that any offer of shares in any Relevant Member State will be made pursuant to an exemption under the Prospectus Directive from the requirement to publish a prospectus for offers of shares. Accordingly any person making or intending to make an offer in that Relevant Member State of shares which are the subject of the offering contemplated in this prospectus supplement and the accompany prospectus may only do so in circumstances in which no obligation arises for the Company or any of the underwriters to publish a prospectus pursuant to Article 3 of the Prospectus Directive in relation to such offer. Neither the Company nor the underwriters have authorized, nor do they authorize, the making of any offer of shares in circumstances in which an obligation arises for the Company or the underwriters to publish a prospectus for such offer.

For the purpose of the above provisions, the expression “an offer to the public” in relation to any shares in any Relevant Member State means the communication in any form and by any means of sufficient information on the terms of the offer and the shares to be offered so as to enable an investor to decide to purchase or subscribe the shares, as the same may be varied in the Relevant Member State by any measure implementing the Prospectus Directive in the Relevant Member State and the expression “Prospectus Directive” means Directive 2003/71/EC (including the 2010 PD Amending Directive, to the extent implemented in the Relevant Member States) and includes any relevant implementing measure in the Relevant Member State and the expression “2010 PD Amending Directive” means Directive 2010/73/EU.

Notice to Prospective Investors in the United Kingdom

In addition, in the United Kingdom, this document is being distributed only to, and is directed only at, and any offer subsequently made may only be directed at, persons who are “qualified investors” (as defined in the Prospectus Directive)(i) who have professional experience in matters relating to investments falling within Article 19 (5) of the Financial Services and Markets Act 2000 (Financial Promotion) Order 2005, as amended (the “Order”) and/or (ii) who are high net worth companies (or persons to whom it may otherwise be lawfully communicated) falling within Article 49(2)(a) to (d) of the Order (all such persons together being referred to as “relevant persons”). This document must not be acted on or relied on in the United Kingdom by persons who are not relevant persons. In the United Kingdom, any investment or investment activity to which this document relates is only available to, and will be engaged in with, relevant persons.

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Notice to Prospective Investors in Switzerland

The shares may not be publicly offered in Switzerland and will not be listed on the SIX Swiss Exchange (“SIX”) or on any other stock exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. This document has been prepared without regard to the disclosure standards for issuance prospectuses under art. 652a or art. 1156 of the Swiss Code of Obligations or the disclosure standards for listing prospectuses under art. 27 ff. of the SIX Listing Rules or the listing rules of any other stock exchange or regulated trading facility in Switzerland. Neither this document nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the shares or the offering may be publicly distributed or otherwise made publicly available in Switzerland.

Neither this document nor any other offering or marketing material relating to the offering, the Company, the shares have been or will be filed with or approved by any Swiss regulatory authority. In particular, this document will not be filed with, and the offer of shares will not be supervised by, the Swiss Financial Market Supervisory Authority FINMA (FINMA), and the offer of shares has not been and will not be authorized under the Swiss Federal Act on Collective Investment Schemes (“CISA”). The investor protection afforded to acquirers of interests in collective investment schemes under the CISA does not extend to acquirers of shares.

Notice to Prospective Investors in the Dubai International Financial Centre

This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus relates to an Exempt Offer in accordance with the Offered Securities Rules of the Dubai Financial Services Authority (“DFSA”). This prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus is intended for distribution only to persons of a type specified in the Offered Securities Rules of the DFSA. This document must not be delivered to, or relied on by, any other person. The DFSA has no responsibility for reviewing or verifying any documents in connection with Exempt Offers. The DFSA has not approved this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus nor taken steps to verify the information set forth herein or therein and has no responsibility for the prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus. The shares to which this prospectus supplement and the accompany prospectus relates may be illiquid and/or subject to restrictions on their resale. Prospective purchasers of the shares offered should conduct their own due diligence on the shares. If you do not understand the contents of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus you should consult an authorized financial advisor.

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LEGAL MATTERS

Certain legal matters and certain federal income tax matters will be passed upon for us by Bass, Berry & Sims PLC, Memphis, Tennessee. Certain matters of Maryland law, including the validity of the common stock to be issued in connection with this offering, will be passed upon for us by Venable LLP, Baltimore, Maryland. Sidley Austin LLP, New York, New York will act as counsel to the underwriters with respect to this offering.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements incorporated in this prospectus supplement by reference from Education Realty Trust, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 21, 2011, and the effectiveness of Education Realty Trust, Inc. and subsidiaries’ (the “Trust”) internal control over financial reporting have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is incorporated herein by reference (which report (1) expresses an unqualified opinion and includes an explanatory paragraph relating to the retrospective effects of the presentation of discontinued operations in accordance with authoritative guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board and (2) expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting). Such consolidated financial statements have been so incorporated in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

The statements of certain revenues and certain expenses of University Village Towers in Riverside, California for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 and of GrandMarc at Westberry Place in Ft. Worth, Texas for the year ended December 31, 2010 have been audited by Dixon Hughes Goodman LLP, independent auditors, as stated in their reports, appearing herein, and are included in reliance upon the reports of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We are a public company and file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any document we file at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. You may request copies of these documents by writing to the SEC and paying a fee for the copying cost. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for more information about the operation of the public reference room. Our SEC filings are also available to the public at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, you may read and copy our SEC filings at the office of the New York Stock Exchange at 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005. We also make available free of charge through our website our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, as well as the definitive proxy statement and Section 16 reports on Forms 3, 4 and 5. Our website address is http://www.educationrealty.com. However, the information located on, or accessible from, our website is not, and shall not be deemed to be, except as described below, a part of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus or incorporated into any other filings that we make with the SEC.

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” the information we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus, and the information we file subsequently with the SEC prior to the completion of this offering will automatically update and supersede this information.

We previously filed the following documents with the SEC and such filings are incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement:

Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 (including portions of our definitive Proxy Statement for the 2011 Annual Meeting of Stockholders incorporated therein by reference);
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011;
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2011;

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Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 3, 2011;
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 7, 2011 (excluding the information furnished under Item 7.01 and Exhibit 99.1);
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 25, 2011;
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 6, 2011;
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 2, 2011;
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 20, 2011;
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 26, 2011;
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 21, 2011;
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 1, 2011; and
the description of our common stock contained in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed on January 25, 2005.

All documents that we file pursuant to Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act after the date of this prospectus supplement and before all of the securities offered by this prospectus supplement are sold are incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement from the date of the filing of such documents, except for information “furnished” under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K or other information “furnished” to the SEC which is not deemed filed and not incorporated by reference into this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus. Information that we subsequently file with the SEC as aforesaid will automatically update and will, to the extent inconsistent, supersede information in this prospectus supplement and the accompanying prospectus and information that we previously filed with the SEC.

You may request a copy of these filings (other than exhibits, unless the exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference into these documents) at no cost by writing or calling Investor Relations at the following address and telephone number:

Education Realty Trust, Inc.
530 Oak Court Drive, Suite 300
Memphis, Tennessee 38117
(901) 259-2500

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PROSPECTUS

$500,000,000

[GRAPHIC MISSING]

Common Stock
Preferred Stock
Debt Securities
Depositary Shares
Subscription Rights



 

We may offer, from time to time, one or more series or classes of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, depositary shares and subscription rights. We refer to our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, depositary shares and subscription rights collectively as the “securities.”

We may offer these securities with an aggregate initial public offering price of up to $500,000,000, or its equivalent in a foreign currency based on the exchange rate at the time of sale, in amounts, at initial prices and on terms determined at the time of the offering. We may offer the securities separately or together, in separate series or classes and in amounts, at prices and on terms described in one or more supplements to this prospectus.

We will deliver this prospectus together with an accompanying prospectus supplement setting forth the specific terms of the securities we are offering. The accompanying prospectus supplement also will contain information, where applicable, about U.S. federal income tax considerations relating to, and any listing on a securities exchange of, the securities covered by the prospectus supplement. In addition, the specific terms may include limitations on direct or beneficial ownership and restrictions on transfer of the securities offered by this prospectus, in each case as may be appropriate to preserve our status as a real estate investment trust for federal income tax purposes.

We may offer and sell these securities to or through one or more underwriters, dealers and agents, or directly to purchasers, on a continuous or delayed basis. If any underwriters, dealers or agents are involved in the sale of any of the securities, their names, and any applicable purchase price, fee, commission or discount arrangement with, between or among them, will be set forth, or will be calculable from the information set forth, in an accompanying prospectus supplement. For more detailed information, see “Plan of Distribution” in this prospectus. No securities may be sold without delivery of an accompanying prospectus supplement describing the method and terms of the offering of those securities.

Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “EDR.”



 

Investing in our securities involves substantial risks. See “Risk Factors” beginning on page 3 of this prospectus, as well as the “Risk Factors” incorporated by reference herein from our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other reports and information that we file with the Securities and Exchange Commission.



 

Neither the Securities and Exchange Commission nor any state securities commission has approved or disapproved of these securities or determined if this prospectus is truthful or complete. Any representation to the contrary is a criminal offense.



 

The date of this prospectus is November 2, 2011.


 
 

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  Page
ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS     1  
FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS     1  
THE COMPANY     2  
RISK FACTORS     3  
CONSOLIDATED RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES     3  
USE OF PROCEEDS     3  
DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK     4  
DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES     13  
DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES     20  
DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS     22  
BOOK ENTRY PROCEDURES AND SETTLEMENT     22  
MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS     23  
PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION     46  
LEGAL MATTERS     48  
EXPERTS     48  
WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION     48  
INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE     49  
INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS     F-1  

No dealer, salesperson or other person is authorized to give any information or to represent anything not contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus we may provide you in connection with an offering of securities. You must not rely on any unauthorized information or representations not contained or incorporated by reference in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus. This prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus does not constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy any securities other than the registered securities to which they relate, nor does this prospectus, any accompanying supplement to this prospectus or any free writing prospectus constitute an offer to sell or the solicitation of an offer to buy securities in any jurisdiction to any person to whom it is unlawful to make such offer or solicitation in such jurisdiction. The information contained in this prospectus, any prospectus supplement to this prospectus, any free writing prospectus or the documents incorporated by reference herein or therein are accurate only as of the date of such document. Our business, financial condition, liquidity, results of operations, funds from operations and prospects may have changed since those dates.

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ABOUT THIS PROSPECTUS

This prospectus is part of a registration statement on Form S-3 that we filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission, or SEC, using a “shelf” registration process for the delayed offering and sale of securities pursuant to Rule 415 under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, or the Securities Act. Under the shelf registration process, we may, over time, sell any combination of the securities described in this prospectus in one or more offerings. This prospectus provides you with a general description of the securities that we may offer. As allowed by SEC rules, this prospectus does not contain all the information you can find in the registration statement or the exhibits to the registration statement. We will not use this prospectus to offer and sell securities unless it is accompanied by a prospectus supplement that more fully describes the securities being offered and the terms of the offering. Any accompanying prospectus supplement or free writing prospectus may also add to, update or supersede other information contained in this prospectus. Before purchasing any securities, you should carefully read this prospectus, any prospectus supplement and any free writing prospectus together with the information incorporated or deemed to be incorporated by reference herein as described under the heading “Where You Can Find More Information” in this prospectus. All references to “we,” “our,” “us,” “EDR” and the “Company” in this prospectus mean Education Realty Trust, Inc. and its consolidated subsidiaries, except where it is made clear that the term means only Education Realty Trust, Inc.

FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

This prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement, including the documents incorporated by reference into this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus supplement, contain “forward-looking statements” within the meaning of Section 27A of the Securities Act and Section 21E of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, or the Exchange Act. Forward-looking statements provide our current expectations or forecasts of future events and are not statements of historical fact. These forward-looking statements include information about possible or assumed future events, including, among other things, discussion and analysis of our future financial condition, results of operations and funds from operations, our strategic plans and objectives, cost management, occupancy and leasing rates and trends, liquidity and ability to refinance our indebtedness as it matures, anticipated capital expenditures (and access to capital) required to complete projects, amounts of anticipated cash distributions to our stockholders in the future and other matters. Words such as “anticipates,” “expects,” “intends,” “plans,” “believes,” “seeks,” “estimates” and variations of these words and similar expressions are intended to identify forward-looking statements. These statements are not guarantees of future performance and are subject to risks, uncertainties and other factors, some of which are beyond our control, are difficult to predict and/or could cause actual results to differ materially from those expressed or forecasted in the forward-looking statements.

Forward-looking statements involve inherent uncertainty and may ultimately prove to be incorrect or false. You are cautioned to not place undue reliance on forward-looking statements. Except as otherwise may be required by law, we undertake no obligation to update or revise forward-looking statements to reflect changed assumptions, the occurrence of unanticipated events or actual operating results. Our actual results could differ materially from those anticipated in these forward-looking statements as a result of various factors, including, but not limited to:

risks and uncertainties related to the recent recession, the national and local economies, and the real estate industry in general and in our specific markets (including university enrollment conditions and admission policies and our relationship with these universities);
volatility in the capital markets;
rising interest and insurance rates;
competition from university-owned or other private collegiate housing and our inability to obtain new tenants on favorable terms, or at all, upon the expiration of existing leases;
availability and terms of capital and financing, both to fund our operations and to refinance our indebtedness as it matures;

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legislative or regulatory changes, including changes to laws governing collegiate housing, construction and real estate investment trusts;
our possible failure to qualify as a real estate investment trust, or REIT, and the risk of changes in laws affecting REITs;
our dependence upon key personnel whose continued service is not guaranteed;
our ability to identify, hire and retain highly-qualified executives in the future;
availability of appropriate acquisition and development targets;
failure to integrate acquisitions successfully;
the financial condition and liquidity of, or disputes with, our joint venture and development partners;
impact of ad valorem, property and income taxes;
changes in generally accepted accounting principles;
construction delays, increasing construction costs or construction costs that exceed estimates;
potential liability for uninsured losses and environmental liabilities; and
lease-up risks.

This list of risks and uncertainties, however, is only a summary of some of the most important factors and is not intended to be exhaustive. You should carefully review the risks and information contained, or incorporated by reference, in this prospectus or in any accompanying prospectus supplement, including, without limitation, the “Risk Factors” incorporated by reference herein from our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and other reports and information that we file with the SEC. New factors may also emerge from time to time that could materially and adversely affect us.

THE COMPANY

We are a self-managed and self-advised REIT, organized in July 2004 to develop, acquire, own and manage collegiate housing communities located on or near university campuses. We were formed to continue and expand upon the collegiate housing business of Allen & O’Hara, Inc., a company with over 40 years of experience as an owner, manager and developer of collegiate housing. We own and operate collegiate housing communities, provide third-party management services for collegiate housing communities, selectively develop collegiate housing communities for our own account and provide third-party development and construction consulting services on collegiate housing development projects for universities and other third parties.

Our primary business objective is to achieve sustainable long-term growth in cash flow per share in order to maximize long-term stockholder value. We intend to achieve this objective by (i) acquiring collegiate housing communities nationwide that meet our focused investment criteria, (ii) maximizing net operating income from the operation of our owned communities through proactive and goal-oriented property management strategies, (iii) building our third-party business of management services and development and construction consulting services and (iv) selectively developing communities for our own account.

All of our assets are held by, and we conduct substantially all of our activities through, Education Realty Operating Partnership, LP, or the Operating Partnership, and its wholly owned subsidiaries. We are the sole general partner of our Operating Partnership, and, as a result, our board of directors effectively directs all of the Operating Partnership’s affairs. As of June 30, 2011, we owned 98.8% of the outstanding partnership units of the Operating Partnership. In addition, University Towers Operating Partnership, LP, or the University Towers Partnership, which is our affiliate, owns and operates our University Towers property located in Raleigh, North Carolina. As of June 30, 2011, we owned 72.7% of the units in the University Towers Partnership.

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Our executive offices are located at 530 Oak Court Drive, Suite 300, Memphis, Tennessee 38117, and our telephone number is (901) 259-2500. Our website address is www.educationrealty.com. However, the information located on, or accessible from, our website is not, and shall not be deemed to be, a part of this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus supplement or any free writing prospectus or incorporated into any other filings that we make with the SEC.

RISK FACTORS

Investment in any securities offered pursuant to this prospectus involves substantial risks. You should carefully consider the risk factors incorporated by reference to our most recent Annual Report on Form 10-K, our subsequent Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q and the other information contained in this prospectus, as updated by our subsequent filings under the Exchange Act, and the risk factors and other information contained in any accompanying prospectus supplement before acquiring any of such securities. The occurrence of any of these risks might cause you to lose all or part of your investment in the offered securities. Please also refer to the section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements” in this prospectus.

CONSOLIDATED RATIO OF EARNINGS TO FIXED CHARGES

Our consolidated ratios of earnings to fixed charges for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009 and 2010 are set forth below. For purposes of calculating the ratio of earnings to fixed charges, earnings consist of income before taxes, noncontrolling interest and equity in earnings of equity investees, plus fixed charges less capitalized interest. Fixed charges include, where applicable, interest expense, capitalized interest, amortization of premiums, discounts, and deferred financing costs related to debt and an estimate of the interest component of rent expense.

           
  Year Ended December 31,   Six Months
Ended
June 30, 2011
     2006   2007   2008   2009   2010
Ratio of earnings to fixed charges     *       *       *       1.1       *       *  

* For the years ended December 31, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2010 and the six months ended June 30, 2011, fixed charges exceeded earnings by $12.7 million, $6.8 million, $5.5 million, $7.1 million and $0.7 million, respectively.

USE OF PROCEEDS

Unless we specify otherwise in an accompanying prospectus supplement, we intend to use the net proceeds from the sale of securities by us to provide additional funds for general corporate purposes. Any allocation of the net proceeds of an offering of securities to a specific purpose will be determined at the time of such offering and will be described in the accompanying supplement to this prospectus.

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DESCRIPTION OF CAPITAL STOCK

General

We were formed under the laws of the State of Maryland. Rights of our stockholders are governed by the Maryland General Corporation Law, or MGCL, our charter and our bylaws. The following is a summary of the material provisions of our capital stock.

Authorized Stock

Our charter provides that we may issue up to 200,000,000 shares of common stock, par value $0.01 per share, and 50,000,000 shares of preferred stock, par value $0.01 per share. In addition, our charter provides that our board of directors, without any action by our stockholders, may amend our charter from time to time to increase or decrease the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue. As of October 17, 2011, there were 76,361,441 shares of common stock issued and outstanding and no shares of preferred stock issued and outstanding.

Common Stock

Subject to the preferential rights of any other class or series of stock and to the provisions of the charter regarding the restrictions on ownership and transfer of stock, holders of shares of our common stock are entitled to receive distributions on such stock when, as and if authorized by our board of directors out of funds legally available therefor and declared by us and to share ratably in the assets of our company legally available for distribution to our stockholders in the event of our liquidation, dissolution or winding up after payment of or adequate provision for all known debts and liabilities of our company, including the preferential rights on dissolution of any class or classes of preferred stock.

Subject to the provisions of our charter regarding the restrictions on ownership and transfer of stock and except as may otherwise be specified in the terms of any class or series of common stock, each outstanding share of our common stock entitles the holder to one vote on all matters submitted to a vote of stockholders, including the election of directors and, except as provided with respect to any other class or series of stock, the holders of such shares will possess the exclusive voting power. There is no cumulative voting in the election of our board of directors, which means that the holders of a majority of the outstanding shares of our common stock can elect all of the directors then standing for election and the holders of the remaining shares will not be able to elect any directors.

Holders of shares of our common stock have no preference, conversion, exchange, sinking fund, or redemption rights, have no preemptive rights to subscribe for any securities of our company and generally have no appraisal rights unless our board of directors determines that appraisal rights apply, with respect to all or any classes or series of stock, to one or more transactions occurring after the date of such determination in connection with which holders would otherwise be entitled to exercise appraisal rights. Subject to the provisions of the charter regarding the restrictions on ownership and transfer of stock, shares of our common stock will have equal distribution, liquidation and other rights.

Under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation generally cannot dissolve, amend its charter, merge, consolidate, transfer all or substantially all of its assets, engage in a statutory share exchange or engage in similar transactions outside the ordinary course of business unless declared advisable by the board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders holding at least two-thirds of the shares entitled to vote on the matter unless a lesser percentage (but not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter) is set forth in the corporation’s charter. Our charter provides for a lesser percentage for these matters. Therefore, except for certain charter amendments, any such action will be effective and valid if declared advisable by our board of directors and taken or approved by the affirmative vote of stockholders entitled to cast a majority of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter. In addition, Maryland law permits a corporation to transfer all or substantially all of its assets without the approval of the stockholders of the corporation to one or more persons if all of the equity interests of the person or persons are owned, directly or indirectly, by the corporation. Maryland law also does not require approval of the stockholders of a parent corporation to merge or sell all or substantially all of the assets of a subsidiary entity.

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Our charter authorizes our board of directors to reclassify any unissued shares of our common stock into other classes or series of classes of stock and to establish the number of shares in each class or series and to set the preferences, conversion and other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications or terms or conditions of redemption for each such class or series.

Preferred Stock

Our charter authorizes our board of directors to classify any unissued shares of preferred stock and to reclassify any unissued shares of common stock and any previously classified but unissued shares of preferred stock of any series. Prior to issuance of shares of each series, our board of directors is required by the MGCL and our charter to set the terms, preferences, conversion or other rights, voting powers, restrictions, limitations as to dividends or other distributions, qualifications and terms or conditions of redemption for each such series. Thus, our board of directors could authorize the issuance of shares of common or preferred stock with terms and conditions which could have the effect of delaying, deferring or preventing a transaction or a change of control in EDR that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in their best interest. If we offer shares of preferred stock, the accompanying prospectus supplement will describe each of the following terms that may be applicable in respect of any preferred stock offered and issued pursuant to this prospectus:

the specific designation, number of shares, seniority and purchase price;
any liquidation preference per share;
any maturity date;
any mandatory or optional redemption or repayment dates and terms or sinking fund provisions;
any dividend rate or rates and the dates on which any dividends will be payable (or the method by which such rates or dates will be determined);
any voting rights;
any rights to convert the preferred stock into other securities or rights, including a description of the securities or rights into which such preferred stock is convertible (which may include other shares of preferred stock) and the terms and conditions upon which such conversions will be effected, including, without limitation, conversion rates or formulas, conversion periods and other related provisions;
the place or places where dividends and other payments with respect to the preferred stock will be payable; and
any additional voting, dividend, liquidation, redemption and other rights, preferences, privileges, limitations and restrictions, including restrictions imposed for the purpose of maintaining our qualification as a REIT under the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, or the Code.

Power to Increase Authorized Stock and Issue Additional Shares of Our Common Stock and Preferred Stock

We believe that the power of our board of directors, without stockholder approval, to amend our charter from time to time to increase the aggregate number of shares of stock or the number of shares of stock of any class or series that we have authority to issue, to issue additional authorized but unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and to classify or reclassify unissued shares of our common stock or preferred stock and thereafter to cause us to issue such classified or reclassified shares of stock will provide us with flexibility in structuring possible future financings and acquisitions and in meeting other needs which might arise. The additional classes or series, as well as the common stock, will be available for issuance without further action by our stockholders, unless stockholder consent is required by applicable law or the rules of any stock exchange or automated quotation system on which our securities may be listed or traded. Although our board of directors does not intend to do so, it could authorize us to issue a class or series that could, depending upon the terms of the particular class or series, delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control in EDR that might involve a premium price for our stockholders or otherwise be in their best interest.

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Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer

In order for us to qualify as a REIT under the Code, not more than 50% of the value of the outstanding shares of our capital stock may be owned, actually or constructively, by five or fewer individuals (as defined in the Code to include certain entities) during the last half of a taxable year (other than the first year for which an election to be a REIT has been made by us). In addition, if we, or one or more owners (actually or constructively) of 10% or more of us, actually or constructively owns 10% or more of a tenant of ours (or a tenant of any partnership in which we are a partner), the rent received by us (either directly or through any such partnership) from such tenant will not be qualifying income for purposes of the REIT gross income tests of the Code. Our capital stock must also be beneficially owned by 100 or more persons during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months or during a proportionate part of a shorter taxable year (other than the first year for which an election to be a REIT has been made by us). For further discussion, see “Material U.S. Federal Income Tax Considerations.”

Our charter contains restrictions on the ownership and transfer of our capital stock. The relevant sections of our charter provide that, subject to the exceptions described below, no person or persons acting as a group may own, or be deemed to own by virtue of the attribution provisions of the Code, more than (i) 9.8% of the most restrictive of the number, voting power, or value of shares of our outstanding capital stock or (ii) 9.8% of the most restrictive of the number, voting power or value of our outstanding common stock. We refer to this restriction as the “ownership limit.”

The ownership attribution rules under the Code are complex and may cause stock owned actually or constructively by a group of related individuals and/or entities to be owned constructively by one individual or entity. As a result, the acquisition of less than 9.8% of our capital stock (or the acquisition of an interest in an entity that owns, actually or constructively, our capital stock) by an individual or entity, could, nevertheless cause that individual or entity, or another individual or entity, to own constructively in excess of 9.8% of our outstanding capital stock and thereby subject that capital stock to the ownership limit.

Our board of directors may, in its sole discretion, waive (prospectively or retroactively) the ownership limit with respect to one or more stockholders who are not treated as “individuals” for purposes of the REIT ownership restrictions under the Code if it obtains such representations and undertakings as are reasonably necessary to ascertain that no individual’s beneficial or constructive ownership of shares of our capital stock will violate the ownership limit and such stockholders do not and represent that they will not own, actually or constructively, an interest in any tenant of ours (or a tenant of any entity owned or controlled by us) that would cause us to own, actually or constructively, more than a 9.9% interest in such tenant. Such stockholders must also agree that any violation or attempted violation of these restrictions will result in the automatic transfer of the shares of capital stock causing the violation to a charitable trust.

As a condition of any grant of a waiver from the ownership limit, our board of directors may require an opinion of counsel or IRS ruling satisfactory to our board of directors and/or representations or undertakings from the applicant with respect to preserving our REIT status.

In connection with the waiver of the ownership limit or at any other time, our board of directors may decrease the ownership limit for all other persons and entities. The decreased ownership limit will not be effective for any person or entity whose percentage ownership in our capital stock is in excess of such decreased ownership limit until such time as such person or entity’s percentage ownership equals or falls below the decreased ownership limit, but any further acquisition of our capital stock in excess of such percentage ownership will be in violation of the ownership limit. Additionally, the new ownership limit may not allow five or fewer “individuals” (as defined for purposes of the REIT ownership restrictions under the Code) to beneficially own more than 49.9% of the value of our outstanding capital stock.

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Our charter further prohibits:

any person from actually or constructively owning shares of our capital stock that would result in us being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise cause us to fail to qualify as a REIT; and
any person from transferring shares of our capital stock if such transfer would result in shares of our capital stock being beneficially owned by fewer than 100 persons (determined without reference to any rules of attribution).

Any person who acquires or attempts or intends to acquire beneficial or constructive ownership of our capital stock that will or may violate any of the foregoing restrictions on transferability and ownership will be required to give written notice immediately to us (or, in the case of a proposed or attempted transaction, at least 15 days prior written notice) and provide us with such other information as we may request in order to determine the effect of such transfer on our status as a REIT. The foregoing provisions on transferability and ownership will not apply if our board of directors determines that it is no longer in our best interests to attempt to qualify, or to continue to qualify, as a REIT or that compliance with the restrictions is no longer required for REIT qualification.

Pursuant to our charter, any attempted transfer of our capital stock which, if effective, would result in our stock being owned by fewer than 100 persons will be null and void. In addition, if any purported transfer of our stock or any other event would result in any person violating the ownership limit or our being “closely held” under Section 856(h) of the Code or otherwise failing to qualify as a REIT, then the number of shares of capital stock in excess of the ownership limit or causing the violation (rounded to the nearest whole share) will be automatically transferred to, and held by, a trust for the exclusive benefit of one or more charitable organizations selected by us. However, in the event that the transfer to the trust would not be effective for any reason to prevent the violation, then any such purported transfer will be void and of no force or effect with respect to the purported transferee or owner (collectively referred to hereinafter as the “purported owner”) as to the number of shares of capital stock in excess of the ownership limit or causing the violation. The trustee of the trust will be designated by us and must be unaffiliated with us and with any purported owner. The automatic transfer will be effective as of the close of business on the business day prior to the date of the violative transfer or other event that results in a transfer to the trust. The purported owner will have no rights to the shares of capital stock held by the trustee. Any dividend or other distribution paid to the purported owner, prior to our discovery that the shares of capital stock had been automatically transferred to a trust as described above, must be repaid to the trustee upon demand for distribution to the charitable beneficiary of the trust and all dividends and other distributions paid by us with respect to such “excess” shares prior to the sale by the trustee of such shares shall be paid to the trustee for the beneficiary.

Subject to Maryland law, effective as of the date that such excess shares of capital stock have been transferred to the trust, the trustee shall have the authority (at the trustee’s sole discretion and subject to applicable law) (i) to rescind as void any vote cast by a purported owner prior to our discovery that such shares have been transferred to the trust and (ii) to recast such vote in accordance with the desires of the trustee acting for the benefit of the beneficiary of the trust, provided, however, that if we have already taken irreversible action, then the trustee shall not have the authority to rescind and recast such vote.

Shares of our capital stock transferred to the trustee are deemed offered for sale to us, or our designee, at a price per share equal to the lesser of (i) the price paid by the purported owner for such shares (or, if the event which resulted in the transfer to the trust did not involve a purchase of such shares at market price, the market price on the day of the event which resulted in the transfer of such shares to the trust) and (ii) the market price on the date we, or our designee, accepts such offer. We may reduce the amount payable to the purported owner by the amount of dividends and other distributions which have been paid to the purported owner and are owed by the purported owner to the trustee. We may pay the amount of such reduction to the trustee for the benefit of the charitable beneficiary. We have the right to accept such offer until the trustee has sold the shares of our capital stock held in the trust pursuant to the clauses discussed below. Upon a sale to us, the interest of the charitable beneficiary in such shares sold terminates and the trustee must distribute the net proceeds of the sale to the purported owner and any dividends or other distributions held by the trustee with respect to such capital stock will be paid to the charitable beneficiary.

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If we do not buy the shares, the trustee must, within 20 days of receiving notice from us of the transfer of shares of capital stock to the trust, sell the shares to a person or entity designated by the trustee who could own the shares without violating the ownership limits or other restrictions. After that, the trustee must distribute to the purported owner an amount equal to the lesser of (i) the net price paid by the purported owner for the shares (or, if the event which resulted in the transfer to the trust did not involve a purchase of such shares at market price, the market price on the day of the event which resulted in the transfer of such shares of our stock to the trust) and (ii) the net sales proceeds received by the trust for the shares. The trustee may reduce the amount payable to the purported owner by the amount of dividends and other distributions which have been paid to the purported owner and are owed by the purported owner to the trustee. Any proceeds in excess of the amount distributable to the purported owner will be distributed to the charitable beneficiary. If, prior to our discovery that shares of capital stock have been transferred to the trustee, such shares are sold by a purported owner, then such shares will be deemed to have been sold on behalf of the trust and, to the extent that the purported owner received an amount for such shares that exceeds the amount that the purported owner was entitled to receive, the excess must be paid to the trustee upon demand.

All persons who own, directly or by virtue of the attribution provisions of the Code, 5% or more (or such other percentage as provided in the regulations promulgated under the Code) of our outstanding stock must give written notice to us within 30 days after the end of each taxable year. In addition, each stockholder will, upon demand, be required to disclose to us in writing such information with respect to the direct, indirect and constructive ownership of shares of our stock as our board of directors deems reasonably necessary to comply with the provisions of the Code applicable to a REIT, to comply with the requirements or any taxing authority or governmental agency or to determine any such compliance.

Any certificates representing shares of our capital stock shall bear a legend referring to the restrictions described above.

These ownership limits could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control in EDR that might involve a premium price over the then prevailing market price for the holders of some, or a majority, of our outstanding shares of common stock or which such holders might believe to be otherwise in their best interest.

Transfer Agent and Registrar

The transfer agent and registrar for our common stock is American Stock Transfer & Trust Company, LLC.

Material provisions of Maryland law and of our charter and bylaws

The following is a summary of certain provisions of Maryland law and of our charter and bylaws. See “Where You Can Find More Information” in this prospectus.

The Board of Directors.  Our bylaws provide that the number of directors of our Company may be established by our board of directors but may not be fewer than the minimum number permitted under the MGCL (generally, one) nor more than 15. Any vacancy may be filled, at any regular meeting or at any special meeting called for that purpose, only by a majority of the remaining directors, even if the remaining directors do not constitute a quorum, and any director elected to fill a vacancy will serve for the remainder of the full term of the directorship in which such vacancy occurred and until a successor is elected and qualifies.

Each member of our board of directors will serve one-year terms, with each current director serving until the next annual meeting of stockholders and until their respective successors are duly elected and qualify. Our common stockholders will have no right to cumulative voting in the election of directors. Consequently, at each annual meeting of stockholders at which our board of directors is elected, the holders of a majority of the shares of our common stock will be able to elect all of the members of our board of directors. Moreover, our charter permits our stockholders to remove a director, but only for cause, upon the affirmative vote of a majority of the shares of our common stock entitled to vote generally in the election of directors.

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Business Combinations.  Maryland law prohibits “business combinations” between a corporation and an interested stockholder or an affiliate of an interested stockholder for five years after the most recent date on which the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder. These business combinations include a merger, consolidation, statutory share exchange, or, in circumstances specified in the statute, certain transfers of assets, certain stock issuances and transfers, liquidation plans and reclassifications involving interested stockholders and their affiliates. Maryland law defines an interested stockholder as:

any person who beneficially owns 10% or more of the voting power of our outstanding voting stock; or
an affiliate or associate of the corporation who, at any time within the two-year period prior to the date in question, was the beneficial owner of 10% or more of the voting power of the then-outstanding stock of the corporation.

A person is not an interested stockholder if the board of directors approves in advance the transaction by which the person otherwise would have become an interested stockholder. However, in approving the transaction, the board of directors may provide that its approval is subject to compliance, at or after the time of approval, with any terms and conditions determined by the board of directors.

After the five-year prohibition, any business combination between a corporation and an interested stockholder generally must be recommended by the board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of at least:

80% of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of the then outstanding shares of voting stock; and
two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast by holders of the voting stock other than shares held by the interested stockholder with whom or with whose affiliate the business combination is to be effected or shares held by an affiliate or associate of the interested stockholder.

These super-majority vote requirements do not apply if the common stockholders receive a minimum price, as defined under Maryland law, for their shares in the form of cash or other consideration in the same form as previously paid by the interested stockholder for its shares.

The statute permits various exemptions from its provisions, including business combinations that are approved by the board of directors before the time that the interested stockholder becomes an interested stockholder.

Our board of directors has by resolution exempted any business combination between the corporation and our officers and directors from these provisions of the MGCL and, consequently, the five-year prohibition and the super-majority vote requirements will not apply to business combinations between us and any of our officers and directors unless our board later resolves otherwise. We believe that our ownership restrictions will substantially reduce the risk that a stockholder would become an “interested stockholder” within the meaning of the Maryland business combination statute.

Control Share Acquisitions.  The MGCL provides that “control shares” of a Maryland corporation acquired in a “control share acquisition” have no voting rights except to the extent approved at a special meeting by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, excluding shares of stock in a corporation in respect of which any of the following persons is entitled to exercise or direct the exercise of the voting power of shares of stock of the corporation in the election of directors: (i) a person who makes or proposes to make a control share acquisition, (ii) an officer of the corporation or (iii) an employee of the corporation who is also a director of the corporation. “Control shares” are voting shares of stock which, if aggregated with all other such shares of stock previously acquired by the acquiror or in respect of which the acquiror is able to exercise or direct the exercise of voting power (except solely by virtue of a revocable proxy), would entitle the acquiror to exercise voting power in electing directors within one of the following ranges of voting power: (i) one-tenth or more but less than one-third, (ii) one-third or more but less than a majority, or (iii) a majority or more of all voting power. Control shares do not include shares that the acquiring person is then entitled to vote as a result of having previously obtained stockholder approval. A “control share acquisition” means the acquisition of issued and outstanding control shares, subject to certain exceptions.

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A person who has made or proposes to make a control share acquisition, upon satisfaction of certain conditions (including an undertaking to pay expenses), may compel our board of directors to call a special meeting of stockholders to be held within 50 days of demand to consider the voting rights of the shares. If no request for a meeting is made, the corporation may itself present the question at any stockholders meeting.

If voting rights are not approved at the meeting or if the acquiring person does not deliver an acquiring person statement as required by the statute, then, subject to certain conditions and limitations, the corporation may redeem any or all of the control shares (except those for which voting rights have previously been approved) for fair value determined, without regard to the absence of voting rights for the control shares, as of the date of the last control share acquisition by the acquiror or of any meeting of stockholders at which the voting rights of such shares are considered and not approved. If voting rights for control shares are approved at a stockholders meeting and the acquiror becomes entitled to vote a majority of the shares entitled to vote, all other stockholders may exercise appraisal rights. The fair value of the shares as determined for purposes of such appraisal rights may not be less than the highest price per share paid by the acquiror in the control share acquisition.

The control share acquisition statute does not apply (a) to shares acquired in a merger, consolidation or share exchange if the corporation is a party to the transaction or (b) to acquisitions approved or exempted by the charter or bylaws of the corporation.

Our bylaws contain a provision exempting from the control share acquisition statute any and all acquisitions by any person of our stock and, consequently, the applicability of the control share acquisitions unless we later amend our bylaws to modify or eliminate this provision.

Subtitle 8.  Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL permits a Maryland corporation with a class of equity securities registered under the Exchange Act and at least three independent directors to elect to be subject, by provision in its charter or bylaws or a resolution of its board of directors and notwithstanding any contrary provision in the charter or bylaws, to any or all of five provisions:

a classified board;
a two-thirds vote requirement for removing a director;
a requirement that the number of directors be fixed only by vote of the directors;
a requirement that a vacancy on the board be filled only by the remaining directors and for the remainder of the full term of the class of directors in which the vacancy occurred; and
a majority requirement for the calling by stockholders of a special meeting of stockholders.

Through provisions in our charter and bylaws unrelated to Subtitle 8, we already (a) vest in the board the exclusive power to fix the number of directorships and (b) require, unless called by our chairman of the board of directors, our president, our chief executive officer or the board of directors, the request of holders of a majority of outstanding shares entitled to vote to call a special meeting. We have elected to be subject to the provisions of Subtitle 8 relating to the filling of vacancies on the board.

Amendment to our charter.  Our charter may be amended only if declared advisable by the board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of at least a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter, other than amendments to provisions relating to the removal of directors or certain other amendments, which must be declared advisable by our board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of two-thirds of all the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.

Dissolution of our Company.  The dissolution of our Company must be declared advisable by a majority of the entire board of directors and approved by the affirmative vote of the holders of not less than a majority of all of the votes entitled to be cast on the matter.

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Advance notice of director nominations and new business.  Our bylaws provide that, with respect to an annual meeting of stockholders, nominations of individuals for election to our board of directors and the proposal of business to be considered by stockholders may be made only:

pursuant to our notice of the meeting;
by, or at the direction of, our board of directors; or
by a stockholder who is a stockholder of record both at the time of giving of notice and at the time of the annual meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting in the election of each individual so nominated or on any such other business and who has complied with the advance notice procedures set forth in our bylaws.

With respect to special meetings of stockholders, only the business specified in our Company’s notice of meeting may be brought before the meeting of stockholders, unless otherwise provided by law.

Nominations of individuals for election to our board of directors at any special meeting of stockholders may be made only:

by, or at the direction of, our board of directors; or
provided that our board of directors has determined that directors shall be elected at such special meeting, by any stockholder who is a stockholder of record both at the time of giving of notice and at the time of the special meeting, who is entitled to vote at the meeting in the election of each individual so nominated and who has complied with the advance notice procedures set forth in our bylaws.

Anti-takeover effect of certain provisions of Maryland law and of our charter and bylaws.  The business combination provisions of the MGCL, the provisions of our charter regarding the restrictions on ownership and transfer of our stock and the advance notice provisions of our bylaws could delay, defer or prevent a transaction or a change of control in EDR that might involve a premium price for holders of our common stock or otherwise be in their best interest. Likewise, if our board of directors resolves to avail the corporation of any of the provisions of Subtitle 8 of Title 3 of the MGCL not currently applicable to us or if the provision in the bylaws opting out of the control share acquisition provisions of the MGCL were rescinded, these provisions of the MGCL could have similar anti-takeover effects.

Indemnification and limitation of directors’ and officers’ liability.  Maryland law permits us to include in our charter a provision limiting the liability of our directors and officers to us and our stockholders for money damages, except for liability resulting from (i) actual receipt of an improper benefit or profit in money, property or services or (ii) active and deliberate dishonesty established by a final judgment and material to the cause of action. Our charter contains a provision that eliminates directors’ and officers’ liability to the maximum extent permitted by Maryland law.

The MGCL requires a corporation unless its charter provides otherwise, which our charter does not, to indemnify a director or officer who has been successful, on the merits or otherwise, in the defense of any proceeding to which he or she is made, or threatened to be made, a party by reason of his or her service in that capacity. The MGCL permits a corporation to indemnify its present and former directors and officers, among others, against judgments, penalties, fines, settlements and reasonable expenses actually incurred by them in connection with any proceeding to which they may be made or threatened to be made a party by reason of their service in those or other capacities unless it is established that:

an act or omission of the director or officer was material to the matter giving rise to the proceeding and:
was committed in bad faith; or
was the result of active and deliberate dishonesty;

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the director or officer actually received an improper personal benefit in money, property or services; or
in the case of any criminal proceeding, the director or officer had reasonable cause to believe that the act or omission was unlawful.

However, under the MGCL, a Maryland corporation may not, and our Company will not, indemnify for an adverse judgment in a suit by or in the right of the corporation or for a judgment of liability on the basis that personal benefit was improperly received, unless in either case a court orders indemnification and then only for expenses. In addition, the MGCL permits a corporation to, and our Company will, advance reasonable expenses to a director or officer upon the corporation’s receipt of:

a written affirmation by the director or officer of his or her good faith belief that he or she has met the standard of conduct necessary for indemnification by the corporation; and
a written undertaking by the director or officer or on the director’s or officer’s behalf to repay the amount paid or reimbursed by the corporation if it is ultimately determined that the director or officer did not meet the standard of conduct.

Our charter authorizes us to obligate our Company and our bylaws obligate us, to the fullest extent permitted by Maryland law, to indemnify and, without requiring a preliminary determination of the ultimate entitlement to indemnification, pay or reimburse reasonable expenses in advance of final disposition of a proceeding to:

any present or former director or officer who is made, or threatened to be made, a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity; or
any individual who, while a director or officer of our Company and at our request, serves or has served another corporation, real estate investment trust, partnership, joint venture, trust, employee benefit plan or any other enterprise as a director, officer, partner or trustee and who is made, or threatened to be made, a party to the proceeding by reason of his or her service in that capacity.

Our bylaws also authorize us, subject to approval from our board of directors or a committee thereof, to indemnify and advance expenses to any person who served a predecessor of ours in any of the capacities described above and to any employee or agent of our Company or a predecessor of our Company.

The partnership agreements of our Operating Partnership and University Towers Partnership provide that we, as general partner of our Operating Partnership and University Towers Partnership, and our officers and directors are indemnified to the fullest extent permitted by law.

We have entered into indemnification agreements with each of our executive officers and directors.

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DESCRIPTION OF DEBT SECURITIES

We may issue debt securities under one or more trust indentures to be executed by us and a specified trustee. The terms of the debt securities will include those stated in the indenture and those made a part of the indenture by reference to the Trust Indenture Act of 1939, or the Trust Indenture Act. The indentures will be qualified under the Trust Indenture Act.

The following description sets forth certain anticipated general terms and provisions of the debt securities to which an accompanying prospectus supplement may relate. The particular terms of the debt securities offered by an accompanying prospectus supplement (which terms may be different than those stated below) and the extent, if any, to which such general provisions may apply to the debt securities so offered will be described in the prospectus supplement relating to such debt securities. Accordingly, for a description of the terms of a particular issue of debt securities, investors should review both the accompanying prospectus supplement relating thereto and the following description. A form of the indenture (as discussed herein) has been filed as an exhibit to the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part.

The debt securities will be our direct obligations and may be either senior debt securities or subordinated debt securities. The indebtedness represented by subordinated securities will be subordinated in right of payment to the prior payment in full of our senior debt (as defined in the applicable indenture).

Except as set forth in the applicable indenture and described in an accompanying prospectus supplement relating thereto, the debt securities may be issued without limit as to aggregate principal amount, in one or more series, secured or unsecured, in each case as established from time to time in or pursuant to authority granted by a resolution of the board of directors or as established in the applicable indenture. All debt securities of one series need not be issued at the same time and, unless otherwise provided, a series may be reopened, without the consent of the holders of the debt securities of such series, for issuance of additional debt securities of such series.

The accompanying prospectus supplement relating to any series of debt securities being offered will contain their specific terms, including, without limitation:

their title and whether they are senior securities or subordinated securities;
their initial aggregate principal amount and any limit on their aggregate principal amount;
the percentage of the principal amount at which they will be issued and, if other than 100% of the principal amount, the portion of the principal amount payable upon declaration of acceleration of their maturity;
the terms, if any, upon which they may be convertible into shares of our common stock or preferred stock and the terms and conditions upon which a conversion will be effected, including the initial conversion price or rate and the conversion period;
if convertible, the portion of the principal amount that is convertible into common stock or preferred stock, or the method by which any portion will be determined;
if convertible, any applicable limitations on the ownership or transferability of the common stock or preferred stock into which they are convertible;
the date or dates, or the method for determining the date or dates, on which the principal will be payable;
the rate or rates (which may be fixed or variable), or the method for determining the rate or rates, at which they will bear interest, if any;
the date or dates, or the method for determining the date or dates, from which any interest will accrue, the interest payment dates on which any interest will be payable, the regular record dates for the interest payment dates, or the method by which the date will be determined, the person to whom the interest will be payable, and the basis upon which interest will be calculated if other than that of a 360-day year of twelve 30-day months;

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the place or places where the principal (and premium, if any) and interest, if any, will be payable, where they may be surrendered for conversion or registration of transfer or exchange and where notices or demands to or upon us may be served;
the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which they may be redeemed, as a whole or in part, at our option, if we are to have the option;
our obligation, if any, to redeem, repay or purchase them pursuant to any sinking fund or analogous provision or at the option of a holder, and the period or periods within which, the price or prices at which and the terms and conditions upon which they will be redeemed, repaid or purchased, as a whole or in part, pursuant to this obligation;
if other than U.S. dollars, the currency or currencies in which they are denominated and payable, which may be a foreign currency or units of two or more foreign currencies or a composite currency or currencies, and the related terms and conditions;
whether the payments of principal (and premium, if any) or interest, if any, may be determined with reference to an index, formula or other method (which index, formula or method may, but need not be, based on a currency, currencies, currency unit or units or composite currencies) and the manner in which the amounts will be determined;
any additions to, modifications of or deletions from their terms with respect to the events of default or covenants set forth in the indenture;
any provisions for collateral security for their repayment;
whether they will be issued in certificated or book-entry form;
whether they will be in registered or bearer form and, if in registered form, the denominations if other than $1,000 and any integral multiple thereof and, if in bearer form, the denominations and related terms and conditions;
the applicability, if any, of defeasance and covenant defeasance provisions of the applicable indenture;
whether and under what circumstances we will pay additional amounts as contemplated in the applicable indenture in respect of any tax, assessment or governmental charge and, if so, whether we will have the option to redeem them in lieu of making the payment; and
any other terms and any deletions from or modifications or additions to the applicable indenture.

The debt securities may provide for less than the entire principal amount thereof to be payable upon declaration of acceleration of the maturity thereof. Special federal income tax, accounting and other considerations applicable to debt securities will be described in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

The applicable indenture may contain provisions that would limit our ability to incur indebtedness or that would afford holders of debt securities protection in the event of a highly leveraged or similar transaction involving us or in the event of a change of control.

Restrictions on ownership and transfer of our common stock and preferred stock are designed to preserve our status as a REIT and, therefore, may act to prevent or hinder a change of control. See “Description Of Capital Stock — Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer” in this prospectus. Investors should review the accompanying prospectus supplement for information with respect to any deletions from, modifications of or additions to the events of default or covenants that are described below, including any addition of a covenant or other provision providing event risk or similar protection.

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Merger, Consolidation or Sale

The applicable indenture will provide that we may consolidate with, or sell, lease or convey all or substantially all of our assets to, or merge with or into, any other corporation, provided that:

we are the continuing corporation, or the successor corporation (if other than EDR) formed by or resulting from any consolidation or merger or which has received the transfer of our assets will be organized and existing under U.S. or state law and expressly assumes payment of the principal of (and premium, if any), and interest on, all of the applicable debt securities and the due and punctual performance and observance of all of the covenants and conditions contained in the applicable indenture;
immediately after giving effect to the transaction and treating any indebtedness which becomes our obligation or the obligation of any subsidiary as a result thereof as having been incurred by us or such subsidiary at the time of the transaction, no event of default under the applicable indenture, and no event which, after notice or the lapse of time, or both, would become an event of default, will have occurred and be continuing; and
an officer’s certificate and legal opinion covering these conditions will be delivered to the trustee.

Covenants

The applicable indenture will contain covenants requiring us to take certain actions and prohibiting us from taking certain actions. The covenants with respect to any series of debt securities will be described in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Events of Default, Notice and Waiver

Each indenture will describe specific “events of default” with respect to a series of debt securities issued under the indenture. These “events of default” are likely to include (with grace and cure periods):

our failure to pay any installment of interest;
our failure to pay their principal (or premium, if any) at their maturity;
our failure to make any required sinking fund payment;
our breach of any other covenant or warranty contained in the applicable indenture (other than a covenant added to the indenture solely for the benefit of a different series of debt securities); and
certain events of bankruptcy, insolvency or reorganization, or court appointment of a receiver, liquidator or trustee of us or any substantial part of our property.

If an event of default under any indenture with respect to debt securities of any series at the time outstanding occurs and is continuing, then the applicable trustee or the holders of not less than 25% of the principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of that series may declare the principal amount (or, if the debt securities of that series are original issue discount securities or indexed securities, such portion of the principal amount as may be specified in the terms thereof) of all the debt securities of that series to be due and payable immediately by written notice thereof to us (and to the applicable trustee if given by the holders). However, at any time after such a declaration of acceleration with respect to debt securities of such series (or of all debt securities then outstanding under any indenture, as the case may be) has been made, but before a judgment or decree for payment of the money due has been obtained by the applicable trustee, the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of outstanding debt securities of such series (or of all debt securities then outstanding under the applicable indenture, as the case may be) may rescind and annul such declaration and its consequences if:

we shall have deposited with the applicable trustee all required payments of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the debt securities of such series (or of all debt securities then outstanding under the applicable indenture, as the case may be), plus certain fees, expenses, disbursements and advances of the applicable trustee; and

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all events of default, other than the non-payment of accelerated principal (or specified portion thereof), with respect to debt securities of such series (or of all debt securities then outstanding under the applicable indenture, as the case may be) have been cured or waived as provided in such indenture.

Each indenture also will provide that the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series (or of all debt securities then outstanding under the applicable indenture, as the case may be) may waive any past default with respect to the series and its consequences, except a:

payment default; or
covenant default that cannot be modified or amended without the consent of the holder of each outstanding debt security affected thereby.

Each trustee will be required to give notice to the holders of debt securities within a certain number of days of a default under the applicable indenture unless the default has been cured or waived; provided, however, that the trustee may withhold notice to the holders of any series of debt securities of any default with respect to the series (except a default in the payment of the principal of (or premium, if any) or interest on any debt security of the series or in the payment of any sinking fund installment in respect of any debt security of the series) if specified responsible officers of the trustee consider withholding the notice to be in the interest of the holders.

Each indenture will prohibit the holders of debt securities of any series from instituting any proceedings, judicial or otherwise, with respect to the indenture or for any remedy thereunder, except in the case of failure of the applicable trustee, for a certain period of time after the trustee has received a written request to institute proceedings in respect of an event of default from the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of such series, as well as the furnishing of indemnity reasonably satisfactory to it. This provision will not prevent any holder of debt securities from instituting a suit to enforce the payment of the principal of (and premium, if any) and interest on the debt securities at the respective due dates thereof.

Subject to the indenture, no trustee will be under any obligation to exercise any of its rights or powers under an indenture at the request or direction of any holders of any series of debt securities then outstanding, unless the holders furnish the trustee thereunder reasonable security or indemnity. The holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of any series (or of all debt securities then outstanding under an indenture, as the case may be) will have the right to direct the time, method and place of conducting any proceeding for any remedy available to the applicable trustee, or of exercising any trust or power conferred upon the trustee. However, a trustee may refuse to follow any direction which is in conflict with any law or the applicable indenture, which may involve the trustee in personal liability or which may be unduly prejudicial to the holders of debt securities of such series not joining therein.

Within a certain period of time of the close of each fiscal year, we will be required to deliver to each trustee, a certificate, signed by one of several specified officers, stating whether or not the officer has knowledge of any default under the applicable indenture and, if so, specifying each default and the nature and status thereof.

Modification of the Indenture

The indenture will likely be modified or amended, with the consent of the holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of each series of the outstanding debt securities issued under the indenture affected by the modification or amendment, provided that no modification or amendment may, without the consent of each affected holder of the debt securities:

change the stated maturity date of the principal of (or premium, if any) or any installment of interest, if any, on the debt securities;
reduce the principal amount of (or premium, if any) or the interest, if any, on the debt securities or the principal amount due upon acceleration of an original issue discount security;

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change the place or currency of payment of principal of (or premium, if any) or interest, if any, on the debt securities;
impair the right to institute suit for the enforcement of any payment on or with respect to the debt securities;
reduce the above-stated percentage of holders of the debt securities necessary to modify or amend the indenture; or
modify the foregoing requirements or reduce the percentage of the outstanding debt securities necessary to waive compliance with certain provisions of the indenture or for waiver of certain defaults.

A record date may be set for any act of the holders with respect to consenting to any amendment.

The holders of not less than a majority in principal amount of the outstanding debt securities of each series affected thereby will have the right to waive our compliance with certain covenants in the indenture. Each indenture will contain provisions for convening meetings of the holders of debt securities of a series to take permitted action. Under certain circumstances, we and the trustee may make modifications and amendments to an indenture without the consent of any holders of outstanding debt securities.

Redemption of Debt securities

The debt securities may be redeemed at any time at our option, in whole or in part, to protect our status as a REIT. The debt securities will also be subject to optional or mandatory redemption on terms and conditions described in the accompanying prospectus supplement.

Conversion of Debt securities

The terms and conditions, if any, upon which any debt securities are convertible into shares of our common stock or preferred stock will be set forth in the applicable prospectus supplement relating thereto. The terms will include:

whether the debt securities are convertible into shares of our common stock or preferred stock;
the conversion price (or the manner of calculating the price);
the conversion period;
the events requiring an adjustment to the conversion price and provisions affecting conversion if the debt securities are redeemed; and
any restrictions on conversion.

Subordination

Upon any distribution to our creditors in a liquidation, dissolution or reorganization, the payment of the principal of and interest on any subordinated securities will be subordinated to the extent provided in the applicable indenture to the prior payment in full of all senior securities. No payment of principal or interest will be permitted to be made on subordinated securities at any time if any payment default or any other default which permits accelerations exists. After all senior securities are paid in full and until the subordinated securities are paid in full, holders of subordinated securities will be subrogated to the right of holders of senior securities to the extent that distributions otherwise payable to holders of subordinated securities have been applied to the payment of senior securities. By reason of any subordination, in the event of a distribution of assets upon our insolvency, some of our general creditors may recover more, ratably, than holders of subordinated securities. The accompanying prospectus supplement or the information incorporated herein by reference will contain the approximate amount of senior securities outstanding as of the end of our most recent fiscal quarter.

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Global Debt Securities

The debt securities of a series may be issued in whole or in part in global form. The global securities will be deposited with a depositary, or with a nominee for a depositary, identified in the accompanying prospectus supplement. In this case, one or more global securities will be issued in a denomination or aggregate denominations equal to the portion of the aggregate principal amount of outstanding debt securities of the series to be represented by the global security or securities. Unless and until it is exchanged in whole or in part for debt securities in definitive form, a global security may not be transferred except as a whole by the depositary for the global security to a nominee of the depositary or by a nominee of the depositary to the depositary or another nominee of the depositary or by the depositary or any nominee to a successor of the depositary or a nominee of the successor.

The specific material terms of the depositary arrangement with respect to any portion of a series of debt securities to be represented by a global security will be described in the accompanying prospectus supplement. We anticipate that the following provisions will apply to all depositary arrangements.

Upon the issuance of a global security, the depositary for the global security will credit, on its book-entry registration and transfer system, the respective principal amounts of the debt securities represented by the global security to the accounts of persons, or participants, that have accounts with the depositary. The accounts to be credited will be designated by any underwriters or agents participating in the distribution of the debt securities. Ownership of beneficial interests in a global security will be limited to participants or persons that may hold interests through participants. Ownership of beneficial interests in the global security will be shown on, and the transfer of that ownership will be effected only through, records maintained by the depositary for the global security, with respect to interests of participants, or by participants or persons that hold through participants, with respect to interests of persons other than participants. So long as the depositary for a global security, or its nominee, is the registered owner of the global security, the depositary or the nominee, as the case may be, will be considered the sole owner or holder of the debt securities represented by the global security for all purposes under the indenture; provided, however, that for purposes of obtaining any consents or directions required to be given by the holders of the debt securities, we, the trustee and our agents will treat a person as the holder of the principal amount of debt securities as specified in a written statement of the depositary. Except as set forth herein or otherwise provided in the accompanying prospectus supplement, owners of beneficial interests in a global security will not be entitled to have the debt securities represented by the global security registered in their names, will not receive physical delivery of the debt securities in definitive form and will not be considered the owners or holders thereof under the indenture.

Principal, premium, if any, and interest payments on debt securities represented by a global security registered in the name of a depositary or its nominee will be made to the depositary or its nominee, as the case may be, as the registered owner of the global security. Neither we, the trustee nor any paying agent for the debt securities will have any responsibility or liability for any aspect of the records relating to or payments made on account of beneficial ownership interests in the global security or for maintaining, supervising or reviewing any records relating to the beneficial ownership interests.

We expect that the depositary for any debt securities represented by a global security, upon receipt of any payment of principal, premium, if any, or interest will immediately credit participants’ accounts with payments in amounts proportionate to their respective beneficial interests in the principal amount of the global security as shown on the records of the depositary. We also expect that payments by participants will be governed by standing instructions and customary practices, as is now the case with the securities held for the accounts of customers registered in “street names” and will be the responsibility of the participants.

If the depositary for any debt securities represented by a global security is at any time unwilling or unable to continue as depositary and a successor depositary is not appointed by us within the period of time set forth in the indenture, we will issue the debt securities in definitive form in exchange for the global security. In addition, we may at any time, and in our sole discretion, determine not to have any of the debt securities of a series represented by one or more global securities and, in that event, will issue debt securities of the series in definitive form in exchange for all of the global security or securities representing the debt securities.

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The laws of some states require that certain purchasers of securities take physical delivery of the securities in definitive form. These laws may impair the ability to transfer beneficial interests in debt securities represented by global securities.

Governing Law

The indenture and the debt securities will be governed by and construed in accordance with the internal laws of the State of New York.

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DESCRIPTION OF DEPOSITARY SHARES

General

We may issue depositary shares, each of which will represent a fractional interest of a share of a particular class or series of our preferred stock, as specified in the accompanying prospectus supplement which will more fully describe the terms of those depositary shares. Shares of a class or series of preferred stock represented by depositary shares will be deposited under a separate deposit agreement among us, the depositary named therein and the holders from time to time of the depositary receipts issued by the preferred stock depositary which will evidence the depositary shares. Subject to the terms of the deposit agreement, each owner of a depositary receipt will be entitled, in proportion to the fractional interest of a share of a particular class or series of preferred stock represented by the depositary shares evidenced by that depositary receipt, to all the rights and preferences of the class or series of preferred stock represented by those depositary shares (including dividend, voting, conversion, redemption and liquidation rights).

The depositary shares to be issued will be evidenced by depositary receipts issued pursuant to the applicable deposit agreement. Immediately following the issuance and delivery of a class or series of preferred stock by us to the preferred stock depositary, we will cause the preferred stock depositary to issue, on our behalf, the depositary receipts. The following description of the depositary shares, and any description of the depositary shares in an accompanying prospectus supplement, may not be complete and is subject to, and qualified in its entirety by reference to, the underlying deposit agreement and the depositary receipt, which we will file with the SEC at or prior to the time of the sale of the depositary shares. You should refer to, and read this summary together with, the deposit agreement and related depositary receipt. You can obtain copies of any form of deposit agreement or other agreement pursuant to which the depositary shares are issued by following the directions described under the caption “Where You Can Find More Information” in the accompanying prospectus.

Dividends and Other Distributions

The depositary will distribute all cash dividends or other cash distributions received in respect of our preferred stock to the record holders of depositary shares relating to such preferred stock in proportion to the number of such depositary shares owned by such holders. The depositary shall distribute only such amount, however, as can be distributed without attributing to any holder of depositary shares a fraction of one cent, and the balance not so distributed shall be added to and treated as part of the next sum received by the depositary for distribution to record holders of depositary shares.

In the event of a distribution other than in cash, the depositary will distribute property received by it to the record holders of depositary shares entitled thereto, unless the depositary determines that it is not feasible to make such distribution, in which case the depositary may, with our approval, sell such property and distribute the net proceeds from such sale to such holders.

The deposit agreement will also contain provisions relating to the manner in which any subscription or similar rights offered by us to holders of our preferred stock shall be made available to the holders of depositary shares.

Redemption of Depositary Shares

If a series of preferred stock represented by depositary shares is subject to redemption, the depositary shares will be redeemed from the proceeds received by the depositary resulting from the redemption, in whole or in part, of such series of preferred stock held by the depositary. The redemption price per depositary share will be equal to the applicable fraction of the redemption price per share payable with respect to such series of preferred stock. Whenever we redeem shares of preferred stock held by the depositary, the depositary will redeem as of the same redemption date the number of depositary shares representing the shares of preferred stock so redeemed. If fewer than all the depositary shares are to be redeemed, the depositary shares to be redeemed will be selected by lot or pro rata as may be determined by the depositary.

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After the date fixed for redemption, the depositary shares so called for redemption will no longer be outstanding and all rights of the holders of the depositary shares will cease, except the right to receive the money, securities or other property payable upon such redemption and any money, securities or other property to which the holders of such depositary shares were entitled upon such redemption upon surrender to the depositary of the depositary receipts evidencing such depositary shares.

Voting Our Preferred Stock

Upon receipt of notice of any meeting at which the holders of preferred stock are entitled to vote, the depositary will mail the information contained in such notice of meeting to the record holders of the depositary shares relating to such preferred stock. Each record holder of such depositary shares on the record date (which will be the same date as the record date for our preferred stock) will be entitled to instruct the depositary as to the exercise of the voting rights pertaining to the amount of preferred stock represented by such holder’s depositary shares. The depositary will endeavor, insofar as practicable, to vote the amount of preferred stock represented by such depositary shares in accordance with such instructions, and we will agree to take all action which may be deemed necessary by the depositary in order to enable the depositary to do so. The depositary may abstain from voting shares of preferred stock to the extent it does not receive specific instructions from the holders of depositary shares representing such preferred stock.

Amendment and Termination of the Depositary Agreement

The form of depositary receipt evidencing the depositary shares and any provision of the deposit agreement may at any time be amended by agreement between the depositary and us. However, any amendment that materially and adversely alters the rights of the holders of depositary shares will not be effective unless such amendment has been approved by the holders of at least a majority of the depositary shares then outstanding. The deposit agreement may be terminated by us or the depositary only if (i) all outstanding depositary shares have been redeemed or (ii) there has been a final distribution in respect of our preferred stock in connection with any liquidation, dissolution or winding up of the Company and such distribution has been distributed to the holders of depositary receipts.

Charges of Depositary

We will pay all transfer and other taxes and governmental charges arising solely from the existence of the depositary arrangements. We will pay charges of the depositary in connection with the initial deposit of our preferred stock and any redemption of our preferred stock. Holders of depositary receipts will pay other transfer and other taxes and governmental charges and such other charges, including a fee for the withdrawal of shares of preferred stock upon surrender of depositary receipts, as are expressly provided in the deposit agreement to be for their accounts.

Miscellaneous

The depositary will forward to holders of depositary receipts all reports and communications from EDR that are delivered to the depositary and that we are required to furnish to holders of preferred stock.

Neither the depositary nor EDR will be liable if it is prevented or delayed by law or any circumstance beyond its control in performing its obligations under the deposit agreement. The obligations of the depositary and EDR under the deposit agreement will be limited to performance in good faith of their duties thereunder and they will not be obligated to prosecute or defend any legal proceeding in respect of any depositary shares or preferred stock unless satisfactory indemnity is furnished. They may rely upon written advice of counsel or accountants, or upon information provided by persons presenting preferred stock for deposit, holders of depositary receipts or other persons believed to be competent and on documents believed to be genuine.

Resignation and Removal of the Depositary

The depositary may resign at any time by delivering to us notice of its election to do so, and we may at any time remove the depositary, any such resignation or removal to take effect upon the appointment of a successor depositary and its acceptance of such appointment. Such successor depositary must be appointed within 60 days after delivery of the notice of resignation or removal.

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Restrictions on Ownership

The deposit agreement will contain provisions restricting the ownership and transfer of depositary shares. Such restrictions will be described in the applicable prospectus supplement and will be referenced on the applicable depositary receipts.

DESCRIPTION OF SUBSCRIPTION RIGHTS

We may issue subscription rights to purchase one or more series or classes of common stock, preferred stock, debt securities and depositary shares. We may issue subscription rights independently or together with any other offered security, which may or may not be transferable by the stockholder. In connection with any offering of subscription rights, we may enter into a standby arrangement with one or more underwriters or other purchasers pursuant to which the underwriters or other purchasers may be required to purchase any securities remaining unsubscribed for after such offering.

The accompanying prospectus supplement relating to any subscription rights we may offer will contain the specific terms of the subscription rights. These terms may include the following:

the price, if any, for the subscription rights;
the exercise price payable for common stock, preferred stock, debt securities or depositary shares upon the exercise of the subscription rights;
the number of subscription rights issued to each security holder;
the number and terms of the common stock, preferred stock, debt securities or depositary shares which may be purchased per each subscription right;
the extent to which the subscription rights are transferable;
any provisions for adjustment of the number or amount of securities receivable upon exercise of the subscription rights or the exercise price of the subscription rights;
any other terms of the subscription rights, including the terms, procedures and limitations relating to the exchange and exercise of the subscription rights;
the date on which the right to exercise the subscription rights shall commence, and the date on which the subscription rights shall expire;
the extent to which the subscription rights may include an over-subscription privilege with respect to unsubscribed securities; and
if applicable, the material terms of any standby underwriting or purchase arrangement entered into by us in connection with the offering of subscription rights.

The description in the accompanying prospectus supplement of any subscription rights we offer will not necessarily be complete and will be qualified in its entirety by reference to the applicable subscription rights certificate or subscription rights agreement, which will be filed with the SEC if we offer subscription rights. For more information on how you can obtain copies of any subscription rights certificate or subscription rights agreement if we offer subscription rights, see “Where You Can Find More Information” in this prospectus. We urge you to read the applicable subscription rights certificate, the applicable subscription rights agreement and any applicable prospectus supplement in their entirety.

BOOK ENTRY PROCEDURES AND SETTLEMENT

We may issue the securities offered pursuant to this prospectus in certificated or book-entry form or in the form of one or more global securities. The accompanying prospectus supplement will describe the manner in which the securities offered thereby will be issued.

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MATERIAL U.S. FEDERAL INCOME TAX CONSIDERATIONS

This section summarizes the current material federal income tax consequences generally resulting from our election to be taxed as a REIT and the current material federal income tax considerations relating to the ownership and disposition of our common stock. As used in this section, the terms “we” and “our” refer solely to Education Realty Trust, Inc. and not to our subsidiaries and affiliates which have not elected to be taxed as REITs for federal income tax purposes.

This discussion is not exhaustive of all possible tax considerations and does not provide a detailed discussion of any state, local or foreign tax considerations. This discussion does not address all aspects of taxation that may be relevant to particular investors in light of their personal investment or tax circumstances, or to certain types of investors that are subject to special treatment under the federal income tax laws, such as insurance companies, tax-exempt organizations (except to the limited extent discussed below under “— Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders”), financial institutions or broker-dealers, non-U.S. individuals and foreign corporations (except to the limited extent discussed below under “— Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders”) and other persons subject to special tax rules. Moreover, this summary assumes that our stockholders hold our common stock as a capital asset for federal income tax purposes, which generally means property held for investment. The statements in this section are based on the current federal income tax laws, including the Code, the regulations promulgated by the U.S. Treasury Department, or the Treasury Regulations, rulings and other administrative interpretations and practices of the IRS, and judicial decisions, all as currently in effect, and all of which are subject to differing interpretations or to change, possibly with retroactive effect. This discussion is for general purposes only and is not tax advice. We cannot assure you that new laws, interpretations of law, or court decisions, any of which may take effect retroactively, will not cause any statement in this section to be inaccurate.

As discussed below in “— Taxation in Connection with Holding Securities other than our Common Stock”, we intend to describe in any prospectus supplement related to the offering of our preferred stock, debt securities, depositary shares or subscription rights, the material federal income tax considerations relating to the ownership and disposition of such securities as will be sold by us pursuant to that prospectus supplement.

We urge you to consult your own tax advisor regarding the specific tax consequences to you of acquisition, ownership and disposition of our securities and of our election to be taxed as a REIT. Specifically, you should consult your own tax advisor regarding the federal, state, local, foreign, and other tax consequences of such acquisition, ownership, disposition and election, and regarding potential changes in applicable tax laws.

Taxation of Our Company

We elected to be taxed as a REIT under the federal income tax laws beginning with our taxable year ended December 31, 2005. We believe that, beginning with such taxable year, we have been organized and have operated in such a manner as to qualify for taxation as a REIT under the Code, and we intend to continue to operate in such a manner. However, no assurances can be given that our beliefs or expectations will be fulfilled, since qualification as a REIT depends on our continuing to satisfy numerous asset, income, stock ownership and distribution tests described below, the satisfaction of which depends, in part, on our operating results.

The sections of the Code relating to qualification, operation and taxation as a REIT are highly technical and complex. The following discussion sets forth only the material aspects of those sections. This summary is qualified in its entirety by the applicable Code provisions and the related Treasury Regulations, and administrative and judicial interpretations thereof.

In connection with the filing of this registration statement, Bass, Berry & Sims PLC has rendered an opinion that we qualified to be taxed as a REIT under the federal income tax laws for our taxable years ended December 31, 2008 through December 31, 2010, and our organization and current and proposed method of operation will enable us to continue to qualify as a REIT for our taxable year ending December 31, 2011 and thereafter. Investors should be aware that Bass, Berry & Sims PLC’s opinion is based on the federal income tax law governing qualification as a REIT as of the date of such opinion, which is subject to change, possibly on a retroactive basis, is not binding on the IRS or any court, and speaks only as of the date issued. In

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addition, Bass, Berry & Sims PLC’s opinion is based on customary assumptions and is conditioned upon certain representations made by us as to factual matters, including representations regarding the nature of our assets and the future conduct of our business. Moreover, our continued qualification and taxation as a REIT depend on our ability to meet, on a continuing basis, through actual results, certain qualification tests set forth in the federal income tax laws. Those qualification tests involve the percentage of our income that we earn from specified sources, the percentage of our assets that falls within specified categories, the diversity of our stock ownership, and the percentage of our earnings that we distribute. Bass, Berry & Sims PLC will not review our compliance with those tests on a continuing basis. Accordingly, no assurance can be given that the actual results of our operations for any particular taxable year will satisfy such requirements. Bass, Berry & Sims PLC’s opinion will not foreclose the possibility that we may have to use one or more of the REIT savings provisions described below, which may require us to pay a material excise or penalty tax in order to maintain our REIT qualification. For a discussion of the tax consequences of our failure to qualify as a REIT, see “— Failure to Qualify as a REIT” below.

Pursuant to our charter, our Board has the authority to revoke or otherwise terminate our status as a REIT, if it determines, in its sole judgment, that it is in our best interest to do so. In addition, our Board has the authority to waive any restrictions and limitations contained in our charter that are intended to preserve our status as a REIT during any period in which our Board has determined that it is no longer in our best interests to pursue or preserve our status as a REIT.

If we qualify as a REIT, we generally will not be subject to federal income tax on the taxable income that we distribute to our stockholders because we will be entitled to a deduction for dividends that we pay. The benefit of that tax treatment is that it avoids the “double taxation,” or taxation at both the corporate and stockholder levels, that generally results from owning stock in a corporation. In general, income generated by a REIT is taxed only at the stockholder level if such income is distributed by the REIT to its stockholders. We will be subject to federal tax, however, in the following circumstances:

We are subject to the corporate federal income tax on any REIT taxable income, including net capital gain, that we do not distribute to our stockholders during, or within a specified time period after, the calendar year in which the income is earned.
We may be subject to the corporate “alternative minimum tax” on any items of tax preference, including any deductions of net operating losses.
We are subject to tax, at the highest corporate rate, on:
º net income from the sale or other disposition of property acquired through foreclosure (“foreclosure property”), as described below under “— Gross Income Tests — Foreclosure Property,” that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business, and
º other non-qualifying income from foreclosure property.
We are subject to a 100% tax on net income from sales or other dispositions of property, other than foreclosure property, that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business.
If we fail to satisfy one or both of the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test, as described below under “— Gross Income Tests,” but nonetheless continue to qualify as a REIT because we meet other requirements, we will be subject to a 100% tax on:
º the greater of the amount by which we fail the 75% gross income test or the 95% gross income test, in either case, multiplied by
º a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.
If we fail to distribute during a calendar year at least the sum of: (1) 85% of our REIT ordinary income for the year, (2) 95% of our REIT capital gain net income for the year, and (3) any undistributed taxable income required to be distributed from earlier periods, then we will be subject to a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of the required distribution over the amount we actually distributed.

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If we fail any of the asset tests, other than a de minimis failure of the 5% asset test, the 10% vote test or the 10% value test, as described below under “— Asset Tests,” as long as (1) the failure was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, (2) we file a description of each asset that caused such failure with the IRS, and (3) we dispose of the assets causing the failure or otherwise comply with the asset tests within six months after the last day of the quarter in which we identify such failure, we will pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or the highest federal corporate income tax rate (currently 35%) multiplied by the net income from the nonqualifying assets during the period in which we failed to satisfy the asset tests.
If we fail to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT qualification, other than the gross income tests and the asset tests, and such failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, we will be required to pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure.
We will be subject to a 100% excise tax on transactions with a taxable REIT subsidiary that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis.
If we acquire any asset from a C corporation, or a corporation that generally is subject to full corporate-level tax, in a merger or other transaction in which we acquire a basis in the asset that is determined by reference either to the C corporation’s basis in the asset or to another asset, we will pay tax at the highest corporate rate applicable if we recognize gain on the sale or disposition of the asset during the 10-year period after we acquire the asset. The amount of gain on which we will pay tax generally is the lesser of:
º the amount of gain that we recognize at the time of the sale or disposition, and
º the amount of gain that we would have recognized if we had sold the asset at the time we acquired it.
The earnings of our subsidiary entities that are C corporations, including taxable REIT subsidiaries, are subject to federal corporate income tax.

In addition, we may be subject to a variety of taxes, including payroll taxes and state, local and foreign income, property and other taxes on our assets and operations. We also could be subject to tax in situations and on transactions not presently contemplated.

Requirements for Qualification as a REIT

A REIT is a corporation, trust or association that meets each of the following requirements:

(1)  It is managed by one or more trustees or directors;

(2)  Its beneficial ownership is evidenced by transferable shares of stock, or by transferable shares or certificates of beneficial interest;

(3)  It would be taxable as a domestic corporation, but for Sections 856 through 860 of the Code, i.e. the REIT provisions;

(4)  It is neither a financial institution nor an insurance company subject to special provisions of the federal income tax laws;

(5)  At least 100 persons are beneficial owners of its stock or ownership shares or certificates (determined without reference to any rules of attribution);

(6)  Not more than 50% in value of its outstanding stock or ownership shares or certificates is owned, directly or indirectly, by five or fewer individuals, which the federal income tax law defines to include certain entities, during the last half of any taxable year;

(7)  It elects to be a REIT, or has made such election for a previous taxable year, and satisfies all relevant filing and other administrative requirements established by the IRS that must be met to elect and maintain REIT status;

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(8)  It uses a calendar year for federal income tax purposes and complies with the recordkeeping requirements of the federal income tax laws; and

(9)  It meets certain other qualifications, tests described below, regarding the sources of its income, the nature and diversification of its assets and the distribution of its income.

We must meet requirements 1 through 4, and 8 during our entire taxable year and must meet requirement 5 during at least 335 days of a taxable year of 12 months, or during a proportionate part of a taxable year of less than 12 months. If we comply with certain requirements for ascertaining the beneficial ownership of our outstanding stock in a taxable year and have no reason to know that we violated requirement 6, we will be deemed to have satisfied requirement 6 for that taxable year. For purposes of determining stock ownership under requirement 6, an “individual” generally includes a supplemental unemployment compensation benefits plan, a private foundation, or a portion of a trust permanently set aside or used exclusively for charitable purposes. An “individual,” however, generally does not include a trust that is a qualified employee pension or profit sharing trust under the federal income tax laws, and beneficiaries of such a trust will be treated as holding our stock in proportion to their actuarial interests in the trust for purposes of requirement 6. Our charter provides for restrictions regarding the ownership and transfer of our stock that should allow us to continue to satisfy these requirements. The provisions of the charter restricting the ownership and transfer of our stock are described in “Description of Stock — Restrictions on Ownership and Transfer.” We believe we have issued sufficient stock with enough diversity of ownership to satisfy requirements 5 and 6 set forth above. For purposes of requirement 8, we have adopted December 31 as our year end, and thereby satisfy this requirement.

Qualified REIT Subsidiaries.  A “qualified REIT subsidiary” generally is a corporation, all of the stock of which is owned, directly or indirectly, by a REIT and that is not treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary. A corporation that is a “qualified REIT subsidiary” is treated as a division of the REIT that owns, directly or indirectly, all of its stock and not as a separate entity for federal income tax purposes. Thus, all assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of a “qualified REIT subsidiary” are treated as assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of the REIT that directly or indirectly owns the qualified REIT subsidiary. Consequently, in applying the REIT requirements described herein, the separate existence of any “qualified REIT subsidiary” that we own will be ignored, and all assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit of such subsidiary will be treated as our assets, liabilities, and items of income, deduction, and credit.

Other Disregarded Entities and Partnerships.  An unincorporated domestic entity, such as a partnership or limited liability company that has a single owner, as determined under federal income tax law, generally is not treated as an entity separate from its owner for federal income tax purposes. We own various direct and indirect interests in entities that are classified as partnerships, limited liability companies and trusts for state law purposes. Nevertheless, many of these entities currently are not treated as entities separate from their owners for federal income tax purposes because such entities are treated as having a single owner for federal income tax purposes. Consequently, the assets and items of gross income of such entities will be treated as assets and items of gross income of their owners for federal income tax purposes.

An unincorporated domestic entity with two or more owners, as determined under the federal income tax laws, generally is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. In the case of a REIT that is a partner in a partnership, the REIT is treated as owning its proportionate share of the assets of the partnership and as earning its allocable share of the gross income of the partnership for purposes of the applicable REIT qualification tests. Thus, our proportionate share of the assets and items of gross income of our Operating Partnership and any other partnership, joint venture, or limited liability company that is treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes is treated as our assets and items of gross income for purposes of applying the various REIT qualification tests. For purposes of the 10% value test (described in “— Asset Tests”), our proportionate share is based on our proportionate interest in the equity interests and certain debt securities issued by a partnership. For all of the other asset and income tests, our proportionate share is based on our proportionate interest in the capital of the partnership.

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Taxable REIT Subsidiaries.  A REIT is permitted to own, directly or indirectly, up to 100% of the stock of one or more “taxable REIT subsidiaries.” The subsidiary and the REIT generally must jointly elect to treat the subsidiary as a taxable REIT subsidiary. A corporation of which a taxable REIT subsidiary directly or indirectly owns more than 35% of the voting power or value of the securities, however, is automatically treated as a taxable REIT subsidiary without an election. The separate existence of a taxable REIT subsidiary is not ignored for federal income tax purposes. A taxable REIT subsidiary is a fully taxable corporation that may earn income that would not be qualifying income for purposes of the gross income tests, as described below, if earned directly by the parent REIT. Accordingly, a taxable REIT subsidiary generally is subject to corporate income tax on its earnings, which may reduce the cash flow generated by us and our subsidiaries in the aggregate, and may reduce our ability to make distributions to our stockholders.

We are not treated as holding the assets of a taxable REIT subsidiary or as receiving any income that the taxable REIT subsidiary earns. Rather, the stock issued by a taxable REIT subsidiary to us is an asset in our hands, and we treat the distributions paid to us from such taxable REIT subsidiary, if any, as income. This treatment may affect our compliance with the gross income tests and asset tests. Because a REIT does not include the assets and income of taxable REIT subsidiaries in determining the REIT’s compliance with REIT requirements, such entities may be used by the REIT to undertake indirectly activities that the REIT requirements might otherwise preclude the REIT from doing directly or through a pass-through subsidiary (e.g., a partnership). If dividends are paid to us by one or more of our domestic taxable REIT subsidiaries we may own, then a portion of such dividends that we distribute to our stockholders who are taxed at individual rates generally will be eligible for taxation at preferential dividend income tax rates rather than at ordinary income rates (currently through 2012). See “— Annual Distribution Requirements” and “— Taxation of Taxable U.S. Stockholders — Distributions.”

A taxable REIT subsidiary pays federal income tax at corporate rates on any income that it earns. Restrictions imposed on REITs and their taxable REIT subsidiaries are intended to ensure that taxable REIT subsidiaries will be subject to appropriate levels of federal income taxation. These restrictions limit the deductibility of interest paid or accrued by a taxable REIT subsidiary to its parent REIT and impose a 100% excise tax on transactions between a taxable REIT subsidiary and its parent REIT or the REIT’s tenants that are not conducted on an arm’s-length basis. Our taxable REIT subsidiaries currently engage in activities that would jeopardize our REIT status if we engaged in the activities directly or through one or more of our pass-through subsidiaries. In particular, our taxable REIT subsidiaries generally would conduct third party services and other business activities that might give rise to income from prohibited transactions if such services or activities were conducted by us or through one or more of our pass-through subsidiaries. See description below under “— Gross Income Tests — Prohibited Transactions.”

Gross Income Tests

We must satisfy two gross income tests annually to maintain our qualification as a REIT. First, at least 75% of our gross income for each taxable year must consist of defined types of income that we derive, directly or indirectly, from investments relating to real property or mortgages on real property or qualified temporary investment income. Qualifying income for purposes of that 75% gross income test generally includes:

rents from real property;
interest on debt secured by mortgages on real property or on interests in real property;
dividends or other distributions on, and gain from the sale of, stock or shares of beneficial interest in other REITs;
gain from the sale of real estate assets;
income and gain derived from foreclosure property; and
income derived from the temporary investment of new capital that is attributable to the issuance of our stock or a public offering of our debt with a maturity date of at least five years and that we receive during the one-year period beginning on the date on which we receive such new capital.

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Second, in general, at least 95% of our gross income for each taxable year must consist of income that is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, other types of interest and dividends, gain from the sale or disposition of stock or securities, or any combination of these.

Gross income from our sale of property that we hold primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of business will be excluded from gross income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. In addition, any gains from “hedging transactions,” as defined in “— Hedging Transactions,” that are clearly and timely identified as such will be excluded from gross income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. In addition, certain foreign currency gains will be excluded from gross income for purposes of one or both of the gross income tests. See “— Foreign Currency Gain.”

The following paragraphs discuss the specific application of the gross income tests to us.

Rents from Real Property.  Rent that we receive for the use of our real property will qualify as “rents from real property,” which is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests, only if the following conditions are met:

First, the rent must not be based in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. Participating rent, however, will qualify as “rents from real property” if it is based on percentages of receipts or sales and the percentages:

are fixed at the time the leases are entered into;
are not renegotiated during the term of the leases in a manner that has the effect of basing percentage rent on income or profits; and
conform with normal business practice.

More generally, the rent will not qualify as “rents from real property” if, considering the relevant lease and all the surrounding circumstances, the arrangement does not conform with normal business practice, but is in reality used as a means of basing the rent on income or profits. We intend to set and accept rents which are fixed dollar amounts or a fixed percentage of gross revenue, and not to any extent determined by reference to any person’s income or profits, in compliance with the rules above.

Second, we must not own, actually or constructively, 10% or more of the stock or the assets or net profits of any tenant, referred to as a “related-party tenant,” other than a taxable REIT subsidiary. The constructive ownership rules generally provide that, if 10% or more in value of our stock is owned, directly or indirectly, by or for any person, we are considered as owning the stock owned, directly or indirectly, by or for such person. We do not own any stock or any assets or net profits of any tenant directly. However, because the constructive ownership rules are broad and it is not possible to monitor direct and indirect transfers of our stock continually, no absolute assurance can be given that such transfers or other events of which we have no knowledge will not cause us to own constructively 10% or more of a tenant (or a subtenant, in which case only rent attributable to the subtenant is disqualified) other than a taxable REIT subsidiary at some future date.

Under an exception to the related-party tenant rule described in the preceding paragraph, rent that we receive from a taxable REIT subsidiary will qualify as “rents from real property” as long as (1) at least 90% of the leased space in the property is leased to persons other than taxable REIT subsidiaries and related-party tenants, and (2) the amount paid by the taxable REIT subsidiary to rent space at the property is substantially comparable to rents paid by other tenants of the property for comparable space. The “substantially comparable” requirement must be satisfied when the lease is entered into, when it is extended, and when the lease is modified, if the modification increases the rent paid by the taxable REIT subsidiary. If the requirement that at least 90% of the leased space in the related property is rented to unrelated tenants is met when a lease is entered into, extended, or modified, such requirement will continue to be met as long as there is no increase in the space leased to any taxable REIT subsidiary or related-party tenant. Any increased rent attributable to a modification of a lease with a taxable REIT subsidiary in which we own directly or indirectly more than 50% of the voting power or value of the stock (a “controlled taxable REIT subsidiary”) will not be treated as “rents from real property.”

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Third, we must not furnish or render noncustomary services, other than a de minimis amount of noncustomary services, as described below, to the tenants of our properties, or manage or operate our properties, other than through an independent contractor who is adequately compensated and from whom we do not derive or receive any income. However, we need not provide services through an “independent contractor,” but instead may provide services directly to our tenants, if the services are “usually or customarily rendered” in connection with the rental of space for occupancy only and are not considered to be provided for the tenants’ convenience. In addition, we may provide a minimal amount of “noncustomary” services to the tenants of a property, other than through an independent contractor, as long as our income from the services (valued at not less than 150% of our direct cost for performing such services) does not exceed 1% of our income from the related property. Finally, we may own up to 100% of the stock of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries, which may provide noncustomary services to our tenants without our rents from the related properties being treated as nonqualifying income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. We have not performed, and do not intend to perform, any services other than customary ones for our tenants, unless such services are provided through independent contractors or taxable REIT subsidiaries.

If the rent from a lease of property does not qualify as “rents from real property” because (1) the rent is based on the net income or profits of the tenant, (2) the lessee is a related-party tenant or fails to qualify for the exception to the related-party tenant rule for qualifying taxable REIT subsidiaries, or (3) we furnish noncustomary services to the tenants of the property, or manage or operate the property, other than through a qualifying independent contractor or a taxable REIT subsidiary, that are in excess of 1% of our income from the related property, none of the rent from the property would qualify as “rents from real property.” In any of these circumstances, we could lose our REIT status, unless we qualified for certain statutory relief provisions, because we might be unable to satisfy either the 75% or 95% gross income test.

Tenants may be required to pay, in addition to base rent, reimbursements for certain amounts we are obligated to pay to third parties (such as a lessee’s proportionate share of a property’s operational or capital expenses), penalties for nonpayment or late payment of rent or additions to rent. These and other similar payments should qualify as “rents from real property.” To the extent they do not, they should be treated as interest that qualifies for the 95% gross income test.

In addition, rent attributable to any personal property leased in connection with a lease of real property will not qualify as “rents from real property” if the rent attributable to such personal property exceeds 15% of the total rent received under the lease. The rent attributable to personal property under a lease is the amount that bears the same ratio to total rent under the lease for the taxable year as the average of the fair market values of the leased personal property at the beginning and at the end of the taxable year bears to the average of the aggregate fair market values of both the real and personal property covered by the lease at the beginning and at the end of such taxable year, or the personal property ratio. If a portion of the rent that we receive from a property does not qualify as “rents from real property” because the rent attributable to personal property exceeds 15% of the total rent for a taxable year, the portion of the rent that is attributable to personal property will not be qualifying income for purposes of either the 75% or 95% gross income test. Thus, if such rent attributable to personal property, plus any other income that is nonqualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test, during a taxable year exceeds 5% of our gross income during the year, we would lose our REIT status, unless we qualified for certain statutory relief provisions. With respect to each of our leases, we believe that the personal property ratio generally is less than 15%. Where that is not, or may in the future not be, the case, we believe that any income attributable to personal property will not jeopardize our ability to qualify as a REIT. There can be no assurance, however, that the IRS would not challenge our calculation of a personal property ratio, or that a court would not uphold such assertion. If such a challenge were successfully asserted, we could fail to satisfy the 75% or 95% gross income test and thus potentially lose our REIT status.

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Interest.  For purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests, the term “interest” generally does not include any amount received or accrued, directly or indirectly, if the determination of such amount depends in whole or in part on the income or profits of any person. However, an amount received or accrued generally will not be excluded from the term “interest” solely because it is based on a fixed percentage or percentages of receipts or sales. Furthermore, to the extent that interest from a loan that is based on the profit or net cash proceeds from the sale of the property securing the loan constitutes a “shared appreciation provision,” income attributable to such participation feature will be treated as gain from the sale of the secured property.

We may invest opportunistically from time to time in mortgage debt and mezzanine loans. Interest on debt secured by a mortgage on real property or on interests in real property, including, for this purpose, discount points, prepayment penalties, loan assumption fees, and late payment charges that are not compensation for services, generally is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test. However, if a loan is secured by real property and other property and the highest principal amount of such loan that was outstanding during a taxable year exceeds the fair market value of the real property securing the loan as of the date the REIT agreed to originate or acquire the loan, a portion of the interest income from such loan will not be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, but will be qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test. The portion of the interest income that will not be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test will be equal to the interest income attributable to the portion of the principal amount of the loan that is not secured by real property. The principal amount of the loan that is not secured by real property is the amount by which the loan exceeds the value of the real estate that is security for the loan.

Mezzanine loans are loans secured by equity interests in an entity that directly or indirectly owns real property, rather than by a direct mortgage of the real property. IRS Revenue Procedure 2003-65 provides a safe harbor pursuant to which a mezzanine loan, if it meets each of the requirements contained in the Revenue Procedure, will be treated by the IRS as a real estate asset for purposes of the REIT asset tests described below, and interest derived from it will be treated as qualifying mortgage interest for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Although the Revenue Procedure provides a safe harbor on which taxpayers may rely, it does not prescribe rules of substantive tax law. We anticipate that any mezzanine loans that we originate or acquire typically will not meet all of the requirements for reliance on this safe harbor. Nevertheless, we intend to invest in mezzanine loans in a manner that will enable us to continue to satisfy the gross income tests and asset tests.

Dividends.  Our share of any dividends received from any corporation (including any taxable REIT subsidiary, but excluding any REIT or qualified REIT subsidiary) in which we own an equity interest will qualify for purposes of the 95% gross income test but not for purposes of the 75% gross income test. Our share of any dividends received from any other REIT in which we own an equity interest will be qualifying income for purposes of both gross income tests. Any dividends received by us from a qualified REIT subsidiary will be excluded from gross income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests.

Prohibited Transactions.  A REIT will incur a 100% tax on the net income derived from any sale or other disposition of property, other than foreclosure property, that the REIT holds primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business, and net income derived from such prohibited transactions is excluded from gross income solely for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. We believe that none of our assets are held primarily for sale to customers and that a sale of any of our assets will not be in the ordinary course of our business. Whether a REIT holds an asset “primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business” depends, however, on the facts and circumstances that exist from time to time, including those related to a particular asset. A safe harbor to the characterization of the sale of property by a REIT as a prohibited transaction and the 100% prohibited transaction tax is available if the following requirements are met:

the REIT has held the property for not less than two years;
the aggregate expenditures made by the REIT, or any partner of the REIT, during the two-year period preceding the date of the sale that are includable in the basis of the property do not exceed 30% of the selling price of the property;

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either (1) during the year in question, the REIT did not make more than seven property sales other than sales of foreclosure property or sales to which Section 1033 of the Code applies, (2) the aggregate adjusted bases of all such properties sold by the REIT during the year did not exceed 10% of the aggregate bases of all of the assets of the REIT at the beginning of the year or (3) the aggregate fair market value of all such properties sold by the REIT during the year did not exceed 10% of the aggregate fair market value of all of the assets of the REIT at the beginning of the year;
in the case of property not acquired through foreclosure or lease termination, the REIT has held the property for at least two years for the production of rental income; and
if the REIT has made more than seven property sales (excluding sales of foreclosure property) during the taxable year, substantially all of the marketing and development expenditures with respect to the property were made through an independent contractor from whom the REIT derives no income.

We will attempt to comply with the terms of the safe-harbor provisions in the federal income tax laws prescribing when an asset sale will not be characterized as a prohibited transaction. We cannot assure you, however, that we can comply with the safe-harbor provisions or that we will avoid owning property that may be characterized as property held “primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of a trade or business.” We may hold and dispose of certain properties through a taxable REIT subsidiary if we conclude that the sale or other disposition of such property may not fall within the safe-harbor provisions. The 100% tax will not apply to gains from the sale of property that is held through a taxable REIT subsidiary or other taxable corporation, although such income will be taxed to the taxable REIT subsidiary or other taxable corporation at federal corporate income tax rates.

Foreclosure Property.  We will be subject to tax at the maximum corporate rate on any income from foreclosure property, which includes certain foreign currency gains and related deductions, other than income that otherwise would be qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, less expenses directly connected with the production of that income. However, gross income from foreclosure property will qualify under the 75% and 95% gross income tests. “Foreclosure property” is any real property, including interests in real property, and any personal property incident to such real property:

that is acquired by a REIT as the result of the REIT having bid on such property at foreclosure, or having otherwise reduced such property to ownership or possession by agreement or process of law, after there was a default or default was imminent on a lease of such property or on indebtedness that such property secured;
for which the related loan or leased property was acquired by the REIT at a time when the default was not imminent or anticipated; and
for which the REIT makes a proper election to treat the property as foreclosure property.

A REIT will not be considered to have foreclosed on a property where the REIT takes control of the property as a mortgagee-in-possession and cannot receive any profit or sustain any loss except as a creditor of the mortgagor. Property generally ceases to be foreclosure property at the end of the third taxable year following the taxable year in which the REIT acquired the property (or longer if an extension is granted by the Secretary of the U.S. Treasury). This period (as extended, if applicable) terminates, and foreclosure property ceases to be foreclosure property on the first day:

on which a lease is entered into for the property that, by its terms, will give rise to income that does not qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test, or any amount is received or accrued, directly or indirectly, pursuant to a lease entered into on or after such day that will give rise to income that does not qualify for purposes of the 75% gross income test;

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on which any construction takes place on the property, other than completion of a building, or any other improvement, where more than 10% of the construction was completed before default became imminent; or
which is more than 90 days after the day on which the REIT acquired the property and the property is used in a trade or business which is conducted by the REIT, other than through an independent contractor from whom the REIT itself does not derive or receive any income.

Hedging Transactions.  From time to time, we or our subsidiaries may enter into hedging transactions with respect to one or more of our or our subsidiaries’ assets or liabilities. Our or our subsidiaries’ hedging activities may include entering into interest rate swaps, caps, and floors, options to purchase such items, and futures and forward contracts. Income and gain from “hedging transactions” will be excluded from gross income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests. A “hedging transaction” means either (1) any transaction entered into in the normal course of our or our subsidiaries’ trade or business primarily to manage the risk of interest rate, price changes, or currency fluctuations with respect to borrowings made or to be made, or ordinary obligations incurred or to be incurred, to acquire or carry real estate assets or (2) any transaction entered into primarily to manage the risk of currency fluctuations with respect to any item of income or gain that would be qualifying income under the 75% or 95% gross income test (or any property which generates such income or gain). We are required to clearly identify any such hedging transaction before the close of the day on which it was acquired, originated, or entered into and to satisfy other identification requirements. We intend to structure any hedging transactions in a manner that does not jeopardize our qualification as a REIT; however, no assurance can be given that our hedging activities will give rise to income that qualifies for purposes of either or both of the gross income tests.

Foreign Currency Gain.  Certain foreign currency gains will be excluded from gross income for purposes of one or both of the gross income tests. “Real estate foreign exchange gain” will be excluded from gross income for purposes of the 75% and 95% gross income tests. Real estate foreign exchange gain generally includes foreign currency gain attributable to any item of income or gain that is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test, foreign currency gain attributable to the acquisition or ownership of (or becoming or being the obligor under) obligations secured by mortgages on real property or an interest in real property and certain foreign currency gain attributable to certain “qualified business units” of a REIT. “Passive foreign exchange gain” will be excluded from gross income for purposes of the 95% gross income test. Passive foreign exchange gain generally includes real estate foreign exchange gain, as described above, and also includes foreign currency gain attributable to any item of income or gain that is qualifying income for purposes of the 95% gross income test and foreign currency gain attributable to the acquisition or ownership of (or becoming or being the obligor under) debt obligations. These exclusions for real estate foreign exchange gain and passive foreign exchange gain do not apply to any foreign currency gain that is derived from dealing, or engaging in substantial and regular trading, in securities. Such gain is treated as nonqualifying income for purposes of both the 75% and 95% gross income tests.

Failure to Satisfy Gross Income Tests.  We intend to monitor our sources of income, including any non-qualifying income received by us, and manage our assets so as to ensure our compliance with the gross income tests. If we fail to satisfy one or both of the gross income tests for any taxable year, we nevertheless may qualify as a REIT for that year if we qualify for relief under certain provisions of the federal income tax laws. Those relief provisions are available if:

our failure to meet the applicable test is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect; and
following such failure for any taxable year, we file a schedule of the sources of our income with the IRS in accordance with the Treasury Regulations.

We cannot predict, however, whether any failure to meet these tests will qualify for the relief provisions. In addition, as discussed above in “— Taxation of Our Company,” even if the relief provisions apply, we would incur a 100% tax on the gross income attributable to the greater of (1) the amount by which we fail the 75% gross income test, or (2) the amount by which we fail the 95% gross income test, multiplied, in either case, by a fraction intended to reflect our profitability.

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Asset Tests

To maintain our qualification as a REIT, we also must satisfy the following asset tests at the end of each quarter of each taxable year.

First, at least 75% of the value of our total assets, or the “75% asset test,” must consist of:

cash or cash items, including certain receivables;
government securities;
interests in real property, including leaseholds and options to acquire real property and leaseholds;
interests in mortgage loans secured by real property;
stock in other REITs; and
investments in stock or debt instruments during the one-year period following our receipt of new capital that we raise through equity offerings or public offerings of debt with at least a five-year term.

Second, of our assets that are not qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% asset test described above, the value of our interest in any one issuer’s securities may not exceed 5% of the value of our total assets, or the “5% asset test.”

Third, of our assets that are not qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% asset test described above, we may not own more than 10% of the voting power of any one issuer’s outstanding securities, or the “10% vote test,” or more than 10% of the value of any one issuer’s outstanding securities, or the “10% value test.”

Fourth, no more than 25% of the value of our total assets may consist of the securities of one or more taxable REIT subsidiaries.

Fifth, no more than 25% of the value of our total assets may consist of the securities of taxable REIT subsidiaries and other taxable subsidiaries and other assets that are not qualifying assets for purposes of the 75% asset test.

For purposes of the 5% asset test, the 10% vote test and the 10% value test, the term “securities” does not include stock in another REIT, equity or debt securities of a qualified REIT subsidiary or taxable REIT subsidiary, mortgage loans that constitute real estate assets, or equity interests in a partnership. The term “securities,” however, generally includes debt securities issued by a partnership or another REIT, except that for purposes of the 10% value test, the term “securities” does not include:

“Straight debt” securities, which is defined as a written unconditional promise to pay on demand or on a specified date a sum certain in money if (1) the debt is not convertible, directly or indirectly, into equity, and (2) the interest rate and interest payment dates are not contingent on profits, the borrower’s discretion, or similar factors. “Straight debt” securities do not include any securities issued by a partnership or a corporation in which we or any controlled taxable REIT subsidiary hold non-”straight debt” securities that have an aggregate value of more than 1% of the issuer’s outstanding securities. However, “straight debt” securities include debt subject to the following contingencies:
º a contingency relating to the time of payment of interest or principal, as long as either (1) there is no change to the effective yield of the debt obligation, other than a change to the annual yield that does not exceed the greater of 0.25% or 5% of the annual yield, or (2) neither the aggregate issue price nor the aggregate face amount of the issuer’s debt obligations held by us exceeds $1 million and no more than 12 months of unaccrued interest on the debt obligations can be required to be prepaid; and
º a contingency relating to the time or amount of payment on a default or prepayment of a debt obligation, as long as the contingency is consistent with customary commercial practice.
Any loan to an individual or an estate.

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Any “section 467 rental agreement,” other than an agreement with a related-party tenant.
Any obligation to pay “rents from real property.”
Certain securities issued by governmental entities.
Any security issued by a REIT.
Any debt instrument issued by an entity treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes in which we are a partner to the extent of our proportionate interest in the debt and equity securities of the partnership.
Any debt instrument issued by an entity treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes not described in the preceding bullet points if at least 75% of the partnership’s gross income, excluding income from prohibited transactions, is qualifying income for purposes of the 75% gross income test described above in “— Gross Income Tests.”

For purposes of the 10% value test, our proportionate share of the assets of a partnership is our proportionate interest in any securities issued by the partnership, without regard to the securities described in the preceding two bullet points above.

We believe that the assets that we hold satisfy the foregoing asset test requirements. However, we will not obtain, nor are we required to obtain under the federal income tax laws, independent appraisals to support our conclusions as to the value of our assets and securities or the real estate collateral for the mortgage or mezzanine loans that we may originate or acquire. Moreover, the values of some assets may not be susceptible to a precise determination. As a result, there can be no assurance that the IRS will not contend that our ownership of securities and other assets violates one or more of the asset tests applicable to REITs.

As noted above, we may invest opportunistically in loans secured by interests in real property. If the outstanding principal balance of a loan during a taxable year exceeds the fair market value of the real property securing such loan as of the date we agreed to originate or acquire the loan, a portion of such loan likely will not constitute a qualifying real estate asset under the federal income tax laws. Although the law on the matter is not entirely clear, it appears that the nonqualifying portion of such loan will be equal to the portion of the loan amount that exceeds the value of the associated real property that serves as security for that loan.

Failure to Satisfy Asset Tests.  We will monitor the status of our assets for purposes of the various asset tests and will manage our portfolio in order to comply at all times with such tests. If we fail to satisfy the asset tests at the end of a calendar quarter, we would not lose our REIT status if:

we satisfied the asset tests at the end of the preceding calendar quarter; and
the discrepancy between the value of our assets and the asset test requirements arose from changes in the market values of our assets and was not wholly or partly caused by the acquisition of one or more non-qualifying assets.

If we did not satisfy the condition described in the second bullet point immediately above, we still could avoid REIT disqualification by eliminating any discrepancy within 30 days after the close of the calendar quarter in which the discrepancy arose.

In the event that we violate the 5% asset test, the 10% vote test or the 10% value test described above, we will not lose our REIT status if (1) the failure is de minimis (up to the lesser of 1% of our assets or $10 million) and (2) we dispose of assets causing the failure or otherwise comply with the asset tests within six months after the last day of the quarter in which we identify such failure. In the event of a failure of any of such asset tests other than a de minimis failure, as described in the preceding sentence, we will not lose our REIT status if (1) the failure was due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect, (2) we file a description of each asset causing the failure with the IRS, (3) we dispose of assets causing the failure or otherwise comply with the asset tests within six months after the last day of the quarter in which we identify the failure, and (4) we pay a tax equal to the greater of $50,000 or 35% of the net income from the nonqualifying assets during the period in which we failed to satisfy the asset tests.

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Annual Distribution Requirements

Each taxable year, we must distribute dividends, other than capital gain dividends and deemed distributions of retained capital gain, to our stockholders in an aggregate amount at least equal to:

the sum of
º 90% of our “REIT taxable income,” computed without regard to the dividends paid deduction and our net capital gain or loss, and
º 90% of our after-tax net income, if any, from foreclosure property, minus
the sum of certain items of non-cash income.

Generally, we must pay such distributions in the taxable year to which they relate, or in the following taxable year if either (1) we declare the distribution before we timely file our federal income tax return for the year and pay the distribution on or before the first regular dividend payment date after such declaration or (2) we declare the distribution in October, November, or December of the taxable year, payable to stockholders of record on a specified day in any such month, and we actually pay the dividend before the end of January of the following year. In both instances, these distributions relate to our prior taxable year for purposes of the annual distribution requirement.

We will pay federal income tax on taxable income, including net capital gain, that we do not distribute to our stockholders. Furthermore, if we fail to distribute during a calendar year, or by the end of January of the following calendar year in the case of distributions with declaration and record dates falling in the last three months of the calendar year, at least the sum of:

85% of our REIT ordinary income for the year,
95% of our REIT capital gain income for the year, and
any undistributed taxable income from prior years,

we will incur a 4% nondeductible excise tax on the excess of such required distribution over the amounts we actually distributed.

We may elect to retain and pay federal income tax on the net long-term capital gain that we receive in a taxable year. If we so elect, we will be treated as having distributed any such retained amount for purposes of the 4% nondeductible excise tax described above. We intend to make timely distributions sufficient to satisfy the annual distribution requirement and to minimize corporate income tax and avoid the 4% nondeductible excise tax.

In addition, if we were to recognize “built-in gain” on the disposition of any assets acquired from a C corporation in a transaction in which our basis in the assets was determined by reference to the C corporation’s basis (for instance, if the assets were acquired in a tax-free reorganization), we would be required to distribute at least 90% of the built-in-gain net of the tax we would pay on such gain. “Built-in gain” is the excess of (1) the fair market value of the asset (measured at the time of acquisition) over (2) the basis of the asset (measured at the time of acquisition).

It is possible that, from time to time, we may experience timing differences between the actual receipt of income and actual payment of deductible expenses and the inclusion of that income and deduction of such expenses in arriving at our REIT taxable income. Further, it is possible that, from time to time, we may be allocated a share of net capital gain from a partnership (or an entity treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes) in which we own an interest that is attributable to the sale of depreciated property that exceeds our allocable share of cash attributable to that sale. As a result of the foregoing, we may have less cash than is necessary to make distributions to our stockholders that are sufficient to avoid corporate income tax and the 4% nondeductible excise tax imposed on certain undistributed income or even to meet the annual distribution requirement. In such a situation, we may need to borrow funds or issue additional stock or, if possible, pay dividends consisting, in whole or in part, of our stock or debt securities.

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In order for distributions to be counted as satisfying the annual distribution requirement for REITs, and to provide us with a REIT-level tax deduction, the distributions must not be “preferential dividends.” A distribution is not a preferential dividend if the distribution is (1) pro rata among all outstanding shares within a particular class, and (2) in accordance with the preferences among different classes of stock as set forth in our organizational documents.

Under certain circumstances, we may be able to correct a failure to meet the distribution requirement for a year by paying “deficiency dividends” to our stockholders in a later year. We may include such deficiency dividends in our deduction for dividends paid for the earlier year. Although we may be able to avoid income tax on amounts distributed as deficiency dividends, we will be required to pay interest to the IRS based on the amount of any deduction we take for deficiency dividends.

IRS guidance permits certain distributions made by a publicly-traded REIT that (i) are declared before 2013 with respect to a taxable year ending before 2012 and (ii) consist of both cash and its stock, to be treated as dividend distributions for purposes of satisfying the annual distribution requirement applicable to REITs. Based on that guidance, if shares of our common stock continue to be publicly traded on an established securities market in the United States and if we satisfy certain requirements, including the requirement that at least 10% of the total value of any such distribution consists of cash, the cash and our stock that we distribute will be treated as a dividend, to the extent of our earnings and profits. If we make such a distribution to our stockholders, each of our stockholders will be required to treat the total value of the distribution that each stockholder receives as a dividend, to the extent of each stockholder’s pro-rata share of our earnings and profits, regardless of whether such stockholder receives cash, our stock or a combination of cash and our stock. For a general discussion of the federal income tax consequences to our stockholders on the receipt of dividends, see below, “— Taxation of Taxable U.S. Stockholders,” “— Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders” and “— Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders.”

We advise each of our stockholders that the taxes resulting from your receipt of a distribution consisting of cash and our stock may exceed the cash that you receive in the distribution. We urge each of our stockholders to consult your tax advisor regarding the specific federal, state, local and foreign income and other tax consequences of distributions consisting of both cash and our stock.

Recordkeeping Requirements

We must maintain certain records in order to qualify as a REIT. To avoid paying monetary penalties, we must demand, on an annual basis, information from certain of our stockholders designed to disclose the actual ownership of our outstanding stock, and we must maintain a list of those persons failing or refusing to comply with such demand as part of our records. A stockholder that fails or refuses to comply with such demand is required by the Treasury Regulations to submit a statement with its tax return disclosing the actual ownership of our stock and other information. We intend to comply with these recordkeeping requirements.

Failure to Qualify as a REIT

If we fail to satisfy one or more requirements for REIT qualification, other than the gross income tests and the asset tests, we could avoid disqualification if our failure is due to reasonable cause and not to willful neglect and we pay a penalty of $50,000 for each such failure. In addition, there are statutory relief provisions for a failure of the gross income tests and asset tests, as described in “— Gross Income Tests” and “— Asset Tests.”

If we were to fail to qualify as a REIT in any taxable year, and no relief provision applied, we would be subject to federal income tax on our taxable income at federal corporate income tax rates and any applicable alternative minimum tax. In calculating our taxable income for a year in which we failed to qualify as a REIT, we would not be able to deduct amounts distributed to our stockholders, and we would not be required to distribute any amounts to stockholders for that year. In such event, to the extent of our current and accumulated earnings and profits, distributions to stockholders generally would be taxable to our stockholders as ordinary income. Subject to certain limitations of the federal income tax laws, corporate stockholders may be eligible for the dividends received deduction, and stockholders taxed at individual rates may be eligible for a reduced federal income tax rate (15% through 2012) on such dividends. Unless we qualified for relief under the statutory relief provisions described in the preceding paragraph, we also would be disqualified from

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taxation as a REIT for the four taxable years following the year during which we ceased to qualify as a REIT. We cannot predict whether in all circumstances we would qualify for such statutory relief.

Taxation in Connection with Holding Securities other than our Common Stock

We intend to describe in any prospectus supplement related to the offering of our preferred stock, debt securities, depositary shares or subscription rights, the material federal income tax considerations relating to the ownership and disposition of such securities as will be sold by us pursuant to such prospectus supplement, including, if applicable, (1) the taxation of any debt securities that will be sold with original issue discount or acquired with market discount or amortizable bond premium and (2) the tax treatment of sales, exchanges or retirements of our debt securities.

Taxation of Taxable U.S. Stockholders

For purposes of our discussion, the term “U.S. stockholder” means a holder of our common stock that, for federal income tax purposes, is:

a citizen or resident of the United States;
a corporation (including an entity treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes) created or organized under the laws of the United States, any of its states or the District of Columbia;
an estate whose income is subject to federal income taxation regardless of its source; or
any trust if (1) a U.S. court is able to exercise primary supervision over the administration of such trust and one or more U.S. persons have the authority to control all substantial decisions of the trust or (2) it has a valid election in place to be treated as a U.S. person.

If a partnership, entity or arrangement treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes holds our common stock, the federal income tax treatment of a partner in the partnership generally will depend on the status of the partner and the activities of the partnership. If you are a partner in a partnership holding our common stock, you are urged to consult your tax advisor regarding the consequences of the ownership and disposition of our common stock by the partnership.

Distributions.  As long as we qualify as a REIT, distributions made out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits that we do not designate as capital gain dividends or retained long-term capital gains will be dividend income to taxable U.S. stockholders. A corporate U.S. stockholder will not qualify for the dividends-received deduction generally available to corporations. Dividends paid to a U.S. stockholder generally will not qualify for the tax rates applicable to “qualified dividend income.” Legislation enacted in 2003, 2006 and 2010 reduced the maximum tax rate for qualified dividend income to 15% for tax years 2003 through 2012. Without future Congressional action, the maximum tax rate on qualified dividend income will increase to 39.6% in 2013. Qualified dividend income generally includes dividends paid by domestic C corporations and certain qualified foreign corporations to U.S. stockholders that are taxed at individual rates. Because we are not generally subject to federal income tax on the portion of our REIT taxable income that we distribute to our stockholders, our dividends generally will not constitute qualified dividend income. As a result, our REIT dividends generally will be taxed at the higher tax rates applicable to ordinary income. The highest marginal individual income tax rate on ordinary income is 35% through 2012. Without future Congressional action, the maximum individual income tax rate on ordinary income will increase to 39.6% in 2013. The federal income tax rates applicable to qualified dividend income generally will apply, however, to our ordinary REIT dividends, if any, that are (1) attributable to qualified dividends received by us prior to 2013 from non-REIT corporations, such as any taxable REIT subsidiaries, or (2) attributable to income recognized by us prior to 2013 and on which we have paid federal corporate income tax (e.g., to the extent that we distribute less than 100% of our taxable income). In general, to qualify for the reduced federal income tax rate on qualified dividend income under such circumstances, a U.S. stockholder must hold our stock for more than 60 days during the 121-day period beginning on the date that is 60 days before the date on which our stock becomes ex-dividend. In addition, certain individuals, estates and trusts will be subject to a 3.8% Medicare tax on dividend income recognized after 2012.

Any distribution we declare in October, November, or December of any year that is payable to a U.S. stockholder of record on a specified date in any of those months will be treated as paid by us and received by

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the U.S. stockholder on December 31 of that year, provided that we actually pay the distribution during January of the following calendar year.

Distributions to a U.S. stockholder which we designate as capital gain dividends generally will be treated as long-term capital gain, without regard to the period for which the U.S. stockholder has held our stock. See “— Capital Gains and Losses” below. A corporate U.S. stockholder may be required to treat up to 20% of certain capital gain dividends as ordinary income.

We may elect to retain and pay federal corporate income tax on the net long-term capital gain that we receive in a taxable year. In that case, to the extent that we designate such amount in a timely notice to our stockholders, a U.S. stockholder would be taxed on its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain. The U.S. stockholder would receive a credit or refund for its proportionate share of the federal corporate income tax we paid. The U.S. stockholder would increase its basis in our common stock by the amount of its proportionate share of our undistributed long-term capital gain, minus its share of the federal corporate income tax we paid.

A U.S. stockholder will not incur federal income tax on a distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits if the distribution does not exceed the U.S. stockholder’s adjusted basis in our common stock. Instead, the distribution will reduce the U.S. stockholder’s adjusted basis in our common stock, and any amount in excess of both its share of our current and accumulated earnings and profits and its adjusted basis will be treated as capital gain, long-term if the stock has been held for more than one year, provided the stock is a capital asset in the hands of the U.S. stockholder.

U.S. stockholders may not include in their individual federal income tax returns any of our net operating losses or capital losses. Instead, these losses are generally carried over by us for potential offset against our future income. Taxable distributions from us and gain from the disposition of our common stock will not be treated as passive activity income; and, therefore, U.S. stockholders generally will not be able to apply any “passive activity losses,” such as, for example, losses from certain types of limited partnerships in which the U.S. stockholder is a limited partner, against such income. In addition, taxable distributions from us and gain from the disposition of our common stock generally will be treated as investment income for purposes of the investment interest limitations. We will notify U.S. stockholders after the close of our taxable year as to the portions of the distributions attributable to that year that constitute ordinary income, return of capital and capital gain.

Dispositions.  A U.S. stockholder who is not a dealer in securities generally must treat any gain or loss realized on a taxable disposition of our common stock as long-term capital gain or loss if the U.S. stockholder has held such stock for more than one year, and otherwise as short-term capital gain or loss. In general, a U.S. stockholder will realize gain or loss in an amount equal to the difference between (i) the sum of the fair market value of any property and the amount of cash received in such disposition and (ii) the U.S. stockholder’s adjusted tax basis in such stock. A U.S. stockholder’s adjusted tax basis in our stock generally will equal the U.S. stockholder’s acquisition cost, increased by the excess of undistributed net capital gains deemed distributed to the U.S. stockholder over the federal corporate income tax deemed paid by the U.S. stockholder on such gains and reduced by any returns of capital. However, a U.S. stockholder must treat any loss on a sale or exchange of our common stock held by such stockholder for six months or less as a long-term capital loss to the extent of capital gain dividends and any other actual or deemed distributions from us that such U.S. stockholder treats as long-term capital gain. All or a portion of any loss that a U.S. stockholder realizes on a taxable disposition of shares of our common stock may be disallowed if the U.S. stockholder purchases other shares of our common stock within 30 days before or after the disposition. In addition, certain individuals, estates and trusts will be subject to a 3.8% Medicare tax on capital gains recognized after 2012.

Capital Gains and Losses.  The tax-rate differential between long-term capital gain and ordinary income for non-corporate taxpayers may be significant. A taxpayer generally must hold a capital asset for more than one year for gain or loss derived from its sale or exchange to be treated as long-term capital gain or loss. The highest marginal individual income tax rate currently is 35% (which rate, absent Congressional action, will increase to 39.6% in 2013). The maximum tax rate on long-term capital gain applicable to U.S. stockholders taxed at individual rates currently is 15% (which rate, absent Congressional action, will increase to 20% in 2013). The maximum tax rate on long-term capital gain from the sale or exchange of “section 1250 property”

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(i.e., generally, depreciable real property) is 25% to the extent the gain would have been treated as ordinary income if the property were “section 1245 property” (i.e., generally, depreciable personal property). We generally may designate whether a distribution that we designate as capital gain dividends (and any retained capital gain that we are deemed to distribute) is attributable to the sale or exchange of “section 1250 property.” The characterization of income as capital gain or ordinary income may affect the deductibility of capital losses. A non-corporate taxpayer may deduct capital losses not offset by capital gains against its ordinary income only up to a maximum annual amount of $3,000. A non-corporate taxpayer may carry forward unused capital losses indefinitely. A corporate taxpayer must pay tax on its net capital gain at federal corporate income tax rates, whether or not such gains are classified as long-term capital gains. A corporate taxpayer may deduct capital losses only to the extent of capital gains, with unused losses carried back three years and forward five years.

Taxation of Tax-Exempt Stockholders

Tax-exempt entities, including qualified employee pension and profit sharing trusts and individual retirement accounts and annuities, generally are exempt from federal income taxation. However, they are subject to taxation on their “unrelated business taxable income.” Although many investments in real estate generate unrelated business taxable income, the IRS has issued a ruling that dividend distributions from a REIT to an exempt employee pension trust do not constitute unrelated business taxable income so long as the exempt employee pension trust does not otherwise use the stock or shares of beneficial interest of the REIT in an unrelated trade or business of the pension trust. Based on that ruling, amounts that we distribute to tax-exempt stockholders generally should not constitute unrelated business taxable income. However, if a tax-exempt stockholder were to finance its acquisition of our common stock with debt, a portion of the income that it received from us would constitute unrelated business taxable income pursuant to the “debt-financed property” rules. Furthermore, social clubs, voluntary employee benefit associations, supplemental unemployment benefit trusts, and qualified group legal services plans that are exempt from taxation under special provisions of the federal income tax laws are subject to different unrelated business taxable income rules, which generally will require them to characterize distributions that they receive from us as unrelated business taxable income.

Finally, in certain circumstances, a qualified employee pension or profit-sharing trust that owns more than 10% of the value of our stock must treat a percentage of the dividends that it receives from us as unrelated business taxable income. Such percentage is equal to the gross income we derive from an unrelated trade or business, determined as if we were a pension trust, divided by our total gross income for the year in which we pay the dividends. Such rule applies to a pension trust holding more than 10% of the value of our stock only if:

the percentage of our dividends that the tax-exempt trust must treat as unrelated business taxable income is at least 5%;
we qualify as a REIT by reason of the modification of the rule requiring that no more than 50% of our stock be owned by five or fewer individuals that allows the beneficiaries of the pension trust to be treated as holding our stock in proportion to their actuarial interests in the pension trust; and
either:
one pension trust owns more than 25% of the value of our stock; or
a group of pension trusts, of which each pension trust holds more than 10% of the value of our stock, collectively owns more than 50% of the value of our stock.

As a result of limitations included in our charter on the transfer and ownership of our stock, we do not expect to be classified as a “pension-held REIT,” and, therefore, the tax treatment described in this paragraph should be inapplicable to our stockholders. However, because shares of our common stock are publicly traded, we cannot guarantee that this will always be the case.

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Taxation of Non-U.S. Stockholders

For purposes of our discussion, the term “non-U.S. stockholder” means a holder of our common stock that is not a U.S. stockholder, a partnership (or an entity treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes) or a tax-exempt stockholder. The rules governing federal income taxation of non-U.S. stockholders, including nonresident alien individuals, foreign corporations, foreign partnerships, and other foreign stockholders, are complex. This section is only a summary of certain of those rules.

We urge non-U.S. stockholders to consult their own tax advisors to determine the impact of federal, state, local and foreign income tax laws on the acquisition, ownership and disposition of our common stock, including any reporting requirements.

Distributions.  A non-U.S. stockholder that receives a distribution that is not attributable to gain from our sale or exchange of a “United States real property interest,” or a USRPI (discussed below), and that we do not designate as a capital gain dividend or retained long-term capital gain will recognize ordinary income to the extent that we pay such distribution out of our current or accumulated earnings and profits. A withholding tax equal to 30% of the gross amount of the distribution ordinarily will apply unless an applicable tax treaty reduces or eliminates the tax. A non-U.S. stockholder generally will be subject to federal income tax at graduated rates, however, on any distribution treated as effectively connected with the non-U.S. stockholder’s conduct of a U.S. trade or business, in the same manner as U.S. stockholders are taxed on distributions. A corporate non-U.S. stockholder may, in addition, be subject to the 30% branch profits tax with respect to any such distribution. We plan to withhold federal income tax at the rate of 30% on the gross amount of any distribution paid to a non-U.S. stockholder unless either:

a lower treaty rate applies and the non-U.S. stockholder submits an IRS Form W-8BEN to us evidencing eligibility for that reduced rate;
the non-U.S. stockholder submits an IRS Form W-8ECI to us claiming that the distribution is effectively connected income; or
the distribution is treated as attributable to a sale of a USRPI under FIRPTA (discussed below).

A non-U.S. stockholder will not incur tax on a distribution in excess of our current and accumulated earnings and profits if the excess portion of such distribution does not exceed such non-U.S. stockholder’s adjusted basis in our common stock. Instead, the excess portion of such distribution will reduce the non-U.S. stockholder’s adjusted basis in our common stock. A non-U.S. stockholder will be subject to tax on a distribution that exceeds both our current and accumulated earnings and profits and the non-U.S. stockholder’s adjusted basis in our common stock, if the non-U.S. stockholder otherwise would be subject to tax on gain from the sale or disposition of our common stock, as described below. See “— Dispositions” below. Under FIRPTA (discussed below), we may be required to withhold 10% of any distribution that exceeds our current and accumulated earnings and profits. Although we intend to withhold at a rate of 30% on the entire amount of any distribution (other than a distribution attributable to a sale of a USRPI), to the extent that we do not do so, we may withhold at a rate of 10% on any portion of a distribution not subject to withholding at a rate of 30%. Because we generally cannot determine at the time we make a distribution whether the distribution will exceed our current and accumulated earnings and profits, we may withhold tax on the entire amount of any distribution. However, a non-U.S. stockholder may obtain a refund of amounts that we withhold if we later determine that a distribution in fact exceeded our current and accumulated earnings and profits.

For any year in which we qualify as a REIT, the Foreign Investment in Real Property Tax Act of 1980, or FIRPTA, may apply to our sale or exchange of a USRPI. A USRPI includes certain interests in real property and stock in corporations at least 50% of whose assets consist of interests in real property. Under FIRPTA, a non-U.S. stockholder is taxed on distributions attributable to gain from sales of USRPIs as if such gain were effectively connected with the conduct of a U.S. trade or business of the non-U.S. stockholder. A non-U.S. stockholder thus would be taxed on such a distribution at the normal capital gains rates applicable to U.S. stockholders, subject to applicable alternative minimum tax and a special alternative minimum tax in the case of a nonresident alien individual. A non-U.S. corporate stockholder not entitled to treaty relief or exemption also may be subject to the 30% branch profits tax on such a distribution.

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If shares of our common stock continue to be regularly traded on an established securities market in the United States, capital gain distributions to a non-U.S. stockholder that are attributable to our sale of real property will be treated as ordinary dividends rather than as gain from the sale of a USRPI, as long as such non-U.S. stockholder did not own more than 5% of our outstanding common stock any time during the one-year period preceding the distribution. As a result, non-U.S. stockholders owning 5% or less of our common stock generally would be subject to withholding tax on such capital gain distributions in the same manner as they are subject to withholding tax on other distributions. If shares of our common stock cease to be regularly traded on an established securities market in the United States or if a non-U.S. stockholder owned more than 5% of our common stock any time during the one-year period preceding the distribution, capital gain distributions to such non-U.S. stockholder in respect of our common stock that are attributable to our sales of USRPIs would be subject to tax under FIRPTA, as described in the preceding paragraph.

If a distribution is subject to FIRPTA, we must withhold 35% of such distribution that we could designate as a capital gain dividend. A non-U.S. stockholder may receive a credit against its tax liability for the amount that we withhold. Moreover, if a non-U.S. stockholder disposes of our common stock during the 30-day period preceding a dividend payment, and such non-U.S. stockholder (or a person related to such non-U.S. stockholder) acquires or enters into a contract or option to acquire our stock within 61 days of the first day of the 30-day period described above, and any portion of such dividend payment would, but for the disposition, be treated as a USRPI capital gain to such non-U.S. stockholder, then such non-U.S. stockholder will be treated as having USRPI capital gain in an amount that, but for the disposition, would have been treated as USRPI capital gain.

Dispositions.  Non-U.S. stockholders may incur tax under FIRPTA with respect to gain realized on a disposition of our common stock since our common stock will constitute a USRPI unless one of the applicable exceptions, as described below, applies. Any gain subject to tax under FIRPTA will be treated in the same manner as it would be in the hands of U.S. stockholders subject to alternative minimum tax, but under a special alternative minimum tax in the case of nonresident alien individuals.

Non-U.S. stockholders generally will not incur tax under FIRPTA with respect to gain on a sale of our common stock, however, as long as, at all times during a specified period, we are domestically controlled, i.e., non-U.S. persons hold, directly or indirectly, less than 50% in value of our outstanding stock. We cannot assure you that we will be domestically controlled. In addition, even if a REIT is not domestically controlled, a non-U.S. stockholder that owned, actually or constructively, 5% or less of the outstanding common stock of such REIT at all times during a specified testing period will not incur tax under FIRPTA on gain from a sale of such common stock if shares of such common stock are “regularly traded” on an established securities market. Because shares of our common stock are “regularly traded” on an established securities market, we expect that a non-U.S. stockholder that has not owned more than 5% of our common stock at any time during the five-year period prior to such sale will not incur tax under FIRPTA on gain from a sale of our common stock.

A non-U.S. stockholder generally will incur tax on gain from a disposition of our common stock not subject to FIRPTA if:

the gain is effectively connected with the conduct of the non-U.S. stockholder’s U.S. trade or business, in which case the non-U.S. stockholder will be subject to the same treatment as U.S. stockholders with respect to such gain; or
the non-U.S. stockholder is a nonresident alien individual who was present in the U.S. for 183 days or more during the taxable year and has a “tax home” in the United States, in which case the non-U.S. stockholder will incur a 30% tax on its capital gains.

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Information Reporting Requirements, Backup Withholding and Certain Other Required Withholding

We will report to our stockholders and to the IRS the amount of distributions that we pay during each calendar year, and the amount of tax that we withhold, if any. Under the backup withholding rules, a stockholder may be subject to backup withholding (at a rate of 28% through 2012 and 31% thereafter, absent Congressional action) with respect to distributions unless the stockholder:

is a corporation or qualifies for certain other exempt categories and, when required, demonstrates this fact; or
provides a taxpayer identification number, certifies as to no loss of exemption from backup withholding, and otherwise complies with the applicable requirements of the backup withholding rules.

A stockholder who does not provide us with its correct taxpayer identification number also may be subject to penalties imposed by the IRS. Any amount paid as backup withholding will be creditable against the stockholder’s income tax liability. In addition, we may be required to withhold a portion of capital gain distributions to any stockholders who fail to certify their non-foreign status to us.

Backup withholding generally will not apply to payments of dividends made by us or our paying agents, in their capacities as such, to a non-U.S. stockholder provided that such non-U.S. stockholder furnishes to us or our paying agent the required certification as to its non-U.S. status, such as providing a valid IRS Form W-8BEN or W-8ECI, or certain other requirements are met. Notwithstanding the foregoing, backup withholding may apply if either we or our paying agent has actual knowledge, or reason to know, that the holder is a “U.S. person” that is not an exempt recipient. Payments of the proceeds from a disposition or a redemption of our common stock that occurs outside the U.S. by a non-U.S. stockholder made by or through a foreign office of a broker generally will not be subject to information reporting or backup withholding. However, information reporting (but not backup withholding) generally will apply to such a payment if the broker has certain connections with the U.S. unless the broker has documentary evidence in its records that demonstrates that the beneficial owner is a non-U.S. stockholder and specified conditions are met or an exemption is otherwise established. Payment of the proceeds from a disposition of our stock by a non-U.S. stockholder made by or through the U.S. office of a broker generally is subject to information reporting and backup withholding unless the non-U.S. stockholder certifies under penalties of perjury that it is not a U.S. person and satisfies certain other requirements, or otherwise establishes an exemption from information reporting and backup withholding.

Backup withholding is not an additional tax. Any amounts withheld under the backup withholding rules may be refunded or credited against the stockholder’s federal income tax liability if certain required information is furnished to the IRS. Stockholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding application of backup withholding to them and the availability of, and procedure for obtaining an exemption from, backup withholding.

For taxable years beginning after December 31, 2013, if certain disclosure requirements related to U.S. accounts or ownership are not satisfied, a U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate will be imposed on dividends received by (i) U.S. stockholders that own their common stock through foreign accounts or foreign intermediaries and (ii) certain non-U.S. stockholders. In addition, for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2014, if certain disclosure requirements related to U.S. accounts or ownership are not satisfied, a U.S. withholding tax at a 30% rate will be imposed on proceeds of sale in respect of our common stock received by (i) U.S. stockholders that own their common stock through foreign accounts or foreign intermediaries and (ii) certain non-U.S. stockholders. If payment of withholding taxes is required, non-U.S. stockholders that are otherwise eligible for an exemption from, or reduction of, U.S. withholding taxes with respect to such dividends and proceeds will be required to seek a refund from the IRS to obtain the benefit of such exemption or reduction. We will not pay any additional amounts in respect of any amounts withheld.

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Tax Aspects of Our Investments in Our Operating Partnership and Other Subsidiary Partnerships.

The following discussion summarizes the material federal income tax considerations that are applicable to our indirect investment in our Operating Partnership and our other subsidiaries that are treated as partnerships for federal income tax purposes, each individually referred to as a “Partnership” and, collectively, as the “Partnerships.” The following discussion does not address state or local tax laws or any federal tax laws other than income tax laws.

Classification as Partnerships

We are required to include in our income our distributive share of each Partnership’s income and to deduct our distributive share of each Partnership’s losses but only if such Partnership is classified for federal income tax purposes as a partnership, rather than as a corporation or an association taxable as a corporation. An unincorporated entity with at least two owners or members, as determined for federal income tax purposes, will be classified as a partnership, rather than as a corporation, for federal income tax purposes if it:

is treated as a partnership under the Treasury Regulations relating to entity classification, or the “check-the-box regulations;” and
is not a “publicly traded partnership.”

Under the check-the-box regulations, an unincorporated entity with at least two owners or members may elect to be classified either as an association taxable as a corporation or as a partnership. If such an entity does not make an election, it generally will be treated as a partnership for federal income tax purposes.

A publicly traded partnership is a partnership whose interests are traded on an established securities market or are readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof. A publicly traded partnership generally is treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes, but will not be so treated if, for each taxable year beginning after December 31, 1987 in which it was classified as a publicly traded partnership, at least 90% of the partnership’s gross income consisted of specified passive income, including real property rents, gains from the sale or other disposition of real property, interest, and dividends, or the “90% passive income exception.” The Treasury Regulations provide limited safe harbors from treatment as a publicly traded partnership. Pursuant to one of those safe harbors, interests in a partnership will not be treated as readily tradable on a secondary market or the substantial equivalent thereof if (1) all interests in the partnership were issued in a transaction or transactions that were not required to be registered under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended, and (2) the partnership does not have more than 100 partners at any time during the partnership’s taxable year. In determining the number of partners in a partnership, a person owning an interest in a partnership, grantor trust, or S corporation that owns an interest in the partnership is treated as a partner in such partnership only if (1) substantially all of the value of the owner’s interest in the entity is attributable to the entity’s direct or indirect interest in the partnership and (2) a principal purpose of the use of the entity is to permit the partnership to satisfy the 100-partner limitation. If any Partnership does not qualify for any safe harbor and is treated as a publicly traded partnership, we believe that such Partnership would have sufficient qualifying income to satisfy the 90% passive income exception and, therefore, would not be treated as a corporation for federal income tax purposes.

We have not requested, and do not intend to request, a ruling from the IRS that any of the Partnerships is or will be classified as a partnership for federal income tax purposes. If, for any reason, a Partnership were taxable as a corporation, rather than as a partnership, for federal income tax purposes, we may not be able to qualify as a REIT, unless we qualify for certain statutory relief provisions. See “— Gross Income Tests” and “— Asset Tests.” In addition, any change in a Partnership’s status for tax purposes might be treated as a taxable event, in which case we might incur tax liability without any related cash distribution. See “— Annual Distribution Requirements.” Further, items of income and deduction of such Partnership would not pass through to us, and we would be treated as a stockholder for federal income tax purposes. Consequently, such Partnership would be required to pay income tax at corporate rates on its net income, and distributions to us would constitute dividends that would not be deductible in computing such Partnership’s taxable income.

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Income Taxation of the Partnerships and Their Partners

Partners, Not the Partnerships, Subject to Tax.  A partnership is not a taxable entity for federal income tax purposes. Rather, we are required to take into account our distributive share of each Partnership’s income, gains, losses, deductions, and credits for each taxable year of the Partnership ending with or within our taxable year, even if we receive no distribution from the Partnership for that year or a distribution that is less than our share of taxable income. Similarly, even if we receive a distribution, it may not be taxable if the distribution does not exceed our adjusted tax basis in our interest in the Partnership.

Partnership Allocations.  Although a partnership agreement generally will determine the allocation of income and losses among partners, such allocations will be disregarded for tax purposes if they do not comply with the provisions of the federal income tax laws governing partnership allocations. If an allocation is not recognized for federal income tax purposes, the item subject to the allocation will be reallocated in accordance with the partners’ interests in the partnership, which will be determined by taking into account all of the facts and circumstances relating to the economic arrangement of the partners with respect to such item.

Tax Allocations With Respect to Contributed Properties.  Income, gain, loss, and deduction attributable to appreciated or depreciated property that is contributed to a partnership in exchange for an interest in the partnership must be allocated for federal income tax purposes in a manner such that the contributing partner is charged with, or benefits from, respectively, the unrealized gain or unrealized loss associated with the property at the time of the contribution (the “704(c) Allocations”). The amount of such unrealized gain or unrealized loss, referred to as “built-in gain” or “built-in loss,” at the time of contribution is generally equal to the difference between the fair market value of the contributed property at the time of contribution and the adjusted tax basis of such property at that time, referred to as a book-tax difference. A book-tax difference attributable to depreciable property generally is decreased on an annual basis as a result of the allocation of depreciation deductions to the contributing partner for book purposes, but not for tax purposes. The 704(c) Allocations are solely for federal income tax purposes and do not affect the book capital accounts or other economic or legal arrangements among the partners. The Treasury Regulations require partnerships to use a “reasonable method” for allocating items with respect to which there is a book-tax difference and outline several reasonable allocation methods.

The carryover basis of any properties actually contributed to our Operating Partnership or another partnership in which we own an interest by an additional partner or member, under certain reasonable methods available to us, including the “traditional method,” (i) may cause us to be allocated lower amounts of depreciation deductions for tax purposes than would be allocated to us if all contributed properties were to have a tax basis equal to their fair market value at the time of the contribution and (ii) in the event of a sale of such properties, may cause us to be allocated taxable gain in excess of the economic or book gain allocated to us as a result of such sale, with a corresponding tax benefit to the contributing partners. An allocation described in (ii) above may cause us to recognize taxable income in excess of cash proceeds in the event of a sale or other disposition of property, which might adversely affect our ability to comply with the REIT distribution requirements and may result in a greater portion of our distributions being taxed as dividends.

Basis in Partnership Interest.  Our adjusted tax basis in any partnership interest we own generally will be:

the amount of cash and the basis of any other property we contribute to the partnership;
increased by our allocable share of the partnership’s income (including tax-exempt income) and any increase in our allocable share of indebtedness of the partnership; and
reduced, but not below zero, by our allocable share of the partnership’s loss (excluding any non-deductible items), the amount of cash and the basis of property distributed to us, and any reduction in our allocable share of indebtedness of the partnership.

Loss allocated to us in excess of our basis in a partnership interest will not be taken into account for federal income tax purposes until we again have basis sufficient to absorb the loss. A reduction of our share of partnership indebtedness will be treated as a constructive cash distribution to us, and will reduce our adjusted tax basis. Distributions, including constructive distributions, in excess of the basis of our partnership interest

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will constitute taxable income to us. Such distributions and constructive distributions normally will be characterized as long-term capital gain.

Sale of a Partnership’s Property.  Generally, any gain realized by a Partnership on the sale of property held for more than one year will be long-term capital gain, except for any portion of the gain treated as depreciation or cost recovery recapture. Our share of any Partnership’s gain from the sale of inventory or other property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of the Partnership’s trade or business will be treated as income from a prohibited transaction subject to a 100% tax. Income from a prohibited transaction may have an adverse effect on our ability to satisfy the gross income tests for REIT status. See “— Gross Income Tests.” We presently do not intend to acquire or hold, or to allow any Partnership to acquire or hold, any property that is likely to be treated as inventory or property held primarily for sale to customers in the ordinary course of our, or any Partnership’s, trade or business.

Sunset of Reduced Tax Rate Provisions

Several of the tax considerations described herein are subject to a sunset provision. The sunset provision generally provides that for taxable years beginning after December 31, 2012, certain provisions that currently are in the Code will revert back to an earlier version of those provisions. Those provisions include provisions related to the reduced federal income tax rates for taxpayers taxed at individual rates as to ordinary income, long-term capital gains and qualified dividend income, and certain other tax rate provisions described herein. The impact of this sunset is not discussed in detail herein. Consequently, prospective stockholders should consult their own tax advisors regarding the effect of sunset provisions on an investment in our common stock.

State and Local Taxes

We and/or you may be subject to taxation by various states and localities, including those in which we or a stockholder transacts business, owns property or resides. The state and local tax treatment may differ from the federal income tax treatment described above. Consequently, you should consult your own tax advisors regarding the effect of state and local tax laws on an investment in our common stock.

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PLAN OF DISTRIBUTION

Unless otherwise set forth in an accompanying prospectus supplement to this prospectus, we may offer and sell these securities to or through one or more underwriters, dealers and agents, or directly to purchasers, on a continuous or delayed basis. Any such underwriter, dealer or agent involved in the offer and sale of the securities will be named in the applicable prospectus supplement. If we do not name a firm in the prospectus supplement, the firm may not directly or indirectly participate in any underwriting of those securities, although it may participate in the distribution of securities under circumstances entitling it to a dealer’s allowance or agent’s commission. In addition, we may sell securities directly to investors on our own behalf in those jurisdictions where we are authorized to do so.

Our common stock may also be sold in one or more of the following transactions: (i) block transactions (which may involve crosses) in which a broker-dealer may sell all or a portion of such shares as agent, but may position and resell all or a portion of the block as principal to facilitate the transaction; (ii) purchases by any such broker-dealer as principal, and resale by such broker-dealer for its own account pursuant to an accompanying prospectus supplement; (iii) a special offering, an exchange distribution or a secondary distribution in accordance with applicable New York Stock Exchange or other stock exchange, quotation system or over-the-counter market rules; (iv) ordinary brokerage transactions and transactions in which any such broker-dealer solicits purchasers; (v) sales “at the market” to or through a market maker or into an existing trading market, on an exchange or otherwise, for such shares; and (vi) sales in other ways not involving market makers or established trading markets, including direct sales to purchasers.

For each offering of our common stock, preferred stock, debt securities, or depositary shares, the accompanying prospectus supplement or other offering materials will describe the specific plan, including (i) the terms of the offering and the specific plan of distribution; (ii) the name or names of any underwriters, dealers, agents or direct purchasers; (iii) the purchase price of the securities; (iv) any delayed delivery arrangements; (v) any commissions paid to agents and any underwriting discounts, commissions or other items constituting underwriters’ compensation; (vi) any discounts or concessions allowed or reallowed or paid to dealers; and (vii) any other applicable terms of the specific offering.

Underwriters may offer and sell the securities at a fixed price or prices which may be changed, at market prices prevailing at the time of sale, at prices related to such prevailing market prices or at negotiated prices. We also may, from time to time, authorize dealers or agents to offer and sell the securities upon such terms and conditions as may be set forth in the accompanying prospectus supplement. In connection with the sale of any of the securities, underwriters may receive compensation from us in the form of underwriting discounts or commissions and may also receive commissions from purchasers of the securities for whom they may act as agent. Underwriters may sell the securities to or through dealers, and such dealers may receive compensation in the form of discounts, concessions or commissions from the underwriters or commissions from the purchasers for whom they may act as agents.

Any underwriting compensation paid by us to underwriters or agents in connection with the offering of the securities, and any discounts or concessions or commissions allowed by underwriters to participating dealers, will be set forth in the accompanying prospectus supplement. Dealers and agents participating in the distribution of the securities may be deemed to be underwriters, and any discounts and commissions received by them and any profit realized by them on resale of the securities may be deemed to be underwriting discounts and commissions.

Underwriters, dealers and agents may be entitled, under agreements entered into with us, to indemnification against and contribution toward certain civil liabilities, including liabilities under the Securities Act. Unless otherwise set forth in an accompanying prospectus supplement, the obligations of any underwriters to purchase any of the securities will be subject to certain conditions precedent, and the underwriters will be obligated to purchase all of such securities, if any are purchased.

Underwriters, dealers and agents may engage in transactions with, or perform services for, us and our affiliates in the ordinary course of business.

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If indicated in an accompanying prospectus supplement, we may authorize underwriters or other agents to solicit offers by institutions to purchase securities from us pursuant to contracts providing for payment and delivery on a future date. Institutions with which we may make these delayed delivery contracts include commercial and savings banks, insurance companies, pension funds, investment companies, educational and charitable institutions and others. The contracts will be subject only to those conditions set forth in the accompanying prospectus supplement, and the prospectus supplement will set forth any commissions we pay for solicitation of these contracts. The underwriters and other agents will not have any responsibility with regard to the validity or performance of these delayed delivery contracts.

In connection with the offering of the securities hereby, certain underwriters, and selling group members and their respective affiliates may engage in transactions that stabilize, maintain or otherwise affect the market price of the applicable securities. Such transactions may include stabilization transactions effected in accordance with Rule 104 of Regulation M promulgated by the SEC pursuant to which such persons may bid for or purchase securities for the purpose of stabilizing their market price. The underwriters in an offering of securities may also create a “short position” for their account by selling more securities in connection with the offering than they are committed to purchase from us. In such case, the underwriters could cover all or a portion of such short position by either purchasing securities in the open market following completion of the offering of such securities or by exercising any overallotment option granted to them by us. In addition, the managing underwriter may impose “penalty bids” under contractual arrangements with other underwriters, which means that they can reclaim from an underwriter (or any selling group member participating in the offering) for the account of the other underwriters, the selling concession with respect to securities that are distributed in the offering but subsequently purchased for the account of the underwriters in the open market. Any of the transactions described in this paragraph or comparable transactions that are described in any accompanying prospectus supplement may result in the maintenance of the price of the securities at a level above that which might otherwise prevail in the open market. None of such transactions described in this paragraph or in an accompanying prospectus supplement are required to be taken by any underwriters and, if they are undertaken, may be discontinued at any time.

We may sell the securities in exchange in whole or part for consideration other than cash. This consideration may consist of services or products, whether tangible or intangible, and including services or products we may use in our business; outstanding debt or equity securities of our company or one or more of its subsidiaries; debt or equity securities or assets of other companies, including in connection with investments, joint ventures or other strategic transactions, or acquisitions; release of claims or settlement of disputes; and satisfaction of obligations, including obligations to make payments to distributors or other suppliers and payment of interest on outstanding obligations. We may sell the securities as part of a transaction in which outstanding debt or equity securities of our company or one or more of our subsidiaries are surrendered, converted, exercised, canceled or transferred.

Our common stock is listed on the New York Stock Exchange under the symbol “EDR.” Any securities that we issue, other than common stock, will be new issues of securities with no established trading market and may or may not be listed on a national securities exchange, quotation system or over-the-counter market. Any underwriters or agents to or through which securities are sold by us may make a market in such securities, but such underwriters or agents will not be obligated to do so and any of them may discontinue any market making at any time without notice. No assurance can be given as to the liquidity of or trading market for any securities sold by us.

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LEGAL MATTERS

Certain matters of Maryland law, including the validity of the common stock to be offered by means of this prospectus, will be passed upon for us by Venable LLP, Baltimore, Maryland. Certain federal income tax matters will be passed upon for us by Bass, Berry & Sims PLC, Memphis, Tennessee.

EXPERTS

The consolidated financial statements incorporated in this prospectus by reference from Education Realty Trust, Inc.’s Current Report on Form 8-K dated October 21, 2011, and the effectiveness of Education Realty Trust, Inc. and subsidiaries’ (the “Trust”) internal control over financial reporting have been audited by Deloitte & Touche LLP, an independent registered public accounting firm, as stated in their report, which is incorporated herein by reference (which report (1) expresses an unqualified opinion and includes an explanatory paragraph relating to the retrospective effects of the presentation of discontinued operations in accordance with authoritative guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board and (2) expresses an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of the Trust’s internal control over financial reporting). Such consolidated financial statements have been so incorporated in reliance upon the report of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

The statements of certain revenues and certain expenses of University Village Towers in Riverside, California for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008 and of GrandMarc at Westberry Place in Ft. Worth, Texas for the year ended December 31, 2010 have been audited by Dixon Hughes Goodman LLP, independent auditors, as stated in their reports, appearing herein, and are included in reliance upon the reports of such firm given upon their authority as experts in accounting and auditing.

WHERE YOU CAN FIND MORE INFORMATION

We are a public company and file annual, quarterly and current reports, proxy statements and other information with the SEC. You may read and copy any document we file at the SEC’s public reference room at 100 F Street, NE, Washington, D.C. 20549. You may request copies of these documents by writing to the SEC and paying a fee for the copying cost. Please call the SEC at 1-800-SEC-0330 for more information about the operation of the public reference room. Our SEC filings are also available to the public at the SEC’s website at http://www.sec.gov. In addition, you may read and copy our SEC filings at the office of the New York Stock Exchange at 20 Broad Street, New York, New York 10005. We also make available free of charge through our website our Annual Reports on Form 10-K, Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, Current Reports on Form 8-K and amendments to those reports filed or furnished pursuant to Section 13(a) or 15(d) of the Securities and Exchange Act of 1934, as amended, as well as our definitive proxy statement and Section 16 reports on Forms 3, 4 and 5. Our website address is www.educationrealty.com. However, the information located on, or accessible from, our website is not, and shall not be deemed to be, except as described below, a part of this prospectus supplement or the accompanying prospectus or incorporated into any other filings that we make with the SEC.

This prospectus is only part of a registration statement on Form S-3 we have filed with the SEC under the Securities Act of 1933 and therefore omits some of the information contained in the registration statement. We have also filed exhibits and schedules to the registration statement which are excluded from this prospectus, and you should refer to the applicable exhibit or schedule for a complete description of any statement referring to any contract or other document. You may inspect or obtain a copy of the registration statement, including the exhibits and schedules, as described in the previous paragraph.

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INCORPORATION OF CERTAIN DOCUMENTS BY REFERENCE

The SEC allows us to “incorporate by reference” the information we file with it, which means that we can disclose important information to you by referring you to those documents. The information incorporated by reference is considered to be part of this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus and the information we file subsequently with the SEC prior to the completion of this offering will automatically update and supersede this information.

We previously filed the following documents with the SEC and such filings are incorporated by reference into this prospectus:

Annual Report on Form 10-K for the year ended December 31, 2010 (including portions of our definitive Proxy Statement for the 2011 Annual Meeting of Stockholders incorporated therein by reference);
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended March 31, 2011;
Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the quarter ended June 30, 2011;
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 3, 2011;
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 7, 2011 (excluding the information furnished under Item 7.01 and Exhibit 99.1);
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on January 25, 2011;
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on May 6, 2011;
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 2, 2011;
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 20, 2011;
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on September 26, 2011;
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on October 21, 2011;
Current Report on Form 8-K filed on November 1, 2011; and
the description of our common stock contained in our Registration Statement on Form 8-A filed on January 25, 2005.

We also incorporate by reference into this prospectus additional documents that we may file with the SEC under Section 13(a), 13(c), 14 or 15(d) of the Exchange Act, from the date of this prospectus until all of the securities offered by this prospectus have been sold or we otherwise terminate the offering of these securities, including all filings made after the date of the initial filing of the registration statement of which this prospectus is a part and prior to the effectiveness of the registration statement; provided, however, that information “furnished” under Item 2.02 or Item 7.01 of Form 8-K or other information “furnished” to the SEC which is not deemed filed and not incorporated by reference in this prospectus and any accompanying prospectus. Information that we subsequently file with the SEC will automatically update and may supersede information in this prospectus, any accompanying prospectus and information previously filed with the SEC.

You may request a copy of these filings (other than exhibits, unless the exhibits are specifically incorporated by reference into these documents) at no cost by writing or calling Investor Relations at the following address and telephone number:

Education Realty Trust, Inc.
530 Oak Court Drive, Suite 300
Memphis, Tennessee 38117
(901) 259-2500

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INDEX TO FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

 
  Page
PRO FORMA FINANCIAL INFORMATION     F-2  
Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet as of June 30, 2011     F-3  
Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the Six Months Ended June 30, 2011     F-4  
Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Statement of Operations for the Year Ended December 31, 2010     F-5  
Notes to Pro Forma Condensed Consolidated Financial Statements     F-6  
UNIVERSITY VILLAGE TOWERS
        
Independent Auditor’s Report     F-9  
Statements of Certain Revenues and Certain Expenses for the Period from January 1, 2011 through June 30, 2011 and the Years Ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008     F-10  
Notes to Statements of Certain Revenues and Certain Expenses     F-11  
GRANDMARC AT WESTBERRY PLACE
        
Independent Auditor’s Report     F-13  
Statements of Certain Revenues and Certain Expenses for the Period from January 1, 2011 through June 30, 2011 and the Year Ended December 31, 2010     F-14  
Notes to Statements of Certain Revenues and Certain Expenses     F-15  

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PRO FORMA FINANCIAL INFORMATION

Education Realty Operating Partnership, LP, a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), which is the operating partnership subsidiary of Education Realty Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation (the “Company”), has entered into an agreement to purchase GrandMarc at Westberry Place, a 644-bed collegiate housing community on the campus of Texas Christian University in Fort Worth, Texas. Closing of the transaction is pending and is contingent on various factors, including debt assumption, but is currently considered probable. The Operating Partnership also closed the acquisition of University Village Towers, a 544-bed collegiate housing community at the University of California at Riverside in Riverside, California. The Operating Partnership had a 10% equity investment in the entity that owned University Village Towers and also managed the property prior to the acquisition.

The Company is filing the audited statements and pro forma financial information related to these two acquired real estate properties that are individually insignificant in order to comply with the financial statement requirements related to registration statements under the Securities Act of 1933, as amended.

In evaluating these properties as potential acquisitions and determining the appropriate amount of consideration to be paid, the Company considered a variety of factors, including the current and historical occupancy and rent levels of the properties; the financial condition of the properties; property location, visibility and access, including proximity to the applicable college or university; the identity and enrollment levels at the applicable colleges and universities; age of the properties, physical condition and curb appeal; neighboring property; local market conditions, including other student housing; zoning; title to the properties; environmental matters; and growth patterns and economic conditions that may affect the properties.

The following unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated financial statements of the Company for the six months ended June 30, 2011 and the year ended December 31, 2010 are presented as if the Company had acquired University Village Towers and GrandMarc at Westberry Place (the “Properties”) as of June 30, 2011 for the pro forma condensed consolidated balance sheet and as if the Company had acquired the Properties on the first day of the period presented for the pro forma condensed consolidated statements of operations.

These pro forma condensed consolidated financial statements are presented for informational purposes only and should be read in conjunction with the historical financial statements of University Village Towers and GrandMarc at Westberry Place and related notes thereto included elsewhere in this prospectus and the Company’s historical financial statements, including the notes thereto, incorporated by reference herein. The adjustments to the pro forma condensed consolidated financial statements are based on available information and assumptions that management considers reasonable. The pro forma condensed consolidated financial statements are unaudited and are not necessarily indicative of what the financial position of the Company would have been if the acquisitions of the Properties had been completed on June 30, 2011 or what the actual results of operations would have been had the Company completed the acquisitions of the Properties on the first day of the periods presented, nor do they purport to represent the financial position of the results of operations of the Company as of any future date or for any future periods.

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Education Realty Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries
  
Pro forma condensed consolidated balance sheet
As of June 30, 2011 (Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except share and per share data)

       
  Consolidated
Education Realty
Trust, Inc.
  GrandMarc at Westberry
Place
Pro Forma
Adjustments
  University
Village
Towers
Pro Forma
Adjustments
  Company
Pro Forma
     (A)   (B)   (C)     
Assets
                                   
Collegiate housing properties, net   $ 661,535     $ 54,750     $ 38,120     $ 754,405  
Assets under development     11,527                         11,527  
Corporate office furniture and equipment, net     634                         634  
Cash and cash equivalents     71,289       (18,080 )      (37,748 )      15,461  
Restricted cash     3,560                         3,560  
Student contracts receivable, net     443                         443  
Management fee receivable from third party     290                         290  
Notes Receivable     18,000                         18,000  
Goodwill and other intangibles, net     3,133                         3,133  
Other assets     12,872       375       (499 )      12,748  
Total assets   $ 783,283     $ 37,045     $ (127 )    $ 820,201  
Liabilities and equity
                                   
Liabilities:
                                   
Mortgage and construction loans, net of unamortized premium/discount   $ 329,989     $ 37,170     $     $ 367,159  
Accounts payable     3,019                         3,019  
Accrued expenses     19,327                276       19,603  
Deferred revenue     9,355                         9,355  
Total liabilities     361,690       37,170       276       399,136  
Commitments and contingencies                              
Redeemable noncontrolling interests     10,053                         10,053  
Equity:
                                   
Education Realty Trust, Inc. stockholders’ equity:
                                   
Common stock, $.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized, 71,990,538 issued and outstanding June 30, 2011     720                         720  
Preferred shares, $0.01 par value, 50,000,000 shares authorized, no shares issues and outstanding                              
Additional paid-in capital     500,283                         500,283  
Accumulated deficit     (89,463 )      (125 )      (403 )      (89,991 ) 
Total equity     411,540       (125 )      (403 )      411,012  
Total liabilities and equity   $ 783,283     $ 37,045     $ (127 )    $ 820,201  

 
 
See accompanying notes.

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Education Realty Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries
  
Pro forma condensed consolidated statement of operations
Six months ended June 30, 2011 (Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

         
         
  Consolidated
Education
Realty
Trust, Inc.
  Acquisition of
GrandMarc at
Westberry
Place
  Acquisition of
University
Village
Towers
  Pro Forma
Adjustments
  Company
Pro Forma
     (D)   (E)   (F)          
Revenues:
                                            
Collegiate housing leasing revenue   $ 52,312     $ 3,364     $ 2,032     $     $ 57,708  
Third-party development services     2,349                                  2,349  
Third-party management services     1,579                         (73 )(G)      1,506  
Operating expense reimbursements     3,873                                  3,873  
Total revenues     60,113       3,364       2,032       (73 )      65,436  
Operating expenses:
                                            
Collegiate housing leasing operations     22,532       1,597       944       (480 )(H)      24,593  
Development and management services     2,647                                  2,647  
General and administrative     5,026                         211 (I)      5,237  
Depreciation and amortization     13,845                         1,152 (J)      14,997  
Ground lease expense     2,732                         480 (K)      3,212  
Reimbursable operating expenses     3,873                                  3,873  
Total operating expenses     50,655       1,597       944       1,363       54,559  
Operating income (loss)     9,458       1,767       1,088       (1,436 )      10,877  
Nonoperating expenses:
                                            
Interest expense     9,384                         926 (L)      10,310  
Amortization of deferred financing costs     568                         21 (M)      589  
Interest income     (92 )                                 (92 ) 
Loss on extinguishment of debt     351                                  351  
Total nonoperating expenses     10,211                   947       11,158  
Income (loss) before equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated entities, income taxes and discontinued operations     (753 )      1,767       1,088       (2,383 )      (281 ) 
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated entities     (18 )                        (317 )(N)      (335 ) 
Income (loss) before income taxes and discontinued operations     (771 )      1,767       1,088       (2,700 )      (616 ) 
Income tax benefit     (218 )                        (30 )(O)      (248 ) 
Income (loss) from continuing operations   $ (553 )    $ 1,767     $ 1,088     $ (2,670 )    $ (368 ) 

 
 
See accompanying notes.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Education Realty Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries
  
Pro forma condensed consolidated statement of operations
Year ended December 31, 2010 (Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands, except per share data)

         
         
  Consolidated
Education Realty
Trust, Inc.
  Acquisition of
GrandMarc at
Westberry Place
  Acquisition of
University
Village Towers
  Pro Forma
Adjustments
  Company
Pro Forma
Revenues:
    (Q)       (R)       (S)                    
Collegiate housing leasing revenue   $ 96,510     $ 6,486     $ 4,195     $     $ 107,191  
Third-party development services     2,483                                  2,483  
Third-party management services     3,189                         (149 )(T)      3,040  
Operating expense reimbursements     14,519                                  14,519  
Total revenues     116,701       6,486       4,195       (149 )      127,233  
Operating expenses:
                                            
Collegiate housing leasing operations     46,293       3,391       1,823       (959 )(U)      50,548  
General and administrative     17,401                         211 (V)      17,612  
Depreciation and amortization     25,021                         2,303 (W)      27,324  
Ground lease expense     1,528                         959 (X)      2,487  
Reimbursable operating expenses     13,603                                  13,603  
Total operating expenses     103,846       3,391       1,823       2,514       111,574  
Operating income (loss)     12,855       3,095       2,372       (2,663 )      15,659  
Nonoperating expenses:
                                            
Interest expense     19,787                         1,851 (Y)      21,638  
Amortization of deferred financing costs     1,192                         38 (Z)      1,230  
Interest income     (414 )                                 (414 ) 
Total nonoperating expenses     20,565                   1,889       22,454  
Income (loss) before equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated entities, income taxes and discontinued operations     (7,710 )      3,095       2,372       (4,552 )      (6,795 ) 
Equity in earnings (losses) of unconsolidated entities     (260 )                        (365 )(AA)      (625 ) 
Income (loss) before income taxes and discontinued operations     (7,970 )      3,095       2,372       (4,917 )      (7,420 ) 
Income tax expense (benefit)     442                         (61 )(BB)      381  
Income (loss) from continuing operations   $ (8,412 )    $ 3,095     $ 2,372     $ (4,856 )    $ (7,801 ) 

 
 
See accompanying notes.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Education Realty Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries
  
Notes to pro forma condensed consolidated financial statements (Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)

1. Adjustments to the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2011

(A) Reflects the Company’s unaudited condensed consolidated balance sheet as of June 30, 2011.
(B) Represents the pro forma adjustments to reflect the probable acquisition of GrandMarc at Westberry Place as if the acquisition had occurred on June 30, 2011. This probable acquisition is accounted for using the authoritative guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board. Total consideration is estimated to be $55.3 million and is comprised of the following:

 
Cash   $ 18,080  
Assumption of debt     37,170  
Total consideration   $ 55,250  

The preliminary allocation of purchase price is estimated to be as follows:

 
Collegiate housing properties, net   $ 54,750  
Deferred financing fees     375  
Acquisition costs     125  
Total   $ 55,250  
(C) Represents the pro forma adjustments to reflect the acquisition of University Village Towers as if the acquisition had occurred on June 30, 2011. The Company had a 10% equity investment in the entity that owned University Village Towers and also managed the property prior to the acquisition. The acquisition is accounted for using the authoritative guidance issued by the Financial Accounting Standards Board. Total consideration was $38.2 million and was comprised of the following:

 
Cash   $ 37,948  
Assumed liabilities     276  
Total consideration   $ 38,224  

The preliminary allocation of purchase price is as follows:

 
Collegiate housing properties, net   $ 38,120  
Other assets     18  
Acquisition costs     86  
Total   $ 38,224  

In conjunction with the acquisition the Company received a $0.2 million cash distribution from the joint venture and recorded a $0.3 million loss on the investment which are recorded as adjustments to other assets in the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated balance sheet.

2. Adjustments to the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statement of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2011

(D) Reflects the Company’s unaudited historical condensed consolidated statement of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2011.
(E) Reflects the historical unaudited certain revenues and certain expenses related to the probable acquisition of GrandMarc at Westberry Place for the six months ended June 30, 2011. The unaudited statements of certain revenues and certain expenses for the period prior to acquisition are included elsewhere in this filing.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Education Realty Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries
  
Notes to pro forma condensed consolidated financial statements (Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)

2. Adjustments to the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statement of operations for the six months ended June 30, 2011  – (continued)

(F) Reflects the historical unaudited certain revenues and certain expenses related to the acquisition of University Village Towers for the six months ended June 30, 2011. The unaudited statements of certain revenues and certain expenses for the period prior to acquisition are included elsewhere in this filing.
(G) Represents the elimination of third party management fee revenue associated with the management of University Village Towers.
(H) Adjustment to reflect the reclassification of ground lease expense related to GrandMarc at Westberry Place from collegiate housing leasing operations to ground lease expense.
(I) Adjustment to reflect acquisition costs associated with both acquisitions.
(J) Represents the additional depreciation expense as a result of the purchase accounting adjustments related to both collegiate housing acquisitions.
(K) Adjustment to reflect the reclassification of ground lease expense related to GrandMarc at Westberry Place from collegiate housing leasing operations to ground lease expense.
(L) Represents an increase in interest expense for the six months ended June 30, 2011 to reflect the assumption of debt in connection with the probable acquisition of GrandMarc at Westberry Place. The weighted average interest rate is 4.98%.
(M) Represents the additional amortization of deferred financing costs as a result of the assumption of debt in connection with the probable acquisition of GrandMarc at Westberry Place. These costs will be amortized over the remaining life of the debt using the effective interest method.
(N) Represents the Company’s share of the loss on sale of assets recognized by the joint venture as a result of the sale of University Village Towers to the Company.
(O) Adjustment for the reduction in income tax expense associated with the elimination of the third party management fee revenue related to University Village Towers.

3. Adjustments to the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2010

(P) Reflects the Company’s unaudited historical condensed consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2010.
(Q) Reflects the historical certain revenues and certain expenses related to the probable acquisition of GrandMarc at Westberry Place for the year ended December 31, 2010. The statements of certain revenues and certain expenses for the period prior to acquisition are included elsewhere in this filing.
(R) Reflects the historical certain revenues and certain expenses related to the acquisition of University Village Towers for the year ended December 31, 2010. The statements of certain revenues and certain expenses for the period prior to acquisition are included elsewhere in this filing.
(S) Represents the elimination of third party management fee revenue associated with the management of University Village Towers.
(T) Adjustment to reflect the reclassification of ground lease expense related to GrandMarc at Westberry Place from collegiate housing leasing operations to ground lease expense.
(U) Adjustment to reflect acquisition costs associated with both purchases.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

Education Realty Trust, Inc. and Subsidiaries
  
Notes to pro forma condensed consolidated financial statements (Unaudited)
(Dollars in thousands)

3. Adjustments to the unaudited pro forma condensed consolidated statement of operations for the year ended December 31, 2010  – (continued)

(V) Represents the additional depreciation expense as a result of the purchase accounting adjustments related to both collegiate housing acquisitions.
(W) Adjustment to reflect the reclassification of ground lease expense related to GrandMarc at Westberry Place from collegiate housing leasing operations to ground lease expense.
(X) Represents an increase in interest expense for the year ended December 31, 2010 to reflect the assumption of debt in connection with the probable acquisition of GrandMarc at Westberry Place. The weighted average interest rate is 4.98%.
(Y) Represents the additional amortization of deferred financing costs as a result of the assumption of debt in connection with the probable acquisition of GrandMarc at Westberry Place. These costs will be amortized over the remaining life of the debt using the effective interest method.
(Z) Represents the Company’s share of the loss on sale of assets recognized by the joint venture as a result of the sale of University Village Towers to the Company.
(AA) Adjustment for the reduction in income tax expense associated with the elimination of the third party management fee revenue related to University Village Towers.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

UNIVERSITY VILLAGE TOWERS

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT

The Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Education Realty Trust, Inc.
Memphis, Tennessee

We have audited the accompanying statements of certain revenues and certain expenses of the University Village Towers (the “Property”) for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008. These financial statements are the responsibility of the Property’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements based on our audits.

We conducted our audits in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Property’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statements presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

The accompanying statements of certain revenues and certain expenses of the Property were prepared for the purpose of complying with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain revenues and expenses (described in Note 1) that would not be comparable to those resulting from the proposed future operations of the Property are excluded, and the statement is not intended to be a complete presentation of the Property’s revenues and expenses.

In our opinion, the statements of certain revenues and certain expenses presents fairly, in all material respects, the certain revenues and certain expenses of the Property as described in Note 1 for the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

/s/ Dixon Hughes Goodman LLP
Memphis, Tennessee
October 20, 2011

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

University Village Towers
  
Statements of Certain Revenues and Certain Expenses
For the Period from January 1, 2011 through June 30, 2011 (Unaudited) and
the Years Ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008
(Dollars in thousands)

       
  Period from
January 1, 2011
through
June 30, 2011
  Year ended
December 31,
2010
  Year ended
December 31,
2009
  Year ended
December 31,
2008
     (Unaudited)               
Certain revenues:
                                   
Rent   $ 1,989     $ 4,107     $ 4,272     $ 4,056  
Other income     43       88       135       149  
Total certain revenues     2,032       4,195       4,407       4,205  
Certain expenses:
                                   
Property operating expenses     698       1,376       1,369       1,399  
Real estate taxes and insurance     246       447       613       643  
Total expenses     944       1,823       1,982       2,042  
Certain revenues in excess of certain expenses   $ 1,088     $ 2,372     $ 2,425     $ 2,163  

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

University Village Towers
Notes to Statements of Certain Revenues and Certain Expenses
For the Period from January 1, 2011 through June 30, 2011 (Unaudited) and
the Years Ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008
(Dollars in thousands)

1. General

Basis of Presentation

The accompanying statements of certain revenues and certain expenses for the periods presented are for University Village Towers (the “Property”), a 544-bed collegiate housing facility on the campus of the University of California at Riverside (the “University”) located in Riverside, California. The Property is managed by Allen and O’Hara Educational Services (“AOES”), a wholly owned subsidiary of Education Realty Operating Partnership, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), which is the operating partnership of Education Realty Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation. On September 20, 2011, the Operating Partnership purchased the Property for $38,220 in cash from WEDR Riverside Investors V, LLC, in which it held a 10% interest.

The accompanying statements of certain revenues and certain expenses for the period from January 1, 2011 through June 30, 2011, and the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, were prepared for the purpose of complying with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for the acquisition of real estate properties. The statements of certain revenues and certain expenses are not intended to be a complete presentation of the actual operations of the Property for the period from January 1, 2011 through June 30, 2011, and the years ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008, as certain expenses which may not be comparable to the expenses to be incurred in the proposed future operations of the Property have been excluded. Expenses excluded consist of interest expense, management fees, depreciation, amortization, and certain other corporate expenses not directly related to the future operations of the Property. In the opinion of management of the Property, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Revenue Recognition

Property management generally leases apartment beds based on twelve month or less lease agreements. Tenants are billed in equal monthly installments on the first of the month and revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease agreement. It is not uncommon for tenants to pay rent in advance, which is recognized as income when earned.

The future minimum rental income to be received, based on leases in place at June 30, 2011, is approximately $735.

Property Operating Expenses

Property operating expenses represent the direct expenses of operating the Property and consist primarily of common area maintenance, security, utilities, advertising and promotion, bad debts, general and administrative, salaries, and other operating expenses that are expected to continue in the ongoing operation of the Property.

Capitalization

Expenditures for ordinary maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred and significant renovations and improvements that improve and/or extend the useful life have been capitalized.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the statements of certain revenues and certain expenses in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of certain revenues and certain expenses. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

University Village Towers
Notes to Statements of Certain Revenues and Certain Expenses
For the Period from January 1, 2011 through June 30, 2011 (Unaudited) and
the Years Ended December 31, 2010, 2009 and 2008
(Dollars in thousands)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  – (continued)

Commitments, Contingencies and Concentrations

In the normal course of business, the Property is subject to claims, lawsuits, and legal proceedings. While it is not possible to ascertain the ultimate outcome of such matters, in management’s opinion, judgments in amounts not covered by insurance are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the results of operations.

The Property is subject to the risks involved with the ownership and operation of residential real estate at the University. These risks include, among others, those normally associated with changes in the demand for housing by students, competition for tenants, creditworthiness of tenants, changes in tax laws, and potential liability under environmental and other laws.

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying statements of certain revenues and certain expenses for the period from January 1, 2011 through June 30, 2011, is unaudited, but includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, that in the opinion of management are necessary for a fair presentation of the Property’s statement of certain revenues and certain expenses for such period. The results for the period are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for a full fiscal year or any future period.

Subsequent Events

The Property evaluated the effect of subsequent events would have on the financial statements through October 20, 2011, which is the date the financial statements were available to be issued.

3. Related Party Transaction

Under the provisions of the Management Agreement, AOES is responsible for the management of the Property.

The Management Fee is based on 4% of monthly gross rental income. In connection with this activity, AOES earned fees as follows:

     
  2010   2009   2008
Management fees   $ 166     $ 179     $ 168  

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

GRANDMARC AT WESTBERRY PLACE

INDEPENDENT AUDITORS’ REPORT

The Board of Directors and Stockholders of
Education Realty Trust, Inc.
Memphis, Tennessee

We have audited the accompanying statement of certain revenues and certain expenses of GrandMarc at Westberry Place (the “Property”) for the year ended December 31, 2010. This financial statement is the responsibility of the Property’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on this financial statement based on our audit.

We conducted our audit in accordance with auditing standards generally accepted in the United States of America. Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statement is free of material misstatement. An audit includes consideration of internal control over financial reporting as a basis for designing audit procedures that are appropriate in the circumstances, but not for the purpose of expressing an opinion on the effectiveness of the Property’s internal control over financial reporting. Accordingly, we express no such opinion. An audit also includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statement, assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

The accompanying statement of certain revenues and certain expenses of the Property was prepared for the purpose of complying with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission. Certain revenues and expenses (described in Note 1) that would not be comparable to those resulting from the proposed future operations of the Property are excluded, and the statement is not intended to be a complete presentation of the Property’s revenues and expenses.

In our opinion, the statement of certain revenues and certain expenses presents fairly, in all material respects, the certain revenues and certain expenses of the Property as described in Note 1 for the year ended December 31, 2010, in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America.

/s/ Dixon Hughes Goodman LLP
Memphis, Tennessee
October 20, 2011

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

GrandMarc at Westberry Place
  
Statements of Certain Revenues and Certain Expenses
For the Period from January 1, 2011 through June 30, 2011 (Unaudited) and
the Year Ended December 31, 2010
(Dollars in thousands)

   
  Period from
January 1, 2011
through
June 30, 2011
  Year ended
December 31, 2010
     (Unaudited)     
Certain revenues:
                 
Rent   $ 3,283     $ 6,326  
Other income     81       160  
Total certain revenues     3,364       6,486  
Certain expenses:
                 
Property operating expenses     1,296       2,790  
Real estate taxes and insurance     301       601  
Total expenses     1,597       3,391  
Certain revenues in excess of certain expenses   $ 1,767     $ 3,095  

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

GrandMarc at Westberry Place
  
Notes to Statements of Certain Revenues and Certain Expenses
For the Period from January 1, 2011 through June 30, 2011 (Unaudited) and
the Year Ended December 31, 2010
(Dollars in thousands)

1. Basis of Presentation

The accompanying statements of certain revenues and certain expenses for the periods presented are for GrandMarc at Westberry Place (the “Property”), a 644-bed collegiate housing facility on the campus of Texas Christian University (the “University”) located in Ft. Worth, Texas. Education Realty Operating Partnership, L.P., a Delaware limited partnership (the “Operating Partnership”), which is the operating partnership of Education Realty Trust, Inc., a Maryland corporation, entered into a purchase and sale agreement to purchase the Property from PB BH Berry Street PO Limited Partnership (the “Seller”). Closing of the transaction is pending but is considered probable by the Operating Partnership.

The accompanying statements of certain revenues and certain expenses for the period from January 1, 2011 through June 30, 2011, and the year ended December 31, 2010, were prepared for the purpose of complying with the rules and regulations of the Securities and Exchange Commission for the acquisition of real estate properties. The statements of certain revenues and certain expenses are not intended to be a complete presentation of the actual operations of the property for the period from January 1, 2011 through June 30, 2011, and the year ended December 31, 2010, as certain expenses which may not be comparable to the expenses to be incurred in the proposed future operations of the Property have been excluded. Expenses excluded consist of interest expense, management fees, depreciation, amortization, and certain partnership and other corporate expenses not directly related to the future operations of the Property. In the opinion of management of the Property, all adjustments considered necessary for a fair presentation have been included.

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies

Revenue Recognition

Property management generally leases apartment beds based on twelve month or less lease agreements. Tenants are billed in equal monthly installments on the first of the month and revenue is recognized on a straight-line basis over the term of the lease agreement. It is not uncommon for tenants to pay rent in advance, which is recognized as income when earned.

The future minimum rental income to be received based on leases in place at June 30, 2011, is approximately $6,159.

Property Operating Expenses

Property operating expenses represent the direct expenses of operating the Property and consist primarily of common area maintenance, security, utilities, advertising and promotion, bad debts, general and administrative, salaries, ground lease, and other operating expenses that are expected to continue in the ongoing operation of the Property.

The Seller owns the assets of the Property subject to a ground lease. The ground lease between the Property and the University (the “Lessor”) was effective on October 1, 2003, and expires on December 31, 2064. Lease payments are based on a fixed initial rate of $390 per year and increase annually beginning January 1, 2009, based on the greater of three percent or the percentage change in the Consumer Price Index-Urban (“CPI-U”), as provided in the lease agreement. The three percent fixed minimum rent escalation was determined to represent a scheduled rent increase under current lease accounting guidance. Therefore, the total rent expense over the life of the lease will be recognized on a straight-line basis. Annual base rent expense on a straight-line basis is expected to be $959.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

GrandMarc at Westberry Place
  
Notes to Statements of Certain Revenues and Certain Expenses
For the Period from January 1, 2011 through June 30, 2011 (Unaudited) and
the Year Ended December 31, 2010
(Dollars in thousands)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  – (continued)

Future payments due on the ground lease as of June 30, 2011, are as follows:

 
Year ending
2011 (remaining six months)   $ 213  
2012     439  
2013     452  
2014     466  
2015     480  
Thereafter     53,623  
     $ 55,673  

Debt Assumption

In connection with the acquisition of the Property described in Note 1, the Operating Partnership will assume $37,170, as of June 30, 2011, in debt with a variable interest rate of the one (1) month Reference Bill® index rate plus 485 basis points (4.98% as of December 31, 2010). The interest rate is capped at 7.5%, and the debt matures January 1, 2020.

Future principal payments due on the mortgage note as of June 30, 2011, are as follows:

 
Year ending
2011 (remaining six months)   $ 298  
2012     618  
2013     650  
2014     683  
2015     718  
Thereafter     34,203  
     $ 37,170  

Capitalization

Expenditures for ordinary maintenance and repairs are expensed as incurred and significant renovations and improvements that improve and/or extend the useful life have been capitalized.

Use of Estimates

The preparation of the statements of certain revenues and certain expenses in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States of America requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of certain revenues and certain expenses. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

Commitments, Contingencies and Concentrations

In the normal course of business, the Property is subject to claims, lawsuits, and legal proceedings. While it is not possible to ascertain the ultimate outcome of such matters, in management’s opinion, judgments in amounts not covered by insurance are not expected to have a material adverse effect on the results of operations.

The Property is subject to the risks involved with the ownership and operation of residential real estate at the University. These risks include, among others, those normally associated with changes in the demand for housing by students, competition for tenants, creditworthiness of tenants, changes in tax laws, and potential liability under environmental and other laws.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

GrandMarc at Westberry Place
  
Notes to Statements of Certain Revenues and Certain Expenses
For the Period from January 1, 2011 through June 30, 2011 (Unaudited) and
the Year Ended December 31, 2010
(Dollars in thousands)

2. Summary of Significant Accounting Policies  – (continued)

Unaudited Interim Financial Information

The accompanying statement of certain revenues and certain expenses for the period from January 1, 2011 through June 30, 2011, is unaudited, but includes all adjustments, consisting only of normal recurring adjustments, that in the opinion of management are necessary for a fair presentation of the Property’s statement of certain revenues and certain expenses for such period. The results for the period are not necessarily indicative of results that may be expected for any other interim period or for a full fiscal year or any future period.

Subsequent Events

The Property evaluated the effect of subsequent events would have on the financial statements through October 20, 2011, which is the date the financial statements were available to be issued.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

 

  
  
  
  
  

12,500,000 Shares

  

[GRAPHIC MISSING]

  

Common Stock

  
  
  
  
  

PROSPECTUS SUPPLEMENT

  
  
  
  
  

BofA Merrill Lynch
KeyBanc Capital Markets
Morgan Keegan
PNC Capital Markets LLC
RBC Capital Markets
Baird
Keefe, Bruyette & Woods

  
  
  
  
  

November 3, 2011