The issue price, underwriting discount and net proceeds listed above relate to the notes we sell initially. We may decide to sell additional notes
after the date of this prospectus supplement, at issue prices and with underwriting discounts and net proceeds that differ from the amounts set forth above. The return (whether positive or negative) on your investment in notes will depend in part
on the issue price you pay for such notes.
GS Finance Corp. may use this prospectus in the initial sale of the notes. In addition, Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC or any other
affiliate of GS Finance Corp. may use this prospectus in a market-making transaction in a note after its initial sale. Unless GS Finance Corp. or its
agent informs the purchaser otherwise in the confirmation of sale, this prospectus is being used in a market-making transaction.
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Estimated Value of Your Notes
The estimated value of your notes at the time the terms of your notes are set on the trade date (as determined by reference to pricing models used by Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (GS&Co.) and
taking into account our credit spreads) is expected to be between $950 and $980 per $1,000 face amount, which is less than the original issue price. The
value of your notes at any time will reflect many factors and cannot be predicted; however, the price (not including GS&Co.’s customary bid and ask
spreads) at which GS&Co. would initially buy or sell notes (if it makes a market, which it is not obligated to do) and the value that GS&Co. will
initially use for account statements and otherwise is equal to approximately the estimated value of your notes at the time of pricing, plus an additional amount (initially equal to $ per $1,000 face amount).
Prior to , the price (not including GS&Co.’s customary bid and ask spreads) at which GS&Co. would buy or
sell your notes (if it makes a market, which it is not obligated to do) will equal approximately the sum of (a) the then-current estimated value of your notes (as determined by reference to GS&Co.’s pricing models) plus (b) any
remaining additional amount (the additional amount will decline to zero on a straight-line basis from the time of pricing through ). On and after , the price (not including GS&Co.’s customary bid and ask spreads) at
which GS&Co. would buy or sell your notes (if it makes a market) will equal approximately the then-current estimated value of your notes determined by reference to such pricing models.
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About Your Prospectus
The notes are part of the Medium-Term Notes, Series E program of GS Finance Corp., and are fully and unconditionally guaranteed by The
Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. This prospectus includes this prospectus supplement and the accompanying documents listed below. This prospectus supplement constitutes a supplement to the documents listed below and should be read in
conjunction with such documents:
The information in this prospectus supplement supersedes any conflicting information in the documents listed above. In addition, some of the terms or features
described in the listed documents may not apply to your notes.
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We refer to the notes we are offering by this prospectus supplement as the “offered notes” or the “notes”. Each of the
offered notes has the terms described below and under “Specific Terms of Your Notes” on page S-21. Please note that in this prospectus supplement, references to “GS Finance Corp.”, “we”, “our” and “us” mean only GS Finance Corp. and do
not include its subsidiaries or affiliates, references to “The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.”, our parent company, mean only The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and do not include its subsidiaries or affiliates and references to “Goldman Sachs”
mean The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. together with its consolidated subsidiaries and affiliates, including us. Also, references to the “accompanying prospectus” mean the accompanying prospectus, dated July 10, 2017, and references to the
“accompanying prospectus supplement” mean the accompanying prospectus supplement, dated July 10, 2017, for Medium-Term Notes, Series E, in each case of GS Finance Corp. and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. References to the “indenture” in
this prospectus supplement mean the senior debt indenture, dated as of October 10, 2008, as supplemented by the First Supplemental Indenture, dated as of February 20, 2015, each among us, as issuer, The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., as
guarantor, and The Bank of New York Mellon, as trustee. This indenture, as so supplemented and as further supplemented thereafter, is referred to as the “GSFC 2008 indenture” in the accompanying prospectus supplement.
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Investment Thesis
The notes are designed for investors who:
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believe that the closing level of at least one index will decline, such that the final index level of at least one index will be less than its initial index level, but not by more than 30%, on each coupon determination date;
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believe that the closing level of each index will not decline by more than 30% relative to its initial index level on any trading day during the measurement period; and
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want to receive a quarterly contingent coupon at an above current market rate if, on the related coupon determination date, the closing level of each index is greater than or equal to 70% of its initial index level, in exchange for bearing
the risk of:
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receiving few or no quarterly coupons;
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receiving a maturity payment that in the best case will equal the face amount of the notes (plus a coupon payment) and that in the worst case will result in a complete loss of
principal (and no coupon payment); and
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having the notes automatically called prior to the stated maturity date if, on any call observation date, the closing level of each index is greater than or equal to its initial index level.
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Coupon determination dates (and, therefore, the call observation dates), on which date it is determined if you receive a coupon (and whether or not
your notes are called), occur once quarterly. However, the measurement period, during which period it will be determined if your principal is at risk, is every trading day from but excluding the trade date to and including the determination
date.
If the notes have not been called and (i) the index return of each index is greater
than or equal to 0%, or (ii) the closing level of each index has not declined by more than 30% relative to its initial index level on any trading day during
the measurement period, at maturity investors will receive the face amount of their notes plus the final coupon.
If the notes have not been called and the index return of any index is less than -30%, at
maturity investors will be fully exposed on a one-to-one basis to the decline of the index with the lowest index return and will receive less than 70% of the face amount of their notes and no coupon.
If the notes have not been called and (i) the closing level of any index declined by more than 30% relative to its initial index level on any
trading day during the measurement period (referred to throughout this prospectus supplement as a “Trigger Event”) and (ii) the index return of the lesser performing index is between 0% and -30% and, for the avoidance of doubt, the index return
of each index is greater than or equal to -30%, at maturity investors will be fully
exposed on a one-to-one basis to the decline of the lesser performing index. Although investors will receive the final coupon, this will be offset by a maturity payment that is less than the face amount of their notes.
Key Terms
Issuer: GS Finance Corp.
Guarantor: The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.
Indices: the S&P 500® Index (Bloomberg symbol, “SPX
Index”), as published by S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, the EURO STOXX 50® Index (Bloomberg symbol, “SX5E Index”), as published by STOXX Limited and the Russell 2000® Index (Bloomberg symbol, “RTY Index”), as published by
FTSE Russell; see “The Indices” on page S-31
Specified currency: U.S. dollars (“$”)
Face amount: each note will have a face amount equal to $1,000; $
in the aggregate for all the offered notes; the aggregate face amount of the offered notes may be increased if the issuer, at its sole option, decides to sell an additional amount of the offered notes on a date subsequent to the date of this
prospectus supplement
Denominations: $1,000 and integral multiples of $1,000 in excess
thereof
Purchase at amount other than face amount: the amount
we will pay you for your notes on a call payment date or the stated maturity date, as the case may be, will not be adjusted based on the issue price you pay for your notes, so if you acquire notes at a premium (or discount) to face amount and hold them to a call payment date or the stated maturity date, it could affect your
investment in a number of ways. The return on your investment in such notes will be lower (or higher) than it would have been had you purchased the notes at face amount. See “Additional Risk
Factors Specific to Your Notes — If You Purchase Your Notes at a Premium to Face Amount, the
Return on Your Investment Will Be Lower Than the Return on Notes Purchased at Face Amount and the Impact of Certain Key Terms of the Notes Will Be Negatively Affected” on
page S-14 of this prospectus supplement
Supplemental
discussion of U.S. federal income tax consequences: you will be obligated pursuant to the terms of the notes — in the absence of a change in law, an administrative
determination or a judicial ruling to the contrary — to characterize each note for all tax purposes as an income-bearing pre-paid derivative contract in respect of the indices, as described under “Supplemental Discussion of Federal Income Tax
Consequences” herein. Pursuant to this approach, it is the opinion of Sidley Austin llp that
it is likely that any coupon payment will be taxed as ordinary income in accordance with your regular method of accounting for U.S. federal income tax purposes. If you are a United States alien holder of the notes, we intend to withhold on
coupon payments made to you at a 30% rate or at a lower rate specified by an applicable income tax treaty. In addition, upon the sale, exchange, redemption or maturity of your notes, it
would be reasonable for you to recognize capital gain or loss equal to the difference, if any, between the amount of cash you receive at such time (excluding amounts attributable to any coupon payment) and your tax basis in your notes.
Automatic call feature: if, as measured on any call
observation date, the closing level of each index is greater than or equal to its
initial index level, your notes will be automatically called; if your notes are automatically called on any call observation date, on the corresponding call payment date, in addition to the coupon then due, you will receive an amount in cash
equal to $1,000 for each $1,000 face amount of your notes
Cash settlement amount (on any call payment date): if your notes are
automatically called on a call observation date because the closing level of each index is greater than or equal to its initial index level, for each $1,000 face amount of your notes, on the related call payment date, we will pay you an amount in cash equal to the sum of (i) $1,000 plus (ii) the coupon then due
Cash settlement amount (on the stated maturity date): if your notes
are not automatically called, for each $1,000 face amount of your notes, we will pay you on the stated maturity date an amount in cash equal to:
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If a trigger event has not occurred, $1,000, plus a coupon payment; and
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If a trigger event has occurred, either:
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If the index return of each index is greater than or equal to zero, $1,000, plus a coupon payment.
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If the index return of any index is negative, (a) $1,000, plus (b) $1,000 multiplied by the lesser performing index return, plus a coupon payment if the final index level of each index is greater
than or equal to the coupon trigger level on the final coupon determination date. You could lose a significant portion of the face amount of your notes
and not receive any coupon payment.
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Lesser performing index return: the index return of
the lesser performing index
Lesser performing index: the index with the lowest index return
Coupon (to be set on the trade date): subject to the automatic call
feature, on each coupon payment date, for each $1,000 face amount of your notes, we will pay you an amount in cash equal to:
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if the closing level of each index on the related coupon determination date is greater than or equal to its coupon trigger level, between $25 and $27.5; or
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if the closing level of any index on the related coupon determination date is less than its coupon trigger level, $0
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Initial index level (to be set on the trade date): with respect to
each index, the closing level of such index on the trade date
Final index level: with respect to each index, the closing level of such index on the determination date, except in the limited circumstances described under “Specific Terms of Your Notes — Consequences of a Market
Disruption Event or a Non-Trading Day” on page S-25
Coupon trigger level: for each index, 70% of its initial index level
Closing level: with respect to each index on any trading day, the
closing level of such index, as further described under “Specific Terms of Your Notes — Special Calculation Provisions — Closing Level” on page S-27
Index return: with respect to each index on the determination date,
the quotient of (i) the final index level minus the initial index level divided by (ii) the initial index level, expressed as a positive or negative percentage
Measurement period: the period from but excluding the trade date to
and including the determination date, excluding any date or dates on which the calculation agent determines that a market disruption event with respect to any index
occurs or is continuing or that the calculation agent determines is not a trading day with respect to any index
Trigger event: the closing level of any index has declined, as
compared to its initial index level, by more than the trigger buffer amount on any trading day during the measurement period
Trigger buffer amount: 30%
Defeasance: not applicable
No listing: the offered notes will not be listed or displayed on any
securities exchange or interdealer market quotation system
Business day: as described under “Specific Terms of
Your Notes — Special Calculation Provisions — Business Day” on page S-27
Trading day: as described under “Specific Terms of Your Notes —
Special Calculation Provisions — Trading Day” on page S-27
Trade date: expected to be November 13, 2018
Original issue date (settlement date) (to be set on the trade date): expected
to be November 16, 2018
Stated maturity date (to be set on the trade date): expected to be May
20, 2020, subject to adjustment as described under “Specific Terms of Your Notes — Stated Maturity Date” on page S-23
Determination date (to be set on the trade date): expected to be May
13, 2020, subject to adjustment as described under “Specific Terms of Your Notes — Determination Date” on page S-23
Call observation dates (to be set on the trade date): expected to be each coupon
determination date commencing in May 2019 and ending in February 2020, subject to adjustment as described under “Specific Terms of Your Notes — Payment of Principal on Stated Maturity Date — Call Observation Dates” on page S-24
Call payment dates: expected to be the fifth business day after each
call observation date subject to adjustment as described under “Specific Terms of Your Notes — Call Payment Dates” on page S-25
Coupon determination dates (to be set on the trade date): expected to
be the 13th day of each February, May, August and November, commencing in February 2019 and ending in May 2020, subject to adjustment as described under “Specific Terms of Your Notes — Coupon Determination Dates” on page S-24
Coupon payment dates (to be set on the trade date): expected to be the
fifth business day after each coupon determination date to and including the stated maturity date, subject to adjustment as described under “Specific Terms of Your Notes —Coupon and Coupon Payment Dates” on page S-24
Regular record dates: the scheduled business day immediately preceding
the day on which payment is to be made
Calculation agent: Goldman Sachs & Co. LLC (“GS&Co.”)
CUSIP no.: 40056ECN6
ISIN no.: US40056ECN67
FDIC: the notes are not bank deposits and are not insured by the Federal Deposit Insurance
Corporation or any other governmental agency, nor are they obligations of, or guaranteed by, a bank
The following examples are provided for purposes of illustration only. They should not be taken as an indication
or prediction of future investment results and are intended merely to illustrate (i) the impact that various hypothetical closing levels of the indices on a coupon determination date could have on the coupon payable on the related coupon payment
date and (ii) the impact that various hypothetical closing levels of the lesser performing index on the determination date could have on the cash settlement amount at maturity assuming all other variables remain constant.
The examples below are based on a range of index levels that are entirely hypothetical; no one can predict what
the index level of any index will be on any day throughout the life of your notes, what the closing level of any index will be on any coupon determination date or call observation date, as the case may be, and what the final index level of the
lesser performing index will be on the determination date. The indices have been highly volatile in the past — meaning that the index levels have changed substantially in relatively short periods — and their performance cannot be predicted for
any future period.
The information in the following examples reflects the hypothetical rates of return on the offered notes
assuming that they are purchased on the original issue date at the face amount and held to a call payment date or the stated maturity date. If you sell your notes in a secondary market prior to a call payment date or the stated maturity date, as
the case may be, your return will depend upon the market value of your notes at the time of sale, which may be affected by a number of factors that are not reflected in the examples below such as interest rates, the volatility of the indices, the
creditworthiness of GS Finance Corp., as issuer, and the creditworthiness of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., as guarantor. In addition, the estimated value of your notes at the time the terms of your notes are set on the trade date (as determined
by reference to pricing models used by GS&Co.) is less than the original issue price of your notes. For more information on the estimated value of your notes, see “Additional Risk Factors Specific to Your Notes — The Estimated Value of Your
Notes At the Time the Terms of Your Notes Are Set On the Trade Date (as Determined By Reference to Pricing Models Used By GS&Co.) Is Less Than the Original Issue Price Of Your Notes” on page S-11 of this prospectus supplement. The
information in the examples also reflect the key terms and assumptions in the box below.
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Key Terms and Assumptions
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Face amount
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$1,000
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Hypothetical initial index level of the S&P 500® Index
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2,700
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Hypothetical initial index level of the EURO STOXX 50® Index
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3,200
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Hypothetical initial index level of the Russell 2000® Index
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1,500
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Coupon
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$25
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Trigger buffer amount
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30%
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The notes are not automatically called, unless otherwise indicated below
Neither a market disruption event nor a non-trading day occurs on any originally scheduled coupon determination date or call observation date
or the originally scheduled determination date
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No change in or affecting any of the index stocks or the method by which the applicable index sponsor calculates any index
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Notes purchased on original issue date at the face amount and held to a call payment date or the stated maturity date
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Moreover, we have not yet set the initial index levels that will serve as the baseline for determining the
coupon payable on each coupon payment date, if any, if the notes will be automatically called, the index returns and the amount that we will pay on your notes, if any, on the call payment date or at maturity. We will not do so until the trade
date. As a result, the actual initial index levels may differ substantially from the index levels prior to the trade date. They may also differ substantially from the index levels at the time you purchase your notes.
For these reasons, the actual performance of the indices over the life of your notes, the actual index levels on any call observation date or coupon
determination date, as well as the coupon payable, if any, on each coupon payment date, may bear little relation to the hypothetical examples shown below or to the historical
index levels shown elsewhere in this prospectus supplement. For information about the index levels during recent periods, see “The Indices —
Historical Closing Levels of the Indices” on page S-51. Before investing in the notes, you should consult publicly available information to determine the index levels between the date of this prospectus supplement and the date of your purchase of
the notes.
Also, the hypothetical examples shown below do not take into account the effects of applicable taxes. Because of the U.S. tax
treatment applicable to your notes, tax liabilities could affect the after-tax rate of return on your notes to a comparatively greater extent than the after-tax return on the index stocks.
Hypothetical Coupon Payments
The examples below show hypothetical performances of each index as well as the hypothetical coupons, if any, that we would pay on
each coupon payment date with respect to each $1,000 face amount of the notes if the closing level of each index on the applicable coupon determination date were the hypothetical closing levels shown and the hypothetical coupon trigger levels (in
each case, 70% of the respective initial index level) were 1,890, 2,240 and 1,050 for the S&P 500® Index, the EURO STOXX 50® Index and the Russell 2000® Index, respectively.
Scenario 1
Hypothetical Coupon
Determination Date
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Hypothetical Closing
Level of the S&P 500®
Index
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Hypothetical Closing
Level of the EURO
STOXX 50® Index
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Hypothetical Closing
Level of the Russell
2000® Index
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Hypothetical Coupon
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First
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900
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3,200
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1,800
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$0
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Second
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2,100
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3,700
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1,300
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$25
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Third
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2,500
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2,000
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400
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$0
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Fourth
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2,900
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3,000
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1,200
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$25
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Fifth
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900
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2,800
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1,000
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$0
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Sixth
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1,100
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1,700
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900
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$0
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Total Hypothetical Coupons
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$50
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In Scenario 1, the hypothetical closing
level of each index increases and decreases by varying amounts on each hypothetical coupon determination date. Because the hypothetical closing level of each index on
the second and fourth hypothetical coupon determination dates is greater than or equal to its hypothetical coupon trigger level, the total of the hypothetical coupons
in Scenario 1 is $50. Because the hypothetical closing level of at least one index on all other coupon determination dates is less than its hypothetical coupon trigger level, no
further coupons will be paid, including at maturity.
Scenario 2
Hypothetical Coupon
Determination Date
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Hypothetical Closing
Level of the S&P 500®
Index
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Hypothetical Closing
Level of the EURO
STOXX 50® Index
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Hypothetical Closing
Level of the Russell
2000® Index
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Hypothetical Coupon
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First
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2,100
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3,200
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400
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$0
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Second
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2,900
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3,700
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450
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$0
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Third
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2,000
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2,000
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425
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$0
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Fourth
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1,900
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3,000
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450
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$0
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Fifth
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800
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2,800
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1,800
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$0
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Sixth
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1,200
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1,700
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1,000
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$0
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Total Hypothetical Coupons
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$0
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In Scenario 2, the hypothetical closing
level of each index increases and decreases by varying amounts on each hypothetical coupon determination date. Because in each case the hypothetical closing level of at least one index on the related coupon determination date is less than its hypothetical coupon trigger level, you will not receive a coupon payment on the applicable hypothetical coupon payment date. Since this occurs on every
hypothetical coupon determination date, the overall return you earn on your notes will be less than zero. Therefore, the total of the hypothetical coupons in Scenario 2 is $0.
Scenario 3
Hypothetical Coupon
Determination Date
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Hypothetical Closing
Level of the S&P 500®
Index
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Hypothetical Closing
Level of the EURO
STOXX 50® Index
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Hypothetical Closing
Level of the Russell
2000® Index
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Hypothetical Coupon
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First
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1,500
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2,100
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800
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$0
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Second
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3,000
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3,700
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1,800
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$25
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Total Hypothetical Coupons
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$25
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In Scenario 3, the hypothetical closing level of each
index is less than its hypothetical coupon trigger level on the
first hypothetical coupon determination date, but increases to a level that is greater than its hypothetical initial index level on the second hypothetical
coupon determination date. Because the hypothetical closing level of each index is greater than or equal to its hypothetical initial index level on the second hypothetical coupon determination date (which is also the first hypothetical call observation date), your notes
will be automatically called. Therefore, on the corresponding hypothetical call payment date, in addition to the hypothetical coupon of $25, you will receive an amount in cash equal to $1,000 for each $1,000 face amount of your notes.
Hypothetical Payment at Maturity
If the notes are not automatically called on any call observation date (i.e., on each call observation date the closing level of any
index is less than its initial index level), the cash settlement amount we would deliver for each $1,000 face amount of your notes on the stated maturity date will
depend on the performance of the lesser performing index on the determination date, as shown in the table below. The table below assumes that the notes have not been automatically called on a call observation date, does not include the final
coupon, if any, and reflects hypothetical cash settlement amounts that you could receive on the stated maturity date. If the final index level of the lesser performing index (as a percentage of the initial index level) is less than 70%, you will
not be paid a final coupon at maturity.
The levels in the left column of the table below represent hypothetical final index levels of the lesser performing index and are
expressed as percentages of the initial index level of the lesser performing index. The amounts in the middle column represent the hypothetical cash settlement amounts, based on the corresponding hypothetical final index level of the lesser
performing index (expressed as a percentage of the initial index level of the lesser performing index), assuming that a trigger event does not occur (i.e., the closing level of each index has not declined, as compared to the initial index level, by more than the trigger buffer amount during the measurement period), and
are expressed as percentages of the face amount of a note (rounded to the nearest one-thousandth of a percent). The amounts in the right column represent the hypothetical cash settlement amounts, based on the corresponding hypothetical final
index level of the lesser performing index (expressed as a percentage of the initial index level of the lesser performing index), assuming that a trigger event occurs (i.e., the closing level of any index has declined, as compared to the initial index level, by more than the trigger buffer amount during the measurement period), and are
expressed as percentages of the face amount of a note (rounded to the nearest one-thousandth of a percent). Thus, a hypothetical cash settlement amount of 100.000% means that the value of the cash payment that we would deliver for each $1,000 of
the outstanding face amount of the offered notes on the stated maturity date would equal 100.000% of the face amount of a note, based on the corresponding hypothetical final index level of the lesser performing index (expressed as a percentage of
the initial index level of the lesser performing index) and the assumptions noted above.
The Notes Have Not Been Automatically Called
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Hypothetical Final Index Level of the Lesser
Performing Index (as Percentage of Initial Index Level)
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Hypothetical Cash Settlement Amount at Maturity if the Notes Have
Not Been Automatically Called on a Call Observation Date (as
Percentage of Face Amount)
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Trigger Event Has Not Occurred
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Trigger Event Has Occurred
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175.000%
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100.000%*
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100.000%*
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150.000%
|
100.000%*
|
100.000%*
|
125.000%
|
100.000%*
|
100.000%*
|
100.000%
|
100.000%*
|
100.000%*
|
99.999%
|
100.000%*
|
99.999%*
|
80.000%
|
100.000%*
|
80.000%*
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70.000%
|
100.000%*
|
70.000%*
|
69.999%
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N/A
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69.999%
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40.000%
|
N/A
|
40.000%
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25.000%
|
N/A
|
25.000%
|
20.000%
|
N/A
|
20.000%
|
10.000%
|
N/A
|
10.000%
|
0.000%
|
N/A
|
0.000%
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*Does not include the final coupon
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If, for example, a trigger event has occurred and
the notes have not been automatically called on a call observation date and the final index level of the lesser performing index were determined to be 25.000% of its initial index
level, the cash settlement amount that we would deliver on your notes at maturity would be 25.000% of the face amount of your notes, as shown in the table above. As a result, if you purchased your notes on the original issue date at the face
amount and held them to the stated maturity date, you would lose 75.000% of your investment (if you purchased your notes at a premium to face amount you would lose a correspondingly higher percentage of your investment).
If, for example, a trigger event has not occurred
and the final index level of the lesser performing index were determined to be 80.000% of its initial index level, the cash settlement amount that we would deliver on your notes at maturity
would be 100.000% of the face amount of your notes, as shown in the table above. In addition, if the final index level of the lesser performing index were determined to be
175.000% of its initial index level, the cash settlement amount that we would deliver on your notes at maturity would be limited to 100.000% of each $1,000 face amount of your notes, as shown in the table above. As a result, if you held your
notes to the stated maturity date, you would not benefit from any increase in the final index level over the initial index level.
The cash settlement amounts shown above are entirely hypothetical; they are based on market prices for the index
stocks that may not be achieved on the determination date and on assumptions that may prove to be erroneous. The actual market value of your notes on the stated maturity date or at any other time, including any time you may wish to sell your
notes, may bear little relation to the hypothetical cash settlement amounts shown above, and these amounts should not be viewed as an indication of the financial return on an investment in the offered notes. The hypothetical cash settlement
amounts on notes held to the stated maturity date in the examples above assume you purchased your notes at their face amount and have not been adjusted to reflect the actual issue price you pay for your notes. The return on your investment
(whether positive or negative) in your notes will be affected by the amount you pay for your notes. If you purchase your notes for a price other than the face amount, the return on your investment will differ from, and may be significantly lower
than, the hypothetical returns suggested by the above examples. Please read “Additional Risk Factors Specific to Your Notes — The Market Value of Your Notes May Be Influenced by Many Unpredictable Factors” on page S-13.
Payments on the notes are economically equivalent to the amounts that would be paid on a combination of other instruments. For example, payments on
the notes are economically equivalent to a combination of an interest-bearing bond bought by the holder and one or more options entered into between the holder and us (with one or more implicit option premiums paid over time). The discussion in
this paragraph does not modify or affect the terms of the notes or the U.S. federal income tax treatment of the notes, as described elsewhere in this prospectus supplement.
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We cannot predict the actual closing levels of the indices on any day, the final index level of the indices or what the
market value of your notes will be on any particular trading day, nor can we predict the relationship between the closing levels of the indices and the market value of your notes at any time prior to the stated maturity date. The actual
coupon payment, if any, that a holder of the notes will receive on each coupon payment date, the actual amount that you will receive at maturity, if any, and the rate of return on the offered notes will depend on whether or not the notes
are called, the actual initial index levels and coupon, which we will set on the trade date, and on the actual closing levels of the indices during the measurement period and on the coupon determination dates and the actual final index
levels determined by the calculation agent as described above. Moreover, the assumptions on which the hypothetical examples are based may turn out to be inaccurate. Consequently, the coupon to be paid in respect of your notes, if any, and
the cash amount to be paid in respect of your notes on the stated maturity date, if any, may be very different from the information reflected in the examples above.
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ADDITIONAL RISK FACTORS SPECIFIC TO YOUR NOTES
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An investment in your notes is subject to the risks described below, as well as the risks and considerations described in
the accompanying prospectus and in the accompanying prospectus supplement. You should carefully review these risks and considerations as well as the terms of the notes described herein and in the accompanying prospectus and the
accompanying prospectus supplement. Your notes are a riskier investment than ordinary debt securities. Also, your notes are not equivalent to investing directly in the index stocks, i.e., with respect to an index to which your notes are
linked, the stocks comprising such index. You should carefully consider whether the offered notes are suited to your particular circumstances.
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The Estimated Value of Your Notes At the Time the Terms of Your Notes Are Set On the Trade Date (as
Determined By Reference to Pricing Models Used By GS&Co.) Is Less Than the Original Issue Price Of Your Notes
The original issue price for your notes exceeds the estimated value of your notes as of the time the terms of
your notes are set on the trade date, as determined by reference to GS&Co.’s pricing models and taking into account our credit spreads. Such estimated value on the trade date is set forth above under “Estimated Value of Your Notes”; after the
trade date, the estimated value as determined by reference to these models will be affected by changes in market conditions, the creditworthiness of GS Finance Corp., as issuer, the creditworthiness of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., as guarantor,
and other relevant factors. The price at which GS&Co. would initially buy or sell your notes (if GS&Co. makes a market, which it is not obligated to do), and the value that GS&Co. will initially use for account statements and
otherwise, also exceeds the estimated value of your notes as determined by reference to these models. As agreed by GS&Co. and the distribution participants, this excess (i.e., the additional amount described under “Estimated Value of Your
Notes”) will decline to zero on a straight line basis over the period from the date hereof through the applicable date set forth above under “Estimated Value of Your Notes”. Thereafter, if GS&Co. buys or sells your notes it will do so at
prices that reflect the estimated value determined by reference to such pricing models at that time. The price at which GS&Co. will buy or sell your notes at any time also will reflect its then current bid and ask spread for similar sized
trades of structured notes.
In estimating the value of your notes as of the time the terms of your notes are set on the trade date, as
disclosed above under “Estimated Value of Your Notes”, GS&Co.’s pricing models consider certain variables, including principally our credit spreads, interest rates (forecasted, current and historical rates), volatility, price-sensitivity
analysis and the time to maturity of the notes. These pricing models are proprietary and rely in part on certain assumptions about future events, which may prove to be incorrect. As a result, the actual value you would receive if you sold your
notes in the secondary market, if any, to others may differ, perhaps materially, from the estimated value of your notes determined by reference to our models due to, among other things, any differences in pricing models or assumptions used by
others. See “— The Market Value of Your Notes May Be Influenced by Many Unpredictable Factors” below.
The difference between the estimated value of your notes as of the time the terms of your notes are set on the
trade date and the original issue price is a result of certain factors, including principally the underwriting discount and commissions, the expenses incurred in creating, documenting and marketing the notes, and an estimate of the difference
between the amounts we pay to GS&Co. and the amounts GS&Co. pays to us in connection with your notes. We pay to GS&Co. amounts based on what we would pay to holders of a non-structured note with a similar maturity. In return for such
payment, GS&Co. pays to us the amounts we owe under your notes.
In addition to the factors discussed above, the value and quoted price of your notes at any time will reflect many factors and
cannot be predicted. If GS&Co. makes a market in the notes, the price quoted by GS&Co. would reflect any changes in market conditions and other relevant factors, including any deterioration in our creditworthiness or perceived
creditworthiness or the creditworthiness or perceived creditworthiness of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. These changes may adversely affect the value of your notes, including the price you may receive for your notes in any market making
transaction. To the extent that GS&Co. makes a market in the notes, the quoted price will reflect the estimated value determined by reference to GS&Co.’s pricing models at that time, plus or minus its then current bid and ask spread for similar sized trades of structured notes (and subject to the declining excess amount described above).
Furthermore, if you sell your notes, you will likely be charged a commission for secondary market transactions,
or the price will likely reflect a dealer discount. This commission or discount will further reduce the proceeds you would receive for your notes in a secondary market sale.
There is no assurance that GS&Co. or any other party will be willing to purchase your notes at any price
and, in this regard, GS&Co. is not obligated to make a market in the notes. See “— Your Notes May Not Have an Active Trading Market” below.
The Notes Are Subject to the Credit Risk of the Issuer and the Guarantor
Although the coupons (if any) and return on the notes will be based on the performance of each index, the
payment of any amount due on the notes is subject to the credit risk of GS Finance Corp., as issuer of the notes, and the credit risk of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., as guarantor of the notes. The notes are our unsecured obligations. Investors
are dependent on our ability to pay all amounts due on the notes, and therefore investors are subject to our credit risk and to changes in the market’s view of our creditworthiness. Similarly, investors are dependent on the ability of The Goldman
Sachs Group, Inc., as guarantor of the notes, to pay all amounts due on the notes, and therefore are also subject to its credit risk and to changes in the market’s view of its creditworthiness. See “Description of the Notes We May Offer —
Information About Our Medium-Term Notes, Series E Program — How the Notes Rank Against Other Debt” on page S-4 of the accompanying prospectus supplement and “Description of Debt Securities We May Offer – Guarantee by The Goldman Sachs Group,
Inc.” on page 42 of the accompanying prospectus.
You May Lose Your Entire Investment in the Notes
You can lose your entire investment in the notes. Assuming your notes are not automatically called, the cash
settlement amount on your notes, if any, on the stated maturity date will be based on (i) the performances of the S&P 500® Index, the EURO STOXX 50® Index and the Russell 2000® Index during the measurement period and (ii) the performance of the lesser performing of the S&P 500® Index, the EURO STOXX 50® Index and the Russell 2000® Index as measured from their initial index levels set on the trade date to their closing levels on the determination
date. If a trigger event has occurred (i.e. the closing level of any index is less than 70% of its initial index level on any trading day during the measurement period) and the final index level of any index is less than the initial index level you will have a loss for each $1,000 of the face amount of your notes equal to the product
of the lesser performing index return times $1,000. Thus, you may lose your entire investment in the notes, which would include any premium to face amount you paid
when you purchased the notes.
Also, the market price of your notes prior to a call
payment date or the stated maturity date, as the case may be, may be significantly lower than the purchase price you pay for your notes. Consequently, if you sell your notes before the stated maturity date, you may receive far less than the
amount of your investment in the notes.
You May Not Receive a Coupon on Any Coupon Payment Date
If the closing level of any index on the related coupon determination date is less than its coupon trigger level, you will not receive a coupon payment on the applicable coupon payment date. If this occurs on every coupon determination date, the overall return you earn on your notes will be
less than zero and such return will be less than you would have earned by investing in a note that bears interest at the prevailing market rate.
Although you will receive a coupon if the closing level of each index on the related coupon determination date is greater than or equal to its coupon
trigger level, the coupon paid on the corresponding coupon payment date will be equal to between $25 and $27.5 (set on the trade date). You should be aware that, with respect to prior coupon determination dates that did not result in the payment
of a coupon, you will not be compensated for any opportunity cost implied by inflation and other factors relating to the time value of money. Further, there is no guarantee that you will receive any coupon payment with respect to the notes at
any time and you may lose your entire investment in the notes.
Your Notes Are Subject to Automatic Redemption
We will automatically call and redeem all, but not part, of your notes on a call payment date if, as measured on
any call observation date, the closing level of each index is greater than or equal to its initial index level. Therefore, the term for your notes may be reduced to approximately six months after the original issue date. You will not receive any
additional coupon payments after the notes are automatically called and you may not be able to reinvest the proceeds from an investment in the notes at a comparable return for a similar level of risk in the event the notes are automatically
called prior to maturity.
The Coupon Does Not Reflect the Actual Performance of the Indices from the Trade Date to Any Coupon Determination Date or from
Coupon Determination Date to Coupon Determination Date
The coupon for each quarterly coupon payment date is different from, and may be less than, a coupon determined
based on the percentage difference of the closing levels of the indices between the trade date and any coupon determination date or between two coupon determination dates. Accordingly, the coupons, if any, on the notes may be less than the return
you could earn on another instrument linked to the indices that pay coupons based on the performance of the indices from the trade date to any coupon determination date or from coupon determination date to coupon determination date.
The Cash Settlement Amount Will Be Based Solely on the Lesser Performing Index
If the notes are not automatically called, the cash settlement amount will be based on the lesser performing
index without regard to the performance of the other indices. As a result, you could lose all or some of your initial investment if the lesser performing index return is negative, even if there is an increase in the level of the other indices.
This could be the case even if each other index increased by an amount greater than the decrease in the lesser performing index.
In addition, if a trigger event occurs (i.e. the closing level of any index is less than 70% of its initial
index level on any trading day during the measurement period), at maturity you will be exposed to the downside performance of each index. For example, if a trigger event occurs because the closing level of the S&P 500® Index
declines below its initial index level by more than the trigger buffer amount during the measurement period, but the level of the S&P 500® Index increases and is greater than its initial index level on the determination date, you
will still receive less than the face amount of your notes if the level of the Russell 2000® Index or the EURO STOXX 50® Index declines below its
initial index level on the determination date. As a result, if a trigger event occurs, the downside performance of any index will result in your receiving less than the face amount at maturity.
The Market Value of Your Notes May Be Influenced by Many Unpredictable Factors
When we refer to the market value of your notes, we mean the value that you could receive for your notes if you
chose to sell them in the open market before the stated maturity date. A number of factors, many of which are beyond our control, will influence the market value of your notes, including:
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the levels of the indices;
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the volatility – i.e., the frequency and magnitude of changes – in the closing levels of the indices;
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the dividend rates of the index stocks;
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economic, financial, regulatory, political, military and other events that affect stock markets generally and the index stocks, and which may affect the closing levels of the
indices;
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interest rates and yield rates in the market;
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the time remaining until your notes mature; and
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our creditworthiness and the creditworthiness of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc., whether actual or perceived, and including actual or anticipated upgrades or downgrades in our credit
ratings or the credit ratings of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. or changes in other credit measures.
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These factors, and many other factors, will influence the price you will receive if you sell your notes before maturity,
including the price you may receive for your notes in any market making transaction. If you sell your notes before maturity, you may receive less than the face amount of your notes.
You cannot predict the future performance of the indices based on their historical performance. The actual performance of the
indices over the life of the offered notes, the cash settlement amount paid on a call payment date or the stated maturity date, as the case may be, as well as the coupon payable, if any, on each coupon payment date, may bear little or no relation
to the historical closing levels of the indices or to the hypothetical examples shown elsewhere in this prospectus supplement.
If You Purchase Your Notes at a Premium to Face Amount, the Return on Your Investment Will Be Lower Than the
Return on Notes Purchased at Face Amount and the Impact of Certain Key Terms of the Notes Will Be Negatively Affected
The cash settlement amount you will be paid for your notes on the stated maturity date, if any, or the amount
you will be paid on a call payment date will not be adjusted based on the issue price you pay for the notes. If you purchase notes at a price that differs from the face amount of the notes, then the return on your investment in such notes held to
a call payment date or the stated maturity date will differ from, and may be substantially less than, the return on notes purchased at face amount. If you purchase your notes at a premium to face amount and hold them to a call payment date or the
stated maturity date, the return on your investment in the notes will be lower than it would have been had you purchased the notes at face amount or a discount to face amount.
If the Levels of the Indices Change, the Market Value of Your Notes May Not Change in the Same Manner
The price of your notes may move differently than the performance of the indices. Changes in the levels of the
indices may not result in a comparable change in the market value of your notes. Even if the closing level of each index is greater than or equal to its initial index level during some portion of the life of the notes, the market value of your
notes may not reflect this. We discuss some of the reasons for this disparity under “— The Market Value of Your Notes May Be Influenced by Many Unpredictable Factors” above.
The Return on Your Notes May Change Significantly Despite Only a Small Change in the Level of the Index
If a trigger event occurs and the final index level of the lesser performing index is less than its initial index level, you will
receive less than the face amount of your notes and you could lose all or a substantial portion of your investment in the notes. This means that while a 30% drop between the initial index level and the closing level of any index on any day during
the measurement period will not result in a loss of principal on the notes (since a trigger event will not have occurred), a decrease in the closing level of any index to less than 70% of its initial index level on any day during the measurement
period may, or a decrease in the final index level of the lesser performing index to less than 70% of its initial index level will, result in a loss of a significant portion of the principal amount of the notes despite only a small change in the
level of the index.
Anticipated Hedging Activities by Goldman Sachs or Our Distributors May Negatively Impact Investors in the Notes and Cause Our
Interests and Those of Our Clients and Counterparties to be Contrary to Those of Investors in the Notes
Goldman Sachs expects to hedge our obligations under the notes by purchasing listed or over-the-counter options, futures and/or
other instruments linked to the indices or the index stocks. Goldman Sachs also expects to adjust the hedge by, among other things, purchasing or selling any of the foregoing, and perhaps other instruments linked to the indices or the index
stocks, at any time and from time to time, and to unwind the hedge by selling any of the foregoing on or before the determination date for your notes. Alternatively, Goldman Sachs may hedge all or part of our obligations under the notes with
unaffiliated distributors of the notes which we expect will undertake similar market activity. Goldman Sachs may also enter into, adjust and unwind hedging transactions relating to other index-linked notes whose returns are linked to changes in
the levels of the indices or the index stocks, as applicable.
In addition to entering into such transactions itself, or distributors entering into such transactions, Goldman Sachs may structure such transactions
for its clients or counterparties, or otherwise advise or assist clients or counterparties in entering into such transactions. These activities may be undertaken to achieve a variety of objectives, including: permitting other purchasers of the
notes or other securities to hedge their investment in whole or in part; facilitating transactions for other clients or counterparties that may have business objectives or investment strategies that are inconsistent with or contrary to those of
investors in the notes; hedging the exposure of Goldman Sachs to the notes including any interest in the
notes that it reacquires or retains as part of the offering process, through its market-making activities or otherwise; enabling Goldman Sachs to
comply with its internal risk limits or otherwise manage firmwide, business unit or product risk; and/or enabling Goldman Sachs to take directional views as to relevant markets on behalf of itself or its clients or counterparties that are
inconsistent with or contrary to the views and objectives of the investors in the notes.
Any of these hedging or other activities may adversely affect the levels of the indices — directly or indirectly by affecting the
price of the index stocks — and therefore the market value of your notes and the amount we will pay on your notes, if any. In addition, you should expect that these transactions will cause Goldman Sachs or its clients, counterparties or
distributors to have economic interests and incentives that do not align with, and that may be directly contrary to, those of an investor in the notes. Neither Goldman Sachs nor any distributor will have any obligation to take, refrain from
taking or cease taking any action with respect to these transactions based on the potential effect on an investor in the notes, and may receive substantial returns on hedging or other activities while the value of your notes declines. In
addition, if the distributor from which you purchase notes is to conduct hedging activities in connection with the notes, that distributor may otherwise profit in connection with such hedging activities and such profit, if any, will be in
addition to the compensation that the distributor receives for the sale of the notes to you. You should be aware that the potential to earn fees in connection with hedging activities may create a further incentive for the distributor to sell the
notes to you in addition to the compensation they would receive for the sale of the notes.
Goldman Sachs’ Trading and Investment Activities for its Own Account or for its Clients, Could Negatively Impact Investors in
the Notes
Goldman Sachs is a global investment banking, securities and investment management firm that provides a wide range of financial
services to a substantial and diversified client base that includes corporations, financial institutions, governments and individuals. As such, it acts as an investor, investment banker, research provider, investment manager, investment advisor,
market maker, trader, prime broker and lender. In those and other capacities, Goldman Sachs purchases, sells or holds a broad array of investments, actively trades securities, derivatives, loans, commodities, currencies, credit default swaps,
indices, baskets and other financial instruments and products for its own account or for the accounts of its customers, and will have other direct or indirect interests, in the global fixed income, currency, commodity, equity, bank loan and other
markets. Any of Goldman Sachs’ financial market activities may, individually or in the aggregate, have an adverse effect on the market for your notes, and you should expect that the interests of Goldman Sachs or its clients or counterparties
will at times be adverse to those of investors in the notes.
Goldman Sachs regularly offers a wide array of securities, financial instruments and other products into the
marketplace, including existing or new products that are similar to your notes, or similar or linked to the indices or index stocks. Investors in the notes should expect that Goldman Sachs will offer securities, financial instruments, and other
products that will compete with the notes for liquidity, research coverage or otherwise.
Goldman Sachs’ Market-Making Activities Could Negatively Impact Investors in the Notes
Goldman Sachs actively makes markets in and trades financial instruments for its own account and for the accounts of customers.
These financial instruments include debt and equity securities, currencies, commodities, bank loans, indices, baskets and other products. Goldman Sachs’ activities include, among other things, executing large block trades and taking long and
short positions directly and indirectly, through derivative instruments or otherwise. The securities and instruments in which Goldman Sachs takes positions, or expects to take positions, include securities and instruments of an index or index
stocks, securities and instruments similar to or linked to the foregoing or the currencies in which they are denominated. Market making is an activity where Goldman Sachs buys and sells on behalf of customers, or for its own account, to satisfy
the expected demand of customers. By its nature, market making involves facilitating transactions among market participants that have differing views of securities and instruments. As a result, you should expect that Goldman Sachs will take
positions that are inconsistent with, or adverse to, the investment objectives of investors in the notes.
If Goldman Sachs becomes a holder of any securities of the indices or index stocks in its capacity as a market-maker or
otherwise, any actions that it takes in its capacity as securityholder, including voting or provision of consents, will not necessarily be aligned with, and may be inconsistent with, the interests of investors in the notes.
You Should Expect That Goldman Sachs Personnel Will Take Research Positions, or Otherwise Make
Recommendations, Provide Investment Advice or Market Color or Encourage Trading Strategies That Might Negatively Impact Investors in the Notes
Goldman Sachs and its personnel, including its sales and trading, investment research and investment management
personnel, regularly make investment recommendations, provide market color or trading ideas, or publish or express independent views in respect of a wide range of markets, issuers, securities and instruments. They regularly implement, or
recommend to clients that they implement, various investment strategies relating to these markets, issuers, securities and instruments. These strategies include, for example, buying or selling credit protection against a default or other event
involving an issuer or financial instrument. Any of these recommendations and views may be negative with respect to the indices or index stocks or other securities or instruments similar to or linked to the foregoing or result in trading
strategies that have a negative impact on the market for any such securities or instruments, particularly in illiquid markets. In addition, you should expect that personnel in the trading and investing businesses of Goldman Sachs will have or
develop independent views of the indices or index stocks, the relevant industry or other market trends, which may not be aligned with the views and objectives of investors in the notes.
Goldman Sachs Regularly Provides Services to, or Otherwise Has Business Relationships with, a Broad Client
Base, Which May Include the Sponsors of an Index or the Issuers of the Index Stocks or Other Entities That Are Involved in the Transaction
Goldman Sachs regularly provides financial advisory, investment advisory and transactional services to a
substantial and diversified client base, and you should assume that Goldman Sachs will, at present or in the future, provide such services or otherwise engage in transactions with, among others, the sponsors of the indices or the issuers of the
index stocks, or transact in securities or instruments or with parties that are directly or indirectly related to the foregoing. These services could include making loans to or equity investments in those companies, providing financial advisory
or other investment banking services, or issuing research reports. You should expect that Goldman Sachs, in providing such services, engaging in such transactions, or acting for its own account, may take actions that have direct or indirect
effects on the indices or index stocks, as applicable, and that such actions could be adverse to the interests of investors in the notes. In addition, in connection with these activities, certain Goldman Sachs personnel may have access to
confidential material non-public information about these parties that would not be disclosed to Goldman Sachs employees that were not working on such transactions as Goldman Sachs has established internal information barriers that are designed to
preserve the confidentiality of non-public information. Therefore, any such confidential material non-public information would not be shared with Goldman Sachs employees involved in structuring, selling or making markets in the notes or with
investors in the notes.
In this offering, as well as in all other circumstances in which Goldman Sachs receives any fees or other
compensation in any form relating to services provided to or transactions with any other party, no accounting, offset or payment in respect of the notes will be required or made; Goldman Sachs will be entitled to retain all such fees and other
amounts, and no fees or other compensation payable by any party or indirectly by holders of the notes will be reduced by reason of receipt by Goldman Sachs of any such other fees or other amounts.
The Offering of the Notes May Reduce an Existing Exposure of Goldman Sachs or Facilitate a Transaction or
Position That Serves the Objectives of Goldman Sachs or Other Parties
A completed offering may reduce Goldman Sachs’ existing exposure to the indices or index stocks, securities and instruments
similar to or linked to the foregoing or the currencies in which they are denominated, including exposure gained through hedging transactions in anticipation of this offering. An offering of notes will effectively transfer a portion of Goldman
Sachs’ exposure (and indirectly transfer the exposure of Goldman Sachs’ hedging or other counterparties) to investors in the notes.
The terms of the offering (including the selection of the indices or index stocks, and the establishment of other transaction
terms) may have been selected in order to serve the investment or other objectives of Goldman Sachs or another client or counterparty of Goldman Sachs. In such a case, Goldman Sachs would typically receive the input of other parties that are
involved in or otherwise have an interest in the offering, transactions hedged by the offering, or related transactions. The incentives of these other parties would normally differ from and in many cases be contrary to those of investors in the
notes.
Other Investors in the Notes May Not Have the Same Interests as You
Other investors in the notes are not required to take into account the interests of any other investor in
exercising remedies or voting or other rights in their capacity as securityholders or in making requests or recommendations to Goldman Sachs as to the establishment of other transaction terms. The interests of other investors may, in some
circumstances, be adverse to your interests. For example, certain investors may take short positions (directly or indirectly through derivative transactions) on assets that are the same or similar to your notes, index, index stocks or other
similar securities, which may adversely impact the market for or value of your notes.
The Policies of an Index Sponsor and Changes that Affect an Index or the Index Stocks Comprising an Index,
Could Affect the Coupons Payable on Your Notes, if Any, the Cash Settlement Amount If the Notes Are Automatically Called on any Call Observation Date or the Cash Settlement Amount on the Stated Maturity Date and the Market Value of Your Notes
The policies of an index sponsor concerning the calculation of the level of an index, additions, deletions or
substitutions of the index stocks comprising such index, and the manner in which changes affecting such index stocks or their issuers, such as stock dividends, reorganizations or mergers, are reflected in the index level, could affect the level
of such index and, therefore, whether the notes are automatically called, the coupon payable on your notes, if any, on any coupon payment date and the market value of your notes. Whether the notes are automatically called, the coupons payable on
your notes, if any, and their market value could also be affected if an index sponsor changes these policies, for example, by changing the manner in which it calculates the index level, or if the index sponsor discontinues or suspends calculation
or publication of such index level, in which case it may become difficult to determine the market value of your notes. If events such as these occur, the calculation agent — which initially will be GS&Co., our affiliate — may determine the
applicable index levels on any such date — and thus the amount payable on any coupon payment date, if any, or the cash settlement amount if the notes are automatically called on any call observation date or the cash settlement amount on the
stated maturity date, as applicable — in a manner it considers appropriate, in its sole discretion. We describe the discretion that the calculation agent will have in determining the applicable index levels on any trading day, a coupon
determination date, a call observation date or the determination date and the coupons payable on your notes, if any, or the cash settlement amount more fully under “Specific Terms of Your Notes — Discontinuance or Modification of an Index” and “—
Role of Calculation Agent” below.
The Return on Your Notes Will Not Reflect Any Dividends Paid on the Index Stocks
The applicable index sponsor calculates the level of an index by reference to the prices of the index stocks, without taking
account of the value of dividends paid on those index stocks. Therefore, the return on your notes will not reflect the return you would realize if you actually owned the index stocks included in each index and received the dividends paid on
those index stocks. You will not receive any dividends that may be paid on any of the index stocks by the index stock issuers. See “— You Have No Shareholder Rights or Rights to Receive Any Index Stock” below for additional information.
You Have No Shareholder Rights or Rights to Receive Any Index Stock
Investing in your notes will not make you a holder of any of the index stocks. Neither you nor any other holder or owner of
your notes will have any rights with respect to the index stocks, including any voting rights, any right to receive dividends or other distributions, any rights to make a claim against the index stocks or any other rights of a holder of the index
stocks. Your notes will be paid in cash, as will any coupon payments, and you will have no right to receive delivery of any index stocks.
Past Index Performance is No Guide to Future Performance
The actual performance of the indices over the life of the notes, as well as the amount payable on any coupon
payment date, call payment date or at maturity, if any, may bear little relation to the historical closing levels of the indices or to the hypothetical examples set forth elsewhere in this prospectus supplement. We cannot predict the future
performance of the indices.
As Calculation Agent, GS&Co. Will Have the Authority to Make Determinations that Could Affect the Value of
Your Notes
As calculation agent for your notes, GS&Co. will have discretion in making certain determinations that
affect your notes, including determining: the closing levels of the indices on any coupon determination date, which we will use to determine the coupon, if any, we will pay on any applicable coupon payment date; whether your notes will be
automatically called; the final index level of the lesser performing index on the determination date, which we will use to determine the amount we must pay on the stated maturity date; whether to exclude a trading day during the measurement
period due to a market disruption event; whether to postpone a coupon determination date or the determination date because of a market disruption event or a non-trading day; whether a trigger event has occurred; the coupon determination dates;
the coupon payment dates; the call observation dates; the call payment dates and the stated maturity date. The calculation agent also has discretion in making certain adjustments relating to a discontinuation or modification of the indices. See
“Specific Terms of Your Notes — Discontinuance or Modification of an Index” below. The exercise of this discretion by GS&Co. could adversely affect the value of your notes and may present GS&Co. with a conflict of interest. We may change
the calculation agent at any time without notice and GS&Co. may resign as calculation agent at any time upon 60 days’ written notice to us.
Your Notes May Not Have an Active Trading Market
Your notes will not be listed or displayed on any securities exchange or included in any interdealer market
quotation system, and there may be little or no secondary market for your notes. Even if a secondary market for your notes develops, it may not provide significant liquidity and we expect that transaction costs in any secondary market would be
high. As a result, the difference between bid and asked prices for your notes in any secondary market could be substantial.
The Calculation Agent Can Postpone a Coupon Determination Date or the Determination Date, as the Case May Be,
If a Market Disruption Event or a Non-Trading Day Occurs or is Continuing
If the calculation agent determines that, on a date that would otherwise be a coupon determination date or the
determination date, a market disruption event has occurred or is continuing with respect to any index or that day is not a trading day with respect to any index, such coupon determination date or the determination date will be postponed as
provided under “Specific Terms of Your Notes — Coupon Determination Dates” and “Specific Terms of Your Notes — Determination Date”, as applicable. In no case, however, will the coupon determination date or the determination date be postponed to
a date later than the corresponding originally scheduled coupon payment date or the originally scheduled stated maturity date, as applicable, or if the corresponding originally scheduled coupon payment date or the originally scheduled stated
maturity date is not a business day, later than the first business day after the corresponding originally scheduled coupon payment date or the originally scheduled stated maturity date. Moreover, if a coupon determination date or the
determination date, as applicable, is postponed to the last possible day, but the market disruption event has not ceased by that day or that day is not a trading day, that day will nevertheless be the coupon determination date or the
determination date, as applicable, for the corresponding coupon payment date or stated maturity date. In such a case, the calculation agent will determine the applicable closing levels or final index levels for such coupon determination date or
the determination date based on the procedures described under “Specific Terms of Your Notes — Consequences of a Market Disruption Event or a Non-Trading Day” below.
We May Sell an Additional Aggregate Face Amount of the Notes at a Different Issue Price
At our sole option, we may decide to sell an additional aggregate face amount of the notes subsequent to the date of this
prospectus supplement. The issue price of the notes in the subsequent sale may differ substantially (higher or lower) from the issue price you paid as provided on the cover of this prospectus supplement.
Except to the Extent The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Is One of the Companies Whose Common Stock Comprises the
S&P 500® Index, There Is No Affiliation Between the Index Stock Issuers or the Index Sponsors and Us
The common stock of The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. is one of the index stocks comprising the S&P 500® Index. We
are not otherwise affiliated with the issuers of the index stocks or the index sponsors. As we have told you above, however, we or our affiliates may currently or from time to time in the future own securities of, or engage in business with the
index sponsors or the index stock issuers. Neither we nor any of our affiliates have participated in the preparation of any publicly available information or made any “due diligence”
investigation or inquiry with respect to the indices or any of the other index stock issuers. You, as an investor in your notes, should make your own investigation into the indices and the index stock issuers. See “The Indices” below
for additional information about each index.
Neither the index sponsors nor any of the other index stock issuers are involved in the offering of your notes in any way and
none of them have any obligation of any sort with respect to your notes. Thus, neither the index sponsors nor any of the other index stock issuers have any obligation to take your interests into consideration for any reason, including in taking
any corporate actions that might affect the market value of your notes.
Your Notes Are Linked to the EURO
STOXX 50® Index, Which Is Comprised of Index Stocks That Are Traded in a
Foreign Currency But Not Adjusted to Reflect Their U.S. Dollar Value, And, Therefore, the Return on Your Notes Will Not Be Adjusted for Changes in the Foreign Currency Exchange Rate
Your notes are linked to the EURO STOXX
50® Index whose index stocks are traded in a foreign currency but not adjusted to reflect
their U.S. dollar value. The amount payable on your notes will not be adjusted for changes in the euro/U.S. dollar exchange rate. The amount payable will be based, in part, upon the overall change in the level of the EURO STOXX 50® Index. Changes in foreign currency exchange rates, however, may reflect changes in the economy of the
foreign countries in which the index’s component stocks are listed that, in turn, may affect the level of the EURO STOXX 50® Index.
An Investment in the
Offered Notes Is Subject to Risks Associated with Foreign Securities
The value of your notes
is linked, in part, to an index (the EURO STOXX 50® Index) that is comprised of stocks
from one or more foreign securities markets. Investments linked to the value of foreign equity securities involve particular risks. Any foreign securities market may be less liquid, more volatile and affected by global or domestic market
developments in a different way than are the U.S. securities market or other foreign securities markets. Both government intervention in a foreign securities market, either directly or indirectly, and cross-shareholdings in foreign companies,
may affect trading prices and volumes in that market. Also, there is generally less publicly available information about foreign companies than about those U.S. companies that are subject to the reporting requirements of the U.S. Securities and
Exchange Commission. Further, foreign companies are subject to accounting, auditing and financial reporting standards and requirements that differ from those applicable to U.S. reporting companies.
The prices of securities in a foreign country are subject to
political, economic, financial and social factors that are unique to such foreign country’s geographical region. These factors include: recent changes, or the possibility of future changes, in the applicable foreign government’s economic and
fiscal policies; the possible implementation of, or changes in, currency exchange laws or other laws or restrictions applicable to foreign companies or investments in foreign equity securities; fluctuations, or the possibility of fluctuations,
in currency exchange rates; and the possibility of outbreaks of hostility, political instability, natural disaster or adverse public health developments. The United Kingdom has voted to leave the European Union (popularly known as “Brexit”).
The effect of Brexit is uncertain, and Brexit has and may continue to contribute to volatility in the prices of securities of companies located in Europe and currency exchange rates, including the valuation of the euro and British pound in
particular. Any one of these factors, or the combination of more than one of these factors, could negatively affect such foreign securities market and the price of securities therein. Further, geographical regions may react to global factors in
different ways, which may cause the prices of securities in a foreign securities market to fluctuate in a way that differs from those of securities in the U.S. securities market or other foreign securities markets. Foreign economies may also differ from the U.S. economy in important respects, including growth of gross national product, rate
of inflation, capital reinvestment, resources and self-sufficiency, which may have a positive or negative effect on foreign securities prices.
Certain Considerations for Insurance Companies and Employee Benefit Plans
Any insurance company or fiduciary of a pension plan or other employee benefit plan that is subject to the
prohibited transaction rules of the Employee Retirement Income Security Act of 1974, as amended, which we call “ERISA”, or the Internal Revenue Code of 1986, as amended, including an IRA or a Keogh plan (or a governmental plan to which similar
prohibitions apply), and that is considering purchasing the offered notes with the assets of the insurance company or the assets of such a plan, should consult with its counsel regarding whether the purchase or holding of the offered notes could
become a “prohibited transaction” under ERISA, the Internal Revenue Code or any substantially similar prohibition in light of the representations a purchaser or holder in any of the above categories is deemed to make by purchasing and holding the
offered notes. This is discussed in more detail under “Employee Retirement Income Security Act” below.
The Tax Consequences of an Investment in Your Notes Are Uncertain
The tax consequences of an investment in your notes are uncertain, both as to the timing and character of any
inclusion in income in respect of your notes.
The Internal Revenue Service announced on December 7, 2007 that it is considering issuing guidance regarding the
tax treatment of an instrument such as your notes, and any such guidance could adversely affect the value and the tax treatment of your notes. Among other things, the Internal Revenue Service may decide to require the holders to accrue ordinary
income on a current basis and recognize ordinary income on payment at maturity, and could subject non-U.S. investors to withholding tax. Furthermore, in 2007, legislation was introduced in Congress that, if enacted, would have required holders
that acquired instruments such as your notes after the bill was enacted to accrue interest income over the term of such instruments even though there may be no interest payments over the term of such instruments. It is not possible to predict
whether a similar or identical bill will be enacted in the future, or whether any such bill would affect the tax treatment of your notes. We describe these developments in more detail under “Supplemental Discussion of Federal Income Tax
Consequences – United States Holders – Possible Change in Law” below. You should consult your tax advisor about this matter. Except to the extent otherwise provided by law, GS Finance Corp. intends to continue treating the notes for U.S. federal
income tax purposes in accordance with the treatment described under “Supplemental Discussion of Federal Income Tax Consequences” on page S-55 below unless and until such time as Congress, the Treasury Department or the Internal Revenue Service
determine that some other treatment is more appropriate. Please also consult your tax advisor concerning the U.S. federal income tax and any other applicable tax consequences to you of owning your notes in your particular circumstances.
Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act (FATCA) Withholding May Apply to Payments on Your Notes, Including as a Result of the Failure of the Bank or
Broker Through Which You Hold the Notes to Provide Information to Tax Authorities
Please see the discussion under “United States Taxation — Taxation of Debt Securities — Foreign Account Tax Compliance Act
(FATCA) Withholding” in the accompanying prospectus for a description of the applicability of FATCA to payments made on your notes.
SPECIFIC TERMS OF YOUR NOTES
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We refer to the notes we are offering by this prospectus supplement as the “offered notes” or the “notes”. Please note
that in this prospectus supplement, references to “GS Finance Corp.”, “we”, “our” and “us” mean only GS Finance Corp. and do not include its subsidiaries or affiliates, references to “The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc.”, our parent company,
mean only The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. and do not include its subsidiaries or affiliates and references to “Goldman Sachs” mean The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. together with its consolidated subsidiaries and affiliates, including us. Also,
references to the “accompanying prospectus” mean the accompanying prospectus, dated July 10, 2017, and references to the “accompanying prospectus supplement” mean the accompanying prospectus supplement, dated July 10, 2017, for
Medium-Term Notes, Series E, in each case of GS Finance Corp. and The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. Please note that in this section entitled “Specific Terms of Your Notes”, references to “holders” mean those who own notes registered in
their own names, on the books that we or the trustee maintain for this purpose, and not those who own beneficial interests in notes registered in street name or in notes issued in book-entry form through The Depository Trust Company.
Please review the special considerations that apply to owners of beneficial interests in the accompanying prospectus, under “Legal Ownership and Book-Entry Issuance”.
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The offered notes are part of a series of debt securities, entitled “Medium-Term Notes, Series E”, that we may issue under the
indenture from time to time as described in the accompanying prospectus supplement and accompanying prospectus. The offered notes are also “indexed debt securities”, as defined in the accompanying prospectus.
This prospectus supplement summarizes specific financial and other terms that apply to the offered notes, including your notes;
terms that apply generally to all Series E medium-term notes are described in “Description of Notes We May Offer” in the accompanying prospectus supplement. The terms described here supplement those described in the accompanying prospectus
supplement and the accompanying prospectus and, if the terms described here are inconsistent with those described there, the terms described here are controlling.
In addition to those terms described under “Summary Information” in this prospectus supplement, the following terms will apply
to your notes:
Specified currency:
Form of note:
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global form only: yes, at DTC
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non-global form available: no
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Denominations: each note registered in the name of a holder must have
a face amount of $1,000 or an integral multiple of $1,000 in excess thereof
Defeasance applies as follows:
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covenant defeasance: no
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Other terms:
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the default amount will be payable on any acceleration of the maturity of your notes as described under “— Special Calculation Provisions” below
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a business day for your notes will not be the same as a business day for our other Series E medium-term notes, as described under “— Special Calculation Provisions” below
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a trading day for your notes will be as described under “— Special Calculation Provisions” below
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Please note that the information about the settlement or trade date, issue price, discount or commission and net proceeds to GS
Finance Corp. on the front cover page or elsewhere in this prospectus supplement relates only to the initial issuance and sale of the offered notes. We may decide to sell additional notes on one or more dates after the date of this prospectus
supplement, at issue prices and with underwriting discounts and net proceeds that differ from the amounts set forth on the front cover page or elsewhere in this prospectus supplement. If you have purchased your notes in a market-making
transaction after the initial issuance and sale of the offered notes, any such relevant information about the sale to you will be provided in a separate confirmation of sale.
We describe the terms of your notes in more detail below.
Index, Index Sponsor and Index Stocks
In this prospectus supplement, when we refer to an index, we mean either the S&P 500® Index, the EURO STOXX 50® Index or the Russell 2000® Index specified on the front cover page, or any successor index, as each may be modified, replaced or adjusted from time to
time as described under “— Discontinuance or Modification of an Index” below. When we refer to an index sponsor as of any time, we mean the entity, including any successor sponsor, that determines and publishes the applicable index as then in
effect. When we refer to the index stocks of an index as of any time, we mean the stocks that comprise the index as then in effect, after giving effect to any additions, deletions or substitutions.
Automatic Call Feature
If, as measured on any call observation date, the closing level of each
index is greater than or equal to its initial index level, your notes will be
automatically called; if your notes are automatically called on any call observation date, on the corresponding call payment date, in addition to the coupon then due, you will receive an amount in cash equal to $1,000 for each $1,000 face amount
of your notes.
Payment of a Contingent Coupon
Subject to the automatic call feature, on each coupon payment date, for each $1,000 face amount of your notes, we will pay you an
amount in cash equal to:
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if the closing level of each index on the related coupon determination date is greater than or equal to its coupon trigger level, between $25 and $27.5 (set on the trade date); or
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if the closing level of any index on the related coupon determination date is less than its coupon trigger level, $0
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For each index, the coupon trigger level is equal to 70% of its initial index level.
Payment of Principal on Stated Maturity Date
If your notes are not automatically called, for each $1,000 face amount of your notes, we will pay you on the stated maturity date an amount in cash equal to:
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If a trigger event has not occurred, $1,000, plus a coupon payment; and
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If a trigger event has occurred, either:
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If the index return of each index is greater than or equal to zero, $1,000, plus a coupon payment.
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If the index return of any index is negative, (a) $1,000, plus (b) $1,000 multiplied by the lesser performing index return, plus a coupon payment if the final index level of each index is greater
than or equal to the coupon trigger level on the final coupon determination date. You could lose a significant portion of the face amount of your notes
and not receive any coupon payment.
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With respect to each index, the index return is calculated by subtracting the initial index level from the final index level and dividing the result by the initial index level, with the quotient expressed as a
percentage.
The lesser performing index is the index with the lowest index return. The lesser performing index return is the index return of
the lesser performing index.
With respect to each index, the initial index level will be set on the trade date, which will be the closing level of such index
on the trade date. With respect to each index, the calculation agent will determine the final index level, which will be the closing level of such index on the determination date. However, the calculation agent will have discretion to adjust
the closing level on any call observation date or the determination date or to determine it in a different manner as described under “ — Consequences of a Market Disruption Event or a Non-Trading Day” and “— Discontinuance or Modification of an
Index” below.
A trigger event occurs when the closing level of any index has declined, as compared to the initial index level, by more than the
trigger buffer amount on any trading day during the measurement period. The trigger buffer amount is 30%.
The measurement period is the period from but excluding the trade date to and including the determination date, excluding any date or dates on which the calculation agent determines that a market disruption event with respect to any index occurs or is continuing or that the
calculation agent determines is not a trading day with respect to any index. Notwithstanding the immediately preceding sentence, if the calculation agent determines that, with respect to any index, a market disruption event occurs or is
continuing on the last day of the measurement period (i.e. the determination date) or that day is not otherwise a trading day, the determination date, and therefore the last day for the measurement period, will be postponed as described under “—
Determination Dates” below.
Considerations for Secondary Market Purchasers
A purchaser of these notes in the secondary market should determine if a trigger event has already occurred. The occurrence of a
trigger event could affect both the secondary market trading price of these notes after a secondary market purchase or the amount a secondary market purchaser will receive at maturity. In order to determine if a trigger event has occurred, you
should determine if the closing level of either the S&P 500® Index, the EURO STOXX 50® Index or the Russell 2000® Index was less than 70% of its
initial index level on any date from the day after the original trade date to the date of your purchase. Certain financial websites make index levels publicly available, which can be helpful when determining whether a trigger event may have
occurred. If you would like assistance in determining whether a trigger event has occurred, please call GS&Co. at (212) 902-0300.
Stated Maturity Date
The stated maturity date is expected to be May 20, 2020, unless that day is not a business day, in which case the stated
maturity date will be the next following business day. If the determination date is postponed as described under “— Determination Date” below, the stated maturity date will be postponed by the same number of business day(s) from but excluding the
originally scheduled determination date to and including the actual determination date.
Determination Date
The determination date is expected to be May 13, 2020, unless the calculation agent determines that, with respect to any index, a market disruption
event occurs or is continuing on that day or that day is not otherwise a trading day. In the event the originally scheduled determination date is a non-trading day with respect to any index, the determination date will be the first day thereafter
that is a trading day for all indices (the “first qualified trading day”) provided that no market disruption event occurs or is continuing with respect to an index on that day. If a market disruption event with respect to an index occurs or is
continuing on the originally scheduled determination date or the first qualified trading day, the determination date will be the first following trading day on which the calculation agent determines that each index has had at least one trading
day (from and including the originally scheduled determination date or the first qualified trading
day, as applicable) on which no market disruption event has occurred or is continuing and the closing level of each index will be determined on or
prior to the postponed determination date as set forth under “— Consequences of a Market Disruption Event or a Non-Trading Day” below. (In such case, the determination date may differ from the date on which the level of an index is determined
for the purpose of the calculations to be performed on the determination date.) In no event, however, will the determination date be postponed to a date later than the originally scheduled stated maturity date or, if the originally scheduled
stated maturity date is not a business day, later than the first business day after the originally scheduled stated maturity date, either due to the occurrence of serial
non-trading days or due to the occurrence of one or more market disruption events. On such last possible determination date, if a market disruption event occurs or is continuing with respect to an index that has not yet had such a
trading day on which no market disruption event has occurred or is continuing or if such last possible day is not a trading day with respect to such index, that day will nevertheless be the determination date.
Coupon and Coupon Payment Dates
The coupons will be calculated and paid as described in this prospectus supplement.
The coupons on the offered notes will be paid on the coupon payment dates (to be set on the trade date and are expected to be
the fifth business day after each coupon determination date) to and including the stated maturity date, subject to adjustment as described under “— Coupon Determination Dates” below.
Coupon Determination Dates
The coupon determination dates are expected to be the 13th day of each February, May, August and November, commencing in
February 2019 and ending in May 2020, unless the calculation agent determines that, with respect to any index, a market disruption event occurs or is continuing on that day or that day is not otherwise a trading day. In the event the originally
scheduled coupon determination date is a non-trading day with respect to any index, the coupon determination date will be the first day thereafter that is a trading day for all indices (the “first qualified coupon trading day”) provided that no
market disruption event occurs or is continuing with respect to an index on that day. If a market disruption event with respect to an index occurs or is continuing on the originally scheduled coupon determination date or the first qualified
coupon trading day, the coupon determination date will be the first following trading day on which the calculation agent determines that each index has had at least one trading day (from and including the originally scheduled coupon determination
date or the first qualified coupon trading date, as applicable) on which no market disruption event has occurred or is continuing and the closing level of each index for that coupon determination date will be determined on or prior to the
postponed coupon determination date as set forth under “— Consequences of a Market Disruption Event or a Non-Trading Day” below. (In such case, the coupon determination date may differ from the date on which the level of an index is determined
for the purpose of the calculations to be performed on the coupon determination date.) In no event, however, will the coupon determination date be postponed to a date later than the originally scheduled coupon payment date or, if the originally
scheduled coupon payment date is not a business day, later than the first business day after the originally scheduled coupon payment date, either due to the occurrence of serial non-trading days or due to the occurrence of one or more market
disruption events. On such last possible coupon determination date applicable to the relevant coupon payment date, if a market disruption event occurs or is continuing with respect to an index that has not yet had such a trading day on which no
market disruption event has occurred or is continuing or if such last possible day is not a trading day with respect to such index, that day will nevertheless be the coupon determination date.
Call Observation Dates
The call observation dates will be set on the trade date and are expected to be each coupon determination date commencing in May 2019 and ending in
February 2020, subject to adjustment as described under “— Coupon Determination Dates” above.
Call Payment Dates
If your notes are automatically called on any call observation date, on the corresponding call payment date (to be set on the
trade date and is expected to be the fifth business day after each call observation date, subject to adjustment as provided under — Call Observation Dates” above) you will receive an amount in cash equal to $1,000 for each $1,000 face amount of
your notes in addition to the coupon then due.
Consequences of a Market Disruption Event or a Non-Trading Day
With respect to any index, if a market disruption event occurs or is continuing on a day that would otherwise be a coupon
determination date or the determination date, or such day is not a trading day, then such coupon determination date or the determination date will be postponed as described under “— Coupon Determination Dates” or “— Determination Date” above. If
any coupon determination date or the determination date is postponed to the last possible date due to the occurrence of serial non-trading days, the level of each index will be the calculation agent’s assessment of such level, in its sole
discretion, on such last possible postponed coupon determination date or determination date, as applicable. If any coupon determination date or the determination date is postponed due to a market disruption event with respect to any index, the
closing level of each index with respect to such coupon determination date or the final index level with respect to the determination date, as applicable, will be calculated based on (i) for any index that is not affected by a market disruption
event on (A) the applicable originally scheduled coupon determination date or the first qualified coupon trading day thereafter (if applicable) or (B) the originally scheduled determination date or the first qualified trading day thereafter (if
applicable), the closing level of the index on that date, (ii) for any index that is affected by a market disruption event on (A) the applicable originally scheduled coupon determination date or the first qualified coupon trading day thereafter
(if applicable) or (B) the originally scheduled determination date or the first qualified trading day thereafter (if applicable), the closing level of the index on the first following trading day on which no market disruption event exists for
such index and (iii) the calculation agent’s assessment, in its sole discretion, of the level of any index on the last possible postponed coupon determination date or determination date, as applicable, with respect to such index as to which a
market disruption event continues through the last possible postponed coupon determination date or determination date. As a result, this could result in the closing level on any coupon determination date or final index level on the determination
date of each index being determined on different calendar dates. For the avoidance of doubt, once the closing level for an index is determined for a coupon determination date or determination date, the occurrence of a later market disruption
event or non-trading day will not alter such calculation.
Discontinuance or Modification of an Index
If an index sponsor discontinues publication of an index and such index sponsor or anyone else publishes a substitute index that
the calculation agent determines is comparable to such index, or if the calculation agent designates a substitute index, then the calculation agent will determine the coupon payable, if any, on the relevant coupon payment date or the cash
settlement amount on the call payment date or the stated maturity date, as applicable, by reference to the substitute index. We refer to any substitute index approved by the calculation agent as a successor index.
If the calculation agent determines on a coupon determination date or the determination date, as applicable, that the
publication of an index is discontinued and there is no successor index, the calculation agent will determine the coupon or the cash settlement amount, as applicable, on the related coupon payment date or the stated maturity date, as applicable,
by a computation methodology that the calculation agent determines will as closely as reasonably possible replicate such index.
If the calculation agent determines that an index, the index stocks comprising that index or the method of calculating that index is changed at any
time in any respect — including any split or reverse split and any addition, deletion or substitution and any reweighting or rebalancing of an index or of the index stocks and whether the change is made by the index sponsor under its existing
policies or following a modification of those policies, is due to the publication of a successor index, is due to events affecting one or more of the index stocks or their issuers or is due to any other reason — and is not otherwise reflected in
the level of the
index by the index sponsor pursuant to the then-current index methodology of the index, then the calculation agent will be permitted (but not required) to make such
adjustments in such index or the method of its calculation as it believes are appropriate to ensure that the levels of such index used to determine the coupon or cash settlement amount, as applicable, on the related coupon payment date or the
stated maturity date, as applicable, is equitable.
All determinations and adjustments to be made by the calculation agent with respect to an index may be made by
the calculation agent in its sole discretion. The calculation agent is not obligated to make any such adjustments.
Default Amount on Acceleration
If an event of default occurs and the maturity of your notes is accelerated, we will pay the default amount in respect of the
principal of your notes at the maturity, instead of the amount payable on the stated maturity date as described earlier. We describe the default amount under “— Special Calculation Provisions” below.
For the purpose of determining whether the holders of our Series E medium-term
notes, which include your notes, are entitled to take any action under the indenture, we will treat the outstanding face amount of each of your notes as the outstanding principal amount of that note. Although the terms of your notes differ from
those of the other Series E medium-term notes, holders of specified percentages in principal amount of all Series E medium-term notes, together in some cases with other series of our debt securities, will be able to take action affecting all
the Series E medium-term notes, including your notes, except with respect to certain Series E medium-term notes if the terms of such notes specify that the holders of specified percentages in principal amount of all of such notes must also
consent to such action. This action may involve changing some of the terms that apply to the Series E medium-term notes, accelerating the maturity of the Series E medium-term notes after a default or waiving some of our obligations under the
indenture. In addition, certain changes to the indenture and the notes that only affect certain debt securities may be made with the approval of holders of a majority in principal amount of such affected debt securities. We discuss these
matters in the accompanying prospectus under “Description of Debt Securities We May Offer — Default, Remedies and Waiver of Default” and “— Modification of the Debt Indentures and Waiver of Covenants.
Manner of Payment
Any payment or delivery on your notes at maturity will be made to an account designated by the holder of your notes and approved by
us, or at the office of the trustee in New York City, but only when your notes are surrendered to the trustee at that office. We also may make any payment or delivery in accordance with the applicable procedures of the depositary.
Modified Business Day
As described in the accompanying prospectus, any payment on your notes that would otherwise be due on a day that is not a business day may instead be
paid on the next day that is a business day, with the same effect as if paid on the original due date. For your notes, however, the term business day may have a different meaning than it does for other Series E medium-term notes. We discuss this
term under “— Special Calculation Provisions” below.
Role of Calculation Agent
The calculation agent in its sole discretion will make all determinations regarding each index, the coupon determination dates,
the coupon payment dates, the regular record dates, the coupon, if any, on each coupon payment date, each index return, the closing levels of the indices on each coupon determination date and on each day during the measurement period; whether a
trigger event has occurred; each final index level, the determination date, the call observation dates, call payment dates, business days, trading days, adjustment of a coupon payment date, a call payment date or the stated maturity date and the
amount of cash payable on your notes at maturity. Absent manifest error, all determinations of the calculation agent will be final and binding on you and us, without any liability on the part of the calculation agent.
Please note that GS&Co., our affiliate, is currently serving as the calculation agent as of the date of this prospectus
supplement. We may change the calculation agent for your notes at any time after the date of this prospectus supplement without notice and GS&Co. may resign as calculation agent at any time upon 60 days’ written notice to us.
Special Calculation Provisions
Business Day
When we refer to a business day with respect to your notes, we mean a day that is a New York business day as described under
“Description of Debt Securities We May Offer — Calculations of Interest on Debt Securities — Business Days” on page 21 in the accompanying prospectus. A day is a scheduled business day if, as of the trade date, such day is scheduled to be a New
York business day.
Trading Day
When we refer to a trading day with respect to the S&P 500® Index and the Russell 2000® Index, we mean a day on which the respective principal securities markets for all of the index
stocks are open for trading, the index sponsor is open for business and such index is calculated and published by the index sponsor.
When we refer to a trading day with respect to the EURO STOXX 50® Index, we mean a day on which such index is calculated and published by the index sponsor, regardless of whether one or more of the principal securities markets for the index
stocks are closed on that day, if the index sponsor publishes the level of such index on that day.
Closing Level
When we refer to the closing level of the Russell 2000® Index on any trading day, we mean the closing level of that
index or any successor index reported by Bloomberg Financial Services, or any successor reporting service we may select, on such trading day for that index. Currently, whereas the index sponsor publishes the official closing level of the Russell
2000® Index to six decimal places, Bloomberg Financial Services reports the closing level of the Russell 2000® Index to fewer decimal places. As a result, the closing level of the Russell 2000® Index reported by
Bloomberg Financial Services generally may be lower or higher than the official closing level of the Russell 2000® Index published by the index sponsor.
When we refer to the closing level for the S&P 500® Index or the
EURO STOXX 50® Index on any trading day, we mean the official closing level of such index or any successor index published by the index sponsor on such trading day for such index.
Default Amount
The default amount for your notes on any day (except as provided in the last sentence under “—Default Quotation Period” below),
will be an amount in the specified currency for the face amount of your notes, equal to the cost of having a qualified financial institution, of the kind and selected as described below, expressly assume all of our payment and other obligations
with respect to your notes as of that day and as if no default or acceleration had occurred, or to undertake other obligations providing substantially equivalent economic value to you with respect to your notes. That cost will equal:
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the lowest amount that a qualified financial institution would charge to effect this assumption or undertaking, plus
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the reasonable expenses, including reasonable attorneys’ fees, incurred by the holder of your notes in preparing any documentation necessary for this assumption or undertaking.
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During the default quotation period for your notes, which we describe below, the holder and/or we or the calculation agent may
request a qualified financial institution to provide a quotation of the amount it would charge to effect this assumption or undertaking. If either party obtains a quotation, it must notify the other party in writing of the quotation. The amount
referred to in the first bullet point above will equal the lowest — or, if there is only one, the only — quotation obtained, and as to which notice is so given, during the default quotation period. With respect to any quotation, however, the
party not obtaining the quotation may object, on reasonable and significant grounds, to the assumption or undertaking by the qualified financial institution providing the quotation and notify the other party in writing of those grounds within two
business days after the last day of the default quotation period, in which case that quotation will be disregarded in determining the default amount.
Default Quotation Period
The default quotation period is the period beginning on the day the default amount first becomes due and ending on the third
business day after that day, unless:
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no quotation of the kind referred to above is obtained, or
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every quotation of that kind obtained is objected to within five business days after the day the default amount first becomes due.
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If either of these two events occurs, the default quotation period will continue until the third business day after the first
business day on which prompt notice of a quotation is given as described above. If that quotation is objected to as described above within five business days after that first business day, however, the default quotation period will continue as
described in the prior sentence and this sentence.
In any event, if the default quotation period and the subsequent two business day objection period have not ended before the
determination date, then the default amount will equal the principal amount of your notes.
Qualified Financial Institutions
For the purpose of determining the default amount at any time, a qualified financial institution must be a financial institution
organized under the laws of any jurisdiction in the United States of America, Europe or Japan, which at that time has outstanding debt obligations with a stated maturity of one year or less from the date of issue and that is, or whose securities
are, rated either:
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A-1 or higher by Standard & Poor’s Ratings Services or any successor, or any other comparable rating then used by that rating agency, or
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P-1 or higher by Moody’s Investors Service, Inc. or any successor, or any other comparable rating then used by that rating agency.
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Market Disruption Event
With respect to any given trading day, any of the following will be a market disruption event with respect to an index:
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a suspension, absence or material limitation of trading in index stocks constituting 20% or more, by weight, of the index on their respective primary markets, in each case for more
than two consecutive hours of trading or during the one half hour before the close of trading in that market, as determined by the calculation agent in its sole discretion,
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a suspension, absence or material limitation of trading in option or futures contracts relating to the index or to index stocks constituting 20% or more, by weight, of such index in
the respective primary markets for those contracts, in each case for more than two consecutive hours of trading or during the one-half hour before the close of trading in that market, as determined by the calculation agent in its sole
discretion, or
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index stocks constituting 20% or more, by weight, of the index, or option or futures contracts, if available, relating to the index or to index stocks constituting 20% or more, by
weight, of the index are not trading on what were the respective primary markets for those index stocks or contracts, as determined by the calculation agent in its sole discretion,
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and, in the case of any of these events, the calculation agent
determines in its sole discretion that the event could materially interfere with the ability of GS Finance Corp. or any of its affiliates or a similarly situated party to unwind all or a material portion of a hedge that could be effected with
respect to the notes. For more information about hedging by GS Finance Corp. and/or any of its affiliates, see “Use of Proceeds” and “Hedging” below.
The following events will not be market disruption events:
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a limitation on the hours or numbers of days of trading, but only if the limitation results from an announced change in the regular business hours of the relevant market, and
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a decision to permanently discontinue trading in option or futures contracts relating to an index or to any index stock.
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For this purpose, an “absence of trading” in the primary securities market on which an index stock, or on which option or
futures contracts relating to an index or an index stock are traded will not include any time when that market is itself closed for trading under ordinary circumstances. In contrast, a suspension or limitation of trading in an index stock or in
option or futures contracts, if available, relating to an index or an index stock in the primary market for that stock or those contracts, by reason of:
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a price change exceeding limits set by that market,
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an imbalance of orders relating to that index stock or those contracts, or
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a disparity in bid and ask quotes relating to that index stock or those contracts,
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will constitute a suspension or material limitation of trading in that stock or those contracts in that market.
A market disruption event with respect to one index will not, by itself, constitute a market disruption event for the other
unaffected index.
As is the case throughout this prospectus supplement, references to the index in this description of market disruption events includes any successor
index as it may be modified, replaced or adjusted from time to time.
We intend to lend the net proceeds from the sale of the offered notes to The Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. or its affiliates. The
Goldman Sachs Group, Inc. expects to use the proceeds from such loans for the purposes we describe in the accompanying prospectus under “Use of Proceeds”. We or our affiliates may also use those proceeds in transactions intended to hedge our
obligations under the offered notes as described below.
In anticipation of the sale of the offered notes, we and/or our affiliates expect to enter into hedging transactions involving
purchases of listed or over-the-counter options, futures and other instruments linked to the indices on or before the trade date. In addition, from time to time after we issue the offered notes, we and/or our affiliates may enter into additional
hedging transactions and to unwind those we have entered into, in connection with the offered notes and perhaps in connection with other index-linked notes we issue, some of which may have returns linked to the indices or the index stocks.
Consequently, with regard to your notes, from time to time, we and/or our affiliates:
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expect to acquire, or dispose of positions in listed or over-the-counter options, futures or other instruments linked to the indices or some or all of the index stocks,
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may take or dispose of positions in the securities of the index stock issuers themselves,
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may take or dispose of positions in listed or over-the-counter options or other instruments based on indices designed to track the performance of the stock exchanges or other
components of the equity markets, and /or
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may take short positions in the index stocks or other securities of the kind described above — i.e., we and/or our affiliates may sell securities of the kind that we do not own or
that we borrow for delivery to purchaser.
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We and/or our affiliates may acquire a long or short position in securities similar to your notes from time to time and may, in
our or their sole discretion, hold or resell those securities.
In the future, we and/or our affiliates expect to close out hedge positions relating to the offered notes and perhaps relating
to other notes with returns linked to the indices or the index stocks. We expect these steps to involve sales of instruments linked to the indices on or shortly before the final coupon determination date. These steps may also involve sales
and/or purchases of some or all of the index stocks, or listed or over-the-counter options, futures or other instruments linked to the indices, some or all of the index stocks or indices designed to track the performance of the U.S., European,
Asian or other stock exchanges or other components of the U.S., European, Asian or other equity markets or other components of such markets.
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The hedging activity discussed above may adversely affect the market value of your notes from time to time and the amount
we will pay on your notes at maturity. See “Additional Risk Factors Specific to Your Notes” above for a discussion of these adverse effects.
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The S&P 500® Index
The S&P 500® Index includes a representative sample of 500 companies in leading industries of the U.S. economy. The
500 companies are not the 500 largest companies listed on the NYSE and not all 500 companies are listed on the NYSE. S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC (“S&P”) chooses companies for inclusion in the S&P 500® Index with an aim of
achieving a distribution by broad industry groupings that approximates the distribution of these groupings in the common stock population of the U.S. equity market. Although the S&P 500® Index contains 500 constituent companies,
at any one time it may contain greater than 500 constituent trading lines since some companies included in the S&P 500® Index prior to July 31, 2017 may be represented by multiple share class lines in the S&P 500®
Index. The S&P 500® Index is calculated, maintained and published by S&P and is part of the S&P Dow Jones Indices family of indices. Additional information is available on the following websites:
us.spindices.com/indices/equity/sp-500 and spdji.com/. We are not incorporating by reference the websites or any material they include in this prospectus supplement.
S&P intends for the S&P 500® Index to provide a performance benchmark for the large-cap U.S. equity markets.
Constituent changes are made on an as-needed basis and there is no schedule for constituent reviews. Constituent changes are generally announced one to five business days prior to the change. Relevant criteria for additions to the S&P 500®
Index that are employed by S&P include: the company proposed for addition should have an unadjusted company market capitalization of $6.1 billion or more (for spin-offs, eligibility is determined using when-issued prices, if available); using
composite pricing and volume, the ratio of annual dollar value traded in the proposed constituent to float-adjusted market capitalization of that company should be 1.00 or greater and the stock should trade a minimum of 250,000 shares in each of
the six months leading up to the evaluation date; the company must be a U.S. company (characterized as a Form 10-K filer with its U.S. portion of fixed assets and revenues constituting a plurality of the total and with a primary listing of the
common stock on the NYSE, NYSE Arca, NYSE American (formerly NYSE MKT), NASDAQ Global Select Market, NASDAQ Select Market, NASDAQ Capital Market, Bats BZX, Bats BYX, Bats EDGA, Bats EDGX or IEX (each, an “eligible exchange”)); the proposed
constituent has a public float of 50% or more of its stock; the inclusion of the company will contribute to sector balance in the index relative to sector balance in the market in the relevant market capitalization range; financial viability (the
sum of the most recent four consecutive quarters’ Generally Accepted Accounting Principles (GAAP) earnings (net income excluding discontinued operations) should be positive as should the most recent quarter); and, for IPOs, the company must be
traded on an eligible exchange for at least twelve months. In addition, constituents of the S&P MidCap 400® Index and the S&P SmallCap 600® Index can be added to the S&P 500® Index without meeting the
financial viability, public float and/or liquidity eligibility criteria if the S&P Index Committee decides that such an addition will enhance the representativeness of the S&P 500® Index as a market benchmark. Certain types of
organizational structures and securities are always excluded, including business development companies (BDCs), limited partnerships, master limited partnerships, limited liability companies (LLCs), OTC bulletin board issues, closed-end funds,
ETFs, ETNs, royalty trusts, tracking stocks, preferred stock and convertible preferred stock, unit trusts, equity warrants, convertible bonds, investment trusts, rights and American depositary receipts (ADRs). Stocks are deleted from the S&P
500® Index when they are involved in mergers, acquisitions or significant restructurings such that they no longer meet the inclusion criteria, and when they substantially violate one or more of the addition criteria. Stocks that are
delisted or moved to the pink sheets or the bulletin board are removed, and those that experience a trading halt may be retained or removed in S&P’s discretion. S&P evaluates additions and deletions with a view to maintaining S&P 500®
Index continuity.
For constituents included in the S&P 500® Index prior to July 31, 2017, all publicly listed multiple share class
lines are included separately in the S&P 500® Index, subject to, in the case of any such share class line, that share class line satisfying the liquidity and float criteria discussed above and subject to certain exceptions. It is
possible that one listed share class line of a company may be included in the S&P 500® Index while a second listed share class line of the same company is excluded. For companies that issue a second publicly traded share class to
index share class holders, the newly issued share class line is considered for inclusion if the event is mandatory and the market capitalization of the distributed class is not considered
to be de minimis.
As of July 31, 2017, companies with multiple share class lines are no longer eligible for inclusion in the S&P 500®
Index. Only common shares are considered when determining whether a company has a multiple share class structure. Constituents of the S&P 500® Index prior to July 31, 2017 with multiple share class lines will be grandfathered in
and continue to be included in the S&P 500® Index. If an S&P 500® Index constituent reorganizes into a multiple share class line structure, that company will be reviewed for continued inclusion in the S&P 500®
Index at the discretion of the S&P Index Committee.
As of October 10, 2018, the 500 companies included in the S&P 500® Index were divided into eleven Global Industry
Classification Sectors. The Global Industry Classification Sectors include (with the approximate percentage currently included in such sectors indicated in parentheses): Consumer Discretionary (9.90%), Consumer Staples (6.94%), Energy (6.20%),
Financials (13.73%), Health Care (15.25%), Industrials (9.76%), Information Technology (20.27%), Materials (2.39%), Real Estate (2.70%), Communication Services (9.82%) and Utilities (3.04%). (Sector designations are determined by the index
sponsor using criteria it has selected or developed. Index sponsors may use very different standards for determining sector designations. In addition, many companies operate in a number of sectors, but are listed in only one sector and the basis
on which that sector is selected may also differ. As a result, sector comparisons between indices with different index sponsors may reflect differences in methodology as well as actual differences in the sector composition of the indices.) As of
the close of business on September 21, 2018, S&P and MSCI, Inc. updated the Global Industry Classification Sector structure. Among other things, the update broadened the Telecommunications Services sector and renamed it the Communication
Services sector. The renamed sector includes the previously existing Telecommunication Services Industry group, as well as the Media Industry group, which was moved from the Consumer Discretionary sector and renamed the Media & Entertainment
Industry group. The Media & Entertainment Industry group contains three industries: Media, Entertainment and Interactive Media & Services. The Media industry continues to consist of the Advertising, Broadcasting, Cable & Satellite and
Publishing sub-industries. The Entertainment industry contains the Movies & Entertainment sub-industry (which includes online entertainment streaming companies in addition to companies previously classified in such industry prior to September
21, 2018) and the Interactive Home Entertainment sub-industry (which includes companies previously classified in the Home Entertainment Software sub-industry prior to September 21, 2018 (when the Home Entertainment Software sub-industry was a
sub-industry in the Information Technology sector)), as well as producers of interactive gaming products, including mobile gaming applications). The Interactive Media & Services industry and sub-industry includes companies engaged in content
and information creation or distribution through proprietary platforms, where revenues are derived primarily through pay-per-click advertisements, and includes search engines, social media and networking platforms, online classifieds and online
review companies. The Global Industry Classification Sector structure changes are effective for the S&P 500® Index as of the open of business on September 24, 2018 to coincide with the September 2018 quarterly rebalancing.
Calculation of the S&P 500® Index
The S&P 500® Index is calculated using a base-weighted aggregative methodology. The value of the S&P 500®
Index on any day for which an index value is published is determined by a fraction, the numerator of which is the aggregate of the market price of each stock in the S&P 500® Index times the number of shares of such stock included in the S&P 500® Index, and the denominator of which is the divisor, which is described more fully below. The “market value” of any index stock is the product of the market price per share of that stock times the number of the then-outstanding
shares of such index stock that are then included in the S&P 500® Index .
The S&P 500® Index is also sometimes called a “base-weighted aggregative index” because of its use of a divisor.
The “divisor” is a value calculated by S&P that is intended to maintain conformity in index values over time and is adjusted for all changes in the index stocks’ share capital after the “base date” as described below. The level of the S&P
500® Index reflects the total market value of all index stocks relative to the S&P 500® Index’s base date of 1941-43.
In addition, the S&P 500® Index is float-adjusted, meaning that the share counts used in calculating the S&P
500® Index reflect only those shares available to investors rather than all of a company’s outstanding shares. S&P seeks to exclude shares held by certain shareholders concerned with the control of a company, a group that generally
includes the following: officers and directors and related individuals whose holdings are publicly disclosed, private equity, venture capital, special equity firms, publicly traded companies that hold shares for control in another company,
strategic partners, holders of restricted shares, employee stock ownership plans, employee and family trusts, foundations associated with the company, holders of unlisted share classes of stock, government entities at all levels (except
government retirement or pension funds) and any individual person listed as a 5% or greater stakeholder in a company as reported in regulatory filings (collectively, “control holders”). To this end, S&P excludes all share-holdings (other than
depositary banks, pension funds, mutual funds, exchange traded fund providers, 401(k) plans of the company, government retirement and pension funds, investment funds of insurance companies, asset managers and investment funds, independent
foundations, savings plans and investment plans) with a position greater than 5% of the outstanding shares of a company from the float-adjusted share count to be used in S&P 500® Index calculations.
The exclusion is accomplished by calculating an Investable Weight Factor (IWF) for each stock that is part of the numerator of the
float-adjusted index fraction described above:
IWF = (available float shares)/(total shares outstanding)
where available float shares is defined as total shares outstanding less shares held by control holders. In most cases, an IWF is
reported to the nearest one percentage point. For companies with multiple share class lines, a separate IWF is calculated for each share class line.
Maintenance of the S&P 500® Index
In order to keep the S&P 500® Index comparable over time S&P engages in an index maintenance process. The
S&P 500® Index maintenance process involves changing the constituents as discussed above, and also involves maintaining quality assurance processes and procedures, adjusting the number of shares used to calculate the S&P 500®
Index, monitoring and completing the adjustments for company additions and deletions, adjusting for stock splits and stock dividends and adjusting for other corporate actions. In addition to its daily governance of indices and maintenance of the
S&P 500® Index methodology, at least once within any 12 month period, the S&P Index Committee reviews the S&P 500® Index methodology to ensure the S&P 500® Index continues to achieve the stated
objective, and that the data and methodology remain effective. The S&P Index Committee may at times consult with investors, market participants, security issuers included in or potentially included in the S&P 500® Index, or
investment and financial experts.
Divisor Adjustments
The two types of adjustments primarily used by S&P are divisor adjustments and adjustments to the number of shares (including
float adjustments) used to calculate the S&P 500® Index. Set forth below is a table of certain corporate events and their resulting effect on the divisor and the share count. If a corporate event requires an adjustment to the
divisor, that event has the effect of altering the market value of the affected index stock and consequently of altering the aggregate market value of the index stocks following the event. In order that the level of the S&P 500®
Index not be affected by the altered market value (which could be an increase or decrease) of the affected index stock, S&P generally derives a new divisor by dividing the post-event market value of the index stocks by the pre-event index
value, which has the effect of reducing the S&P 500® Index’s post-event value to the pre-event level.
Changes to the Number of Shares of a Constituent
The index maintenance process also involves tracking the changes in the number of shares included for each of the index companies.
The timing of adjustments to the number of shares depends on the type of event causing the change, and whether the change represents 5% or more of the total share count (for companies with multiple share class lines, the 5% threshold is based on
each individual share class line rather than total company shares). Changes as a result of mandatory events, such as mergers or acquisition driven share/IWF changes, stock splits and mandatory distributions are not subject to a minimum threshold
for implementation and are implemented when the transaction occurs. At S&P’s discretion, however, de minimis merger and acquisition changes may be accumulated and implemented
with the updates made at the quarterly share updates as described below. Changes in a constituent’s total shares of at least 5% due to public
offerings (which must be underwritten, have a publicly available prospectus or prospectus summary filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission and include a public confirmation that the offering has been completed) are eligible for next day
implementation. Next day implementation will include a review of the company’s IWF using the latest publicly available ownership data. Any change in the IWF of at least five percentage points resulting from the review is implemented with the
share update. Other changes of at least 5% are made weekly and are announced on Fridays for implementation after the close of trading on the following Friday. For changes of less than 5%, on the third Friday of the last month in each calendar
quarter, S&P updates the share totals of companies in the S&P 500® Index as required by any changes in the number of shares outstanding. S&P implements a share / IWF freeze beginning after the market close on the Tuesday
preceding the second Friday of each quarterly rebalancing month and ending after the market close on the third Friday of the quarterly rebalancing month. During this frozen period, shares and IWFs are not changed except for certain corporate
action events (merger activity, stock splits and rights offerings).
Adjustments for Corporate Actions
There is a large range of corporate actions that may affect companies included in the S&P 500® Index. Certain
corporate actions require S&P to recalculate the share count or the float adjustment or to make an adjustment to the divisor to prevent the value of the S&P 500® Index from changing as a result of the corporate action. This
helps ensure that the movement of the S&P 500® Index does not reflect the corporate actions of individual companies in the S&P 500® Index.
Spin-Offs
As a general policy, a spin-off security is added to the S&P 500® Index at a zero price at the market close of the
day before the ex-date (with no divisor adjustment). The spin-off security will remain in the S&P 500® Index if it meets all eligibility criteria. If the spin-off security is determined ineligible to remain in the S&P 500®
Index, it will generally be removed after at least one day of regular way trading (with a divisor adjustment). If there is a gap between the ex-date and distribution date (or payable date), or if the spin-off security does not trade regular way
on the ex-date, the spin-off security is kept in the S&P 500® Index until the spin-off security begins trading regular way.
Several additional types of corporate actions, and their related adjustments, are listed in the table below.
Corporate Action
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Share Count Revision
Required?
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Divisor Adjustment
Required?
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Stock split
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Yes – share count is revised to reflect new count.
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No – share count and price changes are off-setting
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Change in shares outstanding (secondary issuance, share repurchase and/or share buy-back)
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Yes – share count is revised to reflect new count.
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Yes
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Special dividends
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No
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Yes – calculation assumes that share price drops by the amount of the dividend; divisor adjustment reflects this change in index market value
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Change in IWF
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No
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Yes – divisor change reflects the change in market value caused by the change to an IWF
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Company added to or deleted from the S&P 500® Index
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No
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Yes – divisor is adjusted by the net change in market value, calculated as the shares issued multiplied by the price paid
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Rights Offering
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No
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Yes – divisor adjustment reflects increase in market capitalization (calculation assumes that offering is fully subscribed)
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Any company that is removed from the S&P 500® Index, the S&P MidCap 400® Index or the S&P
SmallCap 600® Index must wait a minimum of one year from its removal date before being reconsidered as a replacement candidate for the S&P 500® Index.
Recalculation Policy
S&P reserves the right to recalculate and republish the S&P 500® Index at its discretion in the event one of
the following issues has occurred: (1) incorrect or revised closing price of one or more constituent securities; (2) missed corporate event; (3) incorrect application of corporate action or index methodology; (4) late announcement of a corporate
event; or (5) incorrect calculation or data entry error. The decision to recalculate the S&P 500® Index is made at the discretion of the index manager and/or index committee, as further discussed below. The potential market impact
or disruption resulting from the potential recalculation is considered when making any such decision. In the event of an incorrect closing price, a missed corporate event or a misapplied corporate action, a late announcement of a corporate
event, or an incorrect calculation or data entry error that is discovered within two trading days of its occurrence, the index manager may, at his or her discretion, recalculate the S&P 500® Index without involving the index
committee. In the event any such event is discovered beyond the two trading day period, the index committee shall decide whether the S&P 500® Index should be recalculated. In the event of an incorrect application of the
methodology that results in the incorrect composition and/or weighting of index constituents, the index committee shall determine whether or not to recalculate the S&P 500®
Index following specified guidelines. In the event that the S&P 500® Index is recalculated, it shall be done within a reasonable timeframe following the detection and review of the issue.
Calculations and Pricing Disruptions
Closing levels for the S&P 500® Index are calculated by S&P based on the closing price of the individual
constituents of the S&P 500® Index as set by their primary exchange. Closing prices are received by S&P from one of its third party vendors and verified by comparing them with prices from an alternative vendor. The vendors
receive the closing price from the primary exchanges. Real-time intraday prices are calculated similarly without a second verification. Prices used for the calculation of real time index values are based on the “Consolidated Tape”. The
Consolidated Tape is an aggregation of trades for each constituent over all regional exchanges and trading venues and includes the primary exchange. If there is a failure or interruption on one or more exchanges, real-time calculations will
continue as long as the “Consolidated Tape” is operational.
If an interruption is not resolved prior to the market close, official closing prices will be determined by following the
hierarchy set out in NYSE Rule 123C. A notice is published on the S&P website at spdji.com indicating any changes to the prices used in S&P 500®
Index calculations. In extreme circumstances, S&P may decide to delay index adjustments or not publish the S&P 500® Index. Real-time indices are not restated.
Unexpected Exchange Closures
An unexpected market/exchange closure occurs when a market/exchange fully or partially fails to open or trading is temporarily
halted. This can apply to a single exchange or to a market as a whole, when all of the primary exchanges are closed and/or not trading. Unexpected market/exchange closures are usually due to unforeseen circumstances, such as natural disasters,
inclement weather, outages, or other events.
To a large degree, S&P is dependent on the exchanges to provide guidance in the event of an unexpected exchange closure.
S&P’s decision making is dependent on exchange guidance regarding pricing and mandatory corporate actions.
NYSE Rule 123C provides closing contingency procedures for determining an official closing price for listed securities if the
exchange is unable to conduct a closing transaction in one or more securities due to a system or technical issue.
3:00 PM ET is the deadline for an exchange to determine its plan of action regarding an outage scenario. As such, S&P also
uses 3:00 PM ET as the cutoff.
If all major exchanges fail to open or unexpectedly halt trading intraday due to unforeseen circumstances, S&P will take the
following actions:
Market Disruption Prior to Open of Trading:
(i) If all exchanges indicate that trading will not open for a
given day, S&P will treat the day as an unscheduled market holiday. The decision will be communicated to clients as soon as possible through the normal channels. Indices containing multiple markets will be calculated as normal, provided that
at least one market is open that day. Indices which only contain closed markets will not be calculated.
(ii) If exchanges indicate that trading, although delayed, will
open for a given day, S&P will begin index calculation when the exchanges open.
Market Disruption Intraday:
(i) If exchanges indicate that trading will not resume for a given
day, the S&P 500® Index level will be calculated using prices determined by the exchanges based on NYSE Rule 123C. Intraday S&P 500® Index values will
continue to use the last traded composite price until the primary exchange publishes official closing prices.
License Agreement between S&P and GS Finance Corp.
The S&P 500® Index is a product of S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, and has been licensed for use by GS Finance Corp.
(“Goldman”). Standard & Poor’s® and S&P® are registered trademarks of Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC; Dow Jones® is a registered trademark of Dow Jones Trademark Holdings LLC (“Dow Jones”)
and these trademarks have been licensed for use by S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC and sublicensed for certain purposes by Goldman. Goldman’s notes are not sponsored,
endorsed, sold or promoted by S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC, Dow Jones, Standard & Poor’s Financial Services LLC or any of their respective affiliates (collectively, “S&P Dow Jones Indices”). S&P Dow Jones Indices makes no
representation or warranty, express or implied, to the owners of the notes or any member of the public regarding the advisability of investing in securities generally or in the notes particularly or the ability of the S&P 500®
Index to track general market performance. S&P Dow Jones Indices’ only relationship to Goldman with respect to the S&P 500® Index is the licensing of the S&P 500® Index and certain trademarks, service marks
and/or trade names of S&P Dow Jones Indices and/or its licensors. The S&P 500® Index is determined, composed and calculated by S&P Dow Jones Indices without regard to Goldman or the notes. S&P Dow Jones Indices have no obligation to take the needs of Goldman or the owners of the notes into consideration in determining, composing or calculating the S&P 500® Index.
S&P Dow Jones Indices are not responsible for and have not participated in the determination of the prices, and amount of the notes or the timing of the issuance or sale of the notes or in the determination or calculation of the equation by
which the notes are to be converted into cash. S&P Dow Jones Indices have no obligation or liability in connection with the administration, marketing or trading of the notes. There is no assurance that investment products based on the S&P
500® Index will accurately track index performance or provide positive investment returns. S&P Dow Jones Indices LLC is not an investment advisor. Inclusion of a security within an index is not a recommendation by S&P Dow Jones
Indices to buy, sell, or hold such security, nor is it considered to be investment advice.
S&P DOW JONES INDICES DOES NOT GUARANTEE THE ADEQUACY, ACCURACY, TIMELINESS AND/OR THE COMPLETENESS OF THE S&P 500® INDEX OR ANY
DATA RELATED THERETO OR ANY COMMUNICATION, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO ORAL OR WRITTEN COMMUNICATION (INCLUDING ELECTRONIC COMMUNICATIONS) WITH RESPECT THERETO. S&P DOW JONES INDICES SHALL NOT BE SUBJECT TO ANY DAMAGES OR LIABILITY FOR ANY
ERRORS, OMISSIONS, OR DELAYS THEREIN. S&P DOW JONES INDICES MAKE NO EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, AND EXPRESSLY DISCLAIMS ALL WARRANTIES, OF MERCHANTABILITY OR FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE OR USE OR AS TO RESULTS TO BE OBTAINED BY
GOLDMAN, OWNERS OF THE NOTES, OR ANY OTHER PERSON OR ENTITY FROM THE USE OF THE S&P 500® INDEX OR WITH RESPECT TO ANY DATA RELATED THERETO. WITHOUT LIMITING ANY OF THE FOREGOING, IN NO EVENT WHATSOEVER SHALL S&P DOW JONES
INDICES BE LIABLE FOR ANY INDIRECT, SPECIAL, INCIDENTAL, PUNITIVE, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO LOSS OF PROFITS, TRADING LOSSES, LOST TIME OR GOODWILL, EVEN IF THEY HAVE BEEN ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGES,
WHETHER IN CONTRACT, TORT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR OTHERWISE. THERE ARE NO THIRD PARTY BENEFICIARIES OF ANY AGREEMENTS OR ARRANGEMENTS BETWEEN S&P DOW JONES INDICES AND GOLDMAN, OTHER THAN THE LICENSORS OF S&P DOW JONES INDICES.
The EURO STOXX 50® Index
The EURO STOXX 50® Index is a free-float market capitalization-weighted index of 50 European blue-chip stocks and was
created by and is sponsored and maintained by STOXX Limited. Publication of the EURO STOXX 50® Index began on February 26, 1998, based on an initial index value of 1,000 at December 31, 1991. The 50 stocks included in the EURO STOXX 50®
Index trade in Euros, and are allocated, based on their country of incorporation, primary listing and largest trading volume, to one of the following countries: Austria, Belgium, Finland, France, Germany, Ireland, Italy, Luxembourg, the
Netherlands, Portugal and Spain, which we refer to collectively as the Eurozone. Companies allocated to a Eurozone country but not traded in Euros are not eligible for inclusion in the index. The level of the EURO STOXX 50® Index is disseminated on the STOXX Limited website. STOXX Limited is under no obligation to continue to publish the index and may discontinue publication of it at any
time. Additional information regarding the EURO STOXX 50® Index may be obtained from the STOXX Limited website: stoxx.com. We are not incorporating by reference the website or any material it includes in this prospectus supplement.
The top ten constituent stocks of the EURO STOXX 50® Index as of October 23, 2018, by weight, are: Total S.A. (6.15%),
SAP SE (4.52%), Sanofi (3.94%), Siemens AG (3.82%), Allianz SE (3.52%), Unilever N.V. (3.25%), LVMH Moët Hennessy Louis Vuitton SE (3.12%), Banco Santander S.A. (2.94%), Bayer AG (2.92%) and ASML Holding N.V. (2.88%); constituent weights may be
found at stoxx.com/download/indices/factsheets/SX5GT.pdf under “Factsheets and Methodologies” and are updated periodically.
As of October 23, 2018, the sixteen industry sectors which comprise the EURO STOXX 50® Index represent the following
weights in the index: Automobiles & Parts (4.26%), Banks (11.45%), Chemicals (6.49%), Construction & Materials (2.77%), Food & Beverage (4.59%), Health Care (10.49%), Industrial Goods & Services (10.63%), Insurance (6.86%), Media
(0.94%), Oil & Gas (7.86%), Personal & Household Goods (10.06%), Real Estate (0.99%), Retail (3.56%), Technology (10.03%), Telecommunications (4.83%) and Utilities (4.18%); industry weightings may be found at
stoxx.com/download/indices/factsheets/SX5GT.pdf under “Factsheets and Methodologies” and are updated periodically Percentages may not sum to 100% due to rounding. Sector designations are determined by the index sponsor using criteria it has
selected or developed. Index sponsors may use very different standards for determining sector designations. In addition, many companies operate in a number of sectors, but are listed in only one sector and the basis on which that sector is
selected may also differ. As a result, sector comparisons between indices with different index sponsors may reflect differences in methodology as well as actual differences in the sector composition of the indices.
As of October 23, 2018, the eight countries which comprise the EURO STOXX 50® Index represent the
following weights in the index: Belgium (2.74%), Finland (1.22%), France (38.96%), Germany (30.79%), Ireland (0.90%), Italy (4.72%), Netherlands (10.44%) and Spain (10.22%); country weightings may be found at
stoxx.com/download/indices/factsheets/SX5GT.pdf under “Factsheets and Methodologies” and are updated periodically.
EURO STOXX 50® Index Composition.
The EURO STOXX 50® Index is composed of 50 index stocks chosen by STOXX Limited from the 19 EURO STOXX Supersector
indices, which represent the Eurozone portion of the STOXX Europe 600 Supersector indices. The 19 supersectors from which stocks are selected for the EURO STOXX 50® Index are Automobiles & Parts, Banks, Basic Resources, Chemicals,
Construction & Materials, Financial Services, Food & Beverages, Health Care, Industrial Goods & Services, Insurance, Media, Oil & Gas, Personal & Household Goods, Real Estate, Retail, Technology, Telecommunications, Travel
& Leisure and Utilities, although stocks from each of these supersectors are not necessarily included at a given time.
Component Selection
The composition of the EURO STOXX 50® Index is reviewed by STOXX Limited annually in September. Within each of the 19 EURO STOXX
Supersector indices, the respective index component stocks are ranked by free-float market capitalization. The largest stocks are added to the selection list until the coverage is close to, but still less than, 60% of the free-float market
capitalization of the corresponding
EURO STOXX Total Market Index Supersector Index. If the next highest-ranked stock brings the coverage closer to 60% in absolute terms, then it is
also added to the selection list. All remaining stocks that are current EURO STOXX 50® Index components are then added to the selection list. The stocks on the selection list are then ranked by free-float market capitalization. The 40
largest stocks on the selection list are chosen as index components. The remaining 10 stocks are then selected from the largest current stocks ranked between 41 and 60. If the number of index components is still below 50, then the largest
remaining stocks on the selection list are added until the EURO STOXX 50® Index contains 50 stocks. In exceptional cases, the STOXX Limited Management Board may make additions and deletions to the selection list.
Ongoing Maintenance of Component Stocks
The component stocks of the EURO STOXX 50® Index are monitored on an ongoing monthly basis for deletion and quarterly
basis for addition. Changes to the composition of the EURO STOXX 50® Index due to corporate actions (including mergers and takeovers, spin-offs, sector changes and bankruptcy) are announced immediately, implemented two trading days
later and become effective on the next trading day after implementation.
The component stocks of the EURO STOXX 50® Index are subject to a “fast exit” rule. A component stock is deleted if it
ranks 75 or below on the monthly selection list and it ranked 75 or below on the selection list of the previous month. The highest-ranked non-component stock will replace the exiting component stock. The EURO STOXX 50® Index is also
subject to a “fast entry” rule. All stocks on the latest selection lists and initial public offering (IPO) stocks are reviewed for a fast-track addition on a quarterly basis. A stock is added if it qualifies for the latest blue-chip selection
list generated at the end of February, May, August or November and if it ranks within the lower buffer (between 1 and 25) on the selection list. If added, the stock replaces the smallest component stock.
A deleted stock is replaced immediately to maintain the fixed number of stocks. The replacement is based on the latest monthly
selection list. In the case of a merger or takeover where a component stock is involved, the original component stock is replaced by the new component stock. In the case of a spin-off, if the original stock was a component stock, then each
spin-off stock qualifies for addition if it lies within the lower buffer (between 1 and 40) on the latest selection list. The largest qualifying spin-off stock replaces the original component stock, while the next qualifying spin-off stock
replaces the lowest ranked component stock and likewise for other qualifying spin-off stocks.
The free float factors and outstanding number of shares for each index stock that STOXX Limited uses to calculate the EURO STOXX
50® Index, as described below, are reviewed, calculated and implemented on a quarterly basis and are fixed until the next quarterly review. Certain extraordinary adjustments to the free float factors and/or the number of outstanding
shares are implemented and made effective more quickly. The timing depends on the magnitude of the change. Each component’s weight is capped at 10% of the EURO STOXX 50® Index’s total free float market capitalization. The free float
factor reduces the index stock’s number of shares to the actual amount available on the market. All holdings that are larger than five percent of the total outstanding number of shares and held on a long-term basis are excluded from the index
calculation (including, but not limited to, stock owned by the company itself, stock owned by governments, stock owned by certain individuals or families, and restricted shares).
Index Calculation
STOXX Limited calculates the EURO STOXX 50® Index using the “Laspeyres formula,” which measures the aggregate price
changes in the index stocks against a fixed base quantity weight. The discussion below describes the “price return” calculation of the EURO STOXX 50® Index.
The formula for calculating the EURO STOXX 50® Index value can be expressed as follows:
EURO STOXX 50®
Index
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=
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Free Float Market
Capitalization of the EURO
STOXX 50® Index
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Divisor
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The “free float market capitalization of the EURO STOXX 50® Index” is equal to the sum of the product of the price,
the number of shares, the free float factor and the weighting cap factor for each index stock as of the time the EURO STOXX 50® Index is being calculated. The index stocks trade in Euros and thus, no currency conversion is required.
Where any index component stock price is unavailable on any trading day, the index sponsor will generally use the last reported price for such component stock.
In case the investability and tradability of the index and index based products is affected by an upcoming market or company
event that is considered significant or “extreme” by the STOXX Management Board, the following actions or a combination of the following actions are taken. For all such changes a minimum notification period of two full trading days will be
observed. The action scope may include but is not limited to:
· application of expert judgment for index component
pricing data,
· adjustment of operational procedures,
· postponement of index adjustments,
· adjustment of selection lists,
· change of weights of index constituents by adjusting
the number of shares, free-float factors or weighting cap-factors, or
· adjustment of index compositions.
EURO STOXX 50 Divisor
The EURO STOXX 50® Index is calculated using a divisor that helps to maintain the continuity of the index’s value so
that corporate actions do not artificially increase or decrease the level of the EURO STOXX 50® Index.
The divisor is calculated by starting with the previous divisor in effect for the EURO STOXX 50® Index (which we call
the “original divisor value”) and multiplying it by a fraction, the numerator of which is the previous free float market capitalization of the EURO STOXX 50® Index, plus or minus the difference between the closing market capitalization
of the EURO STOXX 50® Index and the adjusted closing market capitalization of the EURO STOXX 50® Index, and the denominator of which is the previous free float market capitalization of the EURO STOXX 50. The adjusted free
float market capitalization is calculated for stocks of companies that have experienced a corporate action of the type described below as of the time the new divisor value is being calculated using the free float market capitalization calculated
with adjusted closing prices, the new number of shares, and the new free float factor minus the free float market capitalization calculated with that stock’s original closing price, number of shares, and free float factor, in each case as used in
calculating the original divisor value. Errors in divisor calculation are corrected on an intraday basis if discovered on the same day the new divisor is effective. If the error is discovered later, the error is corrected on an intraday basis if
feasible and only if the error is considered significant by the STOXX Limited Management Board.
Divisor Adjustments
STOXX Limited adjusts the divisor for the EURO STOXX 50® Index to maintain the continuity of the EURO STOXX 50®
Index values across changes due to corporate actions. Changes in weights due to corporate actions are distributed proportionally across all index components and equal an investment into the portfolio. The following is a summary of the adjustments
to any index stock made for corporate actions and the effect of such adjustments on the divisor, where shareholders of the index stock will receive “B” new shares for every “A” share held (where applicable) and assuming that the version of the
index to which your notes are linked is the price return version. All adjusted prices consider withholding taxes based on the new shares being distributed, using “B * (1 – withholding tax where applicable)”.
(1) Special cash dividend:
Adjusted price = closing price – dividend announced by the company * (1- withholding tax if applicable)
Divisor: decreases
(2) Split and reverse split:
Adjusted price = closing price * A / B
New number of shares = old number of shares * B / A
Divisor: no change
(3) Rights offering:
Adjusted price = (closing price * A + subscription price * B) / (A + B)
New number of shares = old number of shares * (A + B) / A
Divisor: increases
If the subscription price is not available or if the subscription price is equal to or greater than the closing price on the day
before the effective date, then no adjustment is made.
Extremely dilutive rights issues having a share ratio larger or equal to 2000% (B/A>20) are treated as follows:
STOXX will announce the deletion of the company from the index following the standard rules for index replacements if sufficient
notice of two trading days before the ex-date can be given.
The company may enter the index again at the next periodic index review, but only after the new rights issue shares have been
listed.
Extremely dilutive rights issues for which two trading days’ notice before the ex-date cannot be given, and all highly dilutive
rights issues having a share ratio larger or equal to 200% (B/A>2) are treated as follows:
· The rights issue shares are included into the index
with a theoretical price on the ex-date;
· The rights issue shares must be listed on an eligible
stock exchange and tradable starting on the ex-date, otherwise, only a price adjustment is made and the rights are not included;
· The rights issue shares will have the same parameters
as the parent company;
· The rights issue shares will be removed at the close
of the day they start to trade with traded price being available; and
· The number of shares and weighting factors will be
increased after the new rights issue shares have been listed.
(4) Stock dividend:
Adjusted price = closing price * A / (A + B)
New number of shares = old number of shares * (A + B) / A
Divisor: no change
(5) Stock dividend from treasury stock if treated as
extraordinary dividend:
Adjusted close = close – close * B / (A + B)
Divisor: decreases
(6) Stock dividend of another company:
Adjusted price = (closing price * A – price of other company * B) / A
Divisor: decreases
(7) Return of capital and share consolidation:
Adjusted price = [closing price – capital return announced by company * (1– withholding tax)] * A / B
New number of shares = old number of shares * B / A
Divisor: decreases
(8) Repurchase of shares / self-tender:
Adjusted price = [(price before tender * old number of shares) – (tender price * number of tendered shares)] / (old number of
shares – number of tendered shares)
New number of shares = old number of shares – number of tendered shares
Divisor: decreases
(9) Spin– off:
Adjusted price = (closing price * A – price of spin–off shares * B) / A
Divisor: decreases
(10) Combination stock distribution (dividend or split)
and rights offering:
For this corporate action, the following additional assumptions apply:
Shareholders receive B new shares from the distribution and C new shares from the rights offering for every A share held; and
If A is not equal to one, all the following “new number of shares” formulae need to be divided by A.
If rights are applicable after stock distribution (one action applicable to another):
Adjusted price = [closing price * A + subscription price * C * (1 + B / A)] / [(A + B) * (1 + C / A)]
New number of shares = old number of shares * [(A + B) * (1 + C / A)] / A
Divisor: increases
If stock distribution is applicable after rights (one action applicable to another):
Adjusted price = (closing price * A + subscription price * C) / [(A + C) * (1 + B / A)]
New number of shares = old number of shares * [(A + C) * (1 + B / A)]
Divisor: increases
Stock distribution and rights (neither action is applicable to the other):
Adjusted price = (closing price * A + subscription price * C) / (A + B + C)
New number of shares = old number of shares * (A + B + C) / A
Divisor: increases
(11) Addition/deletion of a company
No price adjustments are made. The net change in market capitalization determines the divisor adjustment.
(12) Free float and shares changes
No price adjustments are made. The net change in market capitalization determines the divisor adjustment.
License Agreement between STOXX Limited and Goldman Sachs
STOXX and its licensors (the “Licensors”) have no relationship to GS Finance Corp., other than the licensing of the EURO STOXX 50®
Index and the related trademarks for use in connection with the notes.
STOXX and its Licensors do not:
· Sponsor, endorse, sell or promote the notes.
· Recommend that any person invest in the notes or any other securities.
· Have any responsibility or liability for or make any
decisions about the timing, amount or pricing of the notes.
· Have any responsibility or liability for the
administration, management or marketing of the notes.
· Consider the needs of the notes or the owners of the
notes in determining, composing or calculating the EURO STOXX 50® Index or have any obligation to do so.
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STOXX and its Licensors will not have any liability in connection with the notes. Specifically,
· STOXX and its Licensors do not make any warranty, express or implied and disclaim any and all warranty about:
· The results to be obtained by the notes, the owner of the notes or any other person in connection with the use of the EURO STOXX 50® Index and the data included in the EURO STOXX 50® Index;
· The accuracy or completeness of the EURO STOXX 50® Index and its data;
· The merchantability and the fitness for a particular purpose or use of the EURO STOXX 50® Index and its data;
· STOXX and its Licensors will have no liability for any errors, omissions or interruptions in the EURO STOXX 50® Index or its data;
· Under no circumstances will STOXX or its Licensors be liable for any lost profits or indirect, punitive, special or consequential damages or losses,
even if STOXX or its Licensors knows that they might occur.
The licensing agreement between Goldman Sachs International and STOXX is solely for their benefit, and the benefit of certain affiliates of
Goldman Sachs International, and not for the benefit of the owners of the notes or any other third parties.
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The Russell 2000® Index
The Russell 2000® Index is sponsored by FTSE Russell (“Russell”) and measures the composite price
performance of stocks of 2,000 companies in the U.S. equity market. It is generally considered to be a “small-cap” index. Additional information about the Russell 2000® Index is available on the following website:
ftse.com/analytics/factsheets/Home/Search#. We are not incorporating by reference the website or any material it includes in this prospectus supplement.
As of October 8, 2018, the 2,000 companies included in the Russell 2000® Index were divided into nine Russell Global Sectors. The Russell Global Sectors include (with the approximate percentage currently included in such
sectors indicated in parentheses): Consumer Discretionary (14.93%), Consumer Staples (2.41%), Financial Services (25.11%), Health Care (15.53%), Materials & Processing (6.84%), Other Energy (4.95%), Producer Durables (13.53%), Technology
(12.44%) and Utilities (4.25%). (Sector designations are determined by the index sponsor using criteria it has selected or developed. Index sponsors may use very different standards for determining sector designations. In addition, many
companies operate in a number of sectors, but are listed in only one sector and the basis on which that sector is selected may also differ. As a result, sector comparisons between indices with different index sponsors may reflect differences in
methodology as well as actual differences in the sector composition of the indices.)
The Russell 2000® Index includes approximately 2,000 of the smallest securities that form the Russell 3000® Index. The Russell
3000® Index is comprised of the 3,000 largest U.S. companies, or 98% based on market capitalization, of the investable U.S. equity market. The Russell 2000® Index is designed to track the performance of the small
capitalization segment of the U.S. equity market.
Selection of Constituent Stocks of the Russell 2000® Index
The Russell 2000® Index is a sub-index of the Russell 3000® Index. To be eligible for inclusion in the
Russell 3000® Index, and, consequently, the Russell 2000® Index, a company’s stocks must be listed on the rank day in May of a given year (the timetable is announced each spring) and Russell must have access to documentation
verifying the company’s eligibility for inclusion. Eligible initial public offerings (“IPOs”) are added to Russell U.S. Indices quarterly, based on total market capitalization rankings within the market-adjusted capitalization breaks established
during the most recent reconstitution. To be added to any Russell U.S. index during a quarter outside of reconstitution, IPOs must meet additional eligibility criteria.
A company is included in the U.S. equity markets and is eligible for inclusion in the Russell 3000® Index, and consequently, the Russell
2000® Index, if that company incorporates in the U.S., has its headquarters in the U.S. and also trades with the highest liquidity in the U.S. If a company does not satisfy all of the above criteria, it can still be included in the
U.S. equity market if any one of the following home country indicators is in the United States: (i) country of incorporation, (ii) country of headquarters and (iii) country in which the company trades with the highest liquidity (as defined by a
two-year average daily dollar trading volume from all exchanges within the country), and the primary location of that company’s assets or its revenue, based on an average of two years of assets or revenues data, is also in the United States. In
addition, if there is insufficient information to assign a company to the U.S. equity markets based on its assets or revenue, the company may nonetheless be assigned to the U.S. equity markets if the headquarters of the company is located in the
United States or if the headquarters of the company is located in certain “benefit-driven incorporation countries”, or “BDIs”, and that company’s most liquid stock exchange is in the United States. The BDI countries are Anguilla, Antigua and
Barbuda, Aruba, Bahamas, Barbados, Belize, Bermuda, Bonaire, British Virgin Islands, Cayman Islands, Channel Islands, Cook Islands, Curaçao, Faroe Islands, Gibraltar, Guernsey, Isle of Man, Jersey, Liberia, Marshall Islands, Panama, Saba, Sint
Eustatius, Sint Maarten and Turks and Caicos Islands. A U.S.-listed company is not eligible for inclusion within the U.S. equity market if it has been classified by Russell as a China N share on the rank date of the index reconstitution. A
company will be considered a China N share if the following criteria are satisfied: (i) the company is incorporated outside of the People’s Republic of China, (ii) the company is listed on the NYSE, the NASDAQ or the NYSE MKT, (iii) over 55% of
the revenue or assets of the company are derived from the People’s Republic of China, and (iv) the company is controlled by a mainland Chinese entity, company or individual (if the shareholder background cannot be determined with publicly
available information, Russell will consider whether the establishment and origin of the company are in mainland China and whether the company is headquartered in mainland China). ADRs and ADSs are not eligible for inclusion in the Russell 2000®
Index.
In addition, all securities eligible for inclusion in the Russell 3000® Index, and consequently, the Russell 2000®
Index, must trade on an eligible exchange (BATS, IEX, NYSE, NYSE MKT, NYSE Arca and NASDAQ).
Exclusions from the Russell 2000® Index
Russell specifically excludes the following companies and securities from the Russell 2000® Index: (i) preferred and convertible preferred stock, redeemable shares, participating preferred stock, warrants, rights, installment receipts and
trust receipts; (ii) royalty trusts, U.S. limited liability companies, closed-end investment companies, companies that are required to report Acquired Fund Fees and Expenses (as defined by the SEC), including business development companies,
blank check companies, special-purpose acquisition companies and limited partnerships; (iii) companies with a total market capitalization less than $30 million; (iv) companies with only a small portion of their shares available in the
marketplace (companies with 5% or less float); (v) bulletin board, pink sheets or over-the-counter traded securities, including securities for which prices are displayed on the FINRA ADF; (vi) real estate investment trusts and publicly traded
partnerships that generate, or have historically generated, unrelated business taxable income and have not taken steps to block their unrelated business taxable income to equity holders; and (vii) companies with 5% or less of the company’s voting
rights in the hands of unrestricted shareholders (existing constituents that do not currently have more than 5% of the company’s voting rights in the hands of unrestricted shareholders have until the September 2022 review to meet this
requirement).
Initial List of Eligible Securities
The primary criterion Russell uses to determine the initial list of securities eligible for the Russell 3000® Index
and, consequently, the Russell 2000® Index, is total market capitalization, which is calculated by multiplying the total outstanding shares for a company by the market price as of the rank day for those securities being considered at
annual reconstitution. IPOs may be added between constitutions as noted below. All common stock share classes are combined in determining a company’s total shares outstanding. If multiple share classes have been combined, the number of total
shares outstanding will be multiplied by the primary exchange close price and used to determine the company’s total market capitalization. In cases where the common stock share classes act independently of each other (e.g., tracking stocks), each
class is considered for inclusion separately. Stocks must have a closing price at or above $1.00 on their primary exchange or an eligible secondary exchange on the last trading day of May of each
year to be eligible for inclusion in the Russell 2000® Index. In order to reduce unnecessary turnover, if an existing member’s closing
price is less than $1.00 on the rank day in May, it will be considered eligible if the average of the daily closing prices from their primary exchange during the 30 days prior to the rank day is equal to or greater than $1.00. If an existing
member does not trade on the rank day, it must price at $1.00 or above on another eligible U.S. exchange to remain eligible.
Multiple Share Classes
If an eligible company trades under multiple share classes or if a company distributes shares of an additional share class to its existing
shareholders through a mandatory corporate action, each share class will be reviewed independently for inclusion. Share classes in addition to the primary vehicle (the pricing vehicle) that have a total market capitalization larger than the
smallest company in the Russell 3000ETM Index, an average daily dollar trading value that exceeds that of the global median, and a float greater than 5% of shares available in the market place are eligible for inclusion.
The pricing vehicle will generally be designated as the share class with the highest two-year trading volume as of the rank day.
In the absence of two years’ worth of data, all available data will be used for this calculation. If the difference between trading volumes for each share class is less than 20%, the share class with the most available shares outstanding will be
used as the pricing vehicle. At least 100 day trading volume is necessary to consider the class as a pricing vehicle for existing members. New members will be analyzed on all available data, even if that data is for less than 100 days.
Annual Reconstitution
The Russell 2000® Index is reconstituted annually by Russell to reflect changes in the marketplace. The list of
companies is ranked based on total market capitalization on the last trading day in May, with the actual reconstitution occurring on the final Friday of June each year, unless the final Friday in June is the 29th or 30th, in which case
reconstitution will occur on the preceding Friday. A full calendar for reconstitution is made available each spring.
A company’s total shares are multiplied by the primary exchange close price of the pricing vehicle and used to determine the company’s total market
capitalization for the purpose of ranking of companies and determination of index membership. If no volume exists on the primary exchange on the rank day, the last trade price from an eligible secondary exchange will be used where volume exists
(using the lowest trade price above $1.00 if multiple secondary markets exist). The company’s rank will be determined based on the cumulative market capitalization. As of the June 2016 reconstitution, any share class not qualifying for
eligibility independently will not be aggregated with the pricing vehicle within the available shares calculation.
For mergers and spin-offs that are effective between the rank day and the Friday prior to annual reconstitution in June, the market capitalizations
of the impacted securities are recalculated and membership is reevaluated as of the effective date of the corporate action. For corporate events that occur during the final week of reconstitution (during which reconstitution is finalized Friday
after U.S. market close), market capitalizations and memberships will not be reevaluated. Non index members that have been considered ineligible as of rank day will not be reevaluated in the event of a subsequent corporate action that occurs
between rank day and the reconstitution effective date.
Index Calculation and Capitalization Adjustments
As a capitalization-weighted index, the Russell 2000® Index reflects changes in the capitalization, or market value, of the index stocks
relative to the capitalization on a base date. This discussion describes the “price return” calculation of the Russell 2000® Index. The current Russell 2000® Index value is the compounded result of the cumulative daily (or
monthly) return percentages, where the starting value of the Russell 2000® Index is equal to the base value (100) and base date (December 31, 1978). Returns between any two dates can then be derived by dividing the ending period index
value (IV1) by the beginning period (IV0) index value, so that the return equals [(IV1 / IV0) –1]*100.
Constituent stocks of the Russell 2000® Index are weighted in the Russell 2000® Index by their free-float market
capitalization, which is calculated by multiplying the primary closing price by the number of free-float shares. Free-float shares are shares that are available to the public for purchase as determined by Russell. Adjustments to shares are
reviewed quarterly (including at reconstitution) and for major corporate actions such as mergers.
The following are excluded from free float: shares directly owned by state, regional, municipal and local governments (excluding
shares held by independently managed pension schemes for governments); shares held by sovereign wealth funds where each holding is 10% or greater of the total number of shares in issue; shares held by directors, senior executives and managers of
the company, and by their family and direct relations, and by companies with which they are affiliated; shares held within employee share plans; shares held by public companies or by non-listed subsidiaries of public companies; shares held by
founders, promoters, former directors, founding venture capital and private equity firms, private companies and individuals (including employees) where the holding is 10% or greater of the total number of shares in issue; all shares where the
holder is subject to a lock-in clause (for the duration of that clause, after which free float changes resulting from the expiration of a lock-in clause will be implemented at the next quarterly review subsequent to there being a minimum of 20
business days between the expiration date of such lock-in clause and the Tuesday before the first Friday of the review month; if the previously locked-in shares are sold by way of a corporate event (such as a secondary offering), any change to
the free float will be applied T+2 following completion and therefore will not be subject to the minimum 20 business day rule); shares held by an investor, investment company or an investment fund that is actively participating in the management
of a company or is holding shares for publicly announced strategic reasons, or has successfully placed a current member to the board of directors of a company; and shares that are subject to ongoing contractual agreements (such as swaps) where
they would ordinarily be treated as restricted. In addition, while portfolio holdings such as pension funds, insurance funds or investment companies will generally not be considered as restricted from free float, where a single portfolio holding
is 30% or greater it will be regarded as strategic and therefore restricted (and will remain restricted until the holding falls below 30%).
Corporate Actions Affecting the Russell 2000® Index
Russell adjusts the Russell 2000® Index on a daily basis in response to certain corporate actions and events.
Therefore, a company’s membership in the Russell 2000® Index and its weight in the Russell 2000® Index can be impacted by these corporate actions. The adjustment is applied based on sources of public information, including
press releases and Securities and Exchange Commission filings. Prior to the completion of a corporate action or event, Russell estimates the effective date. Russell will then adjust the anticipated effective date based on public information until
the date is considered final. Depending on the time on a given day that an action is determined to be final, Russell will generally either (1) apply the action before the open on the ex-date or (2) apply the action after providing appropriate
notice. If Russell has confirmed the completion of a corporate action, scheduled to become effective subsequent to a rebalance, the event may be implemented in conjunction with the rebalance to limit turnover, provided appropriate notice can be
given. Russell applies the following methodology guidelines when adjusting the Russell 2000® Index in response to corporate actions and events:
“No Replacement” Rule — Securities that are deleted from the Russell
2000® Index between reconstitution dates, for any reason (e.g., mergers, acquisitions or other similar corporate activity) are not replaced. Thus, the number of securities in the Russell 2000® Index over the past year will
fluctuate according to corporate activity.
Mergers and Acquisitions
Adjustments due to mergers and acquisitions are applied to the Russell 2000® Index after the action is determined to be final. In the
event that a constituent is being acquired for cash or is delisted subsequent to an index review, such constituent will be removed from the Russell 2000® Index in conjunction with the index review, assuming that the action is
determined to be final and a minimum of two days’ notice can be provided.
Between constituents: When mergers and acquisitions take place between companies that are both constituents of a Russell index for cash, the target
company is deleted and shares of the acquiring stock are increased according to the offer terms. When mergers and acquisitions take place between companies that are both constituents of a Russell index for stock, the target company is deleted
from the Russell 2000® Index at the last traded price.
Between a constituent and a non-constituent: If the target company is a
member of the Russell 2000® Index, it is deleted from the Russell 2000® Index and the acquiring company will be included initially in the Russell 2000® Index provided it is eligible in all other respects at the
time of the merger, regardless of previous eligibility screenings. If the acquiring company is deemed eligible it will be added to the Russell 2000® Index on the effective date and the opening price will be calculated using the offer
terms.
Given sufficient market hours after the confirmation of a merger or acquisition, Russell effects the action after the close on the last day of
trading of the target company, or at an appropriate time once the transaction has been deemed to be final.
Rights Offerings — Rights offered to shareholders are reflected in the
Russell 2000® Index only if the subscription price of the rights is at a discount to the market price of the stock. Provided that Russell has been alerted to the rights offer prior to the ex-date, it will adjust the price of the stock
for the value of the rights and increased shares according to the terms of the offering before the open on the ex-date.
Spin-offs— Spun-off companies are added to the parent company’s index
if the parent company’s market value is reduced simultaneously per the spin-off valuation. Spun-off companies are added to the Russell 2000® Index at the same time as they are spun-off from their parent company on the ex-date of the
distribution.
Initial Public Offerings — Eligible IPOs are added
to the Russell 2000® Index based on total market capitalization ranking within the market-adjusted capitalization breaks established at the most recent annual reconstitution.
An IPO of additional share classes will be considered for eligibility and must meet the same eligibility criteria for all other
multiple share classes. If at the time of the IPO the additional share class does not meet the eligibility criteria for separate index membership, it will not be added to the Russell 2000® Index and will subsequently be reviewed for
index membership during the next annual reconstitution.
Once IPO additions have been announced, an IPO may be added to the Russell 2000® Index prior to the previously announced schedule, if a
corporate action has deemed this to be appropriate and notice can be provided (e.g. an index member automatically receives shares via a stock distribution into a projected IPO add).
Tender Offers — A company acquired as a result of a tender offer is
removed when (i) (a) offer acceptances reach 90%; (b) shareholders have validly tendered and the shares have been irrevocably accepted for payment; and (c) all pertinent offer conditions have been reasonably met and the acquirer has not
explicitly stated that it does not intend to acquire the remaining shares; (ii) where offer acceptances are below 90%, there is reason to believe that the remaining free float is under 5% based on information available at the time; or (iii)
following completion of the offer the acquirer has stated intent to finalize the acquisition via a short-form merger, squeeze-out, top-up option or any other compulsory mechanism.
Where the conditions for index deletion are not met, Russell may implement a free float change based on the reported acceptance results at the
expiration of the initial, subsequent or final offer period where (i) the minimum acceptance level as stipulated by the acquiror is met; (ii) shareholders have validly tendered and the shares have been irrevocably accepted for payment; (iii) all
pertinent offer conditions have been reasonably met and (iv) the change to the current float factor is greater than 3%. A minimum two day notice period of the change is generally provided. If the offer includes a stock consideration, the
acquiring company’s shares will be increased proportionate to the free float change of the target company. If the target company’s free float change is greater than 3%, the associated change to the acquiring company’s shares will be implemented
regardless of size. Additionally, if the change to the target company is less than 3%, then no change will be implemented to the target or the acquiring company at the time of the event, regardless of any change to the acquiring company’s shares.
The target company will then be deleted as a second-step, if the conditions for deletion are achieved at the expiration of a subsequent offer period.
Delisted and Suspended Stocks — A stock will be deleted as a
constituent if it is delisted from all eligible exchanges, becomes bankrupt, files for bankruptcy protection, is insolvent or is liquidated, or where evidence of a change in circumstances makes it ineligible for index inclusion. If, however, a
stock is suspended, Russell will determine its treatment as follows:
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if a constituent is declared bankrupt without any indication of compensation to shareholders, the last traded price will be adjusted to zero value and the constituent will be removed
from the Russell 2000® Index with T+2 notice;
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in all other cases, a constituent will continue to be included in the Russell 2000® Index for a period of up to 20 business days at its last traded price;
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if a constituent continues to be suspended at the end of the 20 business day period, it will be subject to review and a decision will be taken to either allow the constituent to
remain in the Russell 2000® Index for a further period of up to 20 business days or to remove it at zero value. In making this determination, Russell will take into account the stated reasons for the suspension. These
reasons may include announcements made by the company regarding a pending acquisition or restructuring, and any stated intentions regarding a date for the resumption of trading. This procedure will be repeated at successive 20
business day intervals thereafter until either trading recommences or the suspension period reaches 80 business days;
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if the suspension period reaches 80 business days, Russell will provide notice that the constituent will be removed at zero value following the expiry of at least 40 business days;
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in certain limited circumstances where the index weight of the constituent is significant and Russell determines that a market-related value can be established for the suspended
constituent, for example because similar company securities continue to trade, deletion may take place at the market-related value instead. In such
circumstances, Russell will set out its rationale for the proposed treatment of the constituent at the end of the 80 business day period;
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if, following the end of the 80 business day period, a suspended constituent resumes trading before the Wednesday before the first Friday of March, June, September or December, the
deletion notice will be rescinded and the constituent will be retained in the Russell 2000® Index. If the constituent resumes trading after these dates but before the review effective date, the constituent will continue to
be removed from the Russell 2000® Index as previously announced but in these circumstances the deletion may instead be implemented at market value; and
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if a constituent has been removed from the Russell 2000® Index and trading is subsequently restored, the constituent will only be re-considered for inclusion after a
period of 12 months from its deletion. For the purposes of index eligibility it will be treated as a new issue.
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Bankruptcy and Voluntary Liquidations — Companies that file for a
Chapter 7 liquidation bankruptcy or have filed a liquidation plan will be removed from the Russell 2000® Index at the time of the bankruptcy filing (except when shareholder approval is required to finalize the liquidation plan, in
which case the company will be removed once shareholder approval has been granted); whereas companies filing for a Chapter 11 reorganization bankruptcy will remain a member of the Russell 2000® Index, unless the company is delisted
from the primary exchange, in which case normal delisting rules apply. If a company files for bankruptcy, is delisted and it can be confirmed that it will not trade on
any market, including OTC, Russell may remove the stock at a nominal price of $0.0001.
Stock Distributions and distributions in specie— A price adjustment for stock distributions is applied on the ex-date of the distribution. Where Russell is able to value a distribution in specie prior to the ex-date, a price adjustment
is made to the company paying the dividend at the open on the ex-date. If no valuation of the distribution exists prior to the ex-date, no price adjustment is applied. Where the company whose holders are receiving the distribution is an index
member, its shares will be increased according to the terms of the distribution. If such company is not an index member, the distributed shares will be added to the Russell 2000® Index until they have been settled and have listed, at
which point they will be removed at the last traded price giving appropriate notice.
Special Cash Dividends — If a constituent pays out a special cash
dividend, the price of the stock is adjusted to deduct the dividend amount before the open on the ex-date. No adjustment for regular cash dividends is made in the price return calculation of the Russell 2000® Index.
Updates to Shares Outstanding and Free Float — Russell reviews the
Russell 2000® Index quarterly for updates to shares outstanding and to free floats used in calculating the Russell 2000® Index. The changes are implemented quarterly in March, June, September and December after the close on
the third Friday of such month. The June reconstitution will be implemented on the last Friday of June (unless the last Friday occurs on the 29th or 30th of the month, in which case reconstitution will occur on the Friday prior).
In March, September and December shares outstanding and free floats are updated to reflect (i) changes greater than 1% for cumulative shares in issue
changes and (ii) changes greater than 3% for cumulative free float changes. In addition, a constituent with a free float of 15% or below will not be subject to the 3% change threshold and will instead be updated if the change is greater than 1%.
Updates to shares outstanding and free floats will be implemented each June regardless of size (i.e., the percentage change thresholds above will not be applied). Russell implements the June updates using data sourced primarily from the
companies’ publicly available information filed with the Securities and Exchange Commission.
Outside of the quarterly update cycle, outstanding shares and free float will be updated with at least two days’ notice if prompted by primary or
secondary offerings if (i) there is a USD $1 billion investable market capitalization change related to a primary/secondary offering or (ii) there is a resultant 5% change in index shares related to a primary or secondary offering and a USD $250 million investable market capitalization change. These changes are implemented after the close on the day that the subscription period closes, assuming two
days’ notice can be provided. If two days’ notice cannot be provided prior to the end of the subscription period, the change will still proceed with two days’ notice and will be implemented at the earliest opportunity. If discovery of the event
occurs more than two days after the close of the subscription period, the changes are deferred until the quarterly review cycle.
If a company distributes shares of an additional share class to its existing shareholders through a mandatory corporate action,
the additional share class will be evaluated for separate index membership. The new share class will be deemed eligible if the market capitalization of the distributed shares meets the minimum size requirement (the market capitalization of the
smallest member of the Russell 3000E Index from the previous rebalance as adjusted for performance to date). If the additional share class is not eligible at the time of distribution, it will not be added to the Russell 2000® Index.