Form 10-K
Table of Contents

UNITED STATES SECURITIES AND EXCHANGE COMMISSION

Washington, D.C. 20549

 

 

 

Form 10-K

 

 

 

(Mark One)

[X] ANNUAL REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

     For the fiscal year ended December 31, 2007

 

[    ] TRANSITION REPORT PURSUANT TO SECTION 13 OR 15(d) OF THE SECURITIES EXCHANGE ACT OF 1934

 

     For the transition period from                     to                     .

 

Commission file number 0-25317

 

 

 

Invitrogen Corporation

 

(Exact name of registrant as specified in its charter)

 

Delaware   33-0373077

(State or other jurisdiction of

incorporation or organization)

 

(I.R.S. Employer

Identification No.)

1600 Faraday Avenue

Carlsbad, California

(Address of principal executive offices)

 

92008

(Zip Code)

 

 

Registrant’s telephone number, including area code:

760-603-7200

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(b) of the Act:

 

 

Title of each class

 

Name of each exchange on which registered

Common Stock, $0.01 par value   Nasdaq Global Select Market
Preferred Stock Purchase Rights, $0.01 par value   Nasdaq Global Select Market

 

Securities registered pursuant to Section 12(g) of the Act: None

 

 

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is a well-known seasoned issuer, as defined in Rule 405 of the Securities Act. Yes [X] or No [    ]

 

Indicate by check mark if the registrant is not required to file reports pursuant to Section 13 or Section 15(d) of the Act. Yes [    ] or No [X]

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant (1) has filed all reports required to be filed by Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934 during the preceding 12 months (or for such shorter period that the registrant was required to file such reports), and (2) has been subject to such filing requirements for the past 90 days. Yes [X] or No [    ]

 

Indicate by check mark if disclosure of delinquent filers pursuant to Item 405 of Regulation S-K is not contained herein, and will not be contained, to the best of registrant’s knowledge, in definitive proxy or information statements incorporated by reference in Part III of this Form 10-K or any amendment to this Form 10-K. [    ]

 

Indicate by check mark whether the registrant is a large accelerated filer, an accelerated filer, or a non-accelerated filer. See definition of “accelerated filer and large accelerated filer” in Rule 12b-2 of the Exchange Act. (Check One)

 

Large accelerated filer [X]      Accelerated filer [    ]      Non-accelerated filer [    ]      Smaller reporting company [    ]

 

Indicate by checkmark whether the registrant is a shell company (as defined in Rule 12b-2 of the Act). Yes [    ] or No [X]

 

The aggregate market value of the voting and non-voting common equity held by non-affiliates of the registrant as of June 30, 2007 was $3,263,641,935.

 

The number of outstanding shares of the registrant’s common stock as of February 12, 2008 was 46,753,887.

 

 


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INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE

 

Portions of the registrant’s proxy statement to be filed with the SEC pursuant to Regulation 14A in connection with the registrant’s 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders, to be filed subsequent to the date hereof, are incorporated by reference into Part III of this Form 10-K. Such proxy statement will be filed with the SEC not later than 120 days after the conclusion of the registrant’s fiscal year ended December 31, 2007.

 


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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

Annual Report on Form 10-K

for the Fiscal Year Ended December 31, 2007

 

TABLE OF CONTENTS

 

PART I

     

Item 1.

   Business    2

Item 1A.

   Risk Factors    10

Item 1B.

   Unresolved Staff Comments    18

Item 2.

   Properties    18

Item 3.

   Legal Proceedings    19

Item 4.

   Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders    19

PART II

     

Item 5.

  

Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

   20

Item 6.

   Selected Financial Data    22

Item 7.

   Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations    24

Item 7A.

   Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk    42

Item 8.

   Financial Statements and Supplementary Data    43

Item 9.

   Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure    85

Item 9A.

   Controls and Procedures    85

Item 9B.

   Other Information    87

PART III

     

Item 10.

   Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance    88

Item 11.

   Executive Compensation    88

Item 12.

  

Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

   88

Item 13.

   Certain Relationships and Related Transactions, and Director Independence    88

Item 14.

   Principal Accounting Fees and Services    88

PART IV

     

Item 15.

   Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules    89


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FORWARD-LOOKING STATEMENTS

 

Any statements in this Annual Report on Form 10-K about our expectations, beliefs, plans, objectives, prospects, financial condition, assumptions or future events or performance are not historical facts and are forward-looking statements. These statements are often, but not always, made through the use of words or phrases such as “believe,” “anticipate,” “should,” “intend,” “plan,” “will,” “expects,” “estimates,” “projects,” “positioned,” “strategy,” “outlook” and similar expressions. Additionally, statements concerning future matters, such as the development of new products, enhancements of technologies, sales levels and operating results and other statements regarding matters that are not historical are forward-looking statements. Accordingly, these statements involve estimates, assumptions and uncertainties that could cause actual results to differ materially from the results expressed in the statements. Any forward-looking statements are qualified in their entirety by reference to the factors discussed throughout this Form 10-K. The following cautionary statements identify important factors that could cause our actual results to differ materially from those projected in the forward-looking statements made in this Form 10-K. Among the key factors that have an impact on our results of operations are:

 

   

the risks and other factors described under the caption “Risk Factors” under Item 1A of this Form 10-K;

 

   

the integration of acquired businesses into our operations;

 

   

general economic and business conditions;

 

   

industry trends;

 

   

our assumptions about customer acceptance, overall market penetration and competition from providers of alternative products and services;

 

   

our funding requirements; and

 

   

availability, terms and deployment of capital.

 

Because the factors referred to above could cause actual results or outcomes to differ materially from those expressed in any forward-looking statements made by us, you should not place undue reliance on any such forward-looking statements. Further, any forward-looking statement speaks only as of the date on which it is made, and we undertake no obligation to update any forward-looking statement to reflect events or circumstances after the date on which such statement is made or to reflect the occurrence of unanticipated events. New factors emerge from time to time, and their emergence is impossible for us to predict. In addition, we cannot assess the impact of each factor on our business or the extent to which any factor, or combination of factors, may cause actual results to differ materially from those contained in any forward-looking statements.

 

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In this Annual Report on Form 10-K, unless the context requires otherwise, “Invitrogen,” “Company,” “we,” “our,” and “us” means Invitrogen Corporation and its subsidiaries.

 

PART I

 

ITEM 1. Business

 

General Development of Our Business

 

We began operations as a California partnership in 1987 and incorporated in California in 1989. In 1997 we reincorporated as a Delaware corporation. Our principal offices are in Carlsbad, California. Our website is http://www.invitrogen.com. This Annual Report on Form 10-K, our Quarterly Reports on Form 10-Q, our Current Reports on Form 8-K and any amendments thereto are made available without charge on our website.

 

We have made a number of significant acquisitions over the past several years that have expanded our overall size and the breadth of the products we offer, including the 2007 acquisition of Cascade Biologics, Inc. and Genomed GmbH, the 2006 acquisition of Sentigen Holding Corp. and the asset purchase of Xcyte Therapies, Inc. (Xcyte), and the 2005 acquisitions of Dynal Biotech Holding AS (Dynal), BioSource International, Inc. (BioSource), Caltag Laboratories (Caltag) and Zymed Laboratories, Inc. (Zymed). We have also acquired a number of other companies over the past several years. In 2007, we sold the BioReliance Corporation.

 

Financial Information About Our Segments and Geographic Areas

 

We focus our business on two principal business segments, BioDiscovery and Cell Systems. Financial information regarding these segments is included in the notes to our consolidated financial statements, which begin on page 44.

 

Financial information about our revenues from and assets located in foreign countries is also included in the notes to our consolidated financial statements.

 

Description of Our Business

 

Company Overview

 

We are a leading developer, manufacturer and marketer of research tools in reagent, kit and high-throughput applications forms to customers engaged in life sciences research, drug discovery, diagnostics and the commercial manufacture of biological products. Additionally, we are a leading supplier of sera, cell and tissue culture media and reagents used in life sciences research, as well as in processes to grow cells in the laboratory and produce pharmaceuticals and other highly valued proteins.

 

Our research tools and reagents simplify and improve gene cloning, gene expression and gene analysis techniques. These techniques are used to study how a gene or cell is regulated by its genetic mechanisms, known as functional genomics, and to search for drugs that can treat diseases. In addition, we have a portfolio of products for proteomics applications, providing tools to help researchers understand the function of proteins, their roles in biological pathways, and importance in diseases such as cancer. Our leading products include gel-based separations technologies, antibodies, and transfection agents. Our goal is to provide tools, which allow researchers to perform this complex biological research more accurately, efficiently and with greater reproducibility compared to conventional research methods. Our scientific know-how is making biodiscovery research techniques more effective and efficient to pharmaceutical, biotechnology, agricultural, government and academic researchers with backgrounds in a wide range of scientific disciplines.

 

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We offer many different products and services, and are continually developing and/or acquiring others. Some of our specific product categories include the following:

 

   

“High-throughput” gene cloning and expression technology, which allows customers to clone and expression-test genes on an industrial scale.

   

Pre-cast electrophoresis products, which improve the speed, reliability and convenience of separating nucleic acids and proteins.

   

Antibodies, which allow researchers to capture and label proteins, visualize their location through use of Molecular Probes dyes and discern their role in disease.

   

Magnetic beads, which are used in a variety of settings, such as attachment of molecular labels, nucleic acid purification, and organ and bone marrow tissue type testing.

   

Molecular Probes fluorescence-based technologies, which facilitate the labeling of molecules for biological research and drug discovery.

   

Transfection reagents, which are widely used to transfer genetic elements into living cells enabling the study of protein function and gene regulation.

 

Target Markets

 

We divide our target customer base into principally two categories:

 

   

Life science researchers; and

   

Commercial producers of biopharmaceutical and other high valued proteins.

 

While we do not believe that any single customer or small group of customers is material to our business as a whole or to either of our product segments (described below), approximately 20% of our customers in our target markets receive funding for their research, either directly or indirectly from grants from the federal government of the United States.

 

Life Sciences Research

 

The life sciences research market consists of laboratories generally associated with universities, medical research centers, government institutions such as the United States National Institutes of Health (NIH), and other research institutions as well as biotechnology, pharmaceutical, energy, agricultural and chemical companies. Our products and services provide the special biochemical research tools capable of performing precise functions in a given experimental procedure that life science researchers require. We serve two principal disciplines of this market: molecular biology and cellular analysis.

 

The cellular biochemistry research market involves the study of the genetic functioning and biochemical composition of cells as well as their proliferation, differentiation, growth and death. The understanding gained from such study has broad application in the field of developmental biology and is important in the search for drugs or other techniques to combat a wide variety of diseases, such as cancer and viral and bacterial disease, as well as to assist in vaccine design, bioproduction and agriculture. To grow the cells required for research, researchers use our cell or tissue culture media to simulate under laboratory conditions (in-vitro) the environment in which cells live naturally (in-vivo) and to provide the required nutrients.

 

Genomics involves the study of the genetic information systems of living organisms. The genetic material of living organisms consists of molecules of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). DNA contains the information required for the organism’s production of proteins. Proteins have many different functional properties and are a broad class of amino acid based molecules that include, among other things, antibodies, certain hormones and enzymes. Many researchers study the various steps of the organism’s production of proteins and their impact on cellular function. Other researchers are interested in manipulating DNA to modify the production of proteins. Through techniques that are commonly termed “genetic engineering” or “gene-splicing,” a researcher can modify an

 

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organism’s naturally occurring DNA to produce a desired protein not usually formed by the organism, or to produce a naturally formed protein at an increased rate.

 

Our products also serve customers who are engaged in drug discovery or the development of diagnostics for disease identification or for improving the efficacy of drugs to targeted patient groups. Traditional drug discovery using high throughput biochemical and cell-based assays allow pharmaceutical researchers to test targeted medicinal compounds against specific disease pathways to identify the potential compound to interrupt the disease process. By tagging compounds with various reporter technologies, scientists can measure the effectiveness of the compound at the cellular level, which assist the researcher in determination of drug candidates to advance to the next level. High valued protein targets such as kinases are attractive druggable candidates, and Invitrogen is one of the world’s largest suppliers of these products.

 

In addition, Invitrogen’s research tools are important in the development of diagnostics for disease determination as well as identification of patients for more targeted therapy. Our 2005 acquisition of Dynal, together with the purchase of Xcyte’s T-cell expansion technology in 2006, provides a broad platform for diagnostic solutions that diagnostic customers can source from Invitrogen.

 

Commercial Production

 

We serve industries that apply genetic engineering to the commercial production of useful but otherwise rare or difficult to obtain substances, such as proteins, interferons, interleukins, t-PA and monoclonal antibodies. The manufacturers of these materials require larger quantities of the same sera and other cell growth media that we provide in smaller quantities to researchers. Other industries involved in the commercial production of genetically engineered products include the pharmaceutical, food processing and agricultural industries.

 

Our Products

 

We divide our products and services into two broad segments that are closely aligned with our target markets, as follows:

 

   

BioDiscovery (BD). Our BioDiscovery segment includes molecular biology, cell biology and drug discovery product lines. Molecular biology encompasses products from the initial cloning and manipulation of DNA, to examining RNA levels and regulating gene expression in cells, to capturing, separating and analyzing proteins. These include the research tools used in reagent and kit form that simplify and improve gene acquisition, gene cloning, gene expression and gene analysis techniques. This segment also includes a full range of enzymes, nucleic acids, other biochemicals and reagents. These biologics are manufactured to the highest research standards and are matched in a gene specific, validated manner (gene, ORF, RNAi, protein, antibodies, etc.) to ensure researchers the highest purity and scientific relevance for their experimentation. We also offer software through this segment that enables more efficient, accelerated analysis and interpretation of genomic, proteomic and other biomolecular data for application in pharmaceutical, therapeutic and diagnostic development. The acquisitions of Zymed, Caltag, Dynal and Biosource have enhanced our ability to offer new technology and products, such as antibodies and proteins (Zymed, Caltag and BioSource) and magnetic beads used for biological separation (Dynal), which is the first step in almost every biologic investigative or diagnostic process.

 

   

Cell Systems (CS). Our CS segment includes all of our GIBCO cell culture products and services. Products include sera, cell and tissue culture media, reagents used in both life sciences research and in processes to grow cells in the laboratory and to produce biopharmaceuticals and other end products made through cultured cells. CS services include the creation of commercially viable stable cell lines and the optimization of production processes used for the production of therapeutic drugs.

 

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The principal markets for our products include the life sciences research market and the biopharmaceutical production market. The life sciences research market consists of laboratories generally associated with universities, medical research centers, government institutions and other research institutions as well as biotechnology, pharmaceutical, energy, agricultural and chemical companies. Life sciences researchers use our reagents and informatics to perform a broad range of experiments in the laboratory.

 

The biopharmaceutical production market consists of biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies that use sera and media for the production of clinical and commercial quantities of biopharmaceuticals and vaccines. The selection of sera and media generally occurs early in the clinical process and continues through commercialization. Other industries consume sera and media for the commercial production of genetically engineered products including food processing and agricultural industries.

 

We plan to continue to introduce new research products and services, as we believe continued new product development and rapid product introduction is a critical competitive factor in the BioDiscovery and CS markets. We may continue to increase expenditures in sales and marketing, manufacturing and research and development to support increased levels of sales and to augment our long-term competitive position.

 

We principally purchase raw materials and components from third parties and use those ingredients to manufacture products for inventory. We typically ship those products shortly after the receipt of orders. Our oligonucleotide, genomic services, general services, RNAi (gene regulation), and some CS businesses, however, are all made to order, and certain of our products are made for us by third parties. Because we ship shortly after receipt of orders, make products to order or purchase from third parties, we do not have a significant backlog in either of our segments and do not anticipate we will develop a material backlog in the future. Most of our products and services are manufactured or provided from our facilities in Carlsbad and Camarillo, California; Eugene, Oregon; Frederick, Maryland; Grand Island, New York; Madison, Wisconsin; Auckland, New Zealand; Oslo, Norway; and Paisley, Scotland. We also have manufacturing facilities in Japan and Israel.

 

Research and Development

 

We believe that a strong research and product development effort is important to our future growth. We spent $115.8 million, $104.3 million, and $97.8 million on research and development activities in 2007, 2006 and, 2005, respectively. These research and development expenses were primarily directed toward developing innovative new products in areas where we have expertise and have identified substantial market needs, creating solutions for customers in the life sciences research and industrial bioprocessing areas and improving production processes.

 

We conduct research activities in the United States, the United Kingdom, Israel and New Zealand, using our own employees. At December 31, 2007, we had approximately 550 employees principally engaged in research and development. Our scientific staff is augmented by advisory and collaborative relationships with a number of scientists and customers.

 

Our research and development activity is aimed at maintaining a leadership position in providing research tools to the life sciences research market and enhancing our market position as a supplier of products and services used to manufacture genetically engineered pharmaceuticals and other materials.

 

Sales and Marketing

 

In 2007, our E-Business channel attributed 45% of total orders worldwide. We currently market our products directly or through distributors or agents in approximately 70 countries. These independent distributors may also market research products for other companies, including some products that are competitive with our offerings. As of December 31, 2007, we employed approximately 1350 people in our sales and marketing organization.

 

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Our sales strategy has been to employ scientists to work as our sales representatives. We have two types of direct sales personnel: generalists and technical sales specialists. Generalists are typically responsible for total customer account management. They work closely with the technical specialists who have an extensive background in biology or other scientific fields of study and who focus on specific product offerings. A thorough knowledge of biological techniques and an understanding of the research process allow our sales representatives to become advisors, acting in a consultative role with our customers. Our use of technical sales representatives also enables us to identify market needs and new technologies that we can license and develop into new products.

 

Our marketing departments located in the North American, European and Asia-Pacific regions use a variety of media communication vehicles and methods to keep our customers informed of new products and services, as well as enhancements to existing products and services. Among these are internally produced print catalogs, newsletters, magazines, brochures, direct mailers, product inserts, tradeshow posters and sourcebooks as well as web-based newsletters, email, seminars and forums. Our main website includes pages detailing our products and services, along with purchasing, technical and directional information. The technical information includes interactive online tools enabling customers to link to public research databases, download scientific analyses and search for project-specific data. We also advertise in numerous print and web-based publications related to science and industry, and we exhibit and present information at scientific events worldwide.

 

Technology Licensing

 

Some of our existing products are manufactured or sold under the terms of license agreements that require us to pay royalties to the licensor based upon a percentage of the sales of products containing the licensed materials or technology. These licenses also typically impose obligations on us to market the licensed technology. Although we emphasize our own research and development, we believe our ability to in-license new technology from third parties is and will continue to be critical to our ability to offer competitive new products. Our ability to obtain these in-licenses depends in part on our ability to convince inventors that we will be successful in bringing new products incorporating their technology to market. Several significant licenses or exclusivity rights expire at various times during the next 15 years. There are certain risks associated with relying on third-party licensed technologies, including our ability to identify attractive technologies, license them on acceptable terms, meet our obligations under the licenses, renew those licenses should they expire before we retire the related product and the risk that the third party may lose patent protection. These risks are more fully described under the heading “Risk Related to the Development and Manufacture of Products” and “Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property” below.

 

Patents and Proprietary Technologies

 

We consider the protection of our proprietary technologies and products in both of our product segments to be important to the success of our business and rely on a combination of patents and exclusive licenses to protect these technologies and products. We currently own approximately 1,000 patents and have exclusive rights to another 150. Of this amount we control over 600 patents in the United States, and over 550 in other countries. We also have numerous pending patent applications both domestic and internationally. Our success depends, to a significant degree, upon our ability to develop proprietary products and technologies. It is important to our success that we protect the intellectual property associated with these products and technologies. We intend to continue to file patent applications as we develop new products and technologies. Patents provide some degree of, but not complete, protection for our intellectual property.

 

We also rely in part on trade secret, copyright and trademark protection of our intellectual property. We protect our trade secrets by entering into confidentiality agreements with third parties, employees and consultants. It is our policy to require employees and consultants to sign agreements to assign to us their interests in intellectual property arising from their work for us. There are risks related to our reliance on patents, trade secret, copyright and trademark protection laws, which are described in more detail under the heading “Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property” below.

 

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Competition

 

The markets for the products of both of our segments are competitive. There are numerous life science research and bioproduction product suppliers that compete with us which have significant financial, operational, sales and marketing resources, and experience in research and development, although many of these competitors only compete with us in a limited portion of our product line. These and other companies may have developed or could in the future develop new technologies that compete with our products or even render our products obsolete. Additionally, there are numerous scientists making materials themselves instead of using kits. We believe that a company’s competitive position in our markets is determined by product function, product quality, speed of delivery, technical support, price, breadth of product line, and timely product development. Our customers are diverse and may place varying degrees of importance on the competitive attributes listed above. While it is difficult to rank these attributes for all our customers in the aggregate, we believe we are well positioned to compete in each category.

 

Suppliers

 

We buy materials for our products from many suppliers. While there are some raw materials that we obtain from a single supplier, we are not dependent on any one supplier or group of suppliers for our business as a whole, or for either of our BioDiscovery and CS segments. Raw materials, other than raw fetal bovine serum (FBS), are generally available from a number of suppliers.

 

Two of our subsidiaries provide secure collection and processing capacity for raw Australian and U.S.-sourced FBS, and we have long-term supply contracts in place for additional U.S. and South American sourced FBS. However, they may not provide us with a large enough source of FBS to satisfy all of our FBS needs. As a result, we may still acquire raw FBS from various third party suppliers on short-term contracts. None of these suppliers, however, individually or collectively provides a majority of the total FBS we purchase from third parties. In addition, the supply of raw FBS is sometimes limited because serum collection tends to be seasonal. This causes the price of raw FBS to fluctuate. Although there is a well-established market for finished FBS, which is one of our major CS products, the profit margins we achieve on finished FBS have varied significantly in the past because of the fluctuations in the price of raw FBS.

 

Through a combination of the FBS we receive from our third party suppliers, we believe we maintain a quantity of FBS inventory adequate to address reasonable customer service levels while guarding against normal volatility in the supply of FBS available to us from third party suppliers. FBS inventory quantities can fluctuate significantly as we balance varying customer demand for FBS against fluctuating supplies of FBS available to us; however, we believe that we will be able to continue to acquire FBS in quantities sufficient to meet our customers’ current requirements.

 

Government Regulation

 

Certain of our products and services, as well as the manufacturing process of the products, are subject to regulation under various portions of the U.S. Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act. In addition, a number of our manufacturing facilities are subject to periodic inspection by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA), other product-oriented federal agencies and various state and local authorities in the U.S. We believe such facilities are in compliance in all material aspects with the requirements of the FDA’s Quality System Regulation (formerly known as Good Manufacturing Practices), other federal, state and local regulations and other quality standards such as ISO 9001 or ISO 13485. Portions of our business subject to the Federal Food, Drug and Cosmetic Act include certain CS segment products (with respect to their testing, safety, efficacy, marketing, labeling and other matters).

 

Materials used in development and testing activities at several of our facilities are also subject to the Controlled Substances Act, administered by the Drug Enforcement Agency (DEA). Required procedures for control, use and inventory of these materials are in place at these facilities.

 

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We also voluntarily employ Centers for Disease Control/National Institutes of Health, Guidelines for Research Involving Recombinant DNA Molecules, Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories and the hazard classification system recommendations for handling bacterial and viral agents, with capabilities through biosafety level three.

 

In addition to the foregoing, we are subject to other federal, state and local laws and ordinances applicable to our business, including environmental protection and radiation protection laws and regulations, the Occupational Safety and Health Act; the Toxic Substances Control Act; national restrictions on technology transfer, import, export and customs regulations; statutes and regulations relating to government contracting; and similar laws and regulations in foreign countries. In particular, we are subject to various foreign regulations sometimes restricting the importation or the exportation of animal-derived products such as FBS.

 

Employees

 

As of January 31, 2008, we had approximately 4,300 employees, approximately 1,600 of whom were employed outside the United States. Our success will depend in large part upon our ability to attract and retain employees. In addition, we employ a number of temporary and contract employees. We face competition in this regard from other companies, research and academic institutions, government entities and other organizations.

 

Executive Officers of the Registrant

 

The Board of Directors appoints executive officers of Invitrogen, and the Chief Executive Officer has authority to hire and terminate such officers. Each executive officer holds office until the earlier of his or her death, resignation, removal from office or the appointment of his or her successor. No family relationships exist among any of Invitrogen’s executive officers, directors or persons nominated to serve in those positions. We have listed the ages, positions held and the periods during which our current executive officers have served in those positions below:

 

Gregory T. Lucier (age 43) has served as Chief Executive Officer of Invitrogen and member of its Board of Directors since May 2003. In April 2004 he was appointed Chairman of the Board of Directors. From June 2000 to May 2003, Mr. Lucier was the President and Chief Executive Officer of General Electric (GE) Medical Systems Information Technologies. Mr. Lucier was named a corporate officer of GE in 1999 by that company’s board of directors and served in a variety of leadership roles during his career at GE, including Vice President of Global Services, GE Medical Systems. Mr. Lucier is currently a board member of the Biotechnology Industry Organization (BIO) and serves on BIO policy subcommittees. He is also a board member of the Burnham Research Institute, a director of BIOCOM and is actively involved at San Diego State University as a distinguished lecturer. He received his B.S. in Engineering from Pennsylvania State University and an M.B.A. from Harvard Business School.

 

Claude D. Benchimol, Ph.D. (age 57) has served as Senior Vice President of Research and Development of Invitrogen since September 2003. Prior to Invitrogen, Dr. Benchimol held a variety of technology leadership roles during his more than 15 years at General Electric (GE) Corporation. He was Vice President and General Manager of global technology for GE Medical Systems Information Technologies, serving in that position from January 2002 to August 2003. Prior to GE Dr. Benchimol was employed by Thomson-CGR, a medical imaging company. He served as Manager of Advanced Research Laboratory from 1981 to 1988 and Research Engineer from 1979 to 1980. Dr. Benchimol received an equivalent of an M.S. in Engineering from École Nationale Supérieure des Télécommunications in France, as well as an M.S. and Ph.D. in Systems Science from the University of California, Los Angeles. Dr. Benchimol is also a member of the French Academy of Technology.

 

Nicolas M. Barthelemy (age 42) has served as Senior Vice President of Invitrogen’s Cell Systems Division since January 2006. Mr. Barthelemy served as Senior Vice President of Global Operations from March 2004 to January 2006. Prior to Invitrogen Mr. Barthelemy held several executive positions at Biogen Idec including

 

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Vice President of Manufacturing. Mr. Barthelemy is a recognized operations leader in large scale mammalian cell culture and purification. Mr. Barthelemy received his M.S. in Chemical Engineering from the University of California, Berkeley and the equivalent of an M.S. in Chemistry from École Supérieure de Physiques et Chimie Industrielles (Paris, France) and the equivalent of a B.S. in Mathematics, Physics and Chemistry from Ecole Sainte Geneviève (Versailles, France).

 

Bernd Brust (age 40) has served as Senior Vice President of Global Sales since November 2006. Mr. Brust joined Invitrogen in 2004 and previously served as General Manager and Vice President of European Operations. He has more than 15 years of sales, commercial operations and management experience. Prior to joining Invitrogen he served as General Manager of Sales & Marketing for GE Medical Systems Information Technologies, where he was awarded GE Medical Systems IT Commercial Leader of the Year. Brust holds a degree in Engineering from MTS in Amsterdam.

 

John A. Cottingham (age 53), has served as Senior Vice President, General Counsel and Secretary of Invitrogen since May 2004. He served as Vice President, General Counsel for Invitrogen from September 2000 until May 2004. Prior to the merger of Life Technologies with Invitrogen, Mr. Cottingham was the General Counsel and Assistant Secretary of Life Technologies from January 1996 to September 2000. From May 1988 through December 1995, he served as an international corporate attorney with the Washington, D.C. office of Fulbright and Jaworski L.L.P. Mr. Cottingham received his B.A. in Political Science from Furman University, his J.D. from the University of South Carolina, his LL.M. in Securities Regulation from Georgetown University and his M.S.E.L. from the University of San Diego.

 

Paul Grossman (age 47), serves as the Senior Vice President of Strategy and Corporate Development. Prior to Invitrogen, Dr. Grossman held a variety of leadership roles during his more than 20 years at Applied Biosystems (ABI). Dr. Grossman worked as a research scientist, patent attorney and as Vice President of Intellectual Property and Chief Group Counsel. Most recently, he served as ABI’s Vice President of Strategy and Business Development. Dr. Grossman received B.S. and Ph.D. degrees in Chemical Engineering from the University of California at Berkeley, a M.S. in Chemical Engineering from the University of Virginia, and a J.D. from Santa Clara University School of Law. He has authored numerous scientific publications, was the co-editor of the book Capillary Electrophoresis: Theory and Practice, and holds more than 70 U.S. and foreign patents.

 

David F. Hoffmeister (age 53), has served as Chief Financial Officer, Senior Vice President, Finance at Invitrogen since October 2004. Mr. Hoffmeister held various positions over the course of 20 years with McKinsey & Company, most recently from 1997 to 2004 as a Director serving clients in the healthcare, private equity and specialty chemicals industries. Prior to joining McKinsey, Mr. Hoffmeister held financial positions at GTE and W.R.Grace. Mr. Hoffmeister is currently a board member of Celanese Corporation. Mr. Hoffmeister received his B.S. in Business, from the University of Minnesota and an M.B.A. from the University of Chicago.

 

Peter M. Leddy (age 45), has served as Invitrogen’s Senior Vice President of Human Resources since July 2005. Prior to Invitrogen, Dr. Leddy held several senior management positions with Dell Incorporated from 2000 to 2005 and was most recently, Vice President, Human Resources for Americas Operations. Prior to joining Dell Incorporated, Dr. Leddy served as the Executive Vice President for Human Resources at Promus Hotel Corporation (Doubletree, Embassy Suites). Dr. Leddy also served in a variety of executive and human resource positions at PepsiCo. Dr. Leddy received his B.A. in Psychology from Creighton University and his M.S. and Ph.D. in Industrial/Organizational Psychology from the Illinois Institute of Technology.

 

John “Kip” Miller (age 49) serves as Invitrogen’s Senior Vice President of Biodiscovery. Mr. Miller has a strong background in general management, sales and marketing and extensive experience in Life Science, Research and Diagnostic markets. Prior to joining Invitrogen he was Vice President, General Manager Americas for BD Biosciences in San Diego with responsibility for US, Canada and Latin America. Prior to that he held positions as Vice President, General Manager for BD Biosciences Research Cell Analysis and BD Pharmingen, a division of BD Biosciences. Additionally, Mr. Miller has held a variety of leadership positions in the sales and service organizations for BD and for Leica Inc. Mr. Miller has a BS in Engineering from Michigan State University.

 

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Kelli A. Richard (age 39) serves as Invitrogen’s Vice President, Finance and Chief Accounting Officer. Ms. Richard joined Invitrogen in August 2005 with more than 14 years of accounting and financial reporting experience, previously serving as Vice President, Accounting & Reporting. Prior to joining Invitrogen, Ms. Richard held the position of Principal Accounting Officer at Gateway, Inc. Ms. Richard is a certified public accountant with a Bachelor of Business Administration degree from the University of Iowa.

 

ITEM 1A. Risk Factors

 

You should carefully consider the following risks, together with other matters described in this Annual Report on Form 10-K or incorporated herein by reference in evaluating our business and prospects. If any of the following risks occurs, our business, financial condition or operating results could be harmed. In such case, the trading price of our securities could decline, in some cases significantly. The risks described below are not the only ones we face. Additional risks not presently known to us or that we currently deem immaterial may also impair our business operations. Certain statements in this Form 10-K (including certain of the following factors) constitute forward-looking statements. Please refer to the section entitled “Forward-Looking Statements” on page 1 of this Form 10-K for important limitations on these forward-looking statements.

 

Risks Related to the Growth of Our Business

 

We must continually offer new products and technologies

 

Our success depends in large part on continuous, timely development and introduction of new products that address evolving market requirements and are attractive to customers. For example, if we do not appropriately innovate and invest in new technologies, then our technologies will become dated and our customers could move to new technologies offered by our competitors and we could lose our competitive position in the market.

 

These facts require us to make appropriate investments in the development and identification of new technologies and products. As a result, we are continually looking to develop, license or acquire new technologies and products to further broaden and deepen our already broad product line. If we fail to develop, license or otherwise acquire new technologies, our customers will likely purchase products from our competitors, significantly harming our business. Once we have developed or obtained a new technology, to the extent that we fail to introduce new and innovative products that are accepted by our markets, we may not obtain an adequate return on our research and development, licensing and acquisition investments and could lose market share to our competitors, which would be difficult to regain and could seriously damage our business. Some of the factors affecting market acceptance of our products include:

 

   

availability, quality and price as compared to competitive products;

   

the functionality of new and existing products;

   

the timing of introduction of our products as compared to competitive products;

   

scientists’ and customers’ opinions of the product’s utility and our ability to incorporate their feedback into future products;

   

citation of the products in published research; and

   

general trends in life sciences research and life science informatics software development.

 

Failure to integrate acquired businesses into our operations successfully

 

As part of our strategy to develop and identify new products and technologies, we have made and continue to make acquisitions. Our integration of the operations of acquired businesses requires significant efforts, including the coordination of information technologies, research and development, sales and marketing, operations, manufacturing and finance. These efforts result in additional expenses and divert significant amounts of management’s time from other projects. Our failure to manage successfully and coordinate the growth of the combined company could also have an adverse impact on our business. In addition, there is no guarantee that

 

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some of the businesses we acquire will become profitable or remain so. If our acquisitions do not reach our initial expectations, we may record unexpected impairment charges. Factors that will affect the success of our acquisitions include:

 

   

presence or absence of adequate internal controls and/or significant fraud in the financial systems of acquired companies;

   

any decrease in customer and distributor loyalty and product orders caused by dissatisfaction with the combined companies’ product lines and sales and marketing practices, including price increases;

   

our ability to retain key employees of the acquired company;

   

the ability of the combined company to achieve synergies among its constituent companies, such as increasing sales of the combined company’s products, achieving expected cost savings and effectively combining technologies to develop new products; and

   

disruption in order fulfillment due to integration processes and therefore loss of sales.

 

Risks Related to Our Sales

 

We face significant competition

 

The markets for our products are very competitive and price sensitive. Our competitors, which could include certain of our customers such as large pharmaceutical companies, have significant financial, operational, sales and marketing resources and experience in research and development. Our competitors could develop new technologies that compete with our products or even render our products obsolete. If a competitor develops superior technology or cost-effective alternatives to our kits and other products, our business could be seriously harmed.

 

The markets for certain of our products, such as electrophoresis products, custom primers, amplification products and fetal bovine serum, are also subject to specific competitive risks. These markets are highly price competitive. Our competitors have competed in the past by lowering prices on certain products. If they did so again we may be forced to respond by lowering our prices and thereby reduce our revenues and profits. Failure to anticipate and respond to price competition may hurt our market share.

 

We believe that customers in our markets display a significant amount of loyalty to their initial supplier of a particular product. Therefore, it may be difficult to generate sales to potential customers who have purchased products from competitors. Additionally, there are numerous scientists making materials themselves instead of using kits. To the extent we are unable to be the first to develop and supply new products; customers may buy from our competitors or make materials themselves, causing our competitive position to suffer.

 

There has been a trend toward industry consolidation in our markets for the past several years. We expect this trend toward industry consolidation to continue as companies attempt to strengthen or hold their market positions in an evolving industry and as companies are acquired or are unable to continue operations. We believe that industry consolidation may result in stronger competitors that are better able to compete as sole-source vendors for customers. This could lead to more variability in operating results and could have a material adverse effect on our business.

 

Reduction in research and development budgets and government funding

 

Our customers include researchers at pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic institutions, government laboratories and private foundations. Fluctuations in the research and development budgets of these researchers and their organizations could have a significant effect on the demand for our products. Research and development budgets fluctuate due to changes in available resources, mergers of pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, spending priorities, general economic conditions and institutional and governmental budgetary policies. Our business could be seriously damaged by any significant decrease in life sciences research

 

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and development expenditures by pharmaceutical and biotechnology companies, academic institutions, government laboratories or private foundations. In particular, approximately 20% of our sales have been to researchers whose funding is dependent upon grants from the NIH. Although the level of research funding increased significantly during the years of 1999 through 2003, increases for fiscal 2004 through 2007 were significantly lower. Government funding of research and development is subject to the political process, which is inherently fluid and unpredictable. Other programs, such as homeland security or defense, or general efforts to reduce the federal budget deficit could be viewed by the U.S. government as a higher priority. Past proposals to reduce budget deficits have included reduced NIH and other research and development allocations. Any shift away from the funding of life sciences research and development or delays surrounding the approval of government budget proposals may cause our customers to delay or forego purchases of our products, which could seriously damage our business.

 

Our U.S. customers generally receive funds from approved grants at particular times of the year, as determined by the U.S. federal government. In the past, such grants have been frozen for extended periods or have otherwise become unavailable to various institutions without advance notice. The timing of the receipt of grant funds affects the timing of purchase decisions by our customers and, as a result, can cause fluctuations in our sales and operating results.

 

In recent years, the pharmaceutical industry has undergone consolidation. Additional mergers or corporate consolidations in the pharmaceutical industry could cause us to lose customers, which could have a harmful effect on our business.

 

Changing purchasing arrangements with our customers

 

Certain of our customers have developed purchasing initiatives to reduce the number of vendors from which they purchase in order to lower their supply costs. In some cases these accounts have established agreements with large distributors, which include discounts and the distributors’ direct involvement with the purchasing process. These activities may force us to supply the large distributors with our products at a discount to reach those customers. For similar reasons many larger customers, including the U.S. government, have requested and may in the future request, special pricing arrangements, including blanket purchase agreements. These agreements may limit our pricing flexibility, which could have an adverse impact on our business, financial condition and results of operations. Our pricing flexibility could particularly be affected with respect to our price-sensitive products, such as electrophoresis products, custom oligonucleotides (primers), amplification products and fetal bovine serum. For a limited number of customers we have made sales, at the customer’s request, through third-party online intermediaries, to whom we are required to pay commissions. If such intermediary sales grow, it could have a negative impact on our gross margins.

 

Sales of biological and chemical defense materials

 

Our biodefense initiative depends upon the acceptance of our products by the U.S. government and its defense contractors. We have developed products for use in detecting exposure to biological pathogens and have begun marketing those products to the U.S. government and several defense contractors. If our products do not perform well, or the U.S. government changes its priorities with respect to defense against biological and chemical weapons, our sales growth could be affected. In addition, some third parties could object to our development of biological defense products, which could have a negative impact on our company.

 

Risks Related to the Development and Manufacturing of Our Products

 

Failure to license new technologies

 

We believe our ability to in-license new technologies from third parties is and will continue to be critical to our ability to offer new products and therefore to our business. A significant portion of our current revenues is from products manufactured or sold under licenses from third parties. Our ability to gain access to technologies

 

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that we need for new products and services depends in part on our ability to convince inventors and their agents or assignees that we can successfully commercialize their inventions. We cannot guarantee that we will be able to continue to identify new technologies of interest to our customers, which are developed by others. Even if we are able to identify new technologies of interest, we may not be able to negotiate a license on acceptable terms, or at all.

 

Loss of licensed rights

 

Several of our licenses, such as licenses for biological materials, have finite terms. We may not be able to renew these existing licenses on favorable terms, or at all. Licenses for biological materials such as antibodies are of growing significance to our product offerings. If we lose the rights to a biological material or a patented technology, we may need to stop selling these products and possibly other products, redesign our products or lose a competitive advantage. While some of our licenses are exclusive to us in certain markets, potential competitors could also in-license technologies that we fail to license exclusively and potentially erode our market share for these and other products. Our licenses also typically subject us to various economic and commercialization obligations. If we fail to comply with these obligations we could lose important rights under a license, such as exclusivity. In some cases, we could lose all rights under a license. Loss of such rights could, in some cases, harm our business.

 

In addition, certain rights granted under the license could be lost for reasons outside of our control. For example, the licensor could lose patent protection for a number of reasons, including invalidity of the licensed patent, or a third party could obtain a patent that curtails our freedom to operate under one or more licenses. Changes in patent law could affect the value of the licensed technology. We may receive third-party claims of intellectual property infringement for which we may not be indemnified by the licensor.

 

Violation of government regulations or voluntary quality programs

 

Certain of our products and test services are regulated by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) and comparable agencies in other countries as medical devices, pharmaceuticals, or biologics. As a result we must register with the state and federal FDA as both a medical device and diagnostic manufacturer and a manufacturer of drug products and comply with all required regulations. Failure to comply with these regulations can lead to sanctions by the FDA, such as written observations made following inspections, warning letters, product recalls, fines, product seizures and consent decrees. Test data for use in client submissions with the FDA could be disqualified. If the FDA were to take such actions, the FDA’s sanctions would be available to the public. This publicity could adversely affect our ability to sell these regulated products globally.

 

Additionally, some of our customers use our products and services in the manufacturing process for their drug and medical device products, and such end products are regulated by the FDA under Quality System Regulations (QSR). Although the customer is ultimately responsible for QSR compliance for their products, it is also the customer’s expectation that the materials sold to them will meet QSR requirements. We could lose sales and customers and be exposed to product liability claims, if our products do not meet QSR requirements.

 

ISO is an internationally recognized voluntary quality standard that requires compliance with a variety of quality requirements somewhat similar to the QSR requirements. The operations of our CS segment, our Dynal business unit, our facilities in Carlsbad and Camarillo, California and our Molecular Probes business in Eugene, Oregon are each intended to comply with ISO 9001 or ISO 13485. Failure to comply with this voluntary standard can lead to observations of non-compliance or even suspension of ISO certification by the certifying unit. If we lose ISO certification, this loss could cause some customers to purchase products from other suppliers.

 

If we violate a government mandated or voluntary quality program, we may incur additional expense to come back into compliance with the government mandated or voluntary standards. That expense may be material and we may not have anticipated that expense in our financial forecasts. Our financial results could suffer as a result of these increased expenses.

 

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Fluctuation in the price and supply of raw FBS

 

The supply of raw fetal bovine serum (FBS) is sometimes limited because serum collection tends to be cyclical. Because we must purchase FBS in advance, an unanticipated decline in customer demand for serum could adversely affect our ability to sell the product at competitive prices. In addition, any additional discovery of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, or BSE (popularly referred to as mad cow disease) in the U.S. may cause a decline in the demand for FBS supplied from the United States. These factors can cause the price of raw FBS to fluctuate. The profit margins we achieve on finished FBS, one of our major products, have been unstable in the past because of the fluctuations in the price of raw FBS and any decrease in the price could adversely affect those profit margins. In addition, if we are unable to obtain an adequate supply of FBS, or if we are unable to meet demand for FBS from supplies outside the U.S., we may lose market share.

 

Risks Related to Our Operations

 

Loss of key personnel

 

Our products and services are highly technical in nature. In general, only highly qualified and trained scientists have the necessary skills to develop and market our products and provide our services. In addition, some of our manufacturing positions are highly technical as well. We face intense competition for these professionals from our competitors, customers, marketing partners and other companies throughout our industry. We do not generally enter into employment agreements requiring these employees to continue in our employment for any period of time. Any failure on our part to hire, train and retain a sufficient number of qualified professionals could seriously damage our business. Additionally, integration of acquired companies and businesses can be disruptive, causing key employees of the acquired business to leave. Further, we use stock options, restricted stock and restricted stock units/awards to provide incentive to these individuals to stay with us and to build long-term stockholder value. If our stock price fluctuates below the exercise price of these options or reduces the value of restricted stock and restricted stock units/awards, a key employee’s incentive to stay is lessened. If we were to lose a sufficient number of our key employees and were unable to replace them or satisfy our needs for research and development through outsourcing, these losses could seriously damage our business.

 

Litigation

 

Substantial, complex or extended litigation could cause us to incur large expenditures and distract our management. For example, lawsuits by employees, stockholders, collaborators, distributors, customers, or end-users of our products or services could be very costly and substantially disrupt our business. Disputes from time to time with such companies or individuals are not uncommon and we cannot guarantee that we will prevail or always be able to resolve such disputes out of court or on terms favorable to us. Unexpected results could cause our financial exposure in these matters to exceed stated reserves and insurance, requiring us to allocate additional funds and other resources to address these liabilities.

 

Level of debt

 

We have $350.0 million of senior convertible notes that are due in 2023, $450.0 million of senior convertible notes due in 2024 and $350.0 million of senior convertible notes due in 2025. In addition, the holders of our $350.0 million of senior convertible notes due in 2023 have the option to require us to redeem the notes for cash at par value in August of 2010, 2013 or 2018. The holders of our $450.0 million senior convertible notes have the option to require us to redeem the notes for cash at par value in February of 2012, 2017 or 2022. The holders of our $350.0 million senior convertible notes due in 2025 have the option to require us to redeem the notes for cash at par value in June of 2011, 2015 or 2020. If we are unable to generate sufficient cash flow or otherwise obtain funds necessary to make required payments on these notes, we will be in default under the terms of the loan agreements or indentures, which could, in turn, cause defaults under the remainder of these existing and any future debt obligations.

 

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Even if we are able to meet our debt service obligations, the amount of debt we have could adversely affect us in a number of ways, including by:

 

   

limiting our ability to obtain any necessary financing in the future for working capital, capital expenditures, debt service requirements, or other purposes;

   

limiting our flexibility in planning for, or reacting to, changes in our business;

   

placing us at a competitive disadvantage relative to our competitors who have lower levels of debt;

   

making us more vulnerable to a downturn in our business or the economy generally;

   

subjecting us to the risk of being forced to refinance these amounts when due at higher interest rates; and

   

requiring us to use a substantial portion of our cash to pay principal and interest on our debt, instead of contributing those funds to other purposes such as working capital and capital expenditures.

 

Loss of the tax deduction on our convertible senior notes due in 2023, the convertible senior notes due in 2024 and the convertible senior notes due in 2025

 

We could lose some or all of the tax deduction for interest expense associated with our convertible senior notes due in 2023, the convertible senior notes due in 2024 and the convertible senior notes due in 2025 if, under certain circumstances, the foregoing notes are not subject to the special Treasury Regulations governing contingent payment debt instruments or the exchange of these notes is deemed to be a taxable exchange. We also could lose the tax deduction for interest expense associated with the foregoing notes if we were to invest in non-taxable investments.

 

Increase in interest expense upon the adoption of FSP APB14-a

 

In August of 2007, FASB issued for comment a proposed FASB Staff Position No. APB 14-a, Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments that May be Settled in Cash upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement) (“FSP APB 14-a”) that would significantly impact the accounting for convertible debt. The FSP would require cash settled convertible debt, such as our $1,150 million aggregate principal amount of convertible notes that are currently outstanding, to be separated into debt and equity components at issuance and a value to be assigned to each. The value assigned to the debt component would be the estimated fair value, as of the issuance date, of a similar bond without the conversion feature. The difference between the bond cash proceeds and this estimated fair value would be recorded as a debt discount and amortized to interest expense over the life of the bond. Although FSP APB 14-a would have no impact on our actual past or future cash flows, it would require us to record a significant amount of non-cash interest expense as the debt discount is amortized. As a result, there would be a material adverse impact on our results of operations and earnings per share.

 

Our federal, state and local income tax returns may, from time to time be selected for audit by the taxing authorities which may result in tax assessments or penalties.

 

We are subject to federal, state and local taxes in the U.S and abroad. Significant judgment is required in determining the provision for taxes. Although we believe our tax estimates are reasonable, if the IRS or other taxing authority disagrees with the positions taken by the company on its tax returns, we could have additional tax liability, including interest and penalties. If material, payment of such additional amounts upon final adjudication of any disputes could have a material impact on our results of operations and financial position.

 

Risks Related to Our International Operations

 

International unrest or foreign currency fluctuations

 

Our products are currently marketed in approximately 70 countries throughout the world. Our international revenues, which include revenues from our non-U.S. subsidiaries and export sales from the U.S., represented 45% of our product revenues in 2007, 45% of our product revenues in 2006 and 50% of our product revenues in

 

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2005. We expect that international revenues will continue to account for a significant percentage of our revenues for the foreseeable future. There are a number of risks arising from our international business, including those related to:

 

   

foreign currency exchange rate fluctuations, potentially reducing the U.S. Dollars we receive for sales denominated in foreign currency;

   

the possibility that unfriendly nations or groups could boycott our products;

   

general economic and political conditions in the markets in which we operate;

   

potential increased costs associated with overlapping tax structures;

   

potential trade restrictions and exchange controls;

   

more limited protection for intellectual property rights in some countries;

   

difficulties and costs associated with staffing and managing foreign operations;

   

unexpected changes in regulatory requirements;

   

the difficulties of compliance with a wide variety of foreign laws and regulations;

   

longer accounts receivable cycles in certain foreign countries, whether due to cultural differences, exchange rate fluctuation or other factors;

   

import and export licensing requirements; and

   

changes to our distribution networks.

 

A significant portion of our business is conducted in currencies other than the U.S. dollar, which is our reporting currency. While we have at times attempted to hedge cash flows in these currencies, this program relies in part on forecasts of these cash flows and the expected range of fluctuations. As a result, we cannot guarantee this program will adequately protect our operating results from the full effects of exchange rate fluctuations. We also continually evaluate the costs and benefits of our hedging program and cannot guarantee that we will continue to conduct hedging activities. As a result, fluctuations between the currencies in which we do business have caused and will continue to cause foreign currency transaction gains and losses. We cannot predict the effects of currency exchange rate fluctuations upon our future operating results because of the number of currencies involved, the variability of currency exposures and the volatility of currency exchange rates.

 

Risks Related to Our Intellectual Property

 

Inability to protect our proprietary technology

 

Our success depends to a significant degree upon our ability to develop proprietary products and technologies. When we develop such technologies, we routinely seek patent protection in the United States and abroad to the extent permitted by law. However, we cannot assure you that patents will be granted on any of our patent applications or that the scope of any of our issued patents will be sufficiently broad to offer meaningful protection. We only seek to have patents issued in selected countries. Third parties can make, use and sell products covered by our patents in any country in which we do not have patent protection. In addition, our issued patents or patents we exclusively license could be successfully challenged, invalidated or circumvented so that our patent rights would not create an effective competitive barrier. We provide our customers the right to use our products under label licenses that are for research purposes only. The validity of the restrictions contained in these licenses could be contested and we cannot assure you that we would either be aware of an unauthorized use or be able to enforce the restrictions in a cost-effective manner. Additionally, judicial decisions and legislative changes could have a negative impact on the value of our patents and the effectiveness of our label licenses.

 

If a third party claimed an intellectual property right to technology we use, we might need to discontinue an important product or product line, alter our products and processes, defend our right to use such technology in court or pay license fees. Although we might under these circumstances attempt to obtain a license to such intellectual property, we may not be able to do so on favorable terms, or at all. Additionally, if our products are found to infringe a third party’s intellectual property, we may be required to pay damages for past infringement (which in some cases can be trebled by the court) and lose the ability to sell certain products or receive licensing revenues.

 

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Disclosure of trade secrets

 

We attempt to protect our trade secrets by entering into confidentiality agreements with third parties, our employees and consultants. However, these agreements can be breached and, if they are, there may not be an adequate remedy available to us. If our trade secrets become known, we may lose our competitive position.

 

Intellectual property litigation, changes in patent law and other litigation

 

Litigation regarding patents and other intellectual property rights is extensive in the biotechnology industry. We are aware that patents have been applied for and, in some cases, issued to others claiming technologies that are closely related to ours. We periodically receive notices of potential infringement of patents held by others and we are currently a defendant in at least one court action involving third party intellectual property rights. We may not be able to resolve these types of claims successfully in the future.

 

We have enforced our intellectual property rights through patent litigation in several court actions. We have incurred substantial costs and are currently incurring costs, in enforcing our intellectual property rights. In the event of additional intellectual property disputes, we may be involved in further litigation. In addition to court actions, patent litigation could involve proceedings before the U.S. Patent and Trademark Office or the International Trade Commission. Intellectual property litigation can be extremely expensive and such expense, as well as the consequences should we not prevail, could seriously harm our business.

 

The value of our intellectual property portfolio could also be negatively affected by decisions in third-party litigation and by congressional patent law reform.

 

Risks Related to Environmental and Product Liability Issues

 

Risks related to handling of hazardous materials and other regulations governing environmental safety

 

Our operations are subject to complex and stringent environmental, health, safety and other governmental laws and regulations that both public officials and private individuals may seek to enforce. Our activities that are subject to these regulations include, among other things, our use of hazardous and radioactive materials and the generation, transportation and storage of waste. While we believe we are in material compliance with these laws and regulations, we could discover that we or an acquired business is not in material compliance. Existing laws and regulations may also be revised or reinterpreted, or new laws and regulations may become applicable to us, whether retroactively or prospectively, that may have a negative effect on our business and results of operations. It is also impossible to eliminate completely the risk of accidental environmental contamination or injury to individuals. In such an event, we could be liable for any damages that result, which could adversely affect our business. Additionally, although unlikely, a natural disaster or other catastrophic incident could partially or completely shut down our research and manufacturing facilities and operations.

 

Furthermore, in acquiring Dexter in 2000, we assumed certain of Dexter’s environmental liabilities, including clean-up of several hazardous waste sites listed on the National Priority List under federal Superfund law. Unexpected results related to the investigation and clean-up of these sites could cause our financial exposure in these matters to exceed stated reserves and insurance, requiring us to allocate additional funds and other resources to address our environmental liabilities, which could cause a material adverse effect on our business.

 

Potential product liability claims

 

We face a potential risk of liability claims based on our products or services. We carry product liability insurance coverage, which is limited in scope and amount. We cannot assure you, however, that we will be able to maintain this insurance at a reasonable cost and on reasonable terms. We also cannot assure you that this insurance will be adequate to protect us against a product liability claim, should one arise.

 

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Some of our services include the manufacture of biologic products to be tested in human clinical trials. We could be held liable for errors and omissions in connection with these services. In addition, we formulate, test and manufacture products intended for use by the public. These activities could expose us to risk of liability for personal injury or death to persons using such products. We seek to reduce our potential liability through measures such as contractual indemnification provisions with clients (the scope of which may vary from client-to-client and the performances of which are not secured), insurance maintained by clients and conducting certain of these businesses through subsidiaries. Nonetheless, we could be materially and adversely affected if we were required to pay damages or incur defense costs in connection with a claim that is outside the scope of the indemnification agreements, if the indemnity, although applicable, is not performed in accordance with its terms or if our liability exceeds the amount of applicable insurance or indemnity. In addition, we could be held liable for errors and omissions in connection with the services we perform. We currently maintain product liability and errors and omissions insurance with respect to these risks. There can be no assurance that our insurance coverage will be adequate or that insurance coverage will continue to be available on terms acceptable to us.

 

Risks Related to the Market for Our Securities

 

Operating results and the market price of our stock and convertible notes could be volatile

 

Our operating results and stock price have in the past been and will continue to be, subject to fluctuations as a result of a number of factors, including those listed in this section of this Annual Report and those we have failed to foresee. Our stock price and the price of our convertible notes could also be affected by any inability to meet analysts’ expectations, general fluctuations in the stock market or the stocks of companies in our industry or those of our customers. Such volatility has had a significant effect on the market prices of many companies’ securities for reasons unrelated to their operating performance and has in the past led to securities class action litigation. Securities litigation against us could result in substantial costs and a diversion of our management’s attention and resources, which could have an adverse effect on our business.

 

ITEM 1B. Unresolved Staff Comments

 

Not applicable.

 

ITEM 2. Properties

 

We own or lease approximately 1,600,000 square feet of property being used in current operations at the following principal locations within the United States, each of which contains office, manufacturing, storage and/or laboratory or office facilities used by our BioDiscovery and Cell Systems (CS) segments, as noted:

 

   

Carlsbad, California (owned (land only) and leased)—used by BioDiscovery segment

   

Frederick, Maryland (owned and leased)—used by BioDiscovery and CS segments

   

Grand Island, New York (owned and leased)—used by CS segment

   

Madison, Wisconsin (owned and leased)—used by BioDiscovery segment

   

Brown Deer, Wisconsin (leased)—used by BioDiscovery segment

   

Eugene, Oregon (owned and leased)—used by BioDiscovery segment

   

Branford, Connecticut (leased)—used by BioDiscovery segment

   

Camarillo, California (leased)—used by BioDiscovery segment

 

In addition, we own or lease approximately 600,000 square feet of property at locations outside the United States including these principal locations, each of which also contains office, manufacturing, storage and/or laboratory or office facilities:

 

   

Glasgow area, principally Paisley, Scotland (owned and leased)—used by BioDiscovery and CS segments

   

Oslo, Norway (owned (land only) and leased)—used by BioDiscovery segment

 

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Auckland and Christchurch, New Zealand (owned and leased)—used by BioDiscovery and CS segments

   

Shanghai and Beijing, China (leased)—used by BioDiscovery segment

   

Newcastle, Australia (owned and leased)—used by CS segment

 

In addition to the principal properties listed, we lease other properties in locations throughout the world, including India, Japan, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore, Australia, Argentina, Brazil, Canada, Israel, Belgium, Denmark, France, Germany, Italy, the Netherlands and Spain. Many of our plants have been constructed, renovated, or expanded during the past ten years. We are currently using substantially all of our finished space, with some space available for expansion at some of our locations. We consider the facilities to be in a condition suitable for their current uses. Because of anticipated growth in the business and due to the increasing requirements of customers or regulatory agencies, we may need to acquire additional space or upgrade and enhance existing space during the next five years. We believe that adequate facilities will be available upon the conclusion of our leases.

 

We also have leases in Bethesda and Rockville, Maryland; Worcester, Massachusetts; South San Francisco, California; and Auckland, New Zealand; which are subleased or are being offered for sublease. These properties are not used in current operations and therefore are not included in the discussion above.

 

Additional information regarding our properties is contained in Notes 1 and 6 to the consolidated financial statements included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K.

 

ITEM 3. Legal Proceedings

 

We are subject to potential liabilities under government regulations and various claims and legal actions that are pending or may be asserted. These matters have arisen in the ordinary course and conduct of our business, as well as through acquisitions . Some are expected to be covered, at least partly, by insurance. Estimated amounts for claims that are probable and can be reasonably estimated are reflected as liabilities in the consolidated financial statements. The ultimate resolution of these matters is subject to many uncertainties. It is reasonably possible that some of the matters that are pending or may be asserted could be decided unfavorably to us. Although the amount of liability at December 31, 2007 with respect to these matters cannot be ascertained, we believe that any resulting liability should not materially affect our consolidated financial statements.

 

ITEM 4. Submission of Matters to a Vote of Security Holders

 

No matter was submitted to a vote of security holders during the fourth quarter of 2007. Our annual meeting of stockholders will be held in Carlsbad, California on April 30, 2008. Matters to be voted on will be included in our proxy statement to be filed with the SEC and distributed to our stockholders prior to the meeting.

 

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PART II

 

ITEM 5. Market for Registrant’s Common Equity, Related Stockholder Matters and Issuer Purchases of Equity Securities

 

Stock Prices

 

Our common stock trades on The Nasdaq Global Select Market® under the symbol “IVGN.” The table below provides the high and low sales prices of our common stock for the periods indicated, as reported by The Nasdaq Global Select Market.

 

     High    Low

Year ended December 31, 2007

     

Fourth quarter

   $ 98.43    $ 81.96

Third quarter

     83.27      71.06

Second quarter

     74.51      63.99

First quarter

     67.26      56.50

Year ended December 31, 2006

     

Fourth quarter

   $ 57.13    $ 56.47

Third quarter

     64.00      63.07

Second quarter

     66.41      65.43

First quarter

     71.11      69.90

 

On February 11, 2008, the last reported sale price of our common stock was $86.29. As of February 11, 2008, there were approximately 1,139 stockholders of record of our common stock.

 

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Price Performance Graph

 

Set forth below is a graph comparing the total return on an indexed basis of a $100 investment in the Company’s common stock, the Nasdaq Composite® (US) Index and the Nasdaq Pharmaceutical Index. The measurement points utilized in the graph consist of the last trading day in each calendar year, which closely approximates the last day of the respective fiscal year of the Company. The historical stock performance presented below is not intended to and may not be indicative of future stock performance.

 

LOGO

 

Dividends

 

We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock and currently do not anticipate paying such cash dividends. We currently anticipate that we will retain all of our future earnings for use in the development and expansion of our business and for general corporate purposes. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon our results of operations, financial condition, tax laws and other factors as the Board of Directors, in its discretion, deems relevant. Additionally, in connection with a loan facility entered into in January 2006 with Bank of America, we agreed to certain financial covenants that may, in certain circumstances, restrict our ability to pay dividends.

 

Securities Purchased Under Invitrogen Stock Repurchase Program

 

In August 2006, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a $500 million share repurchase program of the Company’s common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2007, under this plan the Company repurchased 2.2 million shares at a total cost of approximately $150.0 million. The cost of repurchased shares are included in treasury stock and reported as a reduction in stockholders’ equity. As of December 31, 2007, management has completed stock repurchases under the $500 million authorization.

 

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In July 2007, the Board approved a program authorizing management to repurchase up to $500 million of common stock over the next three years. Under this plan, the Company repurchased 1.5 million shares at a total cost of approximately $135.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2007. The cost of repurchased shares are included in treasury stock and reported as a reduction in stockholders’ equity.

 

The following table represents stock purchases during the fourth quarter:

 

Period

   (a)
Total Number
of Shares

(or Units)
purchased
   (b)
Average Price
Paid per
Share
   (c)
Total Dollar
of Shares
(or Units)
Purchased as
Part of Publicly
Announced
Plans or
Programs
   (d)
Maximum Number
(or Approximate
Dollar Value) of
Shares (or Units)
that May Yet Be
Purchased Under
the Plans or
Programs

October 1—October 31

      $    $    $ 465,015,047

November 1—November 30

   707,803      91.83      64,999,809      400,015,238

December 1—December 31

   364,426      96.04      35,000,127      365,015,111
                         

Total

   1,072,229      $93.26    $ 99,999,936    $ 365,015,111
                         

 

ITEM 6. Selected Financial Data

 

The following selected data should be read in conjunction with our financial statements located elsewhere in this Annual Report on Form 10-K and “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

 

FIVE YEAR SELECTED FINANCIAL DATA

 

(in thousands, except per share data)    2007(1)    2006(1,2)     2005(1,3)    2004(1)    2003(1,4)

Revenues

   $ 1,281,747    $ 1,151,175     $ 1,079,137    $ 911,558    $ 777,738

Gross profit

     715,887      608,331       549,535      464,207      469,349

Net income from continuing operations

     130,279      75,759       121,485      80,987      60,130

Net income (loss) from discontinued operations

     12,911      (266,808 )     10,561      7,838     

Net income (loss)

     143,190      (191,049 )     132,046      88,825      60,130

Earnings from continuing operations per common share:

             

Basic

   $ 2.79    $ 1.47     $ 2.33    $ 1.57    $ 1.19

Diluted

   $ 2.69    $ 1.44     $ 2.15    $ 1.50    $ 1.17

Earnings (loss) from discontinued operations per common share:

             

Basic

   $ 0.28    $ (5.19 )   $ 0.20    $ 0.15    $

Diluted

   $ 0.26    $ (5.04 )   $ 0.18    $ 0.13    $

Net income (loss) per share:

             

Basic

   $ 3.07    $ (3.72 )   $ 2.53    $ 1.72    $ 1.19

Diluted

   $ 2.95    $ (3.60 )   $ 2.33    $ 1.63    $ 1.17

Current assets

   $ 1,090,484    $ 740,604     $ 1,079,234    $ 1,265,104    $ 1,287,344

Noncurrent assets

     2,239,263      2,179,696       2,241,376      1,794,370      1,878,345

Current liabilities (including convertible debt)

     234,413      228,086       468,148      168,791      125,693

Noncurrent liabilities (including convertible debt)

     1,327,381      1,296,191       1,310,941      1,476,523      1,233,149

Total stockholders’ equity

     1,765,447      1,630,427       2,041,790      1,913,251      1,806,847

 

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(1) During 2007, 2006, 2005, 2004 and 2003, the Company completed acquisitions that were not material and their results of operations have been included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements from their respective dates of acquisition. See Note 2 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
(2) In 2006, the FASB issued Financial Accounting Standard 123 revised “Share Based Payments” in which share based payment is included in the results of operations and impacts the net income as reported. This adoption affects comparability between the Selected Financial Data. See Note 1 in the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.
(3) 2005 includes the results of operations of Dynal Biotech Holding as of April 1, 2005, the date of acquisition, which affects the comparability of the Selected Financial Data.
(4) 2003 includes the results of operations of the PanVera business and Molecular Probes, Inc. as of March 28, 2003 and August 20, 2003, the respective dates of acquisitions, which affect the comparability of the Selected Financial Data.

 

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ITEM 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations

 

OVERVIEW

 

We are a leading developer, manufacturer and marketer of research tools in reagent, kit and high throughput application forms to customers engaged in life sciences research, drug discovery, diagnostics and the commercial manufacture of biological products. Additionally we are a leading supplier of sera, cell and tissue culture media and reagents used in life sciences research, as well as in processes to grow cells in the laboratory and produce pharmaceuticals and other high valued proteins.

 

We conduct our business through two principal segments:

 

Ø BioDiscovery. Our BioDiscovery segment includes molecular biology, cell biology and drug discovery product lines. Molecular biology encompasses products from the initial cloning and manipulation of DNA, to examining RNA levels and regulating gene expression in cells, to capturing, separating and analyzing proteins. These include the research tools used in reagent and kit form that simplify and improve gene acquisition, gene cloning, gene expression and gene analysis techniques. This segment also includes a full range of enzymes, nucleic acids, other biochemicals and reagents. These biologics are manufactured to the highest research standards and are matched in a gene specific, validated manner (gene, ORF, RNAi, protein, antibodies, etc.) to ensure researchers the highest purity and scientific relevance for their experimentation. We also offer software through this segment that enables more efficient, accelerated analysis and interpretation of genomic, proteomic and other biomolecular data for application in pharmaceutical, therapeutic and diagnostic development. The acquisitions of Zymed, Caltag, Dynal and Biosource have enhanced our ability to offer new technology and products, such as antibodies and proteins (Zymed, Caltag and BioSource) and magnetic beads used for biological separation (Dynal), which is the first step in almost every biologic investigative or diagnostic process.

 

Ø Cell Systems (CS). Our CS segment includes all of our GIBCO cell culture products and services. Products include sera, cell and tissue culture media, reagents used in both life sciences research and in processes to grow cells in the laboratory and to produce biopharmaceuticals and other end products made through cultured cells. CS services include the creation of commercially viable stable cell lines and the optimization of production processes used for the production of therapeutic drugs.

 

The principal markets for our products include the life sciences research market and the biopharmaceutical production market. The life sciences research market consists of laboratories generally associated with universities, medical research centers, government institutions and other research institutions as well as biotechnology, pharmaceutical, energy, agricultural and chemical companies. Life sciences researchers use our reagents and informatics to perform a broad range of experiments in the laboratory.

 

The biopharmaceutical production market consists of biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies that use sera and media for the production of clinical and commercial quantities of biopharmaceuticals. The selection of sera and media generally occurs early in the clinical process and continues through commercialization. Other industries consume sera and media for the commercial production of genetically engineered products including food processing and agricultural industries.

 

Our Strategy

 

Our objective is to provide essential life science technologies for disease research, drug discovery and commercial bio-production.

 

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Our strategies to achieve this objective include:

 

Ø New Product Innovation and Development

 

  Ø Developing innovative new products. We place a great emphasis on internally developing new technologies for the life sciences research and biopharmaceutical production markets. Additionally, we are looking to leverage the broad range of our technologies to create unique synergistic technology solutions across our internal and newly acquired research and development centers of excellence. A significant portion of our growth and current revenue base has been created by the application of technology to accelerate the drug discovery process of our customers. We expect to focus new product development on three critical technology areas:

 

  Ø Protein and antibody production, purification and characterization;

 

  Ø Biochemical and cell-based assays; and

 

  Ø Labeling and detection,.

 

  Ø In-licensing technologies. We actively and selectively in-license new technologies, which we modify to create high value kits, many of which address bottlenecks in the research or drug discovery laboratories. We have a dedicated group of individuals that is focused on in-licensing technologies from academic and government institutions, as well as biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies.

 

  Ø Acquisitions. We actively and selectively seek to acquire and integrate companies with complementary products and technologies, trusted brand names, strong market positions and strong intellectual property positions. We have acquired numerous companies since we became a public company in 1999. On April 1, 2005, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of Dynal Biotech Holding AS, a privately held corporation based in Oslo, Norway for cash of $402.6 million. Dynal is the industry leader in magnetic bead technologies that are used in cell separation and purification, cell stimulation, protein research, nucleic acid research and microbiology. The results of operations of Dynal are included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements in the BioDiscovery segment from the date of acquisition. Additionally we have entered into other immaterial acquisitions which are further discussed in the notes to the consolidated financial statements.

 

  Ø Divestitures. In April 2007, Invitrogen completed the sale of its BioReliance subsidiary to Avista Capital Partners and received net cash proceeds of approximately $209.0 million. No loss on the sale was recorded in 2007. The results of operations for BioReliance for the period from January through April 2007 and the results for all prior periods are reported as discontinued operations. The Company finalized the sale of BioSource Europe, S.A., a diagnostic business located in Belgium, in April of, 2007, to a private investor group in Belgium for proceeds of $5.5 million. Net proceeds from both acquisitions less cash spent as part of the disposal process were $209.9 million.

 

Ø Leverage Existing Sales, Distribution and Manufacturing Infrastructure

 

  Ø Multi-national sales footprint. We have developed a sales and distribution network with sales in approximately 70 countries throughout the world. Our sales force is highly trained, with many of our sales people possessing degrees in molecular biology, biochemistry or related fields. We believe our sales force has a proven track record for selling and distributing our products and we expect to leverage this capacity to increase sales of our existing, newly developed and acquired products.

 

  Ø High degree of customer satisfaction. Our sales, marketing, customer service and technical support staff work well together to provide our customers exceptional service for our products and we have been highly rated in customer satisfaction surveys. We use this strength to attract new customers and maintain existing customers.

 

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  Ø Rapid product delivery. We have the ability to ship typical orders on a same-day or next-day basis. We use this ability to provide convenient service to our customers to generate additional sales.

 

Our BioDiscovery and CS products are used for research purposes and their use by our customers generally is not regulated by the United States Food and Drug Administration, or FDA, or by any comparable international organization, with several limited exceptions. Some of our CS and antibody products and manufacturing sites are subject to FDA regulation and oversight and are required to comply with the Quality System Regulations described in 21 CFR part 820. Additionally, some of these same sites and products are intended to comply with certain voluntary quality programs such as ISO 9001 and ISO 13458.

 

We conduct research activities in the United States, the United Kingdom, Israel and New Zealand and business development activities around the world. As part of these activities we actively seek to license intellectual property from academic, government and commercial institutions.

 

We manufacture the majority of our products in our manufacturing facilities located in Carlsbad and Camarillo, California; Eugene, Oregon; Frederick, Maryland; Grand Island, New York; Madison, Wisconsin; Auckland, New Zealand; Oslo, Norway; and Paisley, Scotland. We also have manufacturing facilities in Japan and Israel. In addition, we purchase products from third-party manufacturers for resale.

 

Except for our oligonucleotide (custom primers), genomic services, biologics testing, specialized manufacturing and cell culture production businesses, which are make-to-order businesses, we principally manufacture products for inventory and ship products shortly after the receipt of orders and anticipate that we will continue to do so in the future. We do not currently have a significant backlog and do not anticipate we will develop a material backlog in the future. In addition, we rely on third-party manufacturers to supply many of our raw materials, product components and in some cases, entire products.

 

We conduct our operations through subsidiaries in the Americas, Europe and Asia-Pacific. Each subsidiary records its income and expenses using the functional currency of the country in which the subsidiary resides. To consolidate the income and expenses of all of our subsidiaries, we translate each subsidiary’s results into U.S. dollars using average exchange rates during the period. Changes in currency exchange rates have affected and will continue to affect our consolidated revenues, revenue growth rates, gross margins and net income. In addition, many of our subsidiaries conduct a portion of their business in currencies other than the subsidiary’s functional currency, which can result in foreign currency transaction gains or losses. Exchange gains and losses arising from transactions denominated in these currencies are recorded in the Consolidated Statements of Income using the actual exchange rate differences on the date of the transaction.

 

We anticipate that our results of operations may fluctuate on a quarterly and annual basis and will be difficult to predict. The timing and degree of fluctuation will depend upon several factors, including those discussed under “Risk Factors Related to Our Operations.”

 

RESULTS OF OPERATIONS

 

Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2007 and 2006

 

(in millions)    2007     2006     $ Increase/
(Decrease)
   % Increase/
(Decrease)
 

BioDiscovery revenues

   $ 902.2     $ 814.7     $ 87.5    11 %

Cell Systems revenues

     379.5       336.5       43.0    13 %
                         

Total revenues

   $ 1,281.7     $ 1,151.2     $ 130.5    11 %
                         

BioDiscovery gross margin

     70 %     68 %     

Cell Systems gross margin

     50 %     52 %     

Total gross margin

     56 %     53 %     

 

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Revenues

 

Revenues increased $130.5 million or 11% for 2007 compared to 2006. The increase was primarily a result of $59.7 million of increased volume and new product revenue, $40.6 million in foreign currency translation, and $29.8 million of price increases.

 

Changes in the value of certain currencies, including the Japanese yen, the British pound sterling, the euro and the Norwegian kroner, can significantly increase or decrease our reported revenue on sales made in these currencies and could result in a material positive or negative impact on our reported results. In addition to currency exchange rates, we expect that future revenues will be affected by, among other things, new product introductions, competitive conditions, customer research budgets, government research funding, the rate of expansion of our customer base, price increases, product discontinuations and acquisitions or dispositions of businesses or product lines.

 

BioDiscovery (BD). BioDiscovery revenues increased $87.5 million or 11% for 2007 compared to 2006. The increase was primarily driven by $29.4 million in increased volume and new product revenue, $28.6 million in increased prices and a favorable impact of $28.9 million in foreign currency translation.

 

Cell Systems (CS). CS revenues increased $43.0 million or 13% for 2007 compared to 2006. The increase was primarily a result of increased volume and new product revenue of $30.3 million along with favorable impact of $11.7 million in foreign currency translation.

 

Sales of cell culture products for large-scale production applications can vary significantly due to customer demand. In addition, cell culture revenues include sales of sera products whose price has historically been volatile. As a result, cell culture revenue growth rates can vary significantly.

 

Gross Profit

 

Gross profit increased $107.6 million or 18% for 2007 compared to 2006. Gross profit for 2007 and 2006 included approximately $0.5 million and $4.4 million, respectively, of costs associated with the write-up of acquired inventory to fair market value as a result of a business combination. In accordance with purchase accounting rules, this acquired inventory was written-up to fair market value and subsequently expensed as the inventory was sold. Amortization expense related to purchased intangible assets acquired in our business combinations was $98.7 million for 2007 compared to $110.7 million for 2006. The $12.0 million decrease was mainly due to intangible assets acquired in prior periods being fully amortized during the year. The primary drivers for the increase in gross margin is related to $47.5 million in pricing and volume increases, $22.1 million in productivity increases and $26.4 million in favorable foreign currency impacts.

 

We believe that gross margin for future periods will be affected by, among other things, the integration of acquired businesses in addition to sales volumes, competitive conditions, royalty payments on licensed technologies, the cost of raw materials, changes in average selling prices, our ability to make productivity improvements and foreign currency rates.

 

BioDiscovery (BD). BioDiscovery gross margin increased 2% to 70% for 2007 compared to 68% in 2006 primarily due to lower operating costs, improved pricing and increased sales volume.

 

Cell Systems (CS). CS gross margin decreased 2% to 50% for 2007 compared to 52% in 2006. Declines in gross margin were primarily the result of higher operating expenses and declines in sera pricing.

 

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Operating Expenses

 

     For the Years Ended December 31,              
     2007     2006              
(in millions)    Operating
Expense
   As a
Percentage
of Segment
Revenues
    Operating
Expense
   As a
Percentage
of Segment
Revenues
    $ Increase
(Decrease)
    % Increase
(Decrease)
 

BioDiscovery Segment:

              

Sales and marketing

   $ 185.1    21 %   $ 172.8    21 %   $ 12.3     7 %

General and administrative

     105.2    12 %     93.2    11 %     12.0     13 %

Research and development

     97.2    11 %     89.7    11 %     7.5     8 %

Cell Systems Segment:

              

Sales and marketing

   $ 60.9    16 %   $ 54.5    16 %   $ 6.4     12 %

General and administrative

     39.2    10 %     30.2    9 %     9.0     30 %

Research and development

     14.5    4 %     10.4    3 %     4.1     39 %

Unallocated:

              

Sales and marketing

   $ 6.0      $ 5.1      $ 0.9    

General and administrative

     19.7        26.7        (7.0 )  

Research and development

     4.1        4.2        (0.1 )  

Consolidated:

              

Sales and marketing

   $ 252.0    20 %   $ 232.4    20 %   $ 19.6     8 %

General and administrative

     164.1    13 %     150.1    13 %     14.0     9 %

Research and development

     115.8    9 %     104.3    9 %     11.5     11 %

 

Sales and Marketing. For 2007, sales and marketing expenses increased $19.6 million or 8% compared to 2006. The increase resulted primarily from increased salaries and bonuses of $13.2 million, $4.5 million of additional purchased services expenses and $6.0 million of foreign currency translation impacts. This was partially offset by a decrease in travel expenses of $3.9 million as well as a decrease in supplies expenses of $1.4 million.

 

General and Administrative. For 2007, general and administrative expenses increased $14.0 million or 9% compared to 2006. The increase resulted primarily from increases salaries and bonuses of $23.1 million, additional depreciation expense of $4.7 million which was driven by increased capital expenditures, $1.6 million in increases of travel expenses and $2.1 million of foreign currency translation impacts. This was partially offset by a decrease of $7.0 in stock based compensation expense, $5.8 million in purchased services expenses, $1.4 million in bad debt expenses and $4.3 million in other expenses.

 

We continue to pursue programs and initiatives to improve our efficiency in the general and administrative area. These programs focus in the areas of process improvement and automation. We expect over time that these actions will result in a decline in our general and administrative expenses as a percent of sales.

 

Research and Development. Research and development expenses for 2007 increased $11.5 million or 11% compared to 2006. The increase resulted primarily from $5.4 million of salaries and bonus expenses, $1.4 million in increased purchase services expenses, $1.4 million in other expenses and $1.5 million in foreign currency translation expenses. The increases were partially offset by a decrease of $0.9 million in supplies expense. Overall, gross research and development expenses increased 11 percent year over year as a result of our continued efforts to drive growth through new product development projects. We expect research and development expenses to remain at this level as a percentage of sales as we continue efforts to drive growth through new product development.

 

Business Consolidation Costs. Business consolidation costs for 2007 were $5.6 million, compared to $12.5 million in 2006, and represent costs associated with our efforts to realign our business and consolidation of certain facilities. These costs consisted mainly of termination benefits of certain employees involuntarily terminated. We expect to continue to incur business consolidation costs in 2008 as we further consolidate operations and facilities.

 

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Other Income (Expense)

 

Interest Income. Interest income was $28.0 million in 2007 compared to $26.7 million in 2006. The $1.3 million increase resulted primarily from an increase in the average yield of our investments in 2007, partially offset by the effect of lower investment balances due to the payoff of the 2006 2 1/4% Convertible Notes and the share repurchase program.

 

Interest income in the future will be affected by changes in short-term interest rates and changes in cash balances, which may materially increase or decrease as a result of acquisitions, stock repurchase programs and other financing activities.

 

Interest Expense. Interest expense was $28.0 million for 2007 compared to $32.2 million for 2006. The primary reason for the $4.2 million reduction in interest expense was the maturity of the 2006 2 1/4% Convertible Notes in the prior year which were not part of the 2007 expense.

 

Other Income (Expense), Net. Other income (expense), net, for 2007 and 2006 was comparable at $0.3 million and $0.5 million, respectively.

 

Provision for Income Taxes. The provision for income taxes as a percentage of our pre-tax income was 27.1% for 2007 compared with 27.2% of our pre-tax income for 2006. The decline in the effective tax rate was primarily attributable to an increase in income earned in jurisdictions having lower tax rates.

 

Comparison of Years Ended December 31, 2006 and 2005

 

(in millions)    2006     2005     $ Increase/
(Decrease)
    % Increase/
(Decrease)
 

BioDiscovery revenues

   $ 814.7     $ 732.0     $ 82.7     11 %

Cell Systems revenues

     336.5       347.1       (10.6 )   (3 %)
                          

Total revenues

   $ 1,151.2     $ 1,079.1     $ 72.1     7 %
                          

BioDiscovery gross margin

     68 %     70 %    

Cell Systems gross margin

     52 %     50 %    

Total gross margin

     53 %     51 %    

 

Revenues

 

Revenues increased $72.1 million or 7% for 2006 compared to 2005. The increase was primarily a result of $61.7 million of increased volume and acquisition related revenue, $28.0 million of price and royalty revenue increases and $2.4 million in foreign currency translation. The increases were partially offset by declines of $21.7 million due to sera products.

 

Changes in the value of certain currencies, including the Japanese yen, the British pound sterling, the euro and the Norwegian kroner, can significantly increase or decrease our reported revenue on sales made in these currencies and could result in a material positive or negative impact on our reported results. In addition to currency exchange rates, we expect that future revenues will be affected by, among other things, new product introductions, competitive conditions, customer research budgets, government research funding, the rate of expansion of our customer base, price increases, product discontinuations and acquisitions or dispositions of businesses or product lines.

 

BioDiscovery (BD). BioDiscovery revenues increased $82.7 million or 11% for 2006 compared to 2005. The increase was primarily driven by $56.9 million in increased volume and acquisition related revenue and $26.0 million in increased prices and higher royalty revenue.

 

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Cell Systems (CS). CS revenues decreased $10.6 million or 3% for 2006 compared to 2005. The decline was primarily a result of $21.7 million of decreased volume and pricing within the sera business, partially offset by $6.9 million of pricing and volume increases in cell culture research.

 

Sales of cell culture products for large-scale production applications can vary significantly due to customer demand. In addition, cell culture revenues include sales of sera products whose price has historically been volatile. As a result, cell culture revenue growth rates can vary significantly.

 

Gross Profit

 

Gross profit increased $58.8 million or 11% for 2006 compared to 2005. Gross profit for 2006 and 2005 included approximately $4.4 million and $30.0 million, respectively, of costs associated with the write-up of acquired inventory to fair market value as a result of a business combination. In accordance with purchase accounting rules, this acquired inventory was written-up to fair market value and subsequently expensed as the inventory was sold. The impact of these inventory revaluations had a neutral impact on our overall gross profit when comparing 2006 to 2005. Amortization expense related to purchased intangible assets acquired in our business combinations was $110.7 million for 2006 compared to $110.4 million for 2005. The $0.3 million increase was mainly due to intangible assets acquired through our acquisitions, partially offset by certain intangible assets being fully amortized during 2006.

 

BioDiscovery (BD). BioDiscovery gross margin decreased 2% to 68% for 2006 compared to 70% in 2005. The decrease is primarily due to lower margin products being sold in connection with acquired companies and collaborations and decreased manufacturing efficiencies.

 

Cell Systems (CS). CS gross margin increased 2% to 52% for 2006 compared to 50% in 2005. Increased pricing in cell culture research was the primary driver for the increase in the margins.

 

Operating Expenses

 

     For the Years Ended December 31,             
     2006     2005             
(in millions)    Operating
Expense
   As a
Percentage
of Segment
Revenues
    Operating
Expense
   As a
Percentage
of Segment
Revenues
    $ Increase
(Decrease)
   % Increase
(Decrease)
 

BioDiscovery Segment:

               

Sales and marketing

   $ 172.8    21 %   $ 150.9    21 %   $ 21.9    15 %

General and administrative

     93.2    11 %     89.3    12 %     3.9    4 %

Research and development

     89.7    11 %     86.5    12 %     3.2    4 %

Cell Systems Segment:

               

Sales and marketing

   $ 54.5    16 %   $ 52.8    15 %   $ 1.7    3 %

General and administrative

     30.2    9 %     28.5    8 %     1.7    6 %

Research and development

     10.4    3 %     10.4    3 %     0.0    0 %

Unallocated:

               

Sales and marketing

   $ 5.1      $ 0.3      $ 4.8   

General and administrative

     26.7        —          26.7   

Research and development

     4.2        0.9        3.3   

Consolidated:

               

Sales and marketing

   $ 232.4    20 %   $ 204.0    19 %   $ 28.4    14 %

General and administrative

     150.1    13 %     117.8    11 %     32.3    27 %

Research and development

     104.3    9 %     97.8    9 %     6.5    7 %

 

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Sales and Marketing. For 2006, sales and marketing expenses increased $28.4 million or 14% compared to 2005. The increase resulted primarily from increased salaries and commissions of $13.8 million, $10.9 million of incremental expenses related to acquisitions, $5.1 million from share-based compensation due to the adoption of SFAS 123R, foreign currency translation of $1.9 million and travel expenses of $3.4 million, partially offset by a $6.4 million reduction in incentive compensation.

 

General and Administrative. For 2006, general and administrative expenses increased $32.3 million or 27% compared to 2005. The increase resulted primarily from $8.0 million of incremental expenses related to acquisitions, increased salaries and other expenses of $5.9 million and $26.6 million from share-based compensation due to the adoption of SFAS 123R, partially offset by a $8.8 million reduction in incentive compensation.

 

Research and Development. Research and development expenses for 2006 increased $6.5 million or 7% compared to 2005. The increase resulted primarily from $8.4 million of incremental expenses related to acquisitions, share-based compensation due to the adoption of SFAS 123R of $3.8 million partially offset by a decrease in incentive compensation of $4.7 million. Overall, research and development expenses as a percentage of revenues was comparable to the prior year.

 

Purchased In-Process Research and Development Costs. In conjunction with our acquisitions in 2005, we purchased in-process research and development projects valued at $17.0 million that were expensed upon their respective acquisition dates. There was no expense related to in-process research and development in 2006.

 

Business Consolidation Costs. Business consolidation costs for 2006 were $12.5 million and represent costs associated with our efforts to realign our business and consolidation of certain facilities. These costs consisted mainly of termination benefits of certain employees involuntarily terminated.

 

Other Income (Expense)

 

Interest Income. Interest income was $26.7 million in 2006 compared to $24.6 million in 2005. The $2.1 million increase resulted primarily from an increase in the average yield of our investments in 2006, partially offset by the effect of lower investment balances.

 

Interest Expense. Interest expense was $32.2 million for 2006 compared to $34.0 million for 2005. The primary reason for the $1.8 million reduction in interest expense was open market repurchases of our 2  1/4% senior convertible notes, which reduced the average balance of our debt in 2006 compared to 2005.

 

Other Income (Expense), Net. Other income (expense), net, for 2006 and 2005, is composed of the following:

 

     For the Years Ended
December 31,
 
(in millions)    2006     2005  

Net periodic pension (expense) income(1)

   $ (0.7 )   $ 0.9  

Gain (loss) on asset disposals

     2.3       (0.1 )

Gain on forward contract(2)

           21.0  

Recognition of cumulative translation gains(3)

           25.5  

Gain on sale of an equity investment

           2.8  

Foreign currency gain on short-term intercompany loan

           2.2  

Net foreign currency exchange (losses) gains

     (1.6 )     0.3  

Other

     0.5       4.9  
                

Total other income, net

   $ 0.5     $ 57.5  
                

 

(1) The net periodic pension income is from a defined benefit plan acquired in the merger with Dexter Corporation in 2000 and is recognized as other non-operating income and expense since the plan provides benefits to participants who were not continuing employees of Invitrogen following the merger.

 

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(2) The gain was recognized in March 2005 on the settlement of a forward contract related to the acquisition of Dynal.
(3) Relates to the repatriation of $119.0 million of undistributed earnings from and substantial liquidation of certain foreign subsidiaries which resulted in the recognition of $25.5 million of cumulative translation gains.

 

Provision for Income Taxes. The provision for income taxes as a percentage of our pre-tax income was 27.2% for 2006 compared with 23.9% of our pre-tax income for 2005. The effective tax rate in 2006 was higher primarily because tax expense in 2005 included the effect of a repatriation of foreign earnings that qualified for the reduced rate of tax as provided in “The American Jobs Creation Act of 2004” (the “AJCA”). The tax incurred in 2005 included a benefit upon the repatriation of those foreign earnings that was lower than the tax liability recorded prior to the enactment of the AJCA.

 

Discontinued Operations.

 

In April 2007, we completed the sale of our BioReliance business unit, a component of the CS reporting unit, to Avista Capital Partners for approximately $210.0 million. In addition, in February 2007, we finalized the sale of BioSource Europe S.A., a diagnostic business in our BioDiscovery reporting unit. These operations were deemed to be discontinued operations and the results from these business divisions have been excluded from our continuing operations financial statements. Discontinued operations results for 2006 were a loss of $266.8 million compared to net income in the prior year of $10.6 million. The change year over year is primarily attributable to goodwill impairment of $270.4 million in 2006 as indicators determined the value of goodwill to be less than the carrying value.

 

LIQUIDITY AND CAPITAL RESOURCES

 

Operating Activities. Operating activities provided net cash of $323.6 million during 2007 primarily from our net income of $143.2 million plus net non-cash charges of $179.4 million. Changes in operating assets and liabilities provided a net increase of $0.9 million in cash during the period. Within the non-cash charges which provided cash, the primary drivers were amortization of intangible assets of $98.7 million, share based compensation of $42.5 million and depreciation charges of $37.4 million. The primary drivers of cash proceeds from changes in operating assets and liabilities were an increase in income taxes payable of $14.6 million, increases in accounts payable and accrued expenses of $20.5 million which were partially offset by increases in inventories of $19.8 million and increases in prepaid and other assets of $11.4 million.

 

As a result of working capital improvement programs, we expect to utilize our working capital more effectively in the future resulting in higher inventory turnover and lower days sales outstanding. Our working capital factors, such as inventory turnover and days sales outstanding, are seasonal and, on an interim basis during the year, may require an influx of short-term working capital.

 

Investing Activities. Net cash provided by investing activities during 2007 was $48.5 million. The primary increase was related to cash proceeds from the sale of our BioReliance and BioSource Europe divisions which increased cash by $209.9 million. This increase in cash was offset by net purchases of securities of $51.8 million, purchases of property plant and equipment of $78.3 million and cash paid for business combinations of $31.3 million.

 

For 2008, we expect spending for capital equipment and information technology to approximate 2007 spending.

 

In 2007, we completed two acquisitions immaterial to our overall consolidated financial statements. The net cash purchase price of acquisitions in 2007 was $31.2 million, of which $23.1 million related to acquisitions completed in 2007. The results of operations were included from the date of acquisition and were not material to our consolidated financial results. See Note 2 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

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In late 2006, we completed an acquisition immaterial to our overall consolidated financial statements. The net cash purchase price of acquisitions in 2006 was $44.0 million, of which $15.1 million was related to the acquisition completed in 2006. The results of operations were included from the date of acquisition and were not material to our consolidated financial results.

 

In April 2005, we acquired all of the outstanding shares of common stock of Dynal for a total cash purchase price of $347.3 million. We also paid cash to extinguish $53.1 million of debt following completion of the acquisition and transaction costs of $2.2 million and acquired cash of $1.1 million. The purchase price was paid from existing cash and investments.

 

In 2005, we completed several other acquisitions that were not material to our overall consolidated financial statements. The aggregate cash purchase price of these acquisitions was $256.5 million and acquired cash totaling $18.1 million. The results of operations were included from the respective dates of acquisition.

 

Pursuant to the purchase agreements for certain prior year and current year acquisitions, we could be required to make additional contingent cash payments based on the achievement of future gross sales of the acquired companies through 2010. The agreements do not limit the payment to a maximum amount. The Company will account for such contingent payments as an addition to the purchase price of the acquired company.

 

Payments aggregating a maximum of $5.0 million based upon certain research and development milestones of the acquired companies could be required through 2008. In 2007, $2.0 million of contingent payments were earned and paid for the achievement of operating results. In 2006, $8.4 million and $21.9 million of contingent payments have been earned and paid, respectively, for research and development milestones; and no contingent payments have been earned or paid for operating results. During the years ended 2007 and 2006, $51.5 million and $35.0 million, respectively, of contingent payments for operating results have expired.

 

Financing Activities. Net cash used in financing activities totaled $143.2 million for 2007 and includes $285.0 million used to repurchase shares of our common stock. These cash outflows were offset by $138.4 million in proceeds from stock issued under employee stock plans and $5.4 million related to excess tax benefits related to share-based payments.

 

On June 20, 2005, we issued 3 1/4% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (the 3 1/4% Notes) to certain qualified institutional investors at par value. Including the exercise of the over-allotment option, the total size of the offering was $350.0 million. After expenses, the net proceeds we received were $343.0 million. Interest is payable on the Notes semi-annually in arrears beginning December 15, 2005. In addition to the coupon interest of 3.25%, additional interest of 0.225% of the market value of the Notes may be required to be paid per six month period beginning June 15, 2011, if the market value of the 3 1/4% Notes during a specified period is 120% or more of the 3 1/4% Notes’ principal value. The 3 1/4% Notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the Company’s option on or after June 15, 2011, at 100% of the principal amount plus any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, the holders of the 3 1/4% Notes may require us to repurchase all or a portion of the 3 1/4% Notes for 100% of the principal amount, plus any accrued and unpaid interest, on June 15, 2011, 2015 and 2020 or upon the occurrence of certain fundamental changes. Prepayment of amounts due under the 3 1/4% Notes will be accelerated in the event of bankruptcy or insolvency and may be accelerated by the trustee or holders of 25% of the 3 1/4% Notes’ principal value upon default of payment of principal or interest when due for over thirty days, our default on its conversion or repurchase obligations, failure of us to comply with any of its other agreements in the 3 1/4% Notes or indenture, or upon cross-default by us or a significant subsidiary for failure to make a payment at maturity or the acceleration of our other debt or a significant subsidiary, in either case exceeding $50.0 million. The terms of the 3 1/4% Notes require us to settle the par value of such 3 1/4% Notes in cash and deliver shares only for the differential between the stock price on the date of conversion and the base conversion price (initially approximately $98.25 per share).

 

On April 27, 2005, we entered into a secured line of credit that provides up to $250.0 million in borrowings at LIBOR plus 0.15%. On April 28, 2005 we borrowed $124.0 million to repurchase $125.0 million of its 2 1/4% convertible subordinated notes due December 15, 2006, for less than par value. A portion of the proceeds from the 3 1/4% Notes was used to pay down the secured line of credit. The secured credit facility was collateralized by investments and expired on September 30, 2005.

 

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On February 19, 2004, we issued $450.0 million in principal amount of 1 1/2% Convertible Senior Notes (Old 1 1/2% Notes) due 2024, to certain qualified institutional buyers. Interest on the Old 1 1/2% Notes is payable semi-annually on February 15th and August 15th. In addition to the coupon interest of 1 1/2%, additional interest of 0.35% of the market value of the Old 1 1/2% Notes may be required to be paid beginning February 15, 2012, if the market value of the Old 1 1/2% Notes during specified testing periods is 120% or more of the principal value. The Old 1 1/2% Notes were issued at 100% of principal value and are convertible into 4.4 million shares of common stock at the option of the holder upon the occurrence of certain events at a price of $102.03 per share. The Old 1 1/2% Notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at our option on or after February 15, 2012, at 100% of the principal amount plus accrued interest. In addition, the holders of the Old 1 1/2% Notes may require us to repurchase all or a portion of the Old 1 1/2% Notes for 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued interest, on February 15, 2012, 2017 and 2022.

 

We have $350.0 million in principal amount of 2% Convertible Senior Notes (Old 2% Notes) due August 1, 2023. Interest on the Old 2% Notes is payable semi-annually on February 1st and August 1st. In addition to the coupon interest of 2%, additional interest of 0.35% of the market value of the Old 2% Notes may be required to be paid beginning August 1, 2010, if the market value of the Old 2% Notes during specified testing periods is 120% or more of the principal value. The Old 2% Notes were issued at 100% of principal value and are convertible into 5.1 million shares of common stock at the option of the holder upon the occurrence of certain events at a price of $68.24 per share. The Old 2% Notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at our option on or after August 1, 2010, at 100% of the principal amount plus accrued interest. In addition, the holders of the Old 2% Notes may require us to repurchase all or a portion of the Old 2% Notes for 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued interest, on August 1, 2010, August 1, 2013 and August 1, 2018.

 

In December 2004, we offered up to $350.0 million in principal amount of 2% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 (the New 2% Notes) in a non-cash exchange for any and all outstanding Old 2% Notes, that were validly tendered on that date. Approximately 83% of the Old 2% Notes were exchanged by their holders for the New 2% Notes. In 2005, we completed the additional exchange of approximately $22.6 million of the Old 2% Notes with their holders for the New 2% Notes. In December 2004, we offered up to $450.0 million in principal amount of 1 1/2% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the New 1 1/2% Notes) in a non-cash exchange for any and all outstanding Old 1 1/2% Notes, that were validly tendered on that date. Approximately 91% of the Old 1 1/2% Notes were exchanged by their holders for the New 1 1/2% Notes. In 2005, we completed the additional exchange of approximately $1.0 million of the Old 1 1/2% Notes with their holders for the New 1 1/2% Notes. The New 2% Notes and New 1 1/2% Notes (collectively the New Notes) carry the same rights and attributes as the Old 2% Notes and Old 1 1/2% Notes (collectively the Old Notes) except for the following; the terms of the New Notes require us to settle the par value of such notes in cash and deliver shares only for the differential between the stock price on the date of conversion and the base conversion price (initially approximately $68.24 for New 2% Notes and $102.03 for the New 1 1/2% Notes).

 

In the event of a change of control of Invitrogen, the holders of the 3 1/4% Notes, Old 1 1/2% Notes, Old 2% Notes, New 2% Notes and the 2 1/4% Notes each have the right to require us to repurchase all or a portion of their notes at a purchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes plus all accrued and unpaid interest.

 

In August 2006, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a $500 million share repurchase program of the Company’s common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2007, under this plan the Company repurchased 2.2 million shares, respectively, at a total cost of approximately $150.0 million. The cost of repurchased shares are included in treasury stock and reported as a reduction in stockholders’ equity. As of December 31, 2007, management had completed stock repurchases up to this $500 million authorization.

 

In July 2007, the Board approved a program authorizing management to repurchase up to $500 million of common stock over the next three years. Under this plan, the Company repurchased 1.5 million shares at a total cost of approximately $135.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2007. The cost of repurchased shares are included in treasury stock and reported as a reduction in stockholders’ equity.

 

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We are continuing to seek additional corporate and technology acquisition opportunities that support our BioDiscovery and Cell Systems platforms. While we cannot predict the timing or size of any future acquisitions, or if any will occur at all, a significant amount of our cash and/or stock may be used to acquire companies, assets or technologies. We could also choose to fund any acquisitions, at least partly, with new debt or stock.

 

As of December 31, 2007, we had cash and cash equivalents of $606.1 million, short-term investments of $60.7 million and long-term investments of $0.7 million. Our working capital was $856.1 million as of December 31, 2007 and includes restricted cash and investments of $4.4 million. Our funds are currently invested in overnight money market accounts, time deposits, commercial paper, demand notes and municipal notes and bonds with maturities of less than three months. As of December 31, 2007, foreign subsidiaries in China, Japan and Norway had available bank lines of credit denominated in local currency to meet short-term working capital requirements. The U.S. dollar equivalent of these facilities totaled $21.4 million, of which $0.9 million was outstanding at December 31, 2007.

 

On January 9, 2006, the Company completed entering into a syndicated $250.0 million senior secured credit facility (the Credit Facility) with Bank of America, N.A. Interest rates on outstanding borrowings are determined by reference to LIBOR or to an alternate base rate, with margins determined based on changes in the Company’s leverage ratio. Under the terms of the Credit Facility, the Company may request that the aggregate amount available be increased by $100.0 million of additional financing, subject to certain conditions having been met, including the availability of additional lender commitments. The Credit Facility contains various representations, warranties and affirmative, negative and financial covenants and conditions of default customary for financings of this type. The Company currently anticipates using the proceeds of the Credit Facility for the purpose of general working capital and capital expenditures and the Credit Facility will terminate and all amounts outstanding under it will be due and payable in full on January 6, 2011. As of December 31, 2007 the available credit is $243.3 million as the Company has issued $6.7 million in letters of credit through the facility. See Note 4 to the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

We expect that our current cash and cash equivalents, short-term and long-term investments, funds from operations and interest income earned thereon will be sufficient to fund our current operations through at least the first quarter of 2009. Our future capital requirements and the adequacy of our available funds will depend on many factors, including future business acquisitions, future stock or note repurchases, scientific progress in our research and development programs and the magnitude of those programs, our ability to establish collaborative and licensing arrangements, the cost involved in preparing, filing, prosecuting, maintaining and enforcing patent claims and competing technological and market developments.

 

CONTRACTUAL OBLIGATIONS

 

The following table summarizes our contractual obligations at December 31, 2007 and the effect such obligations are expected to have on our liquidity and cash flows in future periods.

 

    Payments Due by Period(1)
(in thousands)   Total   Less than
1 Year
  Years
2-3
  Years
4-5
  More than 5
Years
  All Other(2)

Long-term debt

  $ 1,566,612   $ 25,237   $ 50,950   $ 50,250   $ 1,440,175    

Capital lease obligations

    12     12                

Operating lease obligations

    125,475     19,354     28,154     20,705     57,262    

Licensing and purchase obligations

    115,944     33,244     46,578     32,076     4,096    

FIN 48 liability and interest(2)

    28,104     4,388                 23,716

Other obligations

    1,277         98     100     1,079    
                                   

Total

  $ 1,837,424   $ 82,235   $ 125,780   $ 103,131   $ 1,502,612   $ 23,716
                                   

 

(1) Pursuant to one of our 2005 and 2007 acquisitions, we could be required to make additional contingent cash payments based on percentages of future gross sales of the acquired company through 2010. The purchase agreement does not limit the payment to a maximum amount.

 

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(2) As of December 31, 2007, the Company’s unrecognized tax benefits were $28.1 million. We were unable to reasonably estimate the timing of FIN 48 liability and interest payments in individual periods beyond twelve months due to uncertainties in the timing of the effective settlement of tax positions.

 

CRITICAL ACCOUNTING POLICIES

 

Revenue Recognition. We derive our revenue from the sale of our products, services and technology. We recognize revenue from product sales upon transfer of title of the product, which generally occurs upon shipment to the customer. We generally ship to our customers FOB shipping point. If our shipping policies, including the point of title transfer, were to change, materially different reported results would be likely. In cases where customers order and pay for products and request that we store a portion of their order for them at our cost, we record any material up-front payments as deferred revenue in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and recognize revenue upon shipment of the product to the customer. Deferred revenue totaled $10.4 million at December 31, 2007.

 

We recognize royalty revenue (including upfront licensing fees) when the amounts are earned and determinable, which is generally when we receive the cash payment. We are able to recognize minimum required payments on an accrual basis, as they are determinable under contract. However, since we are not able to forecast product sales by licensees, royalty payments that are based on product sales by the licensees are not determinable until the licensee has completed their computation of the royalties due and/or remitted their cash payment to us. Should information on licensee product sales become available so as to enable us to recognize royalty revenue on an accrual basis, materially different revenues and results of operations could occur. Royalty revenue totaled $39.9 million, $26.8 million and $23.5 million for 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

 

In our BioReliance business, we recognized revenue from commercial contracts, which were principally fixed-price or fixed-rate, using the proportional performance method, except for services that were generally completed within three days, which are accounted for using the completed-contract method. Proportional performance was determined using expected output milestones.

 

Revenue recorded under proportional performance for projects in process is designed to approximate the amount of revenue earned based on milestones reached within the scope of the contractual arrangement. We undertake a review of unbilled accounts receivable from customers to determine that such amounts are expected to become billable and collectible in all material respects.

 

We recognize revenue from government contracts, which are principally cost-plus-fixed-fee, in amounts equal to reimbursable costs plus a pro-rata portion of the earned fee. We provide for losses when they become known.

 

Shipping and handling costs are included in costs of sales. Shipping and handling costs charged to customers is recorded as revenue in the period the related product sales revenue is recognized.

 

Use of Estimates. The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. We base these estimates and assumptions upon historical experience and existing, known circumstances. Actual results could differ from those estimates. Specifically, management must make estimates in the following areas:

 

Ø

Allowance for doubtful accounts. We provide a reserve against our receivables for estimated losses that may result from our customers’ inability to pay. We determine the amount of the reserve by analyzing known uncollectible accounts, aged receivables, economic conditions in the customers’ country or industry, historical losses and our customers’ credit-worthiness. Amounts later determined and specifically identified

 

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to be uncollectible are charged or written off against this reserve. To minimize the likelihood of uncollectibility, customers’ credit-worthiness is reviewed periodically based on external credit reporting services and our experience with the account and adjusted accordingly. Should a customer’s account become past due, we generally place a hold on the account and discontinue further shipments to that customer, minimizing further risk of loss. Additionally, our policy is to fully reserve for all accounts with aged balances greater than one year, with certain exceptions determined necessary by management. The likelihood of a material loss on an uncollectible account would be mainly dependent on deterioration in the financial condition of that customer or in the overall economic conditions in a particular country or environment. Reserves are fully provided for all expected or probable losses of this nature. Gross trade accounts receivables totaled $200.3 million and the allowance for doubtful accounts was $8.2 million at December 31, 2007.

 

Ø Inventory adjustments. Inventories are stated at lower of cost or market. We review the components of our inventory on a regular basis for excess, obsolete and impaired inventory based on estimated future usage and sales. In our BioDiscovery segment, generally stock levels in excess of one year’s expectation of usage or sales are fully reserved. In our CS segment, inventories are not as susceptible to obsolesce and we only provide reserves when the materials spoil or become dated. The likelihood of any material inventory write-down is dependent on customer demand, competitive conditions or new product introductions by us or our customers that vary from our current expectations. Gross inventory totaled $218.7 million and the allowance for excess and obsolete and price impairment was $46.0 million at December 31, 2007.

 

Ø Valuation of goodwill. We are required to perform a review for impairment of goodwill in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” (SFAS 142). Goodwill is considered to be impaired if we determine that the carrying value of the reporting unit exceeds its fair value. In addition to the annual review, an interim review is required if an event occurs or circumstances change that would more likely than not reduce the fair value of a reporting unit below its carrying amount. Examples of such events or circumstances include:

 

  Ø a significant adverse change in legal factors or in the business climate;

 

  Ø a significant decline in our stock price or the stock price of comparable companies;

 

  Ø a significant decline in our projected revenue or earnings growth or cash flows;

 

  Ø an adverse action or assessment by a regulator;

 

  Ø unanticipated competition;

 

  Ø a loss of key personnel;

 

  Ø a more-likely-than-not expectation that a reporting unit or a significant portion of a reporting unit will be sold or otherwise disposed of;

 

  Ø the testing for recoverability under Statement 144 of a significant asset group within a reporting unit; and

 

  Ø recognition of a goodwill impairment loss in the financial statements of a subsidiary that is a component of a reporting unit.

 

Assessing the impairment of goodwill requires us to make assumptions and judgments regarding the fair value of the net assets of our reporting units. Additionally, since our reporting units share the majority of our assets, we must make assumptions and estimates in allocating the carrying value as well as the fair value of net assets to each reporting unit.

 

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In accordance with our policy, we completed our most recent annual evaluation for impairment of goodwill as of October 1, 2007 and determined that no goodwill impairment existed. Our evaluation included management estimates of cash flow projections based on an internal strategic review. Key assumptions from this strategic review included revenue growth, with higher net income growth. This growth was based on increased sales of new products as we expect to maintain our investment in research and development, the effect and growth from business acquisitions already consummated and lower selling, general and administrative expenses as a percentage of revenue. Additional value creators assumed included increased efficiencies in working capital as well as increased efficiencies from capital spending. The resulting cash flows were discounted using a weighted average cost of capital of 9%. Operating mechanisms to ensure that these growth and efficiency assumptions will ultimately be realized were also proposed as part of the internal strategic review and considered in our evaluation. Our market capitalization at October 1, 2007 was also compared to the discounted cash flow analysis.

 

We cannot guarantee that when we complete our future annual or other periodic reviews for impairment of goodwill that a material impairment charge will not be recorded. Goodwill totaled $1.53 billion at December 31, 2007.

 

Ø Valuation of intangible and other long-lived assets. We periodically assess the carrying value of intangible and other long-lived assets, which require us to make assumptions and judgments regarding the future cash flows of these assets. The assets are considered to be impaired if we determine that the carrying value may not be recoverable based upon our assessment of the following events or changes in circumstances:

 

  Ø the asset’s ability to continue to generate income from operations and positive cash flow in future periods;

 

  Ø loss of legal ownership or title to the asset;

 

  Ø significant changes in our strategic business objectives and utilization of the asset(s); and

 

  Ø the impact of significant negative industry or economic trends.

 

If the assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment we recognize is the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets. In addition, we base the useful lives and related amortization or depreciation expense on our estimate of the period that the assets will generate revenues or otherwise be used by us. We also periodically review the lives assigned to our intangible assets to ensure that our initial estimates do not exceed any revised estimated periods from which we expect to realize cash flows from the technologies. If a change were to occur in any of the above-mentioned factors or estimates, the likelihood of a material change in our reported results would increase.

 

At December 31, 2007, the net book value of identifiable intangible assets that are subject to amortization totaled $279.0 million, the net book value of unamortized identifiable intangible assets with indefinite lives totaled $7.5 million and the net book value of property, plant and equipment totaled $319.7 million.

 

Ø Accrued merger- and restructuring- related costs. To the extent that exact amounts are not determinable, we have estimated amounts for direct costs of our acquisitions, merger-related expenses and liabilities related to our business combinations and restructurings in accordance with Financial Accounting Standards Board Statement No. 146, “Accounting for Costs Associated with Exit or Disposal Activities”(SFAS 146) and Emerging Issues Task Force Issue 95-3, “Recognition of Liabilities in Connection with a Purchase Business Combination” (EITF 95-3). Our accrued merger and restructuring related costs were $11.2 million at December 31, 2007, the majority of which we expect to pay during 2008. Materially different reported results would be likely if any of the estimated costs or expenses were different from our estimations or if the approach, timing and extent of the restructuring plans adopted by management were different.

 

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Ø Litigation reserves. Estimated amounts for claims that are probable and can be reasonably estimated are recorded as liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. The likelihood of a material change in these estimated reserves would be dependent on new claims as they may arise and the favorable or unfavorable outcome of the particular litigation. Both the amount and range of loss on pending litigation is uncertain. As such, we are unable to make a reasonable estimate of the liability that could result from unfavorable outcomes in litigation. As additional information becomes available, we will assess the potential liability related to our pending litigation and revise our estimates. Such revisions in our estimates of the potential liability could materially impact our results of operations and financial position.

 

Ø Insurance, environmental and divestiture reserves. We maintain self-insurance reserves to cover potential property, casualty and workers’ compensation exposures from current operations and certain former business operations of Dexter, which was acquired in 2000. These reserves are based on actuarially determined loss probabilities and take into account loss history as well as actuarial projections based on industry statistics. We also maintain environmental reserves to cover estimated costs for certain environmental exposures assumed in the merger with Dexter. The environmental reserves, which are not discounted, are determined by management based upon currently available information. Divestiture reserves are maintained for known claims and warranties assumed in the merger with Dexter. The product liability and warranty reserves are based on management estimates that consider historical claims. As actual losses and claims become known to us, we may need to make a material change in our estimated reserves, which could also materially impact our results of operations. Our insurance, environmental and divestiture reserves totaled $7.2 million at December 31, 2007.

 

Ø Benefit and pension plans. We sponsor and manage several retirement and health plans for employees and former employees. Accounting and reporting for the pension plans requires the use of assumptions for discount rates, expected returns on plan assets and rates of compensation increase that are used by our actuaries to determine our liabilities and annual expenses for these plans in addition to the value of the plan assets included in our Consolidated Balance Sheets. Our actuaries also rely on assumptions, such as mortality rates, in preparing their estimates for us. The likelihood of materially different valuations for assets, liabilities or expenses, would depend on interest rates, investment returns, actual non-investment experience or actuarial assumptions that are different from our current expectations.

 

Ø Income taxes. Significant judgment is required in determining our worldwide provision for income taxes. In the ordinary course of a global business, there are many transactions for which the ultimate tax outcome is uncertain. Some of these uncertainties arise as a consequence of intercompany arrangements to share revenue and costs. In such arrangements there are uncertainties about the amount and manner of such sharing, which could ultimately result in changes once the arrangements are reviewed by taxing authorities. Although we believe that our approach to determining the amount of such arrangements is reasonable, no assurance can be given that the final resolution of these matters will not be materially different than that which is reflected in our historical income tax provisions and accruals. Such differences could have a material effect on our income tax provisions or benefits in the period in which such determination is made.

 

Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized. The likelihood of a material change in our expected realization of these assets depends on our ability to generate sufficient future taxable income. Our ability to generate enough taxable income to utilize our deferred tax assets depends on many factors, among which are our ability to deduct tax loss carryforwards against future taxable income, the effectiveness of our tax planning strategies, reversing deferred tax liabilities, changes in the deductibility of interest paid on our convertible subordinated debt and any significant changes in the tax treatment received on our business combinations.

 

Ø

Segment Information. We provide segment financial information and results for our BioDiscovery and Cell Systems segments based on the segregation of revenues and expenses used for management’s assessment of operating performance and operating decisions. Expenses shared by the segments require the use of judgments and estimates in determining the allocation of expenses to the two segments. Different

 

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assumptions or allocation methods could result in materially different results by segment. Also, we do not currently segregate assets by segment as a significant portion of our total assets are shared or non-segment assets which we do not assign to our two operating segments. We have determined that it is not useful to assign our shared assets to the individual segments.

 

Ø Share-Based Compensation. Under our 2004 Equity Incentive Plan (the 2004 Plan), we grant share-based awards to eligible employees and directors to purchase shares of our common stock. In addition, we have a qualified employee stock purchase plan in which eligible employees may elect to withhold up to 15% of their compensation to purchase shares of our common stock on a quarterly basis at a discounted price equal to 85% of the lower of the employee’s offering price or the closing price of the stock on the date of purchase. The benefits provided by these plans qualify as share-based compensation under the provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” (SFAS 123R), which requires us to recognize compensation expense based on their estimated fair values determined on the date of grant for all share-based awards granted, modified or cancelled as of January 1, 2006 (the effective date). Prior to the effective date, we did not recognize any compensation cost in our income statements for share-based awards granted with an option price equal to the fair market value of the our common stock on the date of grant or employee stock purchase rights as we accounted for them under the recognition and measurement principles of APB Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” (APB 25) and its related interpretations and adopted the disclosure only provisions of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, “Stock-Based Compensation” (SFAS 123).

 

For the year ended December 31, 2007, we recognized $35.5 million, $11.6 million and $1.1 million of compensation expense for employee stock options (including stock options assumed in business combinations) and purchase rights, restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, respectively. At December 31, 2007, there was $43.7 million, $8.5 million and zero amount remaining in unrecognized compensation cost related to employee stock options, restricted stock units and restricted stock awards, respectively, which are expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2 years for both employee stock options and restricted stock units.

 

We estimate the fair value of share-based awards on the date of grant using the Black-Scholes option-pricing method (Black-Scholes method), which was also used for the proforma information required to be disclosed under SFAS 123. The determination of fair value of share-based awards using an option-pricing model requires the use of certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of share-based compensation cost recognized in our Consolidated Statements of Income. These include estimates of the expected term of share-based awards, expected volatility of our stock price, expected dividends and the risk-free interest rate. These estimates and assumptions are highly subjective and may result in materially different amounts should circumstances change and we employ different assumptions in our application of SFAS 123R in future periods.

 

For share-based awards issued during the year ended December 31, 2007, we estimated the expected term by considering various factors including the vesting period of options granted, employees’ historical exercise and post-employment termination behavior and aggregation by homogeneous employee groups. Our estimated volatility was derived using a combination of our historical stock price volatility and the implied volatility of market-traded options of our common stock with terms of up to approximately two years. Our decision to use a combination of historical and implied volatility was based upon the availability of actively traded options of our common stock and our assessment that such a combination was more representative of future expected stock price trends. We have never declared or paid any cash dividends on our common stock and currently do not anticipate paying such cash dividends. We currently anticipate that we will retain all of our future earnings for use in the development and expansion of our business and for general corporate purposes. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of our Board of Directors and will depend upon our results of operations, financial condition, financial covenants, tax laws and other factors as the Board of Directors, in its discretion, deems relevant. The risk-free interest rate is based upon U.S. Treasury securities with remaining terms similar to the expected term of the share-based awards.

 

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RECENT ACCOUNTING PRONOUNCEMENTS

 

For information on the recent accounting pronouncements impacting our business, see Note 1 of the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements included in Item 8.

 

FOREIGN CURRENCY TRANSLATION

 

We translate the financial statements of our non-U.S. operations into U.S. dollars for consolidation using end-of-period exchange rates for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates during each reporting period for results of operations. Net gains or losses resulting from the translation of foreign financial statements, the effect of exchange rate changes on intercompany receivables and payables of a long-term investment nature and net exchange rate gains and losses on the value of financial contracts entered into that hedge the value of these long-term intercompany receivables and payables are recorded as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. These adjustments will affect net income only upon sale or liquidation of the underlying non-U.S. investment.

 

Changes in foreign currency exchange rates can affect our reported results of operations, which are reported in U.S. dollars. Based on the foreign currency rate in effect at the time of the translation of our non-U.S. results of operations into U.S. dollars, reported results could be different from prior periods even if the same amount and mix of our products were sold at the same local prices during the two periods. This will affect our reported results of operations and also makes the comparison of our business performance in two periods more difficult. For example, our revenues for the year ended December 31, 2007, were approximately $1,281.7 million using applicable foreign currency exchange rates for that period. However, applying the foreign currency exchange rates in effect during the year ended December 31, 2006 to our non-U.S. revenues for 2007 would result in approximately $40.6 million less revenue for that period. These changes in currency exchange rates have affected and will continue to affect, our reported results, including our revenues, revenue growth rates, gross margins, income and losses as well as assets and liabilities.

 

MARKET RISK

 

We are exposed to market risk related to changes in foreign currency exchange rates, commodity prices and interest rates, and we selectively use financial instruments to manage these risks. We do not enter into financial instruments for speculation or trading purposes. These financial exposures are monitored and managed by us as an integral part of our overall risk management program, which recognizes the unpredictability of financial markets and seeks to reduce potentially adverse effects on our results.

 

Foreign Currency Transactions. We have operations in Europe, Asia-Pacific and the Americas. As a result, our financial position, results of operations and cash flows can be affected by fluctuations in foreign currency exchange rates. Many of our reporting entities conduct a portion of their business in currencies other than the entity’s functional currency. These transactions give rise to receivables and payables that are denominated in currencies other than the entity’s functional currency. The value of these receivables and payables is subject to changes in exchange rates because they may become worth more or less than they were worth at the time we entered into the transaction due to changes in exchange rates. Both realized and unrealized gains or losses on the value of these receivables and payables are included in the determination of net income. Net currency exchange gains (losses) recognized on business transactions, net of hedging transactions, were $0.5 million, $(1.6) million and $49.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and are included in other income and expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

 

Our currency exposures vary, but are primarily concentrated in the euro, British pound sterling, Norwegian kroner and Japanese yen. Historically, we have used foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate foreign currency risk on foreign currency receivables and payables. At December 31, 2007 and 2006, we had $27.3 million and $11.9 million in foreign currency forward contracts outstanding to hedge currency risk on specific

 

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receivables and payables. The contracts as of December 31, 2007, which settle in January 2008, effectively fix the exchange rate at which these specific receivables and payables will be settled in, so that gains or losses on the forward contracts offset the losses or gains from changes in the value of the underlying receivables and payables.

 

At December 31, the notional principal and fair value of our outstanding foreign currency derivatives to hedge the value of its foreign currency receivables and payables were as follows:

 

     2007     2006  

(in millions)

   Notional
Principal
   Fair
Value
    Notional
Principal
   Fair
Value
 

Forward exchange contracts

   $ 27.3    $ (0.07 )   $ 11.9    $ (0.07 )

 

The notional principal amounts provide one measure of the transaction volume outstanding as of year-end and does not represent the amount of our exposure to market loss. The estimates of fair value are based on applicable and commonly used pricing models using prevailing financial market information as of December 31, 2007 and 2006. The amounts ultimately realized upon settlement of these financial instruments, together with the gains and losses on the underlying exposures, will depend on actual market conditions during the remaining life of the instruments.

 

Commodity Prices. Our exposure to commodity price changes relates to certain manufacturing operations that utilize certain commodities as raw materials. We manage our exposure to changes in those prices primarily through our procurement and sales practices.

 

Interest Rates. Our investment portfolio is maintained in accordance with our investment policy which defines allowable investments, specifies credit quality standards and limits the credit exposure of any single issuer. The fair value of our cash equivalents and marketable securities is subject to change as a result of changes in market interest rates and investment risk related to the issuers’ credit worthiness. We do not utilize financial contracts to manage our exposure to changes in interest rates. At December 31, 2007, we had $671.3 million in cash, cash equivalents and short term investments, all of which are stated at fair value. Changes in market interest rates would not be expected to have a material impact on the fair value of $606.1 million of our cash and cash equivalents at December 31, 2007, as these consisted of securities with maturities of less than three months. Additionally, changes in market interest rates would not be expected to have a material impact on the fair value of our short term investments of $60.7 million as they are comprised primarily of auction rate securities, with interest reset periods of less than three months. A 100 basis point increase or decrease in interest rates would also not be expected to have a material impact on the remaining $4.5 million of our investments. While changes in interest rates may affect the fair value of our investment portfolio, any gains or losses will not be recognized in our statement of operations until the investment is sold or if the reduction in fair value was determined to be a permanent impairment.

 

ITEM 7A. Quantitative and Qualitative Disclosures About Market Risk

 

See discussion under Market Risk in “Item 7. Management’s Discussion and Analysis of Financial Condition and Results of Operations.”

 

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ITEM 8. Financial Statements and Supplementary Data

 

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

To the Stockholders and the

Board of Directors of Invitrogen Corporation

 

We have audited the accompanying consolidated balance sheets of Invitrogen Corporation as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007. Our audits also included the financial statement schedule listed in the Index at Item 15(c). These financial statements and the financial statement schedule are the responsibility of Invitrogen Corporation’s management. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on these financial statements and schedule based on our audits.

 

We conducted our audits in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether the financial statements are free of material misstatement. An audit includes examining, on a test basis, evidence supporting the amounts and disclosures in the financial statements. An audit also includes assessing the accounting principles used and significant estimates made by management, as well as evaluating the overall financial statement presentation. We believe that our audits provide a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

In our opinion, the financial statements referred to above present fairly, in all material respects, the consolidated financial position of Invitrogen Corporation at December 31, 2007 and 2006 and the consolidated results of its operations and its cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007, in conformity with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles. Also, in our opinion, the related financial statement schedule for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, when considered in relation to the basic financial statements taken as a whole, presents fairly in all material respects the information set forth therein.

 

As discussed in Note 1 to the consolidated financial statements, Invitrogen Corporation changed its method of accounting for Share-Based Payments in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004) effective January 1, 2006 and its method of accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Post Retirement Plans in accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 158 in the fourth quarter of 2006.

 

We also have audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the effectiveness of Invitrogen Corporation’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control—Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission and our report dated February 13, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

 

/s/ Ernst & Young LLP

 

San Diego, California

February 13, 2008

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED BALANCE SHEETS

(In thousands, except par value and share data)

 

     December 31,  
     2007     2006  
ASSETS  

Current assets:

    

Cash and cash equivalents

   $ 606,145     $ 343,181  

Short-term investments

     60,703       8,914  

Restricted cash and investments

     4,445       4,393  

Trade accounts receivable, net of allowance for doubtful accounts of $8,211 and $6,968, respectively

     192,137       177,510  

Inventories, net

     172,692       146,400  

Deferred income tax assets

     20,699       35,184  

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

     33,663       25,022  
                

Total current assets

     1,090,484       740,604  

Assets from discontinued operations (includes cash and cash equivalents of $0 and $23,712 as of December 31, 2007 and December 31, 2006, respectively)

           262,575  

Long-term investments

     753       2,850  

Property and equipment, net

     319,653       275,419  

Goodwill

     1,528,779       1,480,008  

Intangible assets, net

     286,521       371,705  

Deferred income tax assets

     53,642       1,858  

Other assets

     49,915       47,856  
                

Total assets

   $ 3,329,747     $ 3,182,875  
                
LIABILITIES AND STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY  

Current liabilities:

    

Current portion of long-term debt

   $ 124     $ 1,961  

Accounts payable

     97,415       85,274  

Shut down accrual

     11,151       17,762  

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

     116,652       102,385  

Income taxes

     9,071       20,704  
                

Total current liabilities

     234,413       228,086  

Liabilities from discontinued operations

     2,506       28,171  

Long-term debt

     1,150,700       1,150,824  

Pension liabilities

     28,428       38,444  

Deferred income tax liabilities

     102,373       92,942  

Income taxes payable

     27,093        

Other long-term obligations, deferred credits and reserves

     18,787       13,981  
                

Total liabilities

     1,564,300       1,552,448  
                

Stockholders’ equity:

    

Preferred stock; $0.01 par value, 6,405,884 shares authorized; no shares issued or outstanding

            

Common stock; $0.01 par value, 200,000,000 shares authorized; 61,588,285 and 58,967,060 shares issued, respectively

     616       590  

Additional paid-in-capital

     2,424,621       2,220,528  

Accumulated other comprehensive income

     112,454       34,993  

Retained earnings (accumulated deficit)

     86,992       (54,672 )

Less cost of treasury stock; 14,905,664 shares and 11,111,491 shares, respectively

     (859,236 )     (571,012 )
                

Total stockholders’ equity

     1,765,447       1,630,427  
                

Total liabilities and stockholders’ equity

   $ 3,329,747     $ 3,182,875  
                

 

See accompanying notes for additional information.

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF OPERATIONS

(In thousands, except per share data)

 

     For the Years Ended December 31,  
     2007     2006     2005  

Revenues

   $ 1,281,747     $ 1,151,175     $ 1,079,137  

Cost of revenues

     467,139       432,176       419,209  

Purchased intangibles amortization

     98,721       110,668       110,393  
                        

Gross profit

     715,887       608,331       549,535  
                        

Operating expenses:

      

Sales and marketing

     252,057       232,388       204,003  

General and administrative

     164,042       150,068       117,798  

Research and development

     115,833       104,343       97,751  

Purchased in-process research and development

                 17,046  

Business consolidation costs

     5,635       12,540       465  
                        

Total operating expenses

     537,567       499,339       437,063  
                        

Operating income

     178,320       108,992       112,472  
                        

Other income (expense):

      

Interest income

     27,961       26,687       24,602  

Interest expense

     (27,967 )     (32,156 )     (33,977 )

Loss on early retirement of debt

                 (1,096 )

Other income (expense), net

     332       540       57,534  
                        

Total other income (expense), net

     326       (4,929 )     47,063  
                        

Income before provision for income taxes

     178,646       104,063       159,535  

Income tax provision

     (48,367 )     (28,304 )     (38,050 )
                        

Net income from continuing operations

     130,279       75,759       121,485  

Net income (loss) from discontinued operations (net)

     12,911       (266,808 )     10,561  
                        

Net Income

     143,190       (191,049 )     132,046  
                        

Basic earnings (loss) per common share:

      

Net income from continuing operations

   $ 2.79     $ 1.47     $ 2.33  

Net income (loss) from discontinued operations

   $ 0.28     $ (5.19 )   $ 0.20  
                        

Net income (loss)

   $ 3.07     $ (3.72 )   $ 2.53  
                        

Diluted earnings (loss) per common share:

      

Net income from continuing operations

   $ 2.69     $ 1.44     $ 2.15  

Net income (loss) from discontinued operations

   $ 0.26     $ (5.04 )   $ 0.18  
                        

Net income (loss)

   $ 2.95     $ (3.60 )   $ 2.33  
                        

Weighted average shares used in per share calculations:

      

Basic

     46,686       51,393       52,238  

Diluted

     48,574       52,862       60,014  

 

See accompanying notes for additional information.

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF STOCKHOLDERS’ EQUITY

(in thousands)

 

    Common Stock   Additional
Paid-in-
Capital
    Deferred
Compensation
    Accumulated
Other
Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
    Retained
Earnings
(Accumulated
Deficit)
    Treasury Stock     Total
Stockholders’
Equity
    Comprehensive
Income (Loss)
 
    Shares   Amount           Shares     Amount      

Balance at December 31, 2004

  56,275   $ 562   $ 2,029,222     $ (14,887 )   $ 72,214     $ 4,331     (4,831 )   $ (178,191 )   $ 1,913,251     $ 104,881  
                                                                       

Deferred compensation

          (44 )     44                                

Amortization of deferred compensation expense

                7,415                             7,415    

Common stock issued under employee stock plans

  2,015     21     109,659       (8,595 )                           101,085    

Tax benefit on employee stock plans

          19,728                                   19,728    

Purchase of treasury shares

                                (500 )     (42,829 )     (42,829 )  

Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of deferred taxes

                      446                       446       446  

Unrealized gain on cash flow hedging instruments, net of deferred taxes

                      9,809                       9,809       9,809  

Unrealized loss on investments, net of deferred taxes

                      (1,145 )                     (1,145 )     (1,145 )

Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of deferred taxes

                      (98,012 )                     (98,012 )     (98,012 )

Net income

                            132,046                 132,046       132,046  
                                                                       

Balance at December 31, 2005

  58,290   $ 583   $ 2,158,565     $ (16,023 )   $ (16,688 )   $ 136,377     (5,331 )   $ (221,020 )   $ 2,041,794     $ 43,144  
                                                                       

Common stock issuances under employee stock plans

  677     7     29,941                                   29,948    

Tax benefit of employee stock plans

          937                                   937    

Purchase of treasury shares

                                (5,780 )     (349,992 )     (349,992 )  

Issuance of restricted shares

          184                                   184    

Amortization of stock-based compensation

          46,924                                   46,924    

Reversal of deferred compensation upon adoption of FAS 123R

          (16,023 )     16,023                                

Minimum pension liability, net of deferred taxes

                      (9,048 )                     (9,048 )     (9,048 )

Transition adjustment upon adoption of FAS 158, net of deferred taxes

                      (5,366 )                     (5,366 )     (5,366 )

Unrealized loss on cash flow hedging instruments, net of deferred taxes

                      (822 )                     (822 )     (822 )

Unrealized gain on investments, net of deferred taxes

                      2,179                       2,179       2,179  

Translation adjustment

                      64,738                       64,738       64,738  

Net loss

                            (191,049 )               (191,049 )     (191,049 )
                                                                       

Balance at December 31, 2006

  58,967   $ 590   $ 2,220,528     $     $ 34,993     $ (54,672 )   (11,111 )   $ (571,012 )   $ 1,630,427     $ (134,002 )
                                                                       

Cumulative effect of accounting changes(1)

              (1,526 )         (1,526 )  

Common stock issuances under employee stock plans

  2,572     26     133,672                                   133,698    

Tax benefit of employee stock plans

          20,224                             20,224    

Purchase of treasury shares

                            (3,737 )     (284,993 )     (284,993 )  

Issuance of restricted shares, net of repurchases for minimum tax liability

  49         2,665                       (58 )     (3,231 )     (566 )  

Amortization of stock-based compensation

          47,532                                   47,532    

Minimum pension liability, net of deferred taxes

                      6,312                       6,312       6,312  

Amortization of cash flow hedging instruments, net of deferred taxes

                      (314 )                     (314 )     (314 )

Unrealized loss on investments, net of deferred taxes

                      756                       756       756  

Translation adjustment

                      70,707                       70,707       70,707  

Net income

                            143,190                 143,190       143,190  
                                                                       

Balance at December 31, 2007

  61,588   $ 616   $ 2,424,621     $     $ 112,454     $ 86,992     (14,906 )   $ (859,236 )   $ 1,765,447     $ 220,651  
                                                                       

 

(1)

The aggregate adoption impact of FIN 48 reflected for the year ended December 31, 2007.

 

See accompanying notes for additional information.

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

CONSOLIDATED STATEMENTS OF CASH FLOWS

(In thousands)

 

    For the Years Ended December 31,  
    2007     2006     2005  

CASH FLOWS FROM OPERATING ACTIVITIES:

     

Net income (loss)

  $ 143,190     $ (191,049 )   $ 132,046  

Adjustments to reconcile net income (loss) to net cash provided by operating activities, net of effects of businesses acquired and divested:

     

Depreciation

    37,357       41,219       38,671  

Amortization of intangible assets

    98,721       120,564       118,938  

Impairment of goodwill

          270,384        

Amortization of premiums on investments, net of accretion of discounts

    36       (5,372 )     2,616  

Amortization of deferred debt issue costs

    1,437       2,398       3,208  

Share-based compensation

    47,532       46,755       7,415  

Incremental tax benefits from stock options exercised

    (5,401 )     (3,071 )      

Deferred income taxes

    611       (40,011 )     (61,516 )

Loss on disposal of assets

          2,334        

In-process research and development

                17,046  

Other non-cash adjustments

    (850 )     5,217       10,494  

Changes in operating assets and liabilities:

     

Trade accounts receivable

    (3,078 )     (4,578 )     (17,895 )

Inventories

    (19,819 )     (9,015 )     24,893  

Prepaid expenses and other current assets

    (7,920 )     6,778       14,038  

Other assets

    (3,495 )     7,162       2,438  

Accounts payable

    10,974       4,550       31,792  

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

    9,699       (11,691 )     (41,112 )

Income taxes

    14,570       (7,514 )     26,272  
                       

Net cash provided by operating activities

    323,564       235,060       309,344  
                       

CASH FLOWS FROM INVESTING ACTIVITIES:

     

Purchases of available-for-sale securities

    (60,703 )           (186,736 )

Maturities of available-for-sale securities

    8,878       306,728       755,497  

Net cash paid for business combinations

    (31,288 )     (44,025 )     (647,170 )

Net cash received for divesture

    209,901              

Reversion of benefit plan assets

          26,639        

Purchases of property and equipment

    (78,333 )     (61,085 )     (71,755 )

Proceeds from sale of property and equipment

          10,645        

Payments for intangible assets

          (9,084 )     (7,478 )
                       

Net cash provided by (used in) investing activities

    48,455       229,818       (157,642 )
                       

CASH FLOWS FROM FINANCING ACTIVITIES:

     

Advances from lines of credit

    547             124,485  

Principal payments on lines of credit

                (124,000 )

Proceeds from long-term obligations

                343,837  

Principal payments on long-term obligations

    (2,595 )     (232,178 )     (297,695 )

Incremental tax benefits from stock options exercised

    5,401       3,071        

Proceeds from sale of common stock

    138,395       29,948       101,085  

Purchase of treasury stock

    (284,993 )     (349,992 )     (42,829 )
                       

Net cash provided by (used in) financing activities

    (143,245 )     (549,151 )     104,883  

Effect of exchange rate changes on cash

    10,478       15,936       (19,751 )
                       

Net increase (decrease) in cash and cash equivalents

    239,252       (68,337 )     236,834  

Cash and cash equivalents, beginning of period

    366,893       435,230       198,396  
                       

Cash and cash equivalents, end of period

  $ 606,145     $ 366,893     $ 435,230  
                       

 

See accompanying notes for additional information.

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

1. BUSINESS ACTIVITY, SUMMARY OF SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTING POLICIES AND

    SIGNIFICANT ACCOUNTS

 

Business Activity

 

Invitrogen’s products are principally life science research tools in reagent and kit form, biochemicals, sera, media, software and other products and services that Invitrogen sells to corporate, academic and government entities worldwide. Invitrogen’s business is focused on two principal segments: BioDiscovery and Cell Systems.

 

Principles of Consolidation

 

The consolidated financial statements include the accounts of Invitrogen Corporation and its majority owned or controlled subsidiaries collectively referred to as Invitrogen (the Company). All significant intercompany accounts and transactions have been eliminated in consolidation. For purposes of these Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements, gross profit is defined as revenues less cost of revenues and purchased intangibles amortization and gross margin is defined as gross profit divided by revenues. Operating income is defined as gross profit less operating expenses and operating margin is defined as operating income divided by revenues.

 

Discontinued Operations

 

Discontinued operations relate to the sale of the Company’s BioReliance business unit and the sale of BioSource Europe, S.A.

 

In April 2007, Invitrogen completed the sale of its BioReliance subsidiary to Avista Capital Partners and received net cash proceeds of approximately $209.0 million. No loss on the sale was recorded in 2007. The results of operations for BioReliance for the period from January through April 2007 and the results for all prior periods are reported as discontinued operations. Additionally, the Company finalized the sale of BioSource Europe, S.A., a diagnostic business located in Belgium, on February 1, 2007 to a private investor group in Belgium for proceeds of $5.5 million. Net proceeds from both acquisitions less cash spent as part of the disposal process were $209.9 million.

 

We have reclassified the consolidated financial statements for all periods presented to reflect BioReliance and BioSource Europe, S.A. as discontinued operations as these businesses meet the criteria as a component of an entity under SFAS No. 144, “Accounting for the Impairment or Disposal of Long-Lived Assets.” Accordingly, any operating results of these businesses are presented in the Company’s Consolidated Statements of Operations as discontinued operations, net of income tax, and all prior periods have been reclassified. The components of discontinued operations for the periods presented are as follows:

 

     Year ended December 31,  

(in thousands, unaudited)

   2007     2006     2005  

Net revenues

   $ 29,962     $ 112,310     $ 119,315  

Cost of revenues

     22,357       85,573       76,021  
                        

Gross profit

     7,605       26,737       43,294  

Operating expenses

     (6,309 )     (23,555 )     (28,570 )

Impairment of goodwill

           (270,400 )      

Non-operating income (expense)

     6,547       399       (429 )
                        

Net income (loss) from discontinued operations before income taxes

     7,843       (266,819 )     14,295  

Income tax benefit (expense)

     5,068       11       (3,734 )
                        

Net income (loss) from discontinued operations

   $ 12,911     $ (266,808 )   $ 10,561  
                        

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

The net assets of discontinued operations consisted of the following:

 

(in thousands, unaudited)

   December 31, 2007    December 31, 2006

Cash

   $    $ 23,712

Accounts receivable

          27,743

Other current assets

          5,798

Property, plant and equipment, net

          25,521

Goodwill

          145,166

Intangibles, net

          20,043

Other assets

          14,592
             

Total assets of discontinued operations

   $    $ 262,575
             

Accounts payable

   $    $ 6,819

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities

     2,506      11,643

Other liabilities

          9,709
             

Total liabilities of discontinued operations

   $ 2,506    $ 28,171
             

 

Use of Estimates

 

The preparation of financial statements in conformity with accounting principles generally accepted in the United States requires management to make estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amounts of assets and liabilities and disclosures of contingent assets and liabilities at the date of the financial statements and the reported amounts of revenues and expenses during the reporting period. Actual results could differ from those estimates.

 

Concentrations of Risks

 

Approximately $343.3 million, $337.9 million and $271.3 million, or 28%, 30% and 23% of the Company’s product revenues during the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively, were derived from university and research institutions which management believes are, to some degree, directly or indirectly supported by the U.S. Government. If there were to be a significant change in current research funding, particularly with respect to the National Institute of Health, it could have a material adverse impact on the Company’s future revenues and results of operations.

 

Segment Information

 

The Company operates in two segments: BioDiscovery (BD) and Cell Systems (CS). The Company has no intersegment revenues that are material to the overall consolidated financial statements. The Company does not currently segregate assets by segment as a majority of the Company’s total assets are shared or considered non-segment assets. The Company has determined that it is not useful to assign its shared assets to individual segments. Based on the aggregation criteria of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 131, “Disclosures about Segments of an Enterprise and Related Information,” the Company’s products and services in the BD segment share similar economic characteristics, but are different from the economic characteristics of the products and services of our CS segment. As a result of using the aggregation guidelines, there is no logical subgrouping of products within either the BD or CS segments.

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

Revenue Recognition

 

Revenues from product sales are recognized upon transfer of title to the product, which generally occurs upon shipment to the customer. The Company generally ships to its customers FOB shipping point. In cases where customers order and pay for product and request that the Company stores a portion of the orders for them, the Company records up-front payments as deferred revenue in accrued expenses and other current liabilities in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and recognizes revenue upon shipment of the product to the customer. Deferred product revenues at December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 totaled $10.4 million, $10.6 million and $6.3 million, respectively.

 

The Company’s BioReliance subsidiary recognized revenue from commercial contracts, which are principally fixed-price or fixed-rate, using the proportional performance method, except for services that are generally completed within three days, which are accounted for using the completed-contract method. Proportional performance is determined using expected output milestones. The proportional performance may be affected by future events, including delays caused by laboratory interruptions, client-mandated changes and the unpredictability of biological processes. Accordingly, the Company undertakes a review process to determine that recorded revenue represents the actual proportional performance in all material respects.

 

The Company undertakes a review of unbilled accounts receivable from customers to determine that such amounts are expected to become billable and collectible in all material respects.

 

Royalty revenue is recognized when determinable, generally upon the receipt of the cash payment and is not refundable. Grant and royalty revenues were $39.9 million, $26.8 million and $23.5 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

 

Shipping and handling costs are included in costs of sales. Shipping and handling costs charged to customers is recorded as revenue in the period the related product sales revenue is recognized.

 

Fair Value of Financial Instruments

 

The carrying amounts of financial instruments such as cash equivalents, foreign cash accounts, accounts receivable, prepaid expenses and other current assets, accounts payable, accrued expenses and other current liabilities approximate the related fair values due to the short-term maturities of these instruments. The estimated fair value of the convertible notes is determined by using available market information and valuation methodologies that correlate fair value with the market price of the Company’s common stock which is provided by a third party financial institution. The fair value of the Company’s convertible notes at December 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:

 

(in thousands)    2007    2006

3 1/4% Convertible Subordinated Notes (principal due 2025)

   $ 406,438    $ 332,938

1 1/2% Convertible Senior Notes (principal due 2024)

     477,562      382,500

2% Convertible Senior Notes (principal due 2023)

     504,875      355,250

 

Cash and Cash Equivalents and Marketable Securities

 

The Company invests its excess cash in marketable securities, corporate notes and government securities. The Company has established guidelines that maintain safety and liquidity.

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

The Company considers all highly liquid investments with maturity of three months or less from the date of purchase to be cash equivalents. Cash equivalents at December 31, 2007 consisted primarily of overnight money market accounts, time deposits, commercial paper, demand notes and municipal notes and bonds with maturities of less than three months.

 

All marketable debt and equity securities are categorized as available-for-sale and are stated at fair value, with unrealized gains and losses, net of deferred income taxes, reported in other comprehensive income affecting stockholders’ equity. The amortized cost of debt securities is adjusted for amortization of premiums and accretion of discounts to maturity. The amortization and accretion, interest income and realized gains and losses are included in interest income within the Consolidated Statements of Operations. The cost of securities sold is based on the specific identification method. Maturities and gross unrealized gains (losses) at December 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:

 

2007

(in thousands)

   Maturity
in Years
   Amortized
Cost
   Unrealized     Estimated
Fair Value
         Gains    Losses    

Auction rate securities

   1 or less    $ 60,703    $    $     $ 60,703
                               

Total short-term investments

        60,703                 60,703
                               

Equity securities

   1 or more      753                 753
                               

Total long-term investments

        753                 753
                               
      $ 61,456    $    $     $ 61,456
                               

2006

(in thousands)

   Maturity
in Years
   Amortized
Cost
   Unrealized     Estimated
Fair Value
         Gains    Losses    

U.S. Treasury and Agency obligations

   1 or less    $ 8,968    $    $ (54 )   $ 8,914
                               

Total short-term investments

        8,968           (54 )     8,914
                               

Equity securities

   1 or more      2,850                 2,850
                               

Total long-term investments

        2,850                 2,850
                               
      $ 11,818    $    $ (54 )   $ 11,764
                               

 

Investments considered to be temporarily impaired at December 31, 2007 are as follows:

 

          Less than 12 months
of temporary
impairment
    Greater than 12 months
of temporary
impairment
   Total temporary
impairment
 
(in thousands except for number
of investments)
   Number of
Investments
   Fair
Value
   Unrealized
Losses
    Fair Value    Unrealized
Losses
   Fair Value    Unrealized
Losses
 

Commercial paper

   7    $ 139,727    $ (11 )   $    $    $ 139,727    $ (11 )
                                                 

Total temporarily impaired securities

   7    $ 139,727    $ (11 )   $    $    $ 139,727    $ (11 )
                                                 

 

Temporarily impaired securities were mainly purchased during 2007. The Company believes that the decline in value is temporary and related to the change in market interest rates since purchase. The decline is not related to any company or industry specific event. All portfolio investments are at least rated AA by various rating agencies. The Company anticipates full recovery of amortized cost with respect to these securities at maturity or sooner in the event of a change in the market interest rate environment.

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

Restricted Cash and Related Liabilities

 

Restricted cash consists of $4.4 million for both December 31, 2007 and 2006 and was held in a Rabbi Trust (the Trust). The Trust, which was assumed by the Company upon the closing of its merger with Dexter Corporation (Dexter) in 2000, funds supplemental benefits for certain former employees of Dexter, most of whom did not become employees of the Company. The funds are invested primarily in money market accounts. The Trust is irrevocable and remains in place for the term of benefits payable, which in the case of certain supplemental retirement benefits is the death of the participants or their designated beneficiaries. At December 31, 2007, $7.3 million is included in accrued expenses, other current liabilities and pension liabilities that are to be funded by the Trust. No further contributions are required to be made to the Trust.

 

Accounts Receivable

 

The Company provides reserves against trade receivables for estimated losses that may result from a customers’ inability to pay. The amount is determined by analyzing known uncollectible accounts, aged receivables, economic conditions in the customers’ country or industry, historical losses and customer credit-worthiness. Additionally, all accounts with aged balances greater than one year are fully reserved, except in certain situations in which management deems the reserve unnecessary. Amounts determined to be uncollectible are charged or written off against the reserve.

 

Inventories

 

Inventories are generally stated at lower of cost (first-in, first-out method) or market. The Company reviews the components of its inventory on a regular basis for excess, obsolete and impaired inventory and makes appropriate dispositions as obsolete inventory is identified. Reserves for excess, obsolete and impaired inventory were $46.0 million and $41.2 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

 

Inventories include material, labor and overhead costs in addition to purchase accounting adjustments to write-up acquired inventory to estimated selling prices less costs to complete, costs of disposal and a reasonable profit allowance.

 

Inventories consist of the following at December 31:

 

(in thousands)    2007    2006

Raw materials and components

   $ 34,106    $ 27,003

Work in process (materials, labor and overhead)

     35,067      23,536

Finished goods (materials, labor and overhead)

     103,519      95,735

Adjustment to write up acquired finished goods inventory to fair value

          126
             

Total inventories

   $ 172,692    $ 146,400
             

 

Property and Equipment

 

Property and equipment is stated at cost and depreciated over the estimated useful lives of the assets principally using the straight-line method. Amortization of leasehold improvements is computed on the straight-line method over the shorter of the lease term or the estimated useful lives of the assets. Maintenance and repairs are charged to operations as incurred. When assets are sold, or otherwise disposed of, the cost and related accumulated depreciation are removed from the accounts and any gain or loss is included in operating expense.

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

Leased capital assets are included in property and equipment. Amortization of property and equipment under capital leases is included with depreciation expense.

 

Capitalized internal-use software costs include only those direct costs associated with the actual development or acquisition of computer software for internal use, including costs associated with the design, coding, installation and testing of the system. Costs associated with preliminary development, such as the evaluation and selection of alternatives, as well as training, maintenance and support are expensed as incurred. At December 31, 2007 and 2006 the Company has $60.2 million and $41.2 million in unamortized capitalized software costs, respectively. For the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, the Company amortized into expense $9.7 million, $4.9 million and $3.5 million related to capitalized computer software costs, respectively.

 

Property and equipment consist of the following at December 31:

 

(in thousands)    Estimated
Useful Life
(in years)
   2007     2006  

Land

      $ 19,623     $ 18,956  

Building and improvements

   1-50      175,388       168,323  

Machinery and equipment

   1-10      164,318       148,051  

Internal use software

   1-10      92,771       58,597  

Construction in process

        65,747       37,757  
                   

Total gross property and equipment

        517,847       431,684  

Accumulated depreciation and amortization

        (198,194 )     (156,265 )
                   

Total property and equipment

      $ 319,653     $ 275,419  
                   

 

Goodwill

 

Goodwill represents the excess purchase price of net tangible and intangible assets acquired in business combinations over their estimated fair value. Goodwill is allocated to the Company’s segments based on the nature of the product line of the acquired entity. In accordance with Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 141, “Business Combinations” (SFAS 141) and Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 142, “Goodwill and Other Intangible Assets” (SFAS 142), goodwill is tested for impairment on an annual basis and earlier if there is an indicator of impairment. Furthermore, SFAS 142 requires purchased intangible assets other than goodwill to be amortized over their useful lives unless these lives are determined to be indefinite.

 

The Company performs its goodwill impairment tests annually during the fourth quarter of its fiscal year and earlier if an event or circumstance indicates that impairment has occurred. The Company utilized a combination of valuation methods including a discounted cash flow analysis and the guideline companies method to estimate the fair value of the reporting unit. Based on this analysis, the Company determined that an impairment does not exist at October 1, 2007, and as a result, no impairment charge has been recorded during the year.

 

In February 2007, the Company announced the sale of its BioReliance business unit, a component of its Cell Systems reporting unit. In connection with the announced sale, the Company evaluated the goodwill associated with this reporting unit and recorded a goodwill impairment of $264.6 million during the year ended December 31, 2006. The amount of the write-down was based on the excess carrying value over the fair value of the net assets which was estimated based on the net sale proceeds to be received in connection with the

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

disposition of the business unit. In April 2007, Invitrogen completed the sale of its BioReliance subsidiary to Avista Capital Partners and received net cash proceeds of approximately $209.0 million. No loss on the sale was recorded in 2007.

 

In addition, in February 2007, the Company announced the sale of BioSource Europe S.A., a diagnostic business in its BioDiscovery reporting unit and recorded a $5.8 million goodwill write-down related to the sale of that business unit during the year ended December 31, 2006. The amount of the write-down was determined based on the excess carrying value over the fair value of the net assets which was estimated as the sale proceeds to be received in the disposition. The sale was completed in February 2007 for net cash proceeds of approximately $5.5 million. No loss on the sale was recorded in 2007.

 

Changes in the net carrying amount of goodwill for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:

 

(in thousands)    BioDiscovery     Cell
Systems
   Total  

Balance at December 31, 2005

   $ 1,303,046     $ 150,821    $ 1,453,867  

Purchase adjustments for resolution of income tax contingencies

     (21,626 )          (21,626 )

Purchase adjustments to lease liabilities, net of deferred tax liability of $0.4 million

     940            940  

Earnout payments

     8,383            8,383  

Other adjustments

     742            742  

Goodwill acquired during the year

     13,148            13,148  

Foreign currency translation

     24,554            24,554  
                       

Balance at December 31, 2006

   $ 1,329,187     $ 150,821    $ 1,480,008  

Purchase adjustments for resolution of income tax contingencies

     (3,053 )          (3,053 )

Earnout payments

     791            791  

Other adjustments

     (4,773 )     59      (4,714 )

Goodwill acquired during the year

     9,086       6,032      15,118  

Foreign currency translation

     40,629            40,629  
                       

Balance at December 31, 2007

   $ 1,371,867     $ 156,912    $ 1,528,779  
                       

 

Other Intangible Assets

 

Intangible assets are amortized using the straight-line method over their estimated useful lives. Amortization expense related to intangible assets for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 was $98.7 million, $110.7 million and $110.4 million, respectively. In conjunction with acquisitions (see Note 2—Business Combinations), zero, zero and $17.0 million of the purchase price was allocated to in-process research and development and expensed in the Consolidated Statements of Operations for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

Intangible assets consist of the following:

 

    December 31, 2007     December 31, 2006  
(in thousands)   Weighted
average
life
  Gross
carrying
amount
  Accumulated
amortization
    Weighted
average
life
  Gross
carrying
amount
  Accumulated
amortization
 

Amortized intangible assets:

           

Purchased technology

  7 years   $ 771,748   $ (562,736 )   7 years   $ 758,748   $ (477,719 )

Purchased tradenames and trademarks

  8 years     83,158     (51,451 )   7 years     78,273     (45,327 )

Purchased customer base

  5 years     51,203     (29,670 )   12 years     46,950     (19,896 )

Other intellectual properties

  6 years     45,363     (28,545 )   6 years     44,590     (21,365 )
                               
    $ 951,472   $ (672,402 )     $ 928,561   $ (564,307 )
                               

Intangible assets not subject to amortization:

           

Purchased tradenames and trademarks

    $ 7,451       $ 7,451  
                   

 

Estimated amortization expense for amortizable intangible assets owned as of December 31, 2007 for each of the five succeeding fiscal years is as follows:

 

(in thousands)     

Years Ending December 31,

  

2008

   $ 57,261

2009

     54,383

2010

     49,692

2011

     43,576

2012

     35,758

 

Valuation of Long-Lived Assets and Intangibles

 

The Company periodically re-evaluates the original assumptions and rationale utilized in the establishment of the carrying value and estimated lives of its long-lived assets. The criteria used for these evaluations include management’s estimate of the assets continuing ability to generate income from operations and positive cash flow in future periods as well as the strategic significance of any intangible asset in the Company’s business objectives. If assets are considered to be impaired, the impairment recognized is the amount by which the carrying value of the assets exceeds the fair value of the assets, which is determined by applicable market prices, when available. No impairment charges were considered necessary on long-lived assets (excluding goodwill) during the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006.

 

Accrued Expenses and Other Current Liabilities

 

Accrued expenses and other current liabilities, excluding shut-down accrual, consist of the following at December 31:

 

(in thousands)    2007    2006

Accrued payroll and related expenses

   $ 32,289    $ 27,968

Accrued sales commission and bonuses

     42,477      5,966

Deferred revenue

     10,357      10,566

Accrued interest

     5,990      6,004

Accrued other

     25,539      51,881
             

Total accrued expenses

   $ 116,652    $ 102,385
             

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

Research and Development Costs

 

Costs incurred in research and development activities are expensed as incurred. During the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 research and development expenses were $115.8 million, $104.3 million and $97.8 million.

 

Accounting for Share-Based Compensation

 

The Company accounts for share based compensation using Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” (SFAS 123R) using the modified-prospective-transition method. Under this method, share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the employee’s requisite service period for all share-based awards granted, modified or cancelled as of January 1, 2006.

 

Income Taxes

 

Deferred income taxes reflect the net tax effects of temporary differences between the carrying amounts of assets and liabilities for financial reporting purposes and the amounts used for income tax purposes, using enacted tax rates in effect for the year in which the differences are expected to reverse. Valuation allowances are established, when necessary, to reduce deferred tax assets to the amount expected to be realized.

 

Effective January 1, 2007, the Company adopted FASB Interpretation No. 48, Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes (FIN48). FIN48 prescribes a more-likely-than-not threshold for financial statement recognition and measurement of a tax position taken or expected to be taken in a return. The cumulative effects of applying this interpretation have been recorded as a decrease of $1.5 million to retained earnings, an increase of $2.7 million to net deferred income taxes, a decrease to goodwill of $1.1 million and an increase of $3.1 million to income taxes payable.

 

Foreign Currency Translation and Hedging

 

The Company translates the financial statements of its non-U.S. operations using end-of-period exchange rates for assets and liabilities and average exchange rates during each reporting period for results of operations. Net gains or losses resulting from the translation of foreign financial statements, the effect of exchange rate changes on intercompany receivables and payables of a long-term investment nature and net exchange rate gains and losses on the value of financial contracts entered into that hedge the value of these long-term intercompany receivables and payables are recorded as a separate component of stockholders’ equity. These adjustments will affect net income only upon sale or liquidation of the underlying non-U.S. investment. The cumulative translation adjustments included in accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) reported as a separate component of stockholders’ equity were a net cumulative gain of $129.3 million and $58.6 million at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

 

Many of the Company’s reporting entities conduct a portion of their business in currencies other than the entity’s functional currency. These transactions give rise to receivables and payables that are denominated in currencies other than the entity’s functional currency. The value of these receivables and payables is subject to changes in currency exchange rates because they may become worth more or less than they were worth at the time we entered into the transaction due to changes in exchange rates. Both realized and unrealized gains or losses in the value of these receivables and payables are included in the determination of net income. Realized and unrealized gains or losses on the value of financial contracts entered into to hedge the exchange rate

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

exposure of these receivables and payables are also included in the determination of net income. Net currency exchange gains (losses) recognized on business transactions, net of hedging transactions, were $0.5 million, $(1.6) million and $49.0 million in 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively, and are included in other income and expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

 

The Company’s currency exposures vary, but are primarily concentrated in the euro, British pound sterling, Japanese yen and Norwegian kroner. Historically, the Company has used foreign currency forward contracts to mitigate foreign currency risk on intercompany foreign currency receivables and payables, which are expected to be settled. At December 31, 2007, the Company had $27.3 million in foreign currency forward contracts outstanding to hedge currency risk on specific receivables and payables. These contracts, which settle in January 2008, effectively fix the exchange rate at which these specific receivables and payables will be settled in, so that gains or losses on the forward contracts offset the gains or losses from changes in the value of the underlying receivables and payables.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company maintained a foreign currency hedging program in which the Company entered into forward contracts to hedge forecasted foreign currency cash flows. The contracts increase or decrease in value prior to their maturity was accounted for as cash flow hedges and recorded in other comprehensive income in the Consolidated Balance Sheets. To the extent any portion of the forward contracts is determined to not be an effective hedge, the increase or decrease in value prior to the maturity was recorded in other income and expense in the Consolidated Statements of Operations. At December 31, 2007 and 2006, we did not have any outstanding forward contracts to hedge forecasted foreign currency cash flows.

 

The Company continually evaluates the costs and benefits of its hedging program and cannot provide assurance that the Company will resume conducting hedging activities.

 

Computation of Earnings Per Share

 

Basic earnings per share was computed by dividing net income by the weighted average number of common shares outstanding during the period. Diluted earnings per share reflects the potential dilution that could occur from the following items:

 

   

Convertible subordinated notes and contingently convertible notes where the effect of those securities is dilutive;

   

Dilutive stock options; and

   

Unvested restricted stock

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

Computations for basic and diluted earnings (loss) per share for the years ending December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 are as follows:

 

(in thousands, except per share amounts)    Net Income
(Numerator)
     Shares
(Denominator)
   Amount  

2007

        

Basic earnings per share:

        

Net income from continuing operations

     130,279        

Net income from discontinued operations, net of tax

     12,911        
                    

Total basic earnings

   $ 143,190      46,686    $ 3.07  
                    

Diluted earnings per share:

        

Dilutive stock options

          1,018   

ESPP

          5   

Unvested Restricted Stock

          216   

2% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023

     109      611   

1 1/2% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024

     38      38   
                

Net income from continuing operations plus assumed conversions

     130,426        

Net income from discontinued operations, net of tax

     12,911        
                    

Total diluted earnings

   $ 143,337      48,574    $ 2.95  
                      

Potentially dilutive securities not included above since they are antidilutive:

        

Antidilutive stock options

      3,158   

3 1/4% Convertible Subordinated Notes due 2025

      3,562   

2006

        

Basic earnings (loss) per share:

        

Net income from continuing operations

     75,759        

Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax

     (266,808 )      
                    

Total basic loss

   $ (191,049 )    51,393    $ (3.72 )
                    

Diluted earnings per share:

        

Dilutive stock options

          742   

Unvested Restricted Stock

          78   

2% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023

     380      452   

1 1/2% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024

     194      197   
                

Net income from continuing operations plus assumed conversions

     76,333        

Net loss from discontinued operations, net of tax

     (266,808 )      
                      

Total diluted loss

   $ (190,475 )    52,862    $ (3.60 )
                      

Potentially dilutive securities not included above since they are antidilutive:

        

Antidilutive stock options

      5,392   

3 1/4% Convertible Subordinated Notes due 2025

      3,562   

2005

        

Basic earnings per share:

        

Net income from continuing operations

     121,485        

Net income from discontinued operations, net of tax

     10,561        
                    

Total basic earnings

   $ 132,046      52,238    $ 2.53  
                    

Diluted earnings per share:

        

Dilutive stock options

          1,442   

Unvested restricted stock

          179   

2 1/4% Convertible Subordinated Notes due 2006

     6,872      4,706   

2% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023

     654      1,075   

1 1/2% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024

     369      374   
                

Net income from continuing operations plus assumed conversions

     129,380        

Net income from discontinued operations, net of tax

     10,561        
                    

Total diluted earnings

   $ 139,941      60,014    $ 2.33  
                      

Potentially dilutive securities not included above since they are antidilutive:

        

Antidilutive stock options

      1,937   

3 1/4% Convertible Subordinated Notes due 2025

      3,562   

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

Accumulated Other Comprehensive Income

 

Accumulated other comprehensive income includes unrealized gains and losses that are excluded from the Consolidated Statements of Operations and are reported as a separate component in stockholders’ equity. The unrealized gains and losses include foreign currency translation adjustments, unrealized gains or losses on available-for-sale investments, unrealized gains or losses on hedging of forecasted foreign currency cash flows and adjustments to the minimum pension liability, net of tax. The minimum pension liability adjustment represents the excess of the additional pension liability over the unrecognized prior service cost.

 

Accumulated other comprehensive income (loss) consists of the following at December 31,

 

(in thousands)    2007     2006  

Foreign currency translation adjustment, net of deferred taxes

   $ 129,315     $ 58,608  

Unrealized losses on investments, net of deferred taxes

     (11 )     (767 )

Unrealized gains on hedging transactions, net of deferred taxes

           314  

Transition adjustment upon adoption of FAS 158, net of deferred taxes

     (5,366 )     (5,366 )

Minimum pension liability adjustment, net of deferred taxes

     (11,484 )     (17,796 )
                
   $ 112,454     $ 34,993  
                

 

Reclassifications

 

Certain reclassifications of prior year amounts have been made to conform with the current year presentation. Additionally, the amortization of purchased intangibles has been reclassified into gross margin analysis in the current year to better reflect the Company’s business.

 

Recent Accounting Pronouncements

 

In December 2007, FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS) No. 160, Interests in Consolidated Financial Statements—an amendment of ARB No. 51, which impacts the accounting for minority interest in the consolidated financial statements of filers. The statement requires the reclassification of minority interest to the equity section of the balance sheet and the results from operations attributed to minority interest to be included in net income. The related minority interest impact on earnings would then be disclosed in the summary of other comprehensive income. The statement is applicable for all fiscal years beginning on or after December 15, 2008 and earlier adoption is prohibited. The adoption of this standard will require prospective treatment. The Company does not believe that the adoption of this statement will have a material impact on our financial statements.

 

In December 2007, FASB issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standard (SFAS) No. 141R, Business Combinations, which impacts the accounting for business combinations. The statement requires changes in the measurement of assets and liabilities required in favor of a fair value method consistent with the guidance provided in SFAS 157 (see below). Additionally, the statement requires a change in accounting for certain acquisition related expenses and business adjustments which no longer are considered part of the purchase price. Adoption of this standard is required for fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2008. Early adoption of this standard is not permitted. The statement requires prospective application for all acquisitions after the date of adoption. As a result, the adoption of the statement could have a material impact on the future operations of the company based on future acquisitions as well as the resolution of certain acquired tax items.

 

In August 2007, FASB issued for comment a proposed FASB Staff Position No. APB 14-a, Accounting for Convertible Debt Instruments that May be Settled in Cash upon Conversion (Including Partial Cash Settlement)

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

(“FSP APB 14-a”) that would significantly impact the accounting for convertible debt. The FSP would require cash settled convertible debt, such as our $1,150 million aggregate principal amount of convertible notes that are currently outstanding, to be separated into debt and equity components at issuance and a value to be assigned to each. The value assigned to the debt component would be the estimated fair value, as of the issuance date, of a similar bond without the conversion feature. The difference between the bond cash proceeds and this estimated fair value would be recorded as a debt discount and amortized to interest expense over the life of the bond. Although FSP APB 14-a would have no impact on our actual past or future cash flows, it would require us to record a significant amount of non-cash interest expense as the debt discount is amortized. As a result, there would be a material adverse impact on our results of operations and earnings per share. We are currently evaluating the impact on operations upon the adoption. In addition, if our convertible debt is redeemed or converted prior to maturity, any unamortized debt discount would result in a loss on extinguishment. FSP APB 14-a, if approved, will become effective January 1, 2009, and require retrospective application.

 

In February 2007, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards (SFAS) 159, The Fair Value Option for Financial Assets and Financial Liabilities, which allows entities to account for most financial instruments at fair value rather than under other applicable generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP), such as historical cost. The accounting results in the instrument being marked to fair value every reporting period with the gain/loss from a change in fair value recorded in the income statement. SFAS 159 is effective as of the beginning of an entity’s first fiscal year that begins after November 15, 2007. Early adoption is permitted as of the beginning of the previous fiscal year provided that the entity makes that choice in the first 120 days of that fiscal year and also elects to apply the provisions of FASB Statement No. 157, Fair Value Measurements. The Company does not believe that the adoption of this statement will have a material impact on our financial statements.

 

In September 2006, the FASB issued SFAS 157, Fair Value Measurements, which defines fair value, establishes a framework for measuring fair value and expands disclosures about fair value measurements. The provisions of SFAS 157 are effective as of the beginning of our 2008 fiscal year. The Company does not believe that the adoption of this statement will have a material impact on its financial condition.

 

In June 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48 (FIN 48), Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an interpretation of SFAS 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertain tax positions. FIN 48 prescribes a comprehensive model for how companies should recognize, measure, present and disclose in their financial statements uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Under FIN 48, tax benefits shall initially be recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions shall initially and subsequently be measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority, assuming full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. FIN 48 also revises disclosure requirements to include an annual tabular rollforward of unrecognized tax benefits. The provisions of this interpretation are required to be adopted for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2006. The Company adopted this provision beginning January 1, 2007. Net impact due to the adoption of FIN 48 was $1.5 million decrease to retained earnings.

 

2. BUSINESS COMBINATIONS

 

Acquisitions

 

During 2007 and 2006, the Company completed several acquisitions that were not material to the overall consolidated financial statements and the results of operations have been included in the accompanying consolidated financial statements from the respective dates of the acquisitions.

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

The Company completed two acquisitions in 2007 for the combined purchase price of $23.1 million. As a result of the acquisitions, the combined tangible net assets acquired was $2.6 million. The excess purchase price was determined to be $20.5 million of which $5.4 million has been allocated to identifiable intangible assets. These intangible assets are currently being amortized over a period of 5 to 7 years. The remainder of the purchase price, $15.1 million, has been allocated to goodwill. The Company is still in the process of analyzing any potential impact to the purchase price based on the assets acquired.

 

The Company completed an acquisition in 2006 for a purchase price of $15.1 million net cash. The purchase price exceeded the fair value of the acquired net assets by $15.8 million and, accordingly, $11.6 million was allocated to goodwill and $5.1 million was allocated to identifiable intangible assets amortized over 7 years. The Company recorded a deferred tax liability on the fair value of identifiable intangible assets of $0.9 million.

 

Business Consolidation Costs

 

The Company continues to integrate recent acquisitions into its operations and recorded approximately $5.6 million and $12.5 million in 2007 and 2006, respectively, related to these efforts. The expenses in 2007 and 2006 relate primarily to the severance and other costs associated with consolidation.

 

3. SEGMENT AND GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION

 

Segment Information

 

The Company has two reportable segments: BioDiscovery and Cell Systems (CS).

 

The BioDiscovery product segment includes molecular biology, cell biology and drug discovery product lines. Molecular biology encompasses products from the initial cloning and manipulation of DNA, to examining RNA levels and regulating gene expression in cells, to capturing, separating and analyzing proteins. These products include the research tools used in reagent and kit form that simplify and improve gene acquisition, gene cloning, gene expression and gene analysis techniques. This segment also includes a full range of enzymes, nucleic acids, other biochemicals and reagents. The Company also offers software that enables the analysis and interpretation of genomic, proteomic and other biomolecular data for application in pharmaceutical, therapeutic and diagnostic development.

 

The Cell Systems (CS) product segment includes all of our cell culture products and services business. Products include sera, growth factors, cell and tissue culture media used in both life sciences research and to produce biopharmaceuticals and other end products made through cultured cells. Cell Culture services include the creation of commercially viable stable cell lines and the optimization of production processes used for the production of therapeutic drugs.

 

The Company does not have intersegment revenues that are material to the overall consolidated financial statements. In addition, the Company does not currently segregate assets by segment as a majority of the Company’s total assets are shared or considered non-segment assets. As a result, the Company has determined it is not useful to assign its shared assets to individual segments.

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

Segment information for the years ended December 31, is as follows:

 

(dollars in thousands)    BioDiscovery     Cell
Systems
    Corporate
And
Unallocated(1)
    Total  

2007

        

Revenues from external customers

   $ 902,224     $ 379,523     $     $ 1,281,747  
                                

Gross profit

     633,056       187,701       (104,870 )     715,887  
                                

Gross margin

     70 %     50 %       56 %

Selling and administrative

     290,255       100,100       25,744       416,099  

Research and development

     97,219       14,524       4,090       115,833  

Business consolidation costs

                 5,635       5,635  
                                

Operating income (loss)

   $ 245,582     $ 73,077     $ (140,339 )   $ 178,320  
                                

Operating margin

     27 %     19 %       14 %

2006

        

Revenues from external customers

   $ 814,650     $ 336,525     $     $ 1,151,175  
                                

Gross profit

     552,411       173,286       (117,366 )     608,331  
                                

Gross margin

     68 %     52 %       53 %

Selling and administrative

     265,940       84,748       31,768       382,456  

Research and development

     89,743       10,439       4,161       104,343  

Business consolidation costs

                 12,540       12,540  
                                

Operating income (loss)

   $ 196,728     $ 78,099     $ (165,835 )   $ 108,992  
                                

Operating margin

     24 %     23 %       10 %

2005

        

Revenues from external customers

   $ 732,034     $ 347,103     $     $ 1,079,137  
                                

Gross profit

     515,295       174,415       (140,175 )     549,535  
                                

Gross margin

     70 %     50 %       51 %

Selling and administrative

     240,174       81,340       287       321,801  

Research and development

     86,507       10,384       860       97,751  

Business consolidation costs and in process research and development charge

                 17,511       17,511  
                                

Operating income (loss)

   $ 188,614     $ 82,691     $ (158,833 )   $ 112,472  
                                

Operating margin

     26 %     24 %       10 %

 

(1) Unallocated items for the year ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 include noncash charges for purchase accounting inventory revaluations of $0.5 million, $3.1 million, $30.0 million amortization of purchased intangibles of $98.7 million, $110.7 million and $110.4 million, amortization of deferred compensation of immaterial, $0.5 million, and $1.4 million, purchased in-process research and development costs of zero, zero and $17.0 million, business consolidation costs of $5.6 million, $12.6 million, and $0.5 million, and expenses related to share-based payments as a result of the adoption of Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payments,” of $35.5 million, $38.9 million, and zero, respectively. These items are not allocated by management for purposes of analyzing the operations since they are principally noncash or other costs resulting primarily from business restructuring or purchase accounting that are separate from ongoing operations.

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

Geographic Information

 

Information by geographic area for the years ended December 31, is as follows:

 

(in thousands)    2007    2006    2005

Product sales to unrelated customers located in(1):

        

Americas:

        

United States

   $ 580,956    $ 578,873    $ 527,121

Other Americas

     56,981      20,347      46,866
                    

Total Americas

     637,937      599,220      573,987
                    

Europe

     417,723      358,609      332,970

Asia Pacific

     179,617      147,430      142,281

Other Foreign

     6,519      4,187      4,437
                    

Total product revenue

     1,241,796      1,109,446      1,053,675

Total other revenue

     39,951      41,729      25,462
                    

Total revenue

   $ 1,281,747    $ 1,151,175    $ 1,079,137
                    

Net long-lived assets located in(2):

        

Americas:

        

United States

   $ 249,195    $ 213,798    $ 191,489

Other Americas

     1,328      667      754
                    

Total Americas

     250,523      214,465      192,243
                    

Europe:

        

United Kingdom

     26,993      23,856      18,871

Other Europe

     17,140      15,435      16,543
                    

Total Europe

     44,133      39,291      35,414
                    

Asia Pacific

     24,076      20,697      20,747

Other Foreign

     921      966      1,030
                    

Total net long-lived assets

   $ 319,653    $ 275,419    $ 249,434
                    

 

(1) Product revenue excludes royalty and other revenues since they are not allocated on a geographic basis.
(2) Net long-lived assets exclude intangible assets since they are not allocated on a geographic basis.

 

4. LINES OF CREDIT

 

As of December 31, 2007 and 2006, foreign subsidiaries in Australia, Brazil, China, Japan, New Zealand and Norway had available bank lines of credit denominated in local currency to meet short-term working capital requirements. The credit facilities bear interest at fixed rates, the respective bank’s prime rate, the London LIBOR rate, the Norwegian NIBOR rate and the Japan TIBOR rate. The weighted average interest rate of these lines of credit were 3.64% and 2.88% at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Under these lines of credit, the U.S. dollar equivalent of these facilities totaled $21.4 million and $16.5 million, of which $0.9 million and $1.4 million was outstanding at December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively. Additionally, the Company’s Japan subsidiary has issued $0.9 million in letter of credit to support its import duty. There are no parent company guarantees associated with these facilities.

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

On January 9, 2006, the Company entered into a syndicated $250.0 million senior secured credit facility (the Credit Facility) with Bank of America, N.A. Interest rates on outstanding borrowings are determined by reference to LIBOR or to an alternate base rate, with margins determined based on changes in the Company’s leverage ratio. Under the terms of the Credit Facility, the Company may request that the aggregate amount available be increased by $100.0 million of additional financing, subject to certain conditions having been met, including the availability of additional lender commitments. The Credit Facility contains various representations, warranties and affirmative, negative and financial covenants and conditions of default customary for financings of this type. The Company currently anticipates using the proceeds of the Credit Facility for the purpose of general working capital and capital expenditures and/or other capital needs as they may arise. The Credit Facility will terminate and all amounts outstanding under it will be due and payable in full on January 6, 2011. As of December 31, 2007, the available credit is $243.3 million as the Company has issued $6.7 million in letters of credit through the facility.

 

5. LONG-TERM DEBT

 

Long-term debt consists of the following at December 31:

 

(in thousands)    2007     2006  

3 1/4% Convertible Senior Notes (principal due 2025)

   $ 350,000     $ 350,000  

1 1/2% Convertible Senior Notes (principal due 2024)

     450,000       450,000  

2% Convertible Senior Notes (principal due 2023)

     350,000       350,000  

Capital leases

     12       1,018  

Other

     812       1,767  
                

Total debt

     1,150,824       1,152,785  

Less current portion

     (124 )     (1,961 )
                

Total Long-term debt

   $ 1,150,700     $ 1,150,824  
                

 

Maturities of the long-term debt listed above at December 31, 2007, are as follows:

 

(in thousands)    Gross
Maturities
   Imputed
Interest On
Minimum
Lease Payments
Under Capital
Leases
    Net Long-Term
Debt

Years Ending December 31,

       

2008

   $ 125    $ (1 )   $ 124

2009

     700            700

2010

               

2011

               

2012

               

Thereafter

     1,150,000            1,150,000
                     

Total

   $ 1,150,825    $ (1 )   $ 1,150,824
                     

 

Convertible Debt

 

On June 20, 2005, the Company sold 3 1/4% Convertible Senior Notes due 2025 (the 3 1/4% Notes) to certain qualified institutional investors at par value. Including the exercise of the over-allotment option, the total size of the offering was $350.0 million. After expenses, net proceeds to the Company were $343.0 million.

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

Interest is payable on the 3 1/4% Notes semi-annually in arrears beginning December 15, 2005. In addition to the coupon interest of 3.25%, additional interest of 0.225% of the market value of the 3 1/4% Notes may be required to be paid per six-month period beginning June 15, 2011, if the market value of the 3 1/4% Notes during a specified period is 120% or more of the 3 1/4% Notes’ principal value. The 3 1/4% Notes may be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the Company’s option on or after June 15, 2011, at 100% of the principal amount plus any accrued and unpaid interest. In addition, the holders of the 3 1/ 4% Notes may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of the 3 1/4% Notes for 100% of the principal amount, plus any accrued and unpaid interest, on June 15, 2011, 2015 and 2020 or upon the occurrence of certain fundamental changes. Prepayment of amounts due under the 3 1/4% Notes will be accelerated in the event of bankruptcy or insolvency and may be accelerated by the trustee or holders of 25% of the 3 1/4% Notes’ principal value upon default of payment of principal or interest when due for over thirty days, the Company’s default on its conversion or repurchase obligations, failure of the Company to comply with any of its other agreements in the 3 1/4% Notes or indenture, or upon cross-default by the Company or a significant subsidiary for failure to make a payment at maturity or the acceleration of other debt of the Company or a significant subsidiary, in either case exceeding $50.0 million.

 

The terms of the 3 1/4% Notes require the Company to settle the par value of the 3 1/4% Notes in cash and deliver shares only for the differential between the stock price on the date of conversion and the base conversion price (initially $98.25 per share).

 

In February 2004 and August 2003, the Company issued $450.0 million principal amount of 1 1/2% Convertible Senior Notes (the Old 1 1/2% Notes) due February 15, 2024 and $350.0 million principal amount of 2% Convertible Senior Notes (the Old 2% Notes) due August 1, 2023 to certain qualified institutional buyers, respectively. After expenses, the Company received net proceeds of $440.1 million and $340.7 million for the Old 1 1/2% Notes and Old 2% Notes, respectively. Interest on the Old Notes was payable semi-annually on February 15th and 1st and August 15th and 1st, for the Old 1 1/2% Notes and the Old 2% Notes, respectively. In addition to the coupon interest of 1 1/2% and 2%, additional interest of 0.35% of the market value of the Old Notes may have been required to be paid beginning February 15, 2012 and August 1, 2010, if the market value of the Old Notes during specified testing periods was 120% or more of the principle value, for the Old 1 1/2% Notes and the Old 2% Notes, respectively. This contingent interest feature was an embedded derivative with a de minimis value, to which no value had been assigned at issuance of either of the Old Notes or as of December 31, 2006 and 2005. The Old Notes were issued at 100% of principal value, and were convertible shares of common stock at the option of the holder, subject to certain conditions described below, at a price of $102.03 and $68.24 per share for the Old 1 1/2% Notes and Old 2% Notes, respectively. The Old Notes were to be redeemed, in whole or in part, at the Company’s option on or after February 15, 2012 (for the Old 1 1/2% Notes) and August 1, 2010 (for the Old 2% Notes) at 100% of the principal amount. In addition, the holders of the Old Notes may require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of the Old Notes for 100% of the principal amount, plus accrued interest, on three separate dates per their issuance agreement.

 

The Old Notes also contained restricted convertibility features that did not affect the conversion price of the notes but, instead, placed restrictions on the holder’s ability to convert their notes into shares of the Company’s common stock (conversion shares). Holders were able to convert their Old Notes into shares of the Company’s common stock prior to stated maturity.

 

During December 2004, the Company offered up to $350.0 million aggregate principal amount of 2% Convertible Senior Notes due 2023 (the New 2% Notes) in a non-cash exchange for any and all outstanding Old 2% Notes, that were validly tendered on that date. Approximately 83% or $290.8 million of the Old 2% Notes was exchanged by their holders for New 2% Notes. In 2005 and 2006, the Company completed the additional exchange of approximately $49.2 million of the Old 2% Notes with their holders for the New 2% Notes.

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

During December 2004, the Company offered up to $450.0 million aggregate principal amount of 1 1/2% Convertible Senior Notes due 2024 (the New 1 1/2% Notes) in a non-cash exchange for any and all outstanding Old 1 1/2% Notes, that were validly tendered on that date. Approximately 91% or $412.1 million of the Old 1 1/2% Notes were exchanged by their holders for New 1  1/2% Notes. In 2005 and 2006, the Company completed the additional exchange of approximately $34.0 million of the Old 1 1/2% Notes with their holders for the New 1 1/2% Notes.

 

The New 2% Notes and New 1 1/2% Notes (collectively the New Notes) carry the same rights and attributes as the Old 2% Notes and Old 1 1/2% Notes (collectively the Old Notes) except for the following: the terms of the New Notes require the Company to settle the par value of such notes in cash and deliver shares only for the differential between the stock price on the date of conversion and the base conversion price (initially approximately $68.24 for New 2% Notes and $102.03 for the New 1 1/2% Notes). As such, EITF 90-19 and 04-8 required the Company to use the treasury stock equivalent method to calculate diluted earnings per share, as if the New Notes were outstanding since date of issuance, the date the Old Notes were issued.

 

In December 2001, the Company issued $500.0 million principal amount of 2 1/4% Convertible Subordinated Notes (the 2 1/4% Notes) due December 15, 2006 to certain qualified institutional buyers. After expenses, the Company received net proceeds of $487.1 million. Interest on the 2 1/4% Notes is payable semi-annually on June 15th and December 15th. The 2 1/4% Notes were issued at 100% of principal value, and are convertible into 5.8 million shares of common stock at the option of the holder at any time at a price of $86.10 per share.

 

Costs incurred to issue the convertible notes totaled $7.6 million for the 3 1/4% Notes, $9.3 million for the Old 1 1/ 2% Notes, $9.3 million for the Old 2% Notes and $13.0 million for the 2 1/4% Notes. Finance costs (excluding legal and accounting fees) incurred to conduct the exchange of the Old Notes totaled $1.8 million ($0.8 million related to the Old 2% Notes and $1.0 million related to the Old 1 1/2% Notes). These costs have been deferred and included in other assets in the Consolidated Balance Sheets and amortized over the terms of the respective debt using the effective interest method. At December 31, 2007 and 2006, the unamortized balances of the issuance costs were $24.6 million and $27.4 million, respectively.

 

The 2 1/4% Notes are subordinate to substantially all of the current and future outstanding debt of the Company, including all of its secured debt and all debts and liabilities of our subsidiaries. The 2 1/4% Notes are not subordinate to amounts the Company owes for employee compensation, goods or services purchased or to amounts the Company may owe to its subsidiaries.

 

In the event of a change of control of the Company, the holders of the 3 1/4% Notes, Old Notes, New Notes and the 2 1/ 4% Notes each have the right to require the Company to repurchase all or a portion of their notes at a purchase price equal to 100% of the principal amount of the notes plus all accrued and unpaid interest.

 

Repurchase and Redemption of Convertible Debt

 

During the year ended December 31, 2006, the Company repurchased $55.1 million of its 2 1/4% convertible subordinated notes due December 15, 2006, in the open market, for less than par value. The Company retired the remaining $176.8 million of the 2 1/4% Notes for an amount equal to their par value at maturity on December 15, 2006.

 

During the year ended December 31, 2005, the Company used a portion of the proceeds from the issuance of the 3 1/4% Notes to repurchase $268.0 million of its 2 1/4% Convertible Subordinated Notes due 2006, for less than par value. The Company recorded a gain of $3.7 million on the repurchase and a loss of $4.8 million related to the write-off of unamortized deferred financing costs during the year ended December 31, 2005.

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

6. COMMITMENTS AND CONTINGENCIES

 

Operating Leases

 

The Company leases certain equipment and office and manufacturing facilities under operating leases, which expire through December 2048. Certain rental commitments provide for escalating rental payments and certain commitments have renewal options extending through various years. Rent expense under operating leases was $22.1 million, $19.2 million and $21.9 million for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Sublease income totaled $2.2 million, $1.8 million and $1.0 million for the years ending December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively.

 

Future minimum lease commitments and sublease rentals for operating leases at December 31, 2007 are as follows:

 

(in thousands)

   Lease
Commitments
   Sublease
Rentals
   Net

Years Ending December 31,

        

2008

   $ 20,723    $ 1,369    $ 19,354

2009

     17,468      1,693      15,775

2010

     13,637      1,258      12,379

2011

     11,209      619      10,590

2012

     10,647      532      10,115

Thereafter

     57,262           57,262
                    
   $ 130,946    $ 5,471    $ 125,475
                    

 

In connection with its acquisition of InforMax in December 2002, BioReliance in February 2004 and Caltag in May 2005, the Company recorded unfavorable lease liabilities associated with its remaining leases, which are incorporated into the schedule above. Total unfavorable lease liability for InforMax at December 31, 2007 and 2006 was $1.0 million and $1.0 million, including $0.5 million and $0.7 million classified in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and $0.5 million and $0.3 million classified in long-term obligations, deferred credits and reserves on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively. Total unfavorable lease liability for BioReliance at December 31, 2007 and 2006 was $0.2 million and $0.8 million, including $0.1 million and $0.2 million classified in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and $0.1 million and $0.6 million classified in long-term obligations, deferred credits and reserves on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively. Total unfavorable lease liability for Caltag at December 31, 2007 and 2006 was $0.1 million and $0.2 million, including zero and $0.1 million classified in accrued expenses and other current liabilities and $0.1 million and $0.1 million classified in long-term obligations, deferred credits and reserves on the Consolidated Balance Sheets, respectively.

 

Licensing and Purchasing Agreements

 

The Company develops, manufactures and sells certain products under several licensing and purchasing agreements. The licensing agreements require royalty payments based upon various percentages of sales or profits from the products. Terms of the licensing agreements generally range from the remaining life of the patent up to twenty years and initial costs are amortized over periods from seven to ten years, not to exceed their terms, using the straight-line method. Total royalty expense under agreements were $32.5 million, $27.7 million and $30.8 million for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. The Company also has purchase agreements, which expire on various dates through 2010, under which it is obligated to purchase a minimum amount of raw materials and finished goods each year through the expiration of the contracts and certain capital expenditure commitments. Purchases under these contracts and capital commitments totaled $15.0 million in 2007, $3.3 million in 2006 and $6.4 million in 2005.

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

To maintain exclusivity, certain of the licensing agreements require guaranteed minimum annual royalty payments. Future minimum guaranteed royalties and unconditional purchase obligations at December 31, 2007 are as follows:

 

(in thousands)     

Years Ending December 31,

2008

   $ 33,244

2009

     28,902

2010

     17,676

2011

     14,219

2012

     17,857

Thereafter

     4,096
      
   $ 115,994
      

 

Letters of Credit

 

The Company had outstanding letters of credit totaling $7.6 million at December 31, 2007, of which $5.0 million was to support liabilities associated with the Company’s self-insured worker’s compensation programs, $1.7 million was to support its building lease requirements and $0.9 million was to support duty on imported products. These liabilities are reflected in other current liabilities and long-term deferred credits and reserves in the Consolidated Balance Sheets at December 31, 2007.

 

Executive Employment Agreements

 

The Company has employment contracts with key executives that provide for the continuation of salary if terminated for reasons other than cause, as defined in those agreements. At December 31, 2007, future employment contract commitments for such key executives were approximately $15.9 million for the fiscal year ending December 31, 2008.

 

Contingent Acquisition Obligations

 

Pursuant to the purchase agreements for certain prior year acquisitions, we could be required to make additional contingent cash payments based on the achievement of certain operating results of the acquired companies. Payments of $5.0 million could be required of the Company based upon the achievement of certain development milestones through July 2009. As a result of an acquisition in 2007, the Company may have additional payment obligations based on a percentage of future sales of certain products and services, however, such amount could not be reasonably estimated as of December 31, 2007.

 

In 2007, $2.0 million of contingent payments were earned and paid, respectively, for the achievement of operating results. In 2006, $8.4 million and $21.9 million of contingent payments have been earned and paid, respectively, for research and development milestones; and no contingent payments have been earned or paid for operating results. During the years ended December 31 2007 and 2006, $51.5 million and $35.0 million, respectively, of contingent payments for operating results have expired. The payments have been accounted for as an addition to the purchase price of the acquired company.

 

In addition, the purchase agreement for one of the prior years and one of the current year acquisitions may require the Company to make additional contingent cash payments based on percentages of future gross sales of the acquired company through 2010. The purchase agreements do not limit the payment to a maximum amount. The Company will account for any such contingent payments as an addition to the purchase price of the acquired company. No contingent payments have been earned as of December 31, 2007.

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

Environmental Liabilities

 

The Company assumed certain environmental exposures as a result of the merger with Dexter Corporation in 2000 and recorded reserves to cover estimated environmental clean-up costs. The environmental reserves, which are not discounted, were $7.2 million at December 31, 2007, and include current reserves of $0.8 million, which are estimated to be paid during the next year, and long-term reserves of $6.4 million. In addition, the Company has an insurance policy to cover these assumed environmental exposures. Based upon currently available information, the Company believes that it has adequately provided for these environmental exposures and that the outcome of these matters will not have a material adverse effect on its consolidated results of operations.

 

Intellectual Properties

 

The Company is involved in various claims and legal proceedings of a nature considered normal to its business, including protection of its owned and licensed intellectual property. The Company accrues for such contingencies when it is probable that a liability is incurred and the amount can be reasonably estimated. These accruals are adjusted periodically as assessments change or additional information becomes available. Specific contingent liabilities for royalty obligations related to acquired businesses have been recorded on the Company’s consolidated financial statements at December 31, 2007.

 

Litigation

 

The Company is subject to other potential liabilities under government regulations and various claims and legal actions that are pending or may be asserted. These matters have arisen in the ordinary course and conduct of the Company’s business, as well as through acquisitions and some are expected to be covered, at least partly, by insurance. Claim estimates that are probable and can be reasonably estimated are reflected as liabilities of the Company. The ultimate resolution of these matters is subject to many uncertainties. It is reasonably possible that some of the matters, which are pending or may be asserted, could be decided unfavorably to the Company. Although the amount of liability at December 31, 2007, with respect to these matters cannot be ascertained, the Company believes that any resulting liability should not materially affect the Company’s consolidated financial statements.

 

7. INCOME TAXES

 

The differences between the U.S. federal statutory tax rate and the Company’s effective tax rate are as follows for the years ended December 31:

 

     2007     2006     2005  

Statutory U.S. federal income tax rate

   35.0 %   35.0 %   35.0 %

State income tax

   1.7     1.2     2.4  

Foreign earnings taxed at non-U.S. rates

   (7.4 )   (11.1 )   (5.0 )

Repatriation of other foreign earnings, net of related benefits

   (1.5 )   4.3     (11.1 )

Credits and incentives

   (3.2 )   (6.2 )   (4.3 )

Non-deductible compensation & other adjustments

   1.1     5.2     3.2  

Other

   1.4     (1.2 )   3.7  
                  

Effective income tax rate

   27.1 %   27.2 %   23.9 %
                  

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

Pretax income summarized by region for the years ended December 31 is as follows:

 

     2007    2006    2005
(in thousands)               

United States

   $ 87,923    $ 25,500    $ 110,995

Foreign

     90,723      78,563      48,540
                    

Total pretax income (loss)

   $ 178,646    $ 104,063    $ 159,535
                    

 

The income tax provision (benefit) consists of the following for the years ended December 31:

 

     2007     2006     2005  
(in thousands)                   

Current:

      

Federal

   $ 48,820     $ 28,494     $ 61,798  

State

     6,375       3,009       6,888  

Foreign

     18,361       24,501       24,617  
                        

Total current provision

     73,556       56,004       93,303  
                        

Deferred:

      

Federal

     (20,524 )     (16,197 )     (41,347 )

State

     (3,760 )     (3,820 )     (2,033 )

Foreign

     (905 )     (7,683 )     (11,873 )
                        

Total deferred benefit

     (25,189 )     (27,700 )     (55,253 )
                        

Total provision

   $ 48,367     $ 28,304     $ 38,050  
                        

 

Significant components of the Company’s deferred tax assets and liabilities are composed of the following at December 31:

 

     2007     2006  
(in thousands)             

Deferred tax assets:

    

Tax loss and other carryforwards

   $ 41,810     $ 23,646  

Inventory adjustments

     14,240       20,351  

Accruals and reserves

     30,515       25,437  

Postretirement obligations

     30,665       24,974  

Fixed assets

     8,297       3,721  

Other comprehensive income

     4,076       5,075  
                

Total gross deferred tax assets

     129,603       103,204  

Less valuation allowance

     (25,560 )     (7,834 )
                

Total net deferred tax assets

     104,043       95,370  

Deferred tax liabilities:

    

Acquired intangibles

     (52,178 )     (88,883 )

Convertible debt

     (80,107 )     (57,034 )
                

Total deferred tax liabilities

     (132,285 )     (145,917 )
                

Net deferred tax liabilities

   $ (28,242 )   $ (50,547 )
                

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

In June 2006, the FASB issued Interpretation No. 48 (FIN 48), Accounting for Uncertainty in Income Taxes, an interpretation of SFAS 109, Accounting for Income Taxes. FIN 48 clarifies the accounting for uncertain tax positions. FIN 48 prescribes a comprehensive model for how companies should recognize, measure, present and disclose in their financial statements uncertain tax positions taken or expected to be taken on a tax return. Under FIN 48, tax benefits shall initially be recognized in the financial statements when it is more likely than not the position will be sustained upon examination by the tax authorities. Such tax positions shall initially and subsequently be measured as the largest amount of tax benefit that is greater than 50% likely of being realized upon ultimate settlement with the tax authority, assuming full knowledge of the position and all relevant facts. FIN 48 also revises disclosure requirements to include an annual tabular rollforward of unrecognized tax benefits. The provisions of this interpretation are required to be adopted for fiscal periods beginning after December 15, 2006. The Company adopted this provision beginning January 1, 2007. Net impact due to the adoption of FIN 48 was $1.5 million decrease to retained earnings.

 

The following table summarizes the activity related to our unrecognized tax benefits:

 

(in thousands)       

Gross unrecognized tax benefits at January 1, 2007

   $ 22,707  

Increases in tax positions for prior years

     1,509  

Decreases in tax positions for prior years

     (2,442 )

Increases in tax positions for current year

     7,691  

Decreases in tax positions for current year

     (1,681 )
        

Gross unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2007

   $ 27,784  
        

 

Of the $27.8 million in unrecognized tax benefits at December 31, 2007, $25.3 million of which would reduce our income tax expense and effective tax rate, if recognized. In conjunction with the adoption of FIN48, the Company has classified uncertain tax positions as non-current income tax liabilities unless expected to be paid in one year. The Company’s continuing practice is to recognize interest and/or penalties related to income tax matters in income tax expense. As of December 31 and January 1, 2007, the total amount of accrued income tax-related interest and penalties included in the consolidated statements of operations was $2.7 million and $1.8 million, respectively.

 

The Company is subject to routine compliance reviews on various tax matters around the world in the ordinary course of business. Currently, audits are occurring in the United States, Japan, Norway and Germany. The United States audit cycle for the consolidated income tax returns for the year ended 2004 is expected to be completed in 2008. After the 2004 audit cycle, the remaining years subject to examinations are 2005, 2006 and 2007.

 

During 2008, global audit resolutions could potentially reduce unrecognized tax benefits up to $4.4 million, either because tax positions are sustained or the Company agrees to the audit disallowance, depending on the outcomes of ongoing examinations.

 

Income taxes have not been provided on approximately $228.6 million of undistributed earnings of foreign subsidiaries at December 31, 2007. The Company only remits current earnings that can be repatriated without a material impact on the provision for income taxes and are considered to be in excess of the reasonably anticipated working capital needs of the foreign subsidiaries. Any remaining undistributed earnings are considered permanently invested in the operations of such subsidiaries. It is not practical to determine the amount of income tax payable in the event we repatriated all undistributed foreign earnings.

 

The tax benefit associated with employee stock plans are estimated to reduce taxes payable by $20.2 million, $3.1 million and $19.7 million for 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. These benefits have been

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

reflected as additional paid-in-capital in the accompanying Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity, except for certain 2007 and 2006 stock awards. On January 1, 2006 the Company adopted SFAS 123R. Under SFAS 123R all share-based compensation is required to be recognized as an expense, and the tax benefit associated with such compensation will continue to be credited to additional paid-in-capital, but only to the extent the tax benefits has not already been recognized in the Statement of Operations.

 

At December 31, 2007, the Company had $18.9 million and $31.0 million of federal and state net operating losses (NOL) carryforwards, respectively. These net operating losses come from acquisitions made in prior years. It is not more likely than not that the Company can fully realize certain states’ NOL’s. There were also federal and state tax credit carryforwards of $3.3 million. The federal and state NOL carryforwards begin to expire in 2019 and 2014, respectively. The tax credit carryforwards expire in 2012.

 

The valuation allowance recorded against the Company’s deferred tax assets increased by $17.7 million in 2007. The increase is primarily due to the inability to utilize the capital loss incurred as a result of the sale of BioReliance, Inc.

 

The Company decided to pursue a bilateral Advanced Pricing Agreement (“APA”) between the U.S. and Japan in 2005. The intention of the APA process is to help the company avoid double-taxation on intercompany sales between the U.S. and its related Japanese subsidiary. The expected outcome of the APA process will be to significantly mitigate tax risks associated with certain transfer pricing issues. The APA process was on-going at the end of 2007. In February 2008, the APA process was concluded and the Company signed an agreement with the IRS and Japan. This agreement will result in an estimated tax benefit of approximately $3.5 million to the Company.

 

8. COMMON STOCK, PREFERRED STOCK AND PREFERRED STOCK PURCHASE RIGHTS PLAN

 

Common Stock Authorized Shares

 

The Company has authorized 200 million shares of common stock.

 

Preferred Stock Authorized Shares

 

The Company has authorized 6,405,884 shares of preferred stock of which no shares were outstanding at December 31, 2007 and 2006. Upon issuance, the Company has the ability to define the terms of the preferred shares, including voting rights, liquidation preferences, conversion and redemption provisions and dividend rates.

 

Preferred Stock Purchase Rights Plan

 

The Company has a Preferred Stock Purchase Rights Plan under which stockholders received one “right” to purchase one one-hundredth of a share of Series B Preferred Stock for each outstanding share of common stock held of record at the close of business on March 30, 2001. The rights, which will initially trade with the common stock, become exercisable to purchase one one-hundredth of a share of Series B Preferred Stock, at $250.00 per right, when a person acquires 15% or more of the Company’s common stock or announces a tender offer which could result in such person owning 15% or more of the common stock. Each one one-hundredth of a share of Series B Preferred Stock has terms designed to make it substantially the economic equivalent of one share of common stock. Prior to a person acquiring 15%, the rights can be redeemed for $0.001 each by action of the Board of Directors. Under certain circumstances, if a person acquires 15% or more of the common stock, the rights permit the Company stockholders other than the acquirer to purchase the Company’s common stock

 

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AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

having a market value of twice the exercise price of the rights, in lieu of the Series B Preferred Stock. In addition, in the event of certain business combinations, the rights permit purchase of the common stock of an acquirer at a 50% discount. Rights held by the acquirer will become null and void in both cases. The rights expire on April 1, 2011. The rights distribution will not be taxable to stockholders.

 

Stock Repurchase Program

 

In August 2006, the Company’s Board of Directors authorized a $500 million share repurchase program of the Company’s common stock. During the year ended December 31, 2007, under the 2006 plan the Company repurchased 2.2 million shares, respectively, at a total cost of approximately $150.0 million. The cost of repurchased shares are included in treasury stock and reported as a reduction in stockholders’ equity. As of December 31, 2007, management has completed stock repurchases up to this $500 million authorization.

 

In July 2007, the Board approved a program authorizing management to repurchase up to $500 million of common stock over the next three years. Under the 2007 plan, the Company repurchased 1.5 million shares at a total cost of approximately $135.0 million during the year ended December 31, 2007. The cost of repurchased shares are included in treasury stock and reported as a reduction in stockholders’ equity.

 

9. EMPLOYEE BENEFIT PLANS

 

401(k) Profit Sharing Plans

 

The Company’s 401(k) Savings and Investment Plan allows each eligible employee to voluntarily make pre-tax deferred salary contributions subject to regulatory and plan limitations. The Company may make matching contributions in amounts as determined by the Board of Directors. The Company made matching contributions of $4.6 million, $4.7 million and $4.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively, to this plan.

 

Pension Plans

 

Effective December 31, 2006, the Company adopted SFAS No. 158, “Employers’ Accounting for Defined Benefit Pension and Other Postretirement Plans.” Under SFAS No. 158, The Company is required to recognize the overfunded or underfunded status of a defined benefit pension and other postretirement plan as an asset or liability in its Consolidated Balance Sheets and to recognize changes in that funded status in the year in which the changes occur through other comprehensive income. SFAS No. 158 also requires the measurement of the funded status of a plan as of the date of its year-end statement of financial position. The Company’s existing policy required us to measure the funded status of our plans as of the balance sheet date; accordingly, the new measurement date requirements of SFAS No. 158 had no impact.

 

The Company has a qualified pension plan (“defined benefit”) for substantially all United States employees that were employed by Life Technologies prior to its acquisition by the Company in September 2000. The Company’s policy is to deposit with an independent trustee amounts as are necessary on an actuarial basis to provide for benefits in accordance with the requirements of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act and any other applicable Federal laws and regulations. The U.S. pension plan provides benefits that are generally based upon a percentage of the employee’s highest average compensation in any consecutive five-year period in the ten years before retirement. The Company froze this plan effective December 31, 2001. The Company will continue to administer the plan but benefits will no longer accrue.

 

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AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

The Company also sponsors nonqualified supplementary retirement plans for certain former senior management of Life Technologies and Dexter, which were acquired in 2000. The Company has life insurance policies on the lives of participants designed to provide sufficient funds to recover all costs of the plans. In addition to the above plans, the Company sponsors nonqualified executive supplemental plans for certain former Dexter and Life Technologies senior managers that provide for a target benefit based upon a percentage of the average annual compensation during the highest five consecutive years of the last ten years before retirement, which benefit is then offset by other work related benefits payable to the participant. The Life Technologies plan is unfunded and funding for the Dexter plan is provided for through a Rabbi Trust.

 

The Company also administers the Dexter Postretirement Health and Benefit Program (the Dexter PRMB Plan), which provides benefits to certain participants who are not employees of the Company but were employees of Dexter prior to the sale of their businesses and prior to the Company’s merger with Dexter.

 

In 2005, the Company assumed one defined benefit plan (the Norway Plan) in conjunction with its acquisition of Dynal. The Norway Plan is currently active and open to new employees and provides benefits based upon the employee’s highest average base compensation and number of years of service. For the year ended December 31, 2005, the addition of the Norway Plan increased the Company’s net periodic pension cost by $1.6 million.

 

The retirement benefits for most employees of non-U.S. operations are generally provided by government sponsored or insured programs and, in certain countries, by defined benefit plans. The Company has defined benefit plans for United Kingdom (U.K.) and Japan employees. The Company’s policy with respect to its U.K. pension plan is to fund amounts as are necessary on an actuarial basis to provide for benefits under the pension plan in accordance with local laws and income tax regulations. The U.K. pension plan provides benefits based upon the employee’s highest average base compensation over three consecutive years. The Japan pension plan provides benefits based upon the employee’s average base compensation and is an unfunded plan. The U.K. pension plan was frozen as of September 30, 2007 to additional members and for accruing additional benefits for current participants of the plan.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

The funded status of the Company’s pension plans and amounts recognized at December 31, 2007 and 2006 were as follows:

 

     Domestic Plans     Foreign Plans  
(in thousands)    2007     2006     2007     2006  

Change in Benefit Obligation:

        

Benefit obligation at beginning of year

     58,330     $ 59,383     $ 67,717     $ 54,285  

Service cost

     80       79       4,105       3,158  

Interest cost

     3,370       3,339       3,284       3,462  

Plan participants’ contributions

     134       127       421       475  

Actuarial gain

     (2,885 )     (2,096 )     (2,373 )     (153 )

Acquisition

                        

Curtailment gain

                 (3,337 )      

Benefits paid

     (2,482 )     (2,502 )     (50 )     (44 )

Settlements

                 (1,778 )     (577 )

Foreign currency exchange rate changes

                 2,922       7,111  
                                

Benefit obligation at end of year

     56,547       58,330       70,911       67,717  
                                

Change in Plan Assets:

        

Fair value of plan assets at beginning of year

     52,115       46,032       38,526       29,895  

Actual return on plan assets

     3,676       6,724       3,705       1,179  

Acquisition

                        

Employer contributions

     1,004       1,662       7,990       3,431  

Plan participants’ contributions

                 421       475  

Benefits and administrative expenses paid

     (2,192 )     (2,304 )     (50 )     (44 )

Settlements

                 (1,778 )     (577 )

Foreign currency exchange rate changes

                 1,685       4,167  
                                

Fair value of plan assets at end of year

     54,603       52,114       50,499       38,526  
                                

Funded status

     (1,944 )     (6,216 )     (20,412 )     (29,191 )

Unrecognized actuarial loss

     15,561       18,842       10,096       16,271  

Unrecognized prior service cost

     1,486       1,726              
                                

Net amount recognized

   $ 15,103     $ 14,352       (10,316 )   $ (12,920 )
                                

Amounts Recognized in the Consolidated Balance Sheets Consist of:

        

Prepaid benefit cost

   $ 7,314     $ 3,984     $     $  

Current liabilities

     (938 )     (868 )     (73 )     (79 )

Noncurrent liabilities

     (8,320 )     (9,332 )     (20,339 )     (29,112 )

Accumulated other comprehensive loss

     17,047       20,568       10,096       16,271  
                                

Net amount recognized

   $ 15,103     $ 14,352       (10,316 )   $ (12,920 )
                                

 

The amounts recognized in accumulated other comprehensive income at December 31, 2007 is as follows:

 

     Domestic Plans    Foreign Plans
(in thousands)          

Net actuarial loss

   $ 15,561    $ 10,096

Net prior service cost

     1,486     
             

Accumulated other comprehensive income

   $ 17,047    $ 10,096
             

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

The weighted average assumptions used in accounting for the pension plans for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 are as follows:

 

     Domestic Plans    Foreign Plans
     2007    2006    2007    2006

Discount rate

   5.75-6.25%    5.50%-5.75%    2.00%-4.90%    2.00%-5.00%

Expected return on plan assets

   8.25%    8.25%    5.30%-7.00%    6.00%-8.00%

Rate of compensation increase

         4.00%-5.00%    3.50%-5.00%

 

The Company uses an actuarial measurement date of January 1 of the current year to determine pension and other postretirement benefit measurements as of December 31 of the current year. The discount rate is the estimated rate at which the obligation for pension benefits could effectively be settled. The expected return on plan assets reflects the average rate of earnings that the Company estimates will be generated on the assets of the plans. The rate of compensation increase reflects the Company’s best estimate of the future compensation levels of the individual employees covered by the plans. When calculating pension expense for 2007, the Company assumed that its plan’s assets would generate a long-term rate of return of 5.30%-8.25%. The Company develops its expected long-term rate of return assumption based on historical experience and by evaluating input from the trustee managing the plan assets, including the trustee’s review of asset class return expectations by several consultants and economists as well as long-term inflation assumptions. The Company’s expected long-term rate of return on plan assets is based on a target allocation of assets that was set so as to earn the highest rate of return while maintaining risk at acceptable levels. The plan strives to have assets sufficiently diversified so that adverse or unexpected results from one security class will not have an unduly detrimental impact on the entire portfolio.

 

The assumed health care cost trend rates on the Dexter PRMB Plan at December 31, 2007 are as follows:

 

     Medical     Dental  

Health care cost trend rate assumed for next year

   9.00 %   5.00 %

Rate to which the cost trend rate is assumed to decline

   5.00 %   5.00 %

Year that the rate reaches the ultimate trend rate

   2013      

 

Assumed health care cost trend rates have a significant effect on the amounts reported for the Dexter PRMB Plan. A one-percentage point change in assumed health care cost trend rates would have the following effects:

 

     1% increase    1% decrease  
(in thousands)            

Effect on interest cost plus service cost

   $ 23    $ (20 )

Effect on postretirement benefit obligation

     383      (337 )

 

The components of net periodic pension cost for the Company’s pension plans for the years ended December 31 are as follows:

 

     Domestic Plans  
(in thousands)    2007     2006     2005  

Service cost

   $ 80     $ 79     $ 79  

Interest cost

     3,370       3,339       3,284  

Expected return on plan assets

     (4,239 )     (3,787 )     (5,325 )

Amortization of prior service cost

     239       239       239  

Amortization of actuarial loss

     960       1,504       1,553  
                        

Net periodic pension cost (income)

   $ 410     $ 1,374     $ (170 )
                        

 

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AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

     Foreign Plans  
(in thousands)    2007     2006     2005  

Service cost

   4,105     $ 4,383     $ 4,023  

Interest cost

   3,284       2,764       2,548  

Expected return on plan assets

   (2,684 )     (2,488 )     (2,126 )

Amortization of actuarial loss

   454       605       620  

Settlement cost

   (167 )            

Curtailment credit

   (491 )            
                      

Net periodic pension cost

   4,501     $ 5,264     $ 5,065  
                      

 

The Dexter PRMB Plan is a frozen plan. Net periodic pension income (cost) for this plan was $(0.5) million, $(0.7) million and $1.0 million for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Net periodic pension income (cost) for this plan is included in other income, net, in the Consolidated Statements of Operations.

 

The projected benefit obligations, accumulated benefit obligations and fair values of plan assets for the pension plans with accumulated benefit obligations in excess of plan assets at December 31 were as follows:

 

     Domestic Plans    Foreign Plans
(in thousands)    2007    2006    2007    2006

Projected benefit obligation

   $ 9,258    $ 10,200    70,911    $ 67,717

Accumulated benefit obligation

     9,258      10,200    63,917      56,202

Fair value of plan assets

             50,499      38,526

 

The weighted average asset allocations at December 31, by asset category, for the Company’s domestic funded plans are as follows:

 

     Domestic Plan     Dexter PRMB Plan  
     2007     2006     2007     2006  

Equity securities

   68 %   72 %   67 %   72 %

Debt securities

   32 %   28 %   33 %   28 %
                        

Total

   100 %   100 %   100 %   100 %
                        

 

The weighted average asset allocations at December 31, by asset category, for the Company’s foreign funded plans are as follows:

 

     Foreign Pension Plans(1)  
     2007     2006  

Debt securities

   46 %   50 %

Equity securities

   42 %   38 %

Real estate securities

   2 %   10 %

Other

   10 %   2 %
            

Total

   100 %   100 %
            

 

(1) Foreign funded plans include the UK and Norway pension plans for 2007 and 2006.

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

Plan assets are invested using active investment strategies that employ multiple investment funds. Funds cover a range of investment styles and approaches and are combined in a way to achieve a target allocation across capitalization and style biases (equities) and interest rate expectations (fixed income). Risk is controlled through diversification among multiple asset classes, fund managers, styles and securities. The Company’s management and an investment advisor monitor performance against benchmark indices.

 

Benefit payments are expected to be paid as follows:

 

(in thousands)    Domestic
Plans
   Foreign
Plans

Years Ending December 31,

     

2008

   $ 2,346    $ 4,780

2009

     2,510      1,586

2010

     2,646      424

2011

     2,728      3,165

2012

     2,878      7,855

Thereafter

     16,971      14,490
             

Total

   $ 30,079    $ 32,300
             

 

The Company’s policy is to fund its benefit plans in accordance with applicable Internal Revenue Service laws and requirements.

 

Contributions to the Company’s benefit plans, with the exception of the Life Technologies Pension Plan and Dexter PRMB Plan, are expected to be $9.2 million for the year ended December 31, 2008. The Company does not expect to contribute to its Life Technologies Pension Plan and Dexter PRMB Plan in 2008 as these plans are fully funded.

 

10. EMPLOYEE STOCK PLANS

 

The Company has ten stock option plans: the 1995, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2002 and 2004 Invitrogen Corporation stock option plans, the 1996 and 1998 NOVEX Stock Option/Stock Issuance Plans, the Life Technologies 1995 and 1997 Long-Term Incentive Plans. During 2004, the Company’s stockholders approved the 2004 Invitrogen Equity Incentive Plan (the 2004 Plan), which replaced the Company’s 1997, 2000, 2001 and 2002 stock option plans (collectively, the Prior Plans). Upon approval of the 2004 Plan, all Prior Plans were frozen and a total of 5.7 million shares of the Company’s common stock were reserved for granting of new awards under the 2004 Plan. The total shares reserved for issuance under the 2004 Plan includes all options and other awards that the Company has granted that are still outstanding under the Prior Plans as of December 31, 2007. Pursuant to an employment agreement entered in May 2003, the Company granted an option to purchase 675,000 shares of the Company’s common stock to its Chief Executive Officer, which was granted outside any of the Company’s option plans discussed above.

 

The Company’s 2004 Plan permits the granting of stock options, stock appreciation rights, restricted stock awards, restricted stock units, performance awards and deferred stock awards of up to 10.8 million shares of stock. Shares of the Company’s common stock granted under the 2004 Plan in the form of stock options or stock appreciation rights are counted against the 2004 Plan share reserve on a one-for-one basis. Shares of the Company’s common stock granted under the 2004 Plan as an award other than as an option or as a stock appreciation right are counted against the 2004 Plan share reserve on a 1.6 shares for each share of common stock basis. Stock option awards are granted to eligible employees and directors at an exercise price equal to no

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

less than the fair market value of such stock on the date of grant, generally vest over a period of time ranging up to four years, are exercisable in whole or in installments and expire ten years from the date of grant. Restricted stock awards and restricted stock units are granted to eligible employees and directors and represent rights to receive shares of common stock at a future date. In addition, the Company has a qualified employee stock purchase plan (“purchase rights”) whereby eligible employees may elect to withhold up to 15% of their compensation to purchase shares of the Company’s stock on a quarterly basis at a discounted price equal to 85% of the lower of the employee’s offering price or the closing price of the stock on the date of purchase.

 

In December 2004, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) issued Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123 (revised 2004), “Share-Based Payment” (SFAS 123R), which revised Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 123, “Accounting for Stock-Based Compensation” (SFAS 123), supersedes APB Opinion No. 25, “Accounting for Stock Issued to Employees” (APB 25) and amends Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 95, “Statement of Cash Flows” (SFAS 95). SFAS 123R establishes the accounting for share-based awards exchanged for employee services and requires companies to expense the estimated fair value of these awards over the requisite employee service period. The provisions of SFAS 123R are effective for the Company beginning January 1, 2006. Prior to January 1, 2006, the Company accounted for its share-based awards under the recognition and measurement principles of APB 25 and its related interpretations and adopted the disclosure only provision of SFAS 123. Accordingly, no compensation cost was recognized for the employee stock option plan or employee stock purchase plan under the fair value recognition provisions of SFAS 123. Effective January 1, 2006, the Company adopted the provisions of SFAS 123R using the modified-prospective-transition method. Under this method, share-based compensation cost is measured at the grant date based on the estimated fair value of the award and is recognized as expense over the employee’s requisite service period for all share-based awards granted, modified or cancelled as of January 1, 2006.

 

The Company used the Black-Scholes option-pricing model (Black-Scholes model) to value share-based employee stock option and purchase right awards, which was also used for the Company’s proforma disclosures required under SFAS 123 prior to adoption of SFAS 123R on January 1, 2006. The determination of fair value of stock-based payment awards using an option-pricing model requires the use of certain estimates and assumptions that affect the reported amount of share-based compensation cost recognized in the Consolidated Statements of Income. Among these include the expected term of options, estimated forfeitures, expected volatility of the Company’s stock price, expected dividends and the risk-free interest rate.

 

The expected term of share-based awards represents the weighted-average period the awards are expected to remain outstanding and is an input in the Black-Scholes model. In determining the expected term of options, the Company considered various factors including the vesting period of options granted, employees’ historical exercise and post-vesting employment termination behavior, expected volatility of the Company’s stock and aggregation by homogeneous employee groups. The Company used a combination of the historical volatility of its stock price and the implied volatility of market-traded options of the Company’s stock with terms of up to approximately two years to estimate the expected volatility assumption input to the Black-Scholes model in accordance with SFAS 123R and the SEC’s Staff Accounting Bulletin No. 107 (SAB 107). In prior years, the Company relied solely on the historical volatility of its stock price for its volatility assumption input to the Black-Scholes model. The Company’s decision to use a combination of historical and implied volatility was based upon the availability of actively traded options of its stock and its assessment that such a combination was more representative of future expected stock price trends. The expected dividend yield assumption is based on the Company’s expectation of future dividend payouts. The Company has never declared or paid any cash dividends on its common stock and currently does not anticipate paying such cash dividends. However, this assumption may be subject to substantial change in the future. Any determination to pay dividends in the future will be at the discretion of the Company’s Board of Directors and will depend upon the Company’s results of

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

operations, financial condition, financial covenants, tax laws and other factors as the Board of Directors, in its discretion, deems relevant. The risk-free interest rate is based upon U.S. Treasury securities with remaining terms similar to the expected term of the share-based awards.

 

Stock Options and Purchase Rights

 

The underlying assumptions used to value employee stock options and purchase rights granted during the year ended December 31, 2007 were as follows:

 

     Year ended
December 31, 2007
 
     Options     Purchase Rights  

Weighted average risk-free interest rate

     4.64 %     4.52 %

Expected term of share-based awards

     4.5 yrs     1.1 yrs

Expected stock price volatility

     28.4 %     29.2 %

Expected dividend yield

     0 %     0 %

Weighted average fair value of share-based awards granted

   $ 23.09     $ 20.20  

 

SFAS 123R requires the benefits of tax deductions in excess of recognized compensation cost to be reported as a financing cash flow. Excess tax benefits of $5.4 million and $3.1 million were reported as net financing cash flows for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, respectively.

 

The Company is required to estimate forfeitures at the time of grant and revise those estimates in subsequent periods on a cumulative basis in the period the estimated forfeiture rate changes. The Company considered its historical experience of pre-vesting option forfeitures as the basis to arrive at its estimated pre-vesting option forfeiture rate of 9.4% per year at the year ended December 31, 2007. All option awards, including those with graded vesting, were valued as a single award with a single average expected term and are amortized on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period of the awards, which is generally the vesting period. At December 31, 2007, there was $43.7 million remaining in unrecognized compensation cost related to employee stock options (including stock options assumed in business combinations), which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2 years. No compensation cost was capitalized in inventory during the year ended December 31, 2007 as the amounts involved are not material.

 

Total share-based compensation expense for employee stock options (including stock options assumed in business combinations) and purchase rights for the years ended December 31, 2007 and 2006 is composed of the following:

 

(in thousands, except per share amounts)    Year ended
December 31, 2007
   Year ended
December 31, 2006

Cost of revenues

   $ 5,682    $ 3,570

Sales and marketing

     6,057      5,081

General and administrative

     19,684      26,685

Research and development

     4,089      4,161
             

Share-based compensation expense before taxes

     35,512      39,497

Related income tax benefits

     10,993      8,555
             

Share-based compensation expense, net of taxes

   $ 24,519    $ 30,942
             

Net share-based compensation expense per common share:

     

Basic

   $ 0.53    $ 0.60

Diluted

   $ 0.50    $ 0.59

 

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NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

The total intrinsic value of options exercised was $67.4 million, $10.4 million, and $49.9 million during the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, respectively. Total cash received from the exercise of employee stock options and purchase rights was $125.8 million and $10.5 million, respectively, for the year ended December 31, 2007. The total fair value of shares vested during the current year was $30.9 million. A summary of employee stock option activity for the year ended December 31, 2007 is presented below:

 

     Options
(in 000’s)
    Weighted
Average
Exercise
Price Per
Share
   Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term
   Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in 000’s)

Outstanding at December 31, 2006

   7,125     $ 59.38      

Granted

   1,382       71.65      

Exercised

   (2,298 )     54.72      

Cancelled

   (515 )     65.72      
                  

Outstanding at December 31, 2007

   5,694     $ 63.53    7.2    $ 170,156
                        

Vested and exercisable at December 31, 2007

   2,753     $ 58.85       $ 95,161
                      

 

The Company has a qualified employee stock purchase plan whereby eligible employees may elect to withhold up to 15% of their compensation to purchase shares of the Company’s stock on a quarterly basis at a discounted price equal to 85% of the lower of the employee’s offering price or the closing price of the stock on the date of purchase. During the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005, employees purchased 220,961, 260,906 and 229,873 shares at an average price of $47.41, $49.38 and $47.33 per share, respectively. As of December 31, 2007, there were 262,724 shares of the Company’s common stock reserved for future issuance under the plan.

 

Restricted Stock Units

 

Restricted stock units represent a right to receive shares of common stock at a future date determined in accordance with the participant’s award agreement. There is no exercise price and no monetary payment is required for receipt of restricted stock units or the shares issued in settlement of the award. Instead, consideration is furnished in the form of the participant’s services to the Company. Restricted stock units generally vest over three to five years. Compensation cost for these awards is based on the estimated fair value on the date of grant and recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. There were no pre-vesting forfeitures estimated for the year ended December 31, 2007. For the year ended December 31, 2007 and 2006, the Company recognized $7.3 million and $5.3 million, respectively, in share-based compensation cost related to these restricted stock unit awards. At December 31, 2007, there was $8.5 million remaining in unrecognized compensation cost related to these awards, which is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period 2 years. The estimated amortization expense of the deferred compensation on the restricted stock unit awards as of December 31, 2007 is $4.9 million, $2.3 million, and $0.9 million for 2008, 2009 and 2010.

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

The weighted average grant date fair value of restricted stock units granted during the year ended December 31, 2007 was $69.53. A summary of restricted stock units activity for the year ended December 31, 2007 is presented below:

 

     Restricted Stock
Units

(in 000’s)
    Weighted
Average
Remaining
Contractual
Term in Years
   Aggregate
Intrinsic
Value
(in 000’s)

Outstanding at December 31, 2006

   281       

Granted

   113       

Exercised

   (88 )     

Cancelled

   (36 )     
           

Outstanding at December 31, 2007

   270     8.48    $ 25,249
                 

Vested at December 31, 2007

   18        $ 1,662
               

 

During 2007, the Company awarded 0.4 million shares of performance share-based grants. For the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company recognized $4.3 million in performance share-based compensation cost. As of December 31, 2007, there was $10.7 million of total unrecognized compensation cost related to performance share-based compensation arrangements. That cost is expected to be recognized over a weighted average period of 2 years.

 

Restricted Stock Awards

 

During 2004 and 2003, the Company issued 20,000 and 155,000 shares of restricted stock awards, respectively, with a weighted average grant date fair value of $72.77 for issuances during 2004 and $49.34 for issuances during 2003 to certain executive officers and key employees. The awards generally vest over four years. Compensation cost for these restricted stock awards is based on the estimated fair value on the date of grant and recognized as compensation expense on a straight-line basis over the requisite service period. Pre-vesting forfeitures were estimated to be approximately 0% for the year ended December 31, 2007. For the year ended December 31, 2007, the Company recognized $1.1 million in share-based compensation cost related to these restricted stock awards. At December 31, 2007, there was no amount remaining in unrecognized compensation cost related to these awards. A summary of restricted stock awards activity for the year ended December 31, 2007 is presented below:

 

     Restricted Stock
Awards

(in 000’s)
    Weighted
Average
Grant Date Fair
Value

Nonvested at December 31, 2006

   77     $ 51.03

Granted

        

Vested

   (54 )     44.69

Cancelled

   (13 )     61.05
            

Nonvested at December 31, 2007

   10     $ 72.77
            

 

Deferred Stock Awards

 

The 2004 Plan also provides that certain participants who are executives or members of a select group of highly compensated employees may elect to receive, in lieu of payment in cash or stock of all or any portion of such participant’s cash and/or stock compensation, an award of deferred stock units. A participant electing to

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

receive deferred stock units will be granted automatically, on the effective date of such deferral election, deferred stock unit award for a number of stock units equal to the amount of the deferred compensation divided by an amount equal to the fair market value of a share of the Company’s common stock on the date of grant. During the years ending December 31, 2007 and 2006, no participants participated in the program and therefore no shares were deferred under this plan. The 2004 Plan is authorized to grant up to 100,000 shares of common stock as deferred stock units.

 

11. SUPPLEMENTAL CASH FLOW INFORMATION

 

Supplemental disclosure of cash flow information for the years ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005 is as follows:

 

(in thousands)    2007    2006    2005

Cash paid for interest

   $ 25,799    $ 24,623    $ 27,231
                    

Cash paid for income taxes

   $ 51,728    $ 77,144    $ 62,071
                    

 

12. QUARTERLY FINANCIAL DATA (unaudited)

 

(in thousands, except per share data)    First
Quarter
   Second
Quarter
   Third
Quarter
    Fourth
Quarter
 

2007

          

Revenue

   $ 308,653    $ 321,690    $ 314,959     $ 336,445  

Gross profit

     171,334      175,542      174,790       194,221  

Income from continuing operations

     29,892      29,397      30,490       40,501  

Income from discontinued operations (net of tax)

     374      11,481      506       550  

Net income

   $ 30,266    $ 40,878    $ 30,996     $ 41,050  

Net income per common share continued operations

          

Basic

   $ 0.63    $ 0.63    $ 0.66     $ 0.87  

Diluted

   $ 0.62    $ 0.62    $ 0.63     $ 0.82  

Net income per common share discontinued operations

          

Basic

   $ 0.01    $ 0.25    $ 0.01     $ 0.01  

Diluted

   $ 0.01    $ 0.24    $ 0.01     $ 0.01  

Net income per common share

          

Basic

   $ 0.64    $ 0.88    $ 0.67     $ 0.88  

Diluted

   $ 0.63    $ 0.86    $ 0.64     $ 0.83  

2006

          

Revenue

   $ 280,041    $ 285,354    $ 284,197     $ 301,583  

Gross profit

     151,854      153,670      144,260       158,547  

Income from continuing operations

     18,305      19,002      15,838       22,614  

Income (loss) from discontinued operations (net of tax)

     913      678      (145,631 )     (122,768 )

Net income (loss)

   $ 19,218    $ 19,680    $ (129,793 )   $ (100,154 )

Net income per common share continued operations

          

Basic

   $ 0.35    $ 0.36    $ 0.31     $ 0.47  

Diluted

   $ 0.34    $ 0.35    $ 0.30     $ 0.46  

Net income (loss) per common share discontinued operations

          

Basic

   $ 0.01    $ 0.01    $ (2.84 )   $ (2.55 )

Diluted

   $ 0.01    $ 0.01    $ (2.77 )   $ (2.49 )

Net income (loss) per common share

          

Basic

   $ 0.36    $ 0.37    $ (2.53 )   $ (2.08 )

Diluted

   $ 0.35    $ 0.36    $ (2.47 )   $ (2.03 )

 

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INVITROGEN CORPORATION

NOTES TO CONSOLIDATED FINANCIAL STATEMENTS—(Continued)

AS OF DECEMBER 31, 2007, 2006 AND 2005

 

13. SUBSEQUENT EVENTS

 

On January 10, 2008, the Company entered into a definitive agreement to purchase privately-held CellzDirect, Inc., based in Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, in a cash transaction for approximately $57 million. CellzDirect was founded in 2001 and provides hepatocyte-based cell products and related services used in the testing of new drugs. It employs approximately 90 people at its sites in North Carolina and Austin, Texas. Twelve month revenue for calendar year 2007 was expected to be approximately $18 million and will be included in the Cell Systems division of the company. The Company does not believe this to be a material acquisition.

 

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ITEM 9. Changes in and Disagreements with Accountants on Accounting and Financial Disclosure

 

None.

 

ITEM 9A. Controls and Procedures

 

Evaluation of Disclosure Controls and Procedures. Based on our evaluation during the most recent quarter, our principal executive officer and principal financial officer have concluded that our disclosure controls and procedures (as defined in Rules 13a-15(e) and 15d-15(e) under the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, as amended (the “Exchange Act”)) were effective as of December 31, 2007 to ensure that information required to be disclosed by us in reports that we file or submit under the Exchange Act is recorded, processed, summarized and reported within the time periods specified in SEC rules and forms.

 

Changes in Internal Controls. There have been no changes in our internal control over financial reporting that occurred in our last fiscal quarter that have or are reasonably likely to materially affect our internal control over financial reporting identified in connection with the previously mentioned evaluation.

 

Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting

 

The management of Invitrogen Corporation is responsible for establishing and maintaining adequate internal control over financial reporting. Invitrogen’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed under the supervision of Invitrogen’s Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of Invitrogen’s financial statements for external purposes in accordance with U.S. generally accepted accounting principles.

 

As of December 31, 2007, management, with the participation of the Chief Executive Officer and Chief Financial Officer, assessed the effectiveness of Invitrogen’s internal control over financial reporting based on the criteria for effective internal control over financial reporting established in “Internal Control—Integrated Framework,” issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations (COSO) of the Treadway Commission. Based on this assessment, management determined that Invitrogen maintained effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007.

 

Ernst & Young LLP, the independent registered public accounting firm that audited the consolidated financial statements of Invitrogen included in this Annual Report on Form 10-K, has issued an unqualified opinion on the effectiveness of Invitrogen’s internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007 which is included in this Item under the heading “Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm.”

 

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Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

 

To the Stockholders and the

Board of Directors of Invitrogen Corporation

 

We have audited Invitrogen Corporation’s (the “Company”) internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on criteria established in Internal Control-Integrated Framework issued by the Committee of Sponsoring Organizations of the Treadway Commission (the “COSO criteria”). The Company’s management is responsible for maintaining effective internal control over financial reporting and for its assessment of the effectiveness of internal control over financial reporting included in the accompanying Management’s Report on Internal Control over Financial Reporting. Our responsibility is to express an opinion on the Company’s internal control over financial reporting based on our audit.

 

We conducted our audit in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States). Those standards require that we plan and perform the audit to obtain reasonable assurance about whether effective internal control over financial reporting was maintained in all material respects. Our audit included obtaining an understanding of internal control over financial reporting, assessing the risk that a material weakness exists, testing and evaluating the design and operating effectiveness of internal control based on the assessed risk, and performing such other procedures as we considered necessary in the circumstances. We believe that our audit provides a reasonable basis for our opinion.

 

A company’s internal control over financial reporting is a process designed to provide reasonable assurance regarding the reliability of financial reporting and the preparation of financial statements for external purposes in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles. A company’s internal control over financial reporting includes those policies and procedures that (1) pertain to the maintenance of records that, in reasonable detail, accurately and fairly reflect the transactions and dispositions of the assets of the company; (2) provide reasonable assurance that transactions are recorded as necessary to permit preparation of financial statements in accordance with generally accepted accounting principles, and that receipts and expenditures of the company are being made only in accordance with authorizations of management and directors of the company; and (3) provide reasonable assurance regarding prevention or timely detection of unauthorized acquisition, use, or disposition of the company’s assets that could have a material effect on the financial statements.

 

Because of its inherent limitations, internal control over financial reporting may not prevent or detect misstatements. Also, projections of any evaluation of effectiveness to future periods are subject to the risk that controls may become inadequate because of changes in conditions, or that the degree of compliance with the policies or procedures may deteriorate.

 

In our opinion, Invitrogen Corporation maintained, in all material aspects, effective internal control over financial reporting as of December 31, 2007, based on the COSO criteria.

 

We have also audited, in accordance with the standards of the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (United States), the consolidated balance sheets of the Company as of December 31, 2007 and 2006 and the related consolidated statements of operations, stockholders’ equity and cash flows for each of the three years in the period ended December 31, 2007, and our report dated February 13, 2008 expressed an unqualified opinion thereon.

 

/s/ ERNST & YOUNG LLP

 

San Diego, California

February 13, 2008

 

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ITEM 9B. Other Information

 

None.

 

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PART III

 

ITEM 10. Directors, Executive Officers and Corporate Governance

 

Information required by this Item pursuant to Item 401 relating to our executive officers appears under the caption “Executive Officers of the Registrant” in Part I of this Annual Report on Form 10-K, following Item 4, which section is incorporated herein by reference.

 

Information required by this Item pursuant to Item 401 and Item 407 of Regulation S-K relating to our directors and committees of our board of directors is incorporated by reference from our definitive proxy statement for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held April 30, 2008 filed with the SEC (the “Proxy Statement”) under the heading “Election of Directors.” Information about Section 16 reporting compliance is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement under the heading “Section 16(a) Beneficial Ownership Reporting Compliance.” Information regarding our Executive Officers is set forth in Item 1 of Part I of this Form 10-K under the caption “Executive Officers of the Registrant.” Information regarding our code of ethics, which we call our Protocol, is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement under the heading “The Invitrogen Protocol.” It is also available on our website at www.Invitrogen.com.

 

ITEM 11. Executive Compensation

 

Information required by this Item pursuant to Item 402 of Regulation S-K relating to director and officer compensation will appear under the heading “Executive Compensation” in our definitive proxy statement for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held April 30, 2008, which section is incorporated herein by reference. Information required by this Item pursuant to Item 407 of Regulation S-K relating to director and officer compensation will appear under the headings “Compensation Committee Interlocks” and “Compensation Committee Report” in our definitive proxy statement for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held April 30, 2008, which section is incorporated herein by reference.

 

ITEM 12. Security Ownership of Certain Beneficial Owners and Management and Related Stockholder Matters

 

Information required by this Item pursuant to Item 403 of Regulation S-K relating to beneficial ownership of the Registrant’s common stock is incorporated by reference to the definitive proxy statement for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held April 30, 2008 under the heading “Stock Ownership.”

 

ITEM 13. Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions, and Director Independence

 

The information required by this item is incorporated by reference to the Proxy Statement under the heading “Certain Relationships and Related Party Transactions.”

 

Information required by this Item pursuant to Item 404 of Regulation S-K relating to the independence of our directors will appear under the heading “Governance & Nominating Committee” in our definitive proxy statement for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held April 30, 2008, which section is incorporated herein by reference.

 

ITEM 14. Principal Accounting Fees and Services

 

Information required by this Item pursuant to Item 9(e) of Schedule 14A relating to auditor fees is incorporated by reference to the definitive proxy statement for the 2008 Annual Meeting of Stockholders to be held April 30, 2008, under the heading “Principal Accounting Fees and Services.”

 

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PART IV

 

ITEM 15. Exhibits and Financial Statement Schedules

 

(a) 1. Financial Statements

 

The following consolidated financial statements of Invitrogen Corporation are included in Item 8.

 

     Page

Report of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm

   43

Consolidated Balance Sheets

   44

Consolidated Statements of Operations

   45

Consolidated Statements of Stockholders’ Equity

   46

Consolidated Statements of Cash Flows

   47

Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements

   48

 

  2. Financial Statement Schedules: Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts Financial statements and schedules other than those listed below in item (c) are omitted for reason that they are not applicable, are not required, or the information is included in the Consolidated Financial Statements or the Notes to Consolidated Financial Statements.

 

  3. List of exhibits filed with this Annual Report on Form 10-K: For a list of exhibits filed with this Form 10-K, refer to the exhibit index beginning on page 92.

 

(b) Exhibits: For a list of exhibits filed with this Annual Report on Form 10-K, refer to the exhibit index beginning on page 92.

 

(c) Financial Statement Schedules: Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts (see next page).

 

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Schedule II—Valuation and Qualifying Accounts

 

For the Years Ended December 31, 2007, 2006 and 2005

 

(in thousands)   Balance
at
Beginning
of Period
  Net
Additions
Charged
(Credited)
to Expense
    Additions
Acquired
(Excess Reserve
Reductions)
from Business
Combinations
    Deductions(1)     Foreign
Currency
Effect on
Translation
    Balance at
End of
Period
Allowance for Doubtful Accounts                                

Year ended December 31, 2007

  $ 6,968   $ 1,938     $     $ (918 )   $ 223     $ 8,211

Year ended December 31, 2006

    4,031     2,680       128       (509 )     638       6,968

Year ended December 31, 2005

    4,074     1,119       517       (378 )     (1,301 )     4,031
Allowance for Inventory Accounts                                

Year ended December 31, 2007

  $ 41,186   $ 1,762     $ (1,151 )   $ 3,029     $ 1,152     $ 45,978

Year ended December 31, 2006

    42,874     (1,774 )     135       (1,011 )     962       41,186

Year ended December 31, 2005

    26,702     3,045       14,499       (987 )     (385 )     42,874
Accrued Shut Down            

Year ended December 31, 2007

  $ 17,762   $ 334     $ 3,063     $ (10,095 )   $ 87     $ 11,151

Year ended December 31, 2006

    14,249     810       7,545       (4,925 )     83       17,762

Year ended December 31, 2005

    2,975     132       15,997       (4,413 )     (442 )     14,249
Accrued Claims and Assessments            

Year ended December 31, 2007

  $   $     $ 781     $ (32 )   $     $ 749

Year ended December 31, 2006

                               

Year ended December 31, 2005

                               
Insurance, Environmental and Divestiture Reserves            

Year ended December 31, 2007

  $ 9,130   $ 32     $ (333 )   $ (41 )   $     $ 8,788

Year ended December 31, 2006

    9,522     70             (462 )           9,130

Year ended December 31, 2005

    10,019     200             (697 )           9,522

 

(1) Deductions for Allowance for Doubtful Accounts and Allowance for Inventory Accounts are for accounts receivable written-off and disposal of obsolete inventory. Deductions for all other accounts are amounts paid in cash or reclassified to accounts payable.

 

Accrued shut down costs are classified as follows at December 31:

 

(in thousands)    2007    2006

Current portion

   $ 11,151    $ 17,762
             

Total included above

   $ 11,151    $ 17,762
             

 

Insurance, environmental and divestiture reserves are classified as follows at December 31:

 

(in thousands)    2007    2006

Current portion

   $ 2,053    $ 2,521

Long-term portion

     6,735      6,609
             

Total included above

   $ 8,788    $ 9,130
             

 

Net additions charged (credited) to expense for business integration costs reported in the Consolidated Statements of Operations are as follows for the year ended December 31:

 

(in thousands)    2007    2006    2005

Business consolidation costs

   $ 5,635    $ 12,540    $ 465
                    

Total business consolidation costs

   $ 5,635    $ 12,540    $ 465
                    

 

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SIGNATURES

 

Pursuant to the requirements of Section 13 or 15(d) of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, the Registrant has duly caused this report to be signed on its behalf by the undersigned, thereunto duly authorized.

 

    INVITROGEN CORPORATION

Date: February 12, 2008

  By:  

/s/    GREGORY T. LUCIER

   

Gregory T. Lucier

Chairman and Chief Executive Officer

(Principal Executive Officer and Authorized Signatory)

 

Pursuant to the requirements of the Securities Exchange Act of 1934, this report has been signed below by the following persons on behalf of the registrant in the capacities and on the dates indicated:

 

SIGNATURE

  

TITLE

 

DATE

/s/    GREGORY T. LUCIER        

Gregory T. Lucier

   Chairman and Chief Executive Officer and Director (Principal Executive Officer)  

February 12, 2008

/s/    DAVID F. HOFFMEISTER        

David F. Hoffmeister

   Chief Financial Officer (Principal Financial Officer)  

February 12, 2008

/s/    KELLI A. RICHARD        

Kelli A. Richard

   Vice President, Finance (Principal Accounting Officer)  

February 12, 2008

/s/    RAYMOND V. DITTAMORE        

Raymond V. Dittamore

  

Director

 

February 12, 2008

/s/    DONALD W. GRIMM        

Donald W. Grimm

  

Director

 

February 12, 2008

/s/    BALAKRISHNAN S. IYER        

Balakrishnan S. Iyer

  

Director

 

February 12, 2008

/s/    BRADLEY G. LORIMIER        

Bradley G. Lorimier

  

Director

 

February 12, 2008

/s/    PER A. PETERSON, PH.D.        

Per A. Peterson, Ph.D.

  

Director

 

February 12, 2008

/s/    RONALD A. MATRICARIA        

Ronald A. Matricaria

  

Director

 

February 12, 2008

/s/    JAY M. SHORT, PH.D.        

Jay M. Short, Ph.D.

  

Director

 

February 12, 2008

/s/    W. ANN REYNOLDS, PH.D.        

W. Ann Reynolds, Ph.D.

  

Director

 

February 12, 2008

/s/    DAVID C. U’PRICHARD, PH.D.        

David C. U’Prichard, Ph.D.

  

Director

 

February 12, 2008

 

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INDEX TO EXHIBITS

 

(In our Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2001, we

numbered sequentially all of the material contracts that we had filed as of

March 31, 2002. Since that time, we have continued to number sequentially any

additional material contracts that we file for ease of reference.)

 

EXHIBIT

NUMBER

  

DESCRIPTION OF DOCUMENT

  3.1    Restated Certificate of Incorporation of Invitrogen
  3.2    Amended and Restated Bylaws of Invitrogen.(1)
  4.1    Specimen Common Stock Certificate.(2)
  4.3    Indenture, by and between Invitrogen and State Street Bank and Trust Company of California, N.A., dated March 1, 2000.(3)
  4.5    Indenture, by and between Invitrogen and State Street Bank and Trust Company of California, N.A. and Table of Contents of Indenture, including Cross-Reference Table to the Trust Indenture Act of 1989, dated December 11, 2001.(4)
  4.6    2% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2023, Registration Rights Agreement, by and among Invitrogen and UBS Securities LLC and Credit Suisse First Boston LLC, as Initial Purchasers, dated August 1, 2003.(5)
  4.7    Indenture, by and between Invitrogen and U.S. Bank National Association, dated August 1, 2003.(5)
  4.8    1 1/2% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2024, Registration Rights Agreement, by and among Invitrogen and UBS Securities LLC and Bear Stearns & Co Inc., as Initial Purchasers, dated February 19, 2004.(6)
  4.9    Indenture, by and between Invitrogen and U.S. Bank National Association, dated February 19, 2004.(6)
4.10    Indenture, by and between Invitrogen and U.S. Bank National Association, dated as of December 14, 2004. (7)
4.11    Indenture, by and between Invitrogen and U.S. Bank National Association, dated as of December 14, 2004.(7)
4.12    3.25% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2025, Registration Rights Agreement, by and among Invitrogen and UBS Securities LLC and Banc of America Securities LLC., as Initial Purchasers, dated June 20, 2005. (8)
4.13    3.25% Convertible Senior Notes Due 2025, Indenture, by and between Invitrogen and U.S. Bank National Association, dated June 20, 2005.(8)
10.46    Form of Secured Promissory Note under Invitrogen’s Employee Relocation Guidelines.(9)
10.47    Form of Deed of Trust with Assignment of Rents under Invitrogen’s Employee Relocation Guidelines.(9)
10.48    Form of Addendum to Deed of Trust with Assignment of Rents under Invitrogen’s Employee Relocation Guidelines.(9)
10.49    Form of Employee Relocation Guidelines under Invitrogen’s Employee Relocation Guidelines.(9)
10.76    Executive Health Plan.(10)(14)
10.77    Financial Planning Benefit Plan.(10)(14)
10.78    Supplemental Long Term Disability Plan.(10)(14)
10.86    Executive Officer Severance Plan and Summary Plan Description.(11)(14)
10.88    Summary of Invitrogen Corporation Mid-Term Incentive Compensation Plan.(12)(14)
10.90    Form of Non-Employee Director Stock Option Agreement.(13)
10.91    Form of Non-Employee Director Restricted Stock Unit Agreement.(13)
10.92    Summary of Non-Employee Director Compensation Program.(13)
21.1    List of Subsidiaries.

 

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EXHIBIT

NUMBER

  

DESCRIPTION OF DOCUMENT

23.1    Consent of Independent Registered Public Accounting Firm
31.1    Certification of Chief Executive Officer
31.2    Certification of Chief Financial Officer
32.1    Certification of Chief Executive Officer
32.2    Certification of Chief Financial Officer

 

(1) The Amended and Restated Bylaws are incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-68665). A further amendment to the Bylaws adopted by a Resolution of the Board of Directors dated July 19, 2001 is incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2001 (File No. 000-25317).
(2) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-1 (File No. 333-68665).
(3) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-37964).
(4) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2001 (File No. 000-25317), as amended.
(5) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Registration Statement on Form S-3 (File No. 333-110060).
(6) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended March 31, 2004 (File No. 000-25317).
(7) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Annual Report on Form 10-K for the Year Ended December 31, 2004 (File No. 000-25317), as amended.
(8) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on June 24, 2005 (File No. 000-25317).
(9) Incorporated by reference to the Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period Ended June 30, 2002 (File No. 000-25317).
(10) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Quarterly Report on Form 10-Q for the Quarterly Period ended September 30, 2004. (File No. 000-25317).
(11) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on November 15, 2004 (File No. 000-25317).
(12) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on January 31, 2005 (File No. 000-25317).
(13) Incorporated by reference to Registrant’s Current Report on Form 8-K, filed on February 14, 2005 (File No. 000-25317).
(14) Management contract or compensatory plan or arrangement.

 

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